chapter16 May8102 lipsomes
小学上册第十四次英语第2单元期末试卷
小学上册英语第2单元期末试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.We made a fort out of ______.2.The chemical formula for carbon monoxide is __________.3.The _____ (喷雾) can help keep pests away.4. A chemical that donates electrons is an ______.5.How many players are on a rugby union team?A. 13B. 14C. 15D. 166.Trees provide ______ for many animals in the forest. (树木为森林中的许多动物提供栖息地。
)7.The girl loves to ________.8.The country of Bhutan is located in the ________ (喜马拉雅山脉).9.The clock shows ______ (five) o'clock.10.She enjoys ________ (cooking) for family.11.She has a _____ (新) dress.12.The ancient Greeks made advancements in ________ and philosophy.13.How many notes are there in a musical scale?A. 5B. 7C. 10D. 12答案:B14.Did you see that _____ (小狗) chasing a squirrel?15.The flowers are ______ beautifully in the garden. (blooming)16.What is the name of the famous clock tower in London?A. Big BenB. Eiffel TowerC. Statue of LibertyD. Colosseum答案:A17.Each toy has a story that makes it ________ (形容词) to me.18.I saw a ________ in the sky.19. A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction is called a ______.20.I love to go to ______ with my family.21.What do you call a story that is not true?A. BiographyB. FictionC. Non-fictionD. History答案:B22.The ________ (discussion) promotes understanding.23.What do we call the imaginary line that divides the Earth into Northern and Southern hemispheres?A. EquatorB. Prime MeridianC. Tropic of CancerD. Tropic of Capricorn24.What is the capital of France?A. ParisB. BerlinC. RomeD. Madrid25.The stars are _______ (很亮)。
【美联英语】双语阅读：我们是糖,甜到哀伤
小编给你一个美联英语官方免费试听课申请链接：/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0美联英语提供：我们是糖，甜到哀伤Today, the sun is particularly large, I went to the East Campus make up classes, through the construction of the road when the bridge, suddenly found Xu low head, tightly behind me. "Do you have anything to help me?" I turned around and asked him. "No, thank you.I just like to walk in the shade of the sun," he said politely. I continued to move forward, he ran away, turned around the corner, I heard him and a bunch of boys laughter. Later learned that they are a group of boys to play really big adventure, who lost, then come to ridicule me. From the bridge down when my tears are down, I am not sad Xu An ridicule me, I was sad Why do you drink long meat. - Lin Jiahui BlogWe are sugar, sweet to sad 17 years old, in Linjiahui primary school entrance there is a rose shop, opposite the flower shop has a small candy shop, there is a whole shelves of cotton candy, colorful installed in the transparent Bottle and jar, she likes that delicate and delicate feeling, in his mouth, my heart is full of sweet and soft.At that time Lin Jiahui like a boy, is their class, called Xu, he always took his littlegirlfriend in the opposite of the rose flower shop, his little girlfriend is low grade, looks particularly cute, like Is a candy. In fact, Xu also said Lin Jiahui looks like a candy it, but cotton candy, fat greasy, like lard, so he called her lard sister. She was so sad, why he always so annoying, obviously know her body like a teapot, which pot is not open to mention which pot.But Xu An is really good for his little girlfriend, every time to go to the candy shop, can see his arms around her, her arms around the flowers, all the way to laugh, he always stopped to kiss her Hair, her tall, to his eyes, hair is also very long, straight to the shoulder. Lin Jiahui Xu like to like long hair girls, so also deposited hair, but her hair dry roll, like a haystack.Lin Jiahui has 7 weeks do not eat candy, and she wants to lose weight, although she clearly know the distance between his little girl and his friends, she was fourteen centimeters higher than Lin Jiahui, Lin Jiahui her twenty eight Kg, but she is still very hard. Also, she does not eat candy because she wants to save money, she knows there is a weight loss drug seems to be very effective, but also seems to be expensive. She hopes that one day he can become very thin and thin, and then you can stand in front of Xu Ang said to me, I like you. Rather than as it is now, like him, but only far away from him, afraid he went to her behind, with her shadow to ridicule her.2.These days I have been dodging Xu, the result today and he sat a double bus, the car was particularly large, he and his little girl was squeezed tightly together, he arm up to protect her , Like the primary school textbooks painted chicken mother. The conductor kept shouting: "Do not squeeze up, no place to stand ... ..." He also saw me, and I smiled at me, I am very sad, get off, the door shut, I Also heard him learn the conductor said: "fast, fast, but also on the three ... ..." Then his little girl giggle laughter. Watching the bus like a fat man than I was the same, staggering away, and I walked along the sidewalk to school, all the way to go, all the way to cry. - Lin Jiahui BlogFor some time, Lin Jiahui every day to run, she felt that she has lost a little