江苏新教材牛津英语八年级下 Unit1 Past and present Grammar
More practice
hasn’t finished (not finish) the 1. He ______________
homework yet. He will try to finish it
quickly. 2. My family ________ has lived (live) in Nanjing since 1996. 3. _____ ______ (know) him since Have you known then?
over the past century. From this have learnt (learn) film, I (4)______________ more about Beijing’s past and
present. have heard Sandy: Oh, I think I (5)__________(hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again? Millie: Yes, I’d like to.
7. My father went to Beijing two weeks haven’t seen (not see) him since ago. I____________ then. 8. ____ Has Tom _______ written (write) letters to you recently? 9. Jack’s mother isn’t at home. She ________ has gone (go) to the supermarket.
3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句
句型 Have/Has+主语+过去分词 Have you….? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he….? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
三、现在分词的构成 A 规则动词的过去分词 原形 过去分词 原形 过去分词 visited travel travelled visit move moved stay stayed stop finish
Present perfect tense
The Present Perfect Tense (现在完成时）
一.现在完成时的含义
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或
完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在
有联系，动作或状态发生在过去但
它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持
续到现在的动作或状态。
Eddie was born four years ago.
Unit 1 Past and present
Grammar
翻译
1.在过去 3.自从上学期以来 5.北京的变化 7.在……北部 9.一个很严重的问题 11.像以前一样经常 13. 采取行动干…… 15.感到有点寂寞 17.有美丽的现代化的城镇 2.在现在 4.在不同时代的交通工具 6.在市中心 （2） 8.变为 10.在某些方面 12.不时（3） 14.结婚 16. 把废物倒入水里. 18. 像以前一样经常看见彼此
haven’t seen 4. We ____________(not see) each other for years . haven’t come 5. My parents __________________ (not come) back yet. Has taught 6. Our teacher _____________(teach) us a
4. They _____ have already _______ decided (decide)
to go to Kunming for the holiday.
5. We ___________ have moved (move) to the new flat since last month. 6. The girl __________ has learned (learn) English for about two years.
past
present
Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born. Eddie has lived with Millie for four years.
past
4 years
present
二、现在完成时的构成
1. 现在完成时的肯定句
句型:
主语（第一、二人称单、复数）
e.g. He has been in Beijing for two
months.
2. 现在完成时的否定句 句型主语+have/has+ not+过去分词 e.g. I have not seen Harry Potter yet. He hasn’t been to Tianjin since then.
keep
Complete the sentences using the present perfect tense.
1. They have ____________(finish) their finished homework already. visited 2. John ________ never __________(visit) has China. has repaired 3. Mr Li ________________ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.
1.知识目标： 学习词汇：yet, recently, past 学习词组：over the past century, learn more about
2. 技能目标： 1)掌握现在完成时的基本结构、基本用法和 动词过去分词变化规律。 2)能够在语境中正确运用现在完成时。 3)理解并运用常和现在完成时连用的时间表 达方式。 3. 情感目标：用现在完成时谈论家乡的变化。
films recently, Sandy?
Sandy: No, I (2)_______. haven’t What about you? Millie: I (3)________(see) one last Saturday. saw Sandy: What’s it about?
Millie: It’s about changes in Beijing
give
make write
grow
hurt run
made
written
run原形 feel fall Nhomakorabea过去分词
原形 bring wear
过去分词 brought
felt
fallen flown
worn sung
forgotten kept
fly
have
sing
forget
had
drunk
drink
10. The film ________ has been (be) on for about
20 minutes. We missed the beginning.
当堂反馈
Homework
Preview integrated skills.
lot about the history of China.
Complete the conversation using the
correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Millie: (1)_____ any Have you ____(see) seen
+ have +过去分词
e.g. I have finished my report. We have lived in Nanjing for 10
years.
主语（第三人称复数） +have + 过去分词
e.g. They have moved away.
主语（第三人称单数） +has
+过去分词
Pay attention to:
一、现在完成时谓语动词的构成： 助动词have/has (not) +V-ed（过去分词） 二、与现在完成时一起出现的时间状语： already ever for just yet never since recently so far before (in/during/over the past ten years
stopped finished shopped solved
own
owned
shop
solve
learn learned
B 不规则动词的过去分词 原形 过去分词 原形 think thought catch put cost 过去分词 put cost grown hurt
caught
given
江苏新教材牛津英语八年级下 Unit1 Past and present Welcome to the unit
Listen and answer
1. Does Hobo think Eddie has changed? Why? Yes. Because he used to share food with him.
Listen and answer
2. What was in the bowl an hour ago? Hobo’s food .
2. 技能目标： 1)了解北京不同时代的交通工具。 2)谈论自己、家人和朋友过去和现在使用的 不同交通工具。 3)初步认识现在完成时。 3. 情感目标：通过交通方式的变化，了解并 体会北京的巨大变化。
Lead-in
Happy New Year, boys and girls! We’re glad to be back at school again. You are one year older and you’re taller. All of you have changed.
