专题04 溯源新冠病毒：蝙蝠如何练成“百毒不侵”(解析版 )

How do bats live with so many viruses?溯源新冠病毒：蝙蝠如何练成“百毒不侵”读前导读：Part1：高级实词分类记名词类：1.outbreak/ˈaʊt.breɪk/n. 爆发搭配短语：the outbreak of the Second World War搭配短语：an outbreak of disease2.indication/ˌɪn.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/n. 标示；表明；显示3.strain/streɪn/n.（病菌的）类型；品种；（肌肉）扭伤4. trace/treɪs/ n. 痕迹；微量，少许搭配短语：a trace of smile一丝微笑a trace of accent一点儿口音a trace of emotion一丝感情5.host/hoʊst/v. 提供场所、环境；n. 主人；房主，屋主；主持人；主办方；宿主6.mammal/ˈmæm.əl/n. 哺乳动物7.invasion/ɪnˈveɪ.ʒən/n. 入侵，侵略anism/ˈɔːr.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/n. 生物体；（尤指）微生物9.inflammation/ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/n. 炎（症）10.sense n. 意思；感官11.alliance/əˈlaɪ.əns/n. 联盟，联合形容词和副词1.previous以前的2.eventually最后3.disease-causing致病的4.normally正常地5.damaging破坏性的6.weakened削弱7.balanced平衡的8.current现在的9.essential本质的10.equally同样地动词1.trace/treɪs/v. 追溯；查明…的起因；2.host/hoʊst/v. 提供场所、环境；3.float/floʊt/v. 漂浮；飘散4.curtail/kɚˈteɪl/v. 限制；缩短；减缩Part2：高级词汇拓展1.indication/ˌɪn.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/n. 标示；表明；显示indicate（v. 指出，表明）2.invasion/ɪnˈveɪ.ʒən/n. 入侵，侵略invade v. 侵犯，入侵anism/ˈɔːr.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/n. 生物体；（尤指）微生物organize v 组织；（古）形成有机体4.inflammation/ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/n. 炎（症）flame n. 火焰；v. 气得脸涨红inflame v.让...激动；让...更生气Part3：高级短语荟萃1.handle something called DNA sensing.处理一种叫做DNA感应的东西。

2.energy demands of flight飞行能量需求3.release bits of DNA释放少量DNA4.respond to回应5.indicate an invasion of提示入侵6. a disease-causing organism致病的有机体7.weaken that system削弱这个体系8.be very damaging to the body对身体伤害很大9. a weakened response反应减弱10.maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’保持“有效反应”的平衡状态Part4：原汁文章思维能力提升训练If previous outbreaks of coronavirus are any indication, the Wuhan strain that is now spreading may eventually be traced back to bats.One bat can host many different viruses without getting sick.In a 2018 paper in Cell Host and Microbe, scientists in China and Singapore reported their investigation of how bats handle something called DNA sensing.The energy demands of flight are so great that cells in the body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldn’t be. Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA, which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism. But in bats, they found, evolution has weakened that system, which would normally cause inflammation as it fought the viruses.Bats have lost some genes involved in that response, which makes sense because the inflammation itself can be very damaging to the body. They have a weakened response, but it is still there. Thus, the researchers write, this weakened response may allow them to maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’ but not ‘over response’ against viruses.”Scientists in China were already studying the bats carefully, well aware that an outbreak like the current one would most likely happen.Dr. Peter Daszak, president of Eco Health Alliance, who has been working in China for 15years studying diseases that jump from animals to people, stressed that stopping the sale of wildlife in markets is essential to curtail future outbreaks. But monitoring and studying wildlife, like bats, is equally important.1、What does the word “inflammation”mean？[ UC ] a condition in which a part of the body becomes red, sore and swollen because of infection or injury 发炎；炎症2、What does DNA sensing mean?cells in bats’ body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldn’t be. Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA, which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism.3. How to curtail future outbreaks of similar viruses?stopping the sale of wildlife in markets is essential to curtail future outbreaks. But monitoring andstudying wildlife, like bats, is equally important.4.Why do bats not die of the deadly viruses in its body?this weakened response may allow them to maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’ but not ‘over response’ against viruses.”Part5：报刊复杂句式剖析。

1.Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA, which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism.翻译：包括蝙蝠在内的所有哺乳动物，都有办法识别这些DNA 片段，并做出反应，（因为机体会认为）这些片段或许标志着，某种引发疾病的微生物在入侵。

解析：本句是一个主从复合句。

主句为：Mammals have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA. 其中定语从句：which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism.修饰先行词：such bits of DNA.2. But in bats, they found, evolution has weakened that system, which would normally cause inflammation as it fought the viruses.翻译：然而研究人员发现，进化过程弱化了蝙蝠体内的这一系统，通常来说，这一系统会让机体在对抗病毒时，产生炎症。