bit, because she has been wearing that pair of jeans recently seems too big waist, but with the dormitory girls said, because the weather is warm, she No longer wear cashmere pants reasons, she was sad, but she is not discouraged, she is to lose a cashmere pants fat.Once in the evening study, Lin Jiahui went to the playground to run, he met Xu An, he and her little girlfriend sitting in the small house behind the sports equipment to speak quietly, he kept kissing her, she pushed him ... ... Lin Jiahui head down quickly ran over, she saw the dark moonlight in the shadow of their own pullon the ground, staggering, like a careless person hanging on the bamboo pole, forget to take back the clothes at night, in the wind In the floating so desolate.The next afternoon, Lin Jiahui saw the notice posted at the entrance of the Office of the notice, Xu and his little girlfriend in the playground thing was the school know, stay in school to see. When the school, he was blocked in the station below Lin Jiahui, and he asked her, is not you to tell the secret, yesterday's playground only you a person, you go, students will come over the people. Lin Jiahui did not speak, he asked her, is not my old curse you lard sister, you revenge me. Lin Jiahui does not speak. He fiercely pushed her about, scolded a "dead fat sister" ran away. She saw his back to go out far better, only squatting to the ground, cry out loud. Lin Jiahui is like this, like a shell, met things, put himself tightly locked up, others knocking on the outside, do not explain, will only be more tight.3.Today, the school organization to the spring tour, in the zoo, there are several students curious to ask the administrator: "When did you come to a camel in your garden?" I said next: "This is not a camel, this is my last year When the spring ride to ride the horse. "Students rushing to laugh. Just Xu mixed in the crowd, no laugh. I remember when he used to ridicule me, laugh so loud, and now, I ridicule myself, but also for him to laugh. - Lin Jiahui BlogAfter that thing, Xu An and his little girlfriend separated, there are several times, Lin Jiahui saw him in the playground, a person sitting on a large lawn smoking. She looked at his back far, with him sad. She wrote a lot of letters in her blog to him, want to tell him that he did not sell him, but he can not see.His little girlfriend later fell in love, is a student of the boys, tall and big, always holding a basketball running around, she sat on the basketball field every day to help him see the clothes. Sometimes, Xu An sitting near her place, between a runway and a layer of crooked broken wire. Lin Jiahui looked at them far, remembered at the door of the rose shop, he was ringing her, she was like a flower, sweet as candy two people.Lin Jiahui finally bought the diet pills, but the drug is so strange, after eating on the stomach, Lin Jiahui every day in the toilet and the classroom between the run to run, really thin, really do not know is running thin, or Pull thin. She would like to own by 10 kilograms, then you can stand in front of Xu, said to him, I like you! But now, she would like to lose their own bones, he will not forgive her.4.Today, Xu An class late, he drank drunk to run over, the classroom door closed,he kicked the door kicked a hole (God knows where he came so much effort), and then in the whole class laughter, from the The cave to crawl in, while climbing also said to himself: "how this door so small ... ..." laughter waves after a wave, even the teachers are followed by laughing, I remembered Xu Xian had ridiculed me Of the time, is also such a laugh. I do not know whether they should also follow the smile, be revenge, but I can not laugh at all, looking at the front of the boys, I secretly like a year and six months and six days of the boys, I suddenly wanted to cry, Cry in the laughter of the whole world. - Lin Jiahui BlogXu Yan came to Lin Jiahui, Valentine's Day has been more than a month, the candy shop in front of the chocolate began to discount, he was holding a glass full of glass jar standing below the stop waiting for her. The first sentence is, Lin Jiahui, I'm sorry. Lin Jiahui does not speak. He said, I know that you are not secret, the original she and I when the contacts, but also with the other boys exchanges, that day we went to the stadium, the boys secretly followed, he is the student union. Lin Jiahui does not speak. He put the chocolate in front of her said, I saw your blog in the network community, you like me right?Lin Jiahui said, sorry, I do not like discounted chocolate.She turned away and she tried to lose weight, because she felt that she was particularly elegant, like a proud angel.She still did not ride, all the way to kick back and forth, she thought, maybe run their own is really an angel it. Ran out so far, only to find Xu and in the back chase over, holding a glass jar full of glass jar, then the moonlight, like a slice of lemon, a slight fragrance, Lin Jiahui thought, he Should not want to walk in the shade of the sun shine itSo, it stopped.今天太阳特别大，我去东校区补课，穿过建设路的天桥的时候，突然发现许安低着脑袋，紧紧地跟在我身后。
