动词ing的被动语态
高中动词ing形式的被动语态教案
教学过程一、复习预习一、概念1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种,分别可作：主语、宾语、表语; 动名词定语、状语、宾/主语补足语现在分词注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.其各种形式如下表：被动式用法及种类当v-in g与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时,要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done; V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种;二、知识讲解考点/易错点1动名词的被动式动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,且在句中只表被动,不表进行;1、作主语So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事;Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事;Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害;The president’s being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果;2、作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语;He was afraid of _________________ abandon by did it without ___________ ask You can’t eat anything before _____________operate onI remember having been told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲;What I hate most is ________________ laugh atThe problem is for from _______________ settle注意：①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时,常用其一般式being done,不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时,若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生,可用其完成式having been done;如：I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会;②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时,其特点是只表被动,不表进行;③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时,有时可采用其复合结构形式,即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done;如：Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶;The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新证据的发现导致他被捕;现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语,一般不作状语除个别情形例外；在句中既表被动又表进行.1、作宾补现在分词的被动式being done作宾补时,表示正在进行的被动的动作,常与感官动词连用;I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.You’ll find the topic _______________ discuss everywhere now.As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ build注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成.2、作定语现在分词的被动式being done作定语时时,表示正在进行的被动的动作;The meeting ______________ discuss now is very important.He asked who was the girl _____________ operateon in the operating room.注意：①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时,表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作;如：a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议a meeting heldyesterday 昨天举行的会议a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议②现在分词的被动完成式having been done 不能做定语和宾补;The building having been built last year ×The building built last year √We found him having been killed. ×We found him killed √考点/易错点2现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系,且此分词动作明确地发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间或持续发生多次时可用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语;Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.被领着参观了教室后,我们又被带着参观了实验室;Having been told the news, they put off the trip.被告知此消息后,他们取消了这次旅;Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldn’t recognize each other. 因战争而分离多年后,他们都认不出对方了;Having been told many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.尽管被告知多次了,那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做;注意：①若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构;The work having been done,they left the office.All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home.②在这种独立主格结构中,用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大;而为了简洁,习惯采用过去分词形式,如上面两句常表达成：The work done,they left the office.All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：二者作状语时,都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系,区别不大,可以互换;但是在这种情况下,为了简洁,还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语;Asked=Having been asked to work overtime,I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班,我错过了一场精彩的电影;Polluted =Having been polluted seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发或持续一段时间还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语,但终归区别还是不大;Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.尽管被告诉了多次,他还是犯同样的错误;考点/易错点3动名词的主动形式表被动意义①在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义;②在beworth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义;His suggestion is worth considering.③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语;如：We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟We don’t allow students to smoke here.我们不允许学生抽烟三、例题精析例题1题干_______ to sunlight for too much tim e will do harm to one’s skin. 上海, 2002 A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposeD. After being exposed答案C解析本句中expose与one's skin是动宾关系,根据句意,应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下,所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语,故答案为C;例题2题干The bird ___ escaped. I didn’t mind at home.