Unit 1 Past and present Welcome to the unit
1.知识目标： 学习词汇：past , present, just 学习词组： used to do sth, Share sth with sb, go to school, by bike, take a bus 学习句子： You used to share food with me! It took a long time to wait for the next one.
Homework 1. Recite the sentences of the comic pictures. 2. 翻译下列词组 1）在碗中 2）过去常常 3）和……一起分享 4）家乡 5）在不同的时代 6）在过去的二十年中 7）北京的变化 8）一项历史项目
江苏新教材牛津英语八年级下Unit1 Past and present Reading 2
尔”，相当于sometimes或at times，可
用于句首或句尾。
From time to time he could get some
information about her.
他偶尔能得到一些有关她的消息。 She has to work at weekends from time to time. 她偶尔周末还得工作。
学习句子： Do you know Sunshine Town very well, Mr Chen? Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.
2. 技能目标： 1)了解阳光镇的变化情况。 2) 对比阳光镇现在与过去的不同之处，并进 行描述。 3) 了解采访的方式和方法，以及谈论城市变 迁时可用的各种表达。 4)进一步认识现在完成时。 3. 情感目标：学会描述家乡之美, 提高自己的道
学习词组： in the northern part of, get married, since then, change a lot, over the years, in the town center/ in the center of town, turn … into …, put … into…, realize the problem, take action to do sth, improve the situation, in some ways, move away, as often as before, feel lonely, a bit, from time to time/at times/ sometimes
2) 在否定句中，二者意义则恰恰相反。 not a bit意为“一点儿也不”，相当于 not at all，而not a little意为“很多，不
牛津译林版八年级英语下册8Bunit1 past and present 课文要点全解
牛津英语8Bunit1 past and present课文要点全解Comic strip1.I've just eaten it我刚把它吃了。
(教材第6页)just此处用作副词，意为“刚刚,刚才”,通常与现在完成时连用。
Mr Wang has just left our classroom,王老师刚刚离开我们的教室。
I've just heard the news.我刚听到这个消息。
[拓展]①just副词，还可意为“正好，恰好;仅仅，只是”，起加强语气的作用。
This jacket is just my size.这件夹克衫正合我的尺码。
He is just a child他仅仅是一个孩子。
I just want to talk to you.我只是想和你谈谈。
②.just own意为“刚才”相当于a moment ago,.常用于句来，用于一般过去时态的句子中。
I met one of my friends in the street just now.我刚才在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
③just then意为“就在那时”。
Just then, someone knocked at the door.就在那时，有人敲门。
中考●链接I'm not hungry because I have ______had lunch.A.everB. neverC. justD. still解析:我们可用“前后照应法”解答此题。
ever"曾经”;never“从不”;just“刚才，刚刚”;sill 还;仍”。
由主句句意“我不饿”可推知从句句意应为“因为我刚吃过午饭”。
故选C。
答案:C2.Why?为什么? (教材第6页)这是一个省略问句，其完整形式是"Why did you cat my food?。
why引导的特殊疑问句用来询问原因，通常用because (因为)引导的句子来回答。
八年级英语下册 Unit 1 Past and present重点语法和句型 牛津版
Unit 1 Past and present一. 教学内容：Unit 1 Past and presentwords, phrases and sentences二. 教学目标：掌握Unit 1的词汇及词性变化和课文中的重点词组、句型的结构和用法Unit 1 Past and present（一）基础词汇过去，往事 past目前，现在 present(n. 现在，通常与过去、将来相对应。
The past, the present and the future . 过去、现在和将来。
at present. 此刻、现在: I’m afraid I can’t help you just at present. ----- I’m too busy. 很抱歉，我现在帮不了你，----- 实在太忙了。
adj. 现在的。
the present day当今、现今。
Most young people enjoy listening to popular music the present day. )刚刚 just(just, adv. 刚才。
常用于完成时态，在美式英语中用于一般过去时。
)I have just seen John. 我刚才见到约翰了。
I just saw him. (a moment ago). ( U. S)我（几分钟前）看到他的。
( U. S)自……以来 since(since. 后面通常接点时间来表示一段时间。
例如：since 1984 自从1984年一直到现在。
since 3 days ago. 自从三天前一直到现在，也可以说成for 3 days 通常用how long 提问。
How long has your uncle lived here? Since 1980. )南方的 southern到……时 till已婚的 married(marry. vt. vi marry sb. 与某人结婚；嫁或娶某人。
牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 1《Past and present》教学设计12
牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 1《Past and present》教学设计12一. 教材分析本单元的主题是“过去与现在”，通过对比两个不同年代的照片，让学生学会描述事物的变化和发展。
教材内容包括两个任务：Task 1是看图说话，Task 2是写一篇短文介绍过去和现在的变化。
本节课的教学内容为Task 1，包括图片的观察、词汇的学习、句型的练习和小组讨论。
二. 学情分析八年级的学生已经掌握了基本的英语语法和词汇，具备一定的听说读写能力。
但部分学生对过去时态的运用还不够熟练，需要通过练习来加强。
此外，学生们的思维方式和表达习惯各有不同，需要教师在教学中进行引导和调整。
三. 教学目标1.能看懂并描述两张图片中的过去和现在；2.学会运用过去时态描述事物的变化；3.提高小组合作能力和口头表达能力。
四. 教学重难点1.过去时态的运用；2.描述事物变化的句型；3.小组合作和口头表达。
五. 教学方法1.任务型教学法：通过完成任务，让学生在实践中学习和运用语言；2.情景教学法：创设情境，让学生在真实的环境中感受和理解语言；3.小组合作学习：培养学生的团队精神和沟通能力。
六. 教学准备1.准备两张图片，一张是过去的事物，一张是现在的事物；2.准备相关词汇和句型的卡片；3.准备录音机和磁带，用于播放听力材料。
七. 教学过程1.导入（5分钟）a.向学生展示两张图片，一张是过去的事物，一张是现在的事物；b.让学生观察图片，并提问：“Can you guess what thesepictures are about?”；c.引导学生思考过去和现在的变化，并提问：“Can you think ofsome changes between the past and the present?”。
2.呈现（10分钟）a.向学生介绍词汇和句型，如“In the past, people used to do sth.”和“Now, people usually do sth.”；b.通过卡片和例句，让学生学习和掌握这些词汇和句型；c.让学生练习使用这些词汇和句型，如“In the past, people usedto ride horses. Now, people usual ly drive cars.”。
牛津译林版英语八下Unit 1《Past and Present》(Task)说课稿
牛津译林版英语八下Unit 1《Past and Present》（Task）说课稿一. 教材分析《Past and Present》是牛津译林版英语八年级下册Unit 1的一篇文章，主要描述了伦敦过去和现在的变化。
文章通过对比介绍了伦敦的历史、文化、建筑和环境等方面的变化，让学生了解伦敦的发展和英国的历史文化。
文章内容丰富，语言简练，贴近学生的生活实际，有利于激发学生的学习兴趣。
二. 学情分析八年级的学生已经掌握了基本的英语语法和词汇，具备一定的阅读理解能力。
但他们在阅读长篇阅读材料时，可能会遇到生词、长难句等障碍，影响阅读理解。
因此，在教学过程中，教师需要帮助学生扫除这些障碍，提高他们的阅读理解能力。
同时，学生对伦敦和英国的历史文化可能了解不多，教师需要在教学中补充相关知识，帮助学生更好地理解文章内容。
三. 说教学目标1.知识目标：让学生掌握文章中的重点词汇和短语，如“historical site”、“monument”、“architectural style”等；了解伦敦的历史、文化、建筑和环境等方面的变化。
2.能力目标：提高学生的阅读理解能力，能够快速准确地获取文章中的信息；培养学生的听说能力和合作能力。
3.情感目标：激发学生对英国历史文化的兴趣，培养他们的跨文化交际意识。
四. 说教学重难点1.重点：文章中的重点词汇和短语，以及伦敦的历史、文化、建筑和环境等方面的变化。
2.难点：理解文章中的长难句，以及作者的观点和态度。
五. 说教学方法与手段1.任务驱动法：通过设置各种任务，让学生在完成任务的过程中学习和掌握知识。
2.情境教学法：创设真实的语境，让学生在语境中学习英语，提高他们的实际运用能力。
3.合作学习法：引导学生分组讨论，培养他们的团队合作意识和沟通能力。
4.多媒体教学法：利用多媒体课件、图片、视频等资源，丰富教学内容，提高学生的学习兴趣。
六. 说教学过程1.导入：展示伦敦的图片，引导学生谈论自己对伦敦的了解，激发学生的学习兴趣。
八年级英语下册Unit1Pastandpresent语法解析牛津版
Unit 1 Past and present一.教课内容：Unit 1 Past and present Grammar二.教课目的：掌握 Unit1 的语法 : Present perfect tense此刻达成时的用法（一）基本观点1、定义此刻达成时用来表示从前已发生或达成的动作或状态，但它的影响此刻还存在；也可表示连续到此刻的动作或状态。
2、组成： have (has) +过去分词。
规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化同样，在动词词尾加 ed; 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同学们记忆。
3、句型：现以 see the film为例将此刻达成时的一定句，否认句和疑问句列表以下：一定句： I/You/We/They have seen the film.He/She /It has seen the film.否认句： I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film.He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film.疑问句： Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/we/I/they haven ’t.Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasn’t.（二）用法：此刻达成时既波及过去，又联系此刻。
用法一：表示过去发生或已经达成的某一动作对此刻造成的影响或结果。
常与just（刚刚）， already （已经）， never （素来没有），ever （以前）， before （从前）， yet （仍旧），once（一次）， twice （两次）， many times （好多次）， how many times （多少次）， so far （迄今为止）， during the past（last）three years（近来三年来）等连用。
Units 1-8重要短语归纳2022-2023学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册
Unit 1 Past and presentWelcome to the unit1. past and present 过去和现在2. in the bowl 在碗里3. an hour ago 一小时前4. —Have you seen my food? 你见过我的食物吗？—Yes, I’ve just eaten it. 是的，我刚把它吃了。