我做了一个选择 写一篇英语作文初中生
我做了一个选择写一篇英语作文初中生全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1A Choice That Changed My LifeIt all started one sunny afternoon after school. I was walking home from the bus stop like any other day, kicking a rock along the cracked sidewalk and daydreaming about the upcoming summer vacation. As I approached my house, I noticed my mom's car in the driveway. That was weird - she usually wasn't home from work until after 6pm.I opened the front door and dropped my backpack on the floor with a thud. "Mom? I'm home!" I called out, wondering if everything was okay. She appeared in the hallway with a strange look on her face - part sadness, part excitement."Hey sweetie, come in the living room for a minute. We need to talk about something important," she said solemnly. My heart started racing. Was someone sick? Were we moving again? Thoughts raced through my mind as I followed her into the living room and plopped down on the couch.Mom took a deep breath. "Your father and I...well, we're getting a divorce," she blurted out. I felt like I had been punched in the stomach. A divorce? My parents always seemed so happy together. How could this be happening?She went on to explain that they had been having problems for a long time, and had tried counseling, but it just wasn't working out. The spark was gone. They still cared about each other, but not in that way anymore. Most importantly, she emphasized over and over that it wasn't my fault at all.I nodded blankly, trying to process this earth-shattering news. My mind was swirling. What did this mean for our family? Where would Dad live? Would I have to switch schools? Split holidays? A million questions bounced around my head."There's one more thing," Mom continued, snapping me out of my daze. "Since your father got that new job clear across town, we've decided it's best if he...moves out. And you'll have a choice to make."My eyes widened. A choice? What did she mean?"You can either stay here with me, or move to the new place with your dad," she said, her voice cracking slightly. "It's totallyup to you, and we'll support whatever you decide. Just think it over carefully."And with that, the weight of the biggest decision of my young life came crashing down on my shoulders. Stay or go? Mom or Dad? This familiar house and neighborhood, or an unknown new place? How could I possibly choose between my two parents?Over the next few days, I prayed for some brilliant insight, but none came. I agonized over the pros and cons, but they seemed equally weighted. Both options felt utterly wrong, but one of them had to be slightly more right...right?Finally, I realized this was one of those crossroads in life where there is no perfect answer. I just had to go with my gut and make the best decision I could.After lots of tears, sleepless nights, and heart-to-heart talks with my parents, I made my choice. I decided to stay with my mom.Don't get me wrong, I love my dad with all my heart. He's hilarious, smart, a great teacher, and always been there for me. But my mom and I have a once-in-a-lifetime bond. We just...get each other.I knew篇2A Choice That Changed My LifeIt's crazy to think how one little choice can completely change the course of your life. That's what happened to me last year when I had to decide whether to try out for the school basketball team or not. It may seem like a small thing, but that single decision ended up impacting me in ways I never could have imagined.I've always loved basketball ever since I was a little kid dribbling one of those tiny kid balls around the driveway. As I got older, I'd spend hours outside shooting hoops dreaming of one day becoming a professional player. But the truth is, I was never that naturally gifted or athletic compared to some of the other kids. I was decent, but nothing special.When tryouts were announced in 6th grade, part of me desperately wanted to go for it. Being on the school team was a big deal and something I'd fantasized about for years. But another part of me was absolutely terrified. What if I embarrassed myself and didn't make the team? What if the otherplayers were way better than me? My confidence was pretty shaky back then.After going back and forth about it a million times, I finally decided to take the risk and try out. My parents and friends encouraged me, reminding me that I'd regret not even giving it a shot. So with a mix of nervous anticipation and excited determination, I showed up for the first day of tryouts.The process was pretty grueling, with lots of running, dribbling drills, and scrimmages over the course of a week. By the end of it, I was physically and mentally exhausted. I had played my heart out but still wasn't sure if I'd done enough to make the cut.When the roster was posted, I could hardly believe my eyes. My name was on the list! The feeling of pride and accomplishment was indescribable. All those years of hard work and persistence had paid off in the best