答案being caught being left解析V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语;例题3题干_________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. Been toldD. Telling答案A解析先被告诉了故事的内容再决定不去看电影,分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前四、课堂运用基础1. ________ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.A. Having toldB. Having been toldC. TellD. Telling2.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch答案：A C解析：1.动名词的完成被动式表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前;2.被抓住,所以用动名词的一般被动式巩固1.________ many times, he finally understood it.B. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told2. Your car needs ____________fill. 你这车要充气This city deserves _____________visit. 这座城市值得光顾一下;The problem requires ___________ studycarefully.这个问题需要认真研究;The trees want ___________ water.这些树需要浇水了;答案：2．filling visiting studying watering解析：1尽管被告诉了多次,他还是犯同样的错误;被告诉发生在犯错误之前2.在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义;拔高1. __________ by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.A. Having been misunderstood misunderstoodC. Having understoodD. Misunderstood2. Tony was very unhappy for _________ to the party. 2000, 上海A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invite3The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _________ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched 答案：解析：现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语,当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系,且此分词动作明确地发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间或持续发生多次时可用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语;课程小结1、V-ing的一般被动式being done可作主语、宾语、表语、后置定语、补语,一般不作状语; 作主语、宾语、表语时是动名词的用法,只表被动不表进行；作后置定语、宾/主补语时是现在分词的用法,既表被动又表进行;2、现在分词的被动完成式having been done,只表被动不表进行,可作宾语和状语,表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作;3、V-ing的一般被动式being done一般不用作状语,因为过去分词形式已经替代它作了状语;所以像这句话：Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.这种表达不常见,习惯性表达是把Being去掉, 而且这种表达也不作为考试测试中的依据;课后作业基础请看下列句子,看看动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分;1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2. He didn’t mind being left at home.3. That building being repaired is our library.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away巩固将下列句子翻译成英语;1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑;2. 这问题远远没有解决;3. 没有谁请他做,是他自己做的;4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西;5. 既然已做出了决定,下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划;拔高改错Losing in thought, he went to home at night. Walking on a dark road, His head was hit by a fallen glass. His head was badly injured. Having suffering the great pain, he went to the hospital at once. Having trained for a week, he wentill. Now he still regrets to walk carelessly.答案基础1主语2宾语3定语4状语5状语巩固1. He could not bear being made fun of like that.2. This question is far from being settled.3. He did it without being asked.4. You can’t eat anything before being operated on.5. The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a goodplan拔高.1. losing--- lost2. he walking3. having 删除4. having been trained5. walking。
动词 ing
5. I noticed that some people were taken to the police station.
I noticed some people being taken to the police station.
Exercise
句型转换(改成带 形式被动结构的简单句) 句型转换 改成带-ing形式被动结构的简单句 改成带 形式被动结构的简单句 1. The hotel which is being built now beside the park was designed by a group of young men.
动词的-ing形式 形式 动词的 熟读深思 熟读以下各句, 注意划线部分, 并思考： 熟读以下各句 注意划线部分 并思考： 动词-ing有哪几种构成形式？ 有哪几种构成形式？ △动词 有哪几种构成形式 动词-ing在句中可作哪些句子成分？ 在句中可作哪些句子成分？ △动词 在句中可作哪些句子成分 动词-ing形式还像谓语动词一样可以 △动词 形式还像谓语动词一样可以 带宾语或状语吗？ 带宾语或状语吗？
The whole classroom having been cleaned, the students went home happily.
3. 在want、need、deserve、require、repay、 、 、 、 、 、 bear、take等动词及形容词 等动词及形容词worth后，习惯用动 、 等动词及形容词 后 的主动形式表示被动意义， 词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“to be 的主动形式表示被动意义 相当于“ done"。如： 。 The house wants cleaning．这房屋需要打扫。 ．这房屋需要打扫。 My watch needs repairing．我的手表需要修理。 ．我的手表需要修理。 The way deserves mentioning． ． 这个方法值得一提。 这个方法值得一提。 These young trees will require looking after carefully．这些小树需要细心照顾。 ．这些小树需要细心照顾。 The film is worth seeing． ． 这部影片值得一看。 这部影片值得一看。
动词-ing形式小结
动词-ing形式小结动词-ing形式概述v.-ing 形式包括传统语法的现在分词和动名词两部分，像动词不定式一样，它既具有动词时态和语态的特征，又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。
动词-ing形式的时态、语态主动语态被动语态一般式 writing being written完成式 having written having been written否定式 not writingv.-ing形式的一般式V.-ing形式的一般式的构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词动作的同时、之前或之后。
用来泛指动作，没有时间的区分。
Seeking after knowledge is human nature．求知是人的本性。
Travelling abroad can widen one’s outlook．出国旅游会扩大人们的视野。
Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth．吃太多的巧克力对你的牙齿有害。