5. used to share food with me 过去常常和我分享食物6. be so kind to me 对我那么好7. transport at different times 不同时代的交通工具8. by bike/ bus/ underground/ car/ taxi/ coach/ train/ plane骑自行车/乘公交车/地铁/汽车/出租车/长途汽车/火车/飞机9. Why didn’t you take a bus? 你为什么不乘公交车呢？10. too many people 太多人11. It took a long time to wait for the next bus. 花费很长时间等到下一班公交车。
12. It’s easy and fast (to go to school by bus). (乘公交车去上学)既简便又快捷。
Reading1. I’ve lived here since I was born. 我自出生就住在这里。
2. move house 搬家3. in the northern part of town 在城镇的北部4. get married 结婚5. move two blocks away 搬离两个街区6. We’ve lived in this area since then. 从那时起我们就住在这个地区了。
7. over the years 在这几年中8. turn part of the town centre into a new park 将镇中心的部分变为一个新公园9. a steel factory 一个钢厂10. put the waste into the river 将废物投入河中11. realize the problem 意识到这个问题12. take action to improve the situation 采取措施改善情况13. in some ways 在某种程度上14. move away 搬离15. know little about… 对……知道很少know nothing about…对……一无所知16. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.我们已经不可能像以前那样经常见到彼此了。
牛津译林版 8B八年级下册 Unit1 Past and present 知识点梳理
八年级下册Unit1 Past and present知识点梳理【重点单词】past [pɑːst]过去present ['preznt] 现在，目前just [dʒʌst] 刚才used to (过去持续或常发生)曾经since [sɪns] 自…以来ever ['evə] 曾经，永远，这以前northern ['nɔːðən] 北方的，北部的married [ˈmærɪd] 已婚的，结婚的wife [waɪf] (妻子block [blɒk] 街区since [sɪns] 自…以来over ['əʊvə] 在…期间turn ... Into ... 把…变成…pollution [pəˈluːʃ(ə)n] 污染；污染物factory ['fæktəri] 工厂waste [weɪst] 废料；废品realize ['rɪəlaɪz] 意识到；实现improve [ɪm'pruːv]改进，改善situation [sɪtjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n] 形势，情况in some ways 在某种程度上however [haʊ'evə] 然而impossible [ɪmˈpɒsəbl] 不可能的before [bɪ'fɔː]以前，过去，已经lonely ['ləʊnli] 孤独的，寂寞的from time to time [frɒm//taɪm//tuː//taɪm] 不时，有时，偶尔anyway [ˈenɪweɪ] 尽管，即使这样husband ['hʌzbənd] 丈夫interview [ˈɪntəvjuː]采访；会见all one's life 一生yet [jet] 还，仍recently ['riːsntli]近来，最近past [pɑːst]过去environment [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] 环境transport [trænsˈpɔːt]交通车辆，运输工具condition [kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n] 环境，条件，状况return [rɪ'tɜːn]返回last [lɑːst]最近，上一次；最后abroad [ə'brɔːd]到（在）国外primary [ˈpraɪməri] 小学教育的；初级的keep in touch 保持联系communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] 交流，交际communication [kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] 交流，交际exactly [ɪg'zæktli] （答语）正是，没错be/get used to 习惯于，适应于narrow [ˈnærəʊ] 狭窄的open space 开阔的空地【重点词组】1.in the bowl an hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的ed to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事be used to do sth. 被用来做某事3.do a history project on the changes in Beijing over the years做个有关这些年北京的变化的历史调查4.write a report on the changes in your home town 写一个有关你家乡的变化的报道5.know about the different forms of transport 对不同形式的交通工具很了解6.talk about transport at different times 讨论不同时期的交通工具7.take turns to do sth.=do sth. by turns 轮流做某事8.go to school by bike = ride a bike to school 骑自行车去学校9.wait for the next one 等下一辆车10.go to school by bus= take a bus to school= go to school on the bus乘公交车去学校11.interview sb. to get some information 为了得到些信息采访某人12.know sunshine town very well 对阳光镇很了解13.be born 出生14.move house 搬家15.in the northern part of town 在这个镇的西部16.get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb.和某人结婚17.marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人18.move two blocks away搬到两个街区以外19.live in this area 住在这个地区20.since then 自从那以后since I was born/ since last Saturday/since three days ago21.over the years 这些年over the past century 在过去的几个世纪22.in the town centre= in the centre of the town 在镇中心23.turn/change/put sth. into 把某物变成某物24.a steel factory 一个钢铁厂25.put the waste into the river 把垃圾倒入河里put down 记下put away 收好put on 穿上put off 推迟、延期26.take action to improve the situation采取行动改善这种情况27.in some ways 在某些方面on the way (to ) 在……的路上by the way 顺便说no way 没门in any way 无论如何28.most of my old friends大部分我的老朋友29.move away 搬走/move to(into) another town30.see each other as often as before像以前一样经常看到对方31.play cards and Chinese chess 打牌和下棋32.feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤单33.from time to time = at times = sometimes 有时34.because of being alone 因为独自一人35.a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼on both sides/ on each side36.interview sb.= have an interview with sb. 采访某人37.all his life 整个他的一生38.in the past 在过去at present 现在39.make some notes 做些笔记40.waste sth. on sth./ sb.浪费某物在某物/某人上41.repair over ten bicycles= repair more than ten bicycles修理超过10辆自行车42.teach sb. a lot about the history of China教我很多有关中国的历史43.talk about a film about the history of Beijing讨论一个有关北京历史的影片44.learn more about Beijing’s past and present对北京的过去和现在了解更多45.hear about/of 听说hear from sb.= receive/ get one’s letter=receive/get a letter of sb.收到某人来信46.living conditions 居住条件47.return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人48.go abroad 去国外at home or abroad 在国内外49.at primary school 在小学50.keep in touch with each other 互相保持联系51.make communication much easier使得联系更容易Communicate with sb.和某人保持联系52.take place发生（有目的有计划的）、举行happen发生(偶然发生)53.green hills all around到处都是绿山54.a river runs through the centre of town一条小河穿过镇中心55.get used to the changes of life习惯了生活的变化56.on one’s own = by oneself = alone独自57.throw rubbish 扔垃圾58.in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方59.move into new flats搬到新公寓去60.in their free time在他们业余时间61.travel around the town在镇里转转62.have their own cars= have cars of their own有他们自己的汽车e the new words to talk about my hometown用些新词来讨论我的家乡e facts to support my opinions用事实来支持我的观点【重点句型】1.There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.公共汽车上总是有太多的人，并且要花费很长时间等待下一趟。
江苏新教材牛津英语八年级下Unit1 Past and present Integrated skills
Ask and answer
(1) Where has Becky just returned from? She’s just returned from the USA. (2) When did they last see each other? About five years ago. (3) How did they keep in touch with each other? They mainly communicate by email.
flats (5)_____
Kitty is writing about Starlight Town
in his diary. Complete her diary entry
with the words in the box.
air hills bicycle birds houses modern buildings railway
(1)_______, new lake
railway station, tall (2)__________
(3)_________ buildings and new roads
Transport: bus, taxi and
(4)______ train
Living conditions: new
t
13 February Dear Diary, Today, I borrowed a book about Starlight Town’s past and present. Starlight Town was very beautiful years ago. There
were green (1)________ and wild (2)_______ hills