way possible.Being on the team that year was one of the greatest experiences of my life so far. Yeah, the practices were tough and some of the games didn't go our way. But I loved every minute of it – the camaraderie with my teammates, the thrill of competition, and the lessons I learned about discipline and teamwork.More importantly though, making that choice to try out gave me a huge confidence boost that resonated through all areas of my life from that point on. If I could overcome my fears and insecurities to make the basketball team against the odds, I knew I could accomplish anything I set my mind to.Since then, I've tried out for lots of other teams and activities instead of automatically talking myself out of it beforehand. I put myself out there more, raised my hand in class, and stepped outside my comfort zone. Doors opened for me that never would have if I had listened to those nagging doubts that held me back before.Now I truly believe that life is about taking chances and being brave enough to go after what you want, despite the risks. You'll never know what you're capable of unless you take that leap of faith first. One decision can redirect your whole path and change your trajectory forever.So I'm grateful every single day that 12-year-old me decided to bet on myself that one time. It made all the difference and taught me to always keep challenging myself. Because really, what's the worst that can happen? You might just surprise yourself and open up more possibilities than you ever dreamed of.篇3I Made a ChoiceHave you ever had to make a really tough choice? I'm talking about the kind of choice that could change your life forever. Well, I recently had to make one of those choices, and let me tell you, it wasn't easy.It all started a few months ago when my best friend, Jenny, invited me to join her new club. She was super excited about it and kept going on and on about how much fun it was going to be. At first, I wasn't really interested. I mean, I already had a lot on my plate with school, soccer practice, and my part-time job at the local ice cream shop.But Jenny can be really persuasive when she wants to be. She kept bugging me about it until I finally caved and said I'd at least check it out. Little did I know that one small decision would lead me down a path I never could have imagined.The club turned out to be this weird group that was obsessed with some old video game from the 90s. I'm talking about the kind of game where the graphics look like something out of a prehistoric cave painting. Honestly, it didn't seem like my kind of thing at all.But then something strange happened. The more I hung out with the other club members, the more I started to get into the game. Sure, the graphics were terrible, but the gameplay was actually really challenging and addictive. Before I knew it, I was staying up late at night, trying to beat the next level.Things started to spiral out of control pretty quickly. I stopped hanging out with my other friends, my grades started to slip, and I even quit my job at the ice cream shop because I didn't have time for it anymore. All I cared about was that stupid video game and the club.My parents were furious. They kept telling me I needed to get my priorities straight, but I just couldn't seem to shake my obsession. That's when they gave me an ultimatum: either I quit the club, or they were going to ground me for the rest of the year.I was devastated. On one hand, I knew they were probably right. I was letting this silly game take over my life, and it was affecting everything else that was important to me. But on the other hand, I had made so many new friends in the club, and I didn't want to let them down.It was one of the toughest choices I've ever had to make. In the end, I decided to quit the club. It wasn't easy, and I'll admitthat I cried a lot during that period. But deep down, I knew it was the right thing to do.Looking back on it now, I'm so glad I made that choice. Sure, I missed out on some fun times with the club, but I was able to get my life back on track. My grades improved, I got my job back at the ice cream shop, and I even rejoined the soccer team.More importantly, I learned a valuable lesson about balance and moderation. It's okay to have hobbies and interests outside of school and work, but you can't let them consume your entire life. Everything in moderation, as they say.So, the next time you're faced with a tough choice, take a step back and really think about what's best for you in the long run. It might be painful in the moment, but trust me, you'll be glad you made the right choice.