My favourite sport is playing table tennis．我最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。
行为与主要动作同时发生，表示伴随。
The students came into the classroom laughing and talking．学生们又说又笑地走进了教室。
As she saw me，she came over smiling．她看到我时，笑容可掬地走过来。
Doing the washing up，Connie was planning her holiday．康妮在洗碗的时刻盘算着怎样度假。
行为在主要动作之前或之后。
Antonio remembered sending his mother an email three times last month．安东尼记得上个月给他母亲发了三次电子邮件．(在前)Mr. Lee went out shutting the door behind him．李先生出去后将门随手关上。
动词ing的被动形式
动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。
从时态上讲，动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种，即being done和having been done.动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、和宾补；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作宾补、定语、表语和状语。
一，动词－ing形式的一般式和完成式1.一般式表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
That building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座大楼是我们的图书馆。
She insisted on being given the hardest work. 她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。
2.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
Having bee invited, Mr Li went there to make a speech though he was busy.被邀请后，李先生尽管很忙，还是去了那儿做了演讲。
I appreciated having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。
二，动词－ing形式被动式的否定形式，是在其前面加not.He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。
三，动名词的被动形式1.当动名词的逻辑主语是这个动名词所表示的动作的承受者时，动名词一般要用被动形式。
Being exposed to the nuclear radiation for long will do great harm to one’s health.长时间暴露在核辐射下会对人体健康造成很大的伤害。
The girl was annoyed by being left alone.让她一个人待着，这个女孩很恼火。
动词的ing形式
动词的-ing形式动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。
可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类A.动词-ing形式的一般式主动语态为动词+ing 被动语态为being+动词过去分词1. 动词-ing形式的一般式主动形式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。
2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。
She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。
3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。
I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。
B. 动词-ing形式的完成式动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。
I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。
-ing分词的语态
及物动词的-ing分词有主动语态和被动语态两种形式:主动语态形式表示-ing分词说明的名词或代词是它表示的动作的执行者，被动语态形式表示-ing分词说明的名词或代词是它表示的动作的承受者。
被动语态-ing分词也有两种体貌形式:一般体和完成体。
被动语态一般体-ing分词由助动词be的一般体-ing分词being加主动词的-en形式构成，通常表示限定动词表示的时间的同时的动作，也可以表示限定动词表示的时间之前的动作。
例如:Tracy was furious at being denied admittance.Do you know the boy being questioned by the policeman?Being asked (=Having been asked) t o say something, he has to stand up.被动语态完成体-ing分词由助动词be的完成体-ing分词havingbeen加主动词的-en形式构成，表示限定动词表示的时间之前的动作。
例如:I could not recall having been told about that before.Having been asked to join them, I couldn’t very well refuse.普通动词get的-ing分词也可以用作-ing分词的被动语态助动词。
例如:It was difficult getting acquainted with her.I wouldn’t take the slightest risk of getting trapped inside.-ing分词的主动语态和被动语态有时可以转换，但需注意-ing分词的逻辑主语。
例如:I don’t mind you criticizing me.→I don’t mind being criticized.Nancy can’t bear anybody laughing at her.→Nancy can’t bear being laughed at.-ing分词的被动语态形式比主动语态形式复杂，因此在不致引起误解的情况下常常用主动语态形式表示被动意义，有时还必须用主动语态形式表示被动意义:1.作形容词worth的宾语时，必须用主动语态形式表示被动意义。
动词ing的被动语态
动词i n g的被动语态集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）动词i n g形式的被动结构动词ing形式包括动名词和现在分词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。
一、动名词的被动语态1．当动名词逻辑上的主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词一般要用它的被动式。
He can't stand being laughed at. 他忍受不了被别人嘲笑。
So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. 因此那时给鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
2．动名词的主动形式表被动含义(1)在want，need，require，deserve等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。
The radio needs repairing.＝The radio needs to be repaired. 这台收音机需要修理了。
(2)be worth后常跟动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。
The book is worth reading again.＝The book is worthy of being read again. 这本书值得再读一遍。
My pen needs filling. 我的笔该上墨水了The point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得提一下二、现在分词的被动语态其构成为being/having been＋过去分词。
如果现在分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则应用现在分词的被动形式。
The building being built is our library. 正在被建的这座楼是我们的图书馆。
Having been given the good chance，how could I give it up？既然给了这么好的机会，我又怎么能放弃？注意：当分词所表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生或正在进行，则用being＋过去分词；当分词所表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生则用having been＋过去分词。
英语语法动词-ing
• 注：下面几种情况多用不定式作宾语： • a. 当start, begin本身用于进行时态时。 • When the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his parents. • b. 当start, begin后接表示心理活动的动词时。 • Hearing the news, he started to think of a good way to solve the problem. • c. 当句子的主语是无生命的东西时。 • We were about to leave when it began to rain.
6) 动词-ing作补语：
• ①动词-ing可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代 词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如： • I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. • Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop. • ②上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，动词 -ing可看成是主语补语。如： • We were kept waiting for quite a long time. • Lily was never heard singing that song again.
• 5. 有些动词既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing， 含义有所不同。如： • ①forget, remember, regret等如： • Do you remember seeing me before? 你记 得以前见过我吗？ • Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。
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动词ing形式的被动结构
动词ing形式包括动名词和现在分词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。
一、动名词的被动语态
1．当动名词逻辑上的主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词一般要用它的被动式。
He can't stand being laughed at. 他忍受不了被别人嘲笑。
So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. 因此那时给鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
2．动名词的主动形式表被动含义
(1)在want，need，require，deserve等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。
The radio needs repairing.
＝The radio needs to be repaired. 这台收音机需要修理了。
(2)be worth后常跟动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。
The book is worth reading again.
＝The book is worthy of being read again. 这本书值得再读一遍。
My pen needs filling. 我的笔该上墨水了
The point deserves mentioning. 这一点值得提一下
二、现在分词的被动语态
其构成为being/having been＋过去分词。
如果现在分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则应用现在分词的被动形式。
The building being built is our library. 正在被建的这座楼是我们的图书馆。
Having been given the good chance，how could I give it up？既然给了这么好的机会，我又怎么能放弃？
注意：当分词所表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生或正在进行，则用being＋过去分词；当分词所表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生则用having been＋过去分词。
(1)作定语
That building being repaired is our library.正在翻修的那座楼是我们的图书馆
He asked who was the man being operated on.他问这时动手术的人是谁
(2)构成复合结构
You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题
He often watched the boated being unloaded. 他常常看轮船卸货
(3)作状语
Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.
有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝
Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 有一堵厚墙掩护着，他们感到很安全
有时还有完成被动形式：
Having been given such a good chance, how could se let it slip away?
人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？
The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.
决议既已做出，下个问题就是如何制定一个好的规划了
【链接训练】
1.________，we were taken to see the library.
A．We had been shown around the classrooms B．Being shown around the classrooms C．Having been shown around the classrooms D．Having shown around the classrooms
2.________ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience. A．Having caught B．Being caught C．Caught D．Having been caught
3.Wild animals ________ and killed at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A．hunt B．are hunting C．are being hunted D．had been hunted
4.What worried me most was ________ to go abroad alone.
A．my not allowing B．having not allowed
C．my not being allowed D．my being not allowed
5.Research ________ out supports my idea that our company should take action in no time.
A．to carry B．carrying C．being carried D．having carried
6. in a famous university is what most students wish for.
A. To educate
B. Educated
C. Being educated
D. Educating世纪金榜世纪
7. The little girl sat on the ground, ______.
A. cried
B. cry
C. crying
D. cries
8. Victor apologized for _________ to inform me of the change in the plan. .
A. his being not able
B. his not being able
C. him not to be
D. him to be not able
9 _____ her picture book _____ open on the chair, Mary went out for lunch.
A. Leaving, lay
B. Left, lying
C. Left, laid
D. Leaving, lying
10. ---Where were you yesterday? I didn’t find you _____ the concert!
---I had not been informed of _____ a concert.
A. attend; there to be
B. attending; there being
C. attended; there be
D. to attend; there been
11. I remembered_______the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking
B. to lock
C. having locked
D. to have locked
12._____an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based
B. Basing
C. Base
D. To base
13. ___ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Being bitten
B. Bitten
C. Having bitten
D. To be bitten
14. ________ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told
B. Telling
C. Having told
D. Having been told
答案1-5.CBCCC 6~10 CCBDB
11. 【解析】选D。
Remember后面既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，如果选择A，这与后面的before I left the office是相矛盾的，只能选择答案A. C 和D 都是完成时，他们表示比主句动词发生的时间更早，没有必要。
12.【解析】选B。
非谓语动词—动词现在分词做状语，动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故选B项。
13. 解析】选A。
考查现在分词作状语，此处表原因，并且the postman和bite的关系为被动。
14. 【解析】选D 考查非谓语的用法。
tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系，所以用having been done 来表示被动和完成。