篇4A Choice I MadeThere I was, just a kid in middle school, facing one of the biggest decisions of my young life so far. It was time to choose which elective classes to take for the next school year. Somemight think it's not that big of a deal, but to me it felt like the weight of the world was on my shoulders.You see, I've always been a bit of an overachiever. My parents have high expectations, and honestly, I put even more pressure on myself to excel at everything. So picking the "right" classes felt crucial. I made lists of pros and cons, talked to my friends and teachers, and lay awake at night agonizing over it.The choices were art, music, theatre, computer programming, robotics, and foreign language. Each one had its appeal, but also its drawbacks in my overly analytical tween mind. Let me break it down for you.Art class would let me tap into my creative side and finally put those killer doodling skills to use. But what if I wasn't actually good at "real" art? I didn't want to be laughed at for my terrible drawings.Music was tempting since I loved singing along to my favorite songs. However, I worried I might get stuck with an instrument I hated like the tuba or accordion. No one wants to lug around a giant case every day.Theatre allowed you to actually perform in school plays and musicals, which seemed really cool. But the idea of being onstage in front of a huge audience also terrified me. What if I froze up or flubbed all my lines?Computer programming and robotics screamed "future high-paying career!" which was definitely appealing. Though I'll admit I found coding to be mind-numbingly dull at times in the few experiences I'd had with it so far. Would I just be forcing myself through hours of boredom for years?Foreign language was practical since the world is so globalized these days. But between Spanish, French, German, Chinese, and the other options, I agonized over which one to choose. Plus, I'm terrible at rolling my r's which could really hold me back in some of those languages.As you can see, I went back and forth a million times, changing my mind every five seconds it seemed. My friends didn't make it any easier either.Sarah was adamant that art was the only way to go. "Think of all the fun projects we'd get to do! You can really let your creativity flow," she gushed. As my best friend, she knew I lived for any chance to wield art supplies.Mary insisted on theatre so we could live out our dream of starring in a Broadway musical together. She'd already planned the perfectly choreographed dance routines for us.The boys in our friend group—Mike, Jake, and Chris—lobbied hard for the STEM options of programming and robotics. According to them, those skills were the keys to getting rich and having a successful future.Amy wanted to take French because she thought it sounded so beautiful and romantic. Allison disagreed, arguing that Spanish was way more useful since it's so widely spoken.I even had one friend, Emma, who begged me to join her for beginner's German. Something about wanting to embrace her heritage or something.Everybody had an opinion, but ultimately the choice was up to me alone. My poor pre-teen brain was spinning with indecision.Finally, after weeks of delirious flip-flopping, I made my choice: music. It just seemed to call to me the most, igniting a spark of joy and creativity that the other options couldn't match.The day the elective schedules were released, I anxiously scanned the list to see my new music class. To my delight, I wasenrolled in beginner's band...and my instrument was the flute! A wave of relief washed over me.Not only did I find the flute elegant and melodic, but it was also a portable instrument I could easily carry around. No lugging a bulky tuba or trombone to worry about. This was going to be perfect.When the first day of music class arrived, I was bubbling with a combination of excitement and nerves. The band room had an infectious energy as we eagerly handled our new instruments and met our teacher, Mrs. Richards.She was younger and full of passion, the total opposite of the cranky old music teacher I'd feared. First we went over the basics of reading music and holding our instruments properly.Then it was time to actually make some noise and start our musical journey. Mrs. Richards demonstrated how to form an embouchure and produce our first few notes.It took a few tries, but eventually I managed to coax a clear tone from my flute. The sound was so pure and bright. I couldn't stop smiling, feeling so proud that I had created that music all on my own.From that point on, I was hooked. Music quickly became my favorite part of the school day, a little oasis of joy and expression amid the stresses of pre-algebra and avoiding getting banished to the smelly bathroom's "bathroombanishment."We started off learning simple tunes like "Hot Cross Buns" and working our way up to actual songs. My first concert performing alongside the more advanced bands was an absolute rush.While my friends groaned about their boring electives, I was over the moon about music. Sure, there were challenges along the way like struggling with particularly tricky fingerings or rhythms.But overcoming them felt so rewarding. Because this time, I was the one putting in the hard work to better myself rather than academics being forced on me. I finally felt that passion and drive ignite from within.Music allowed my mind to soar wherever the melodies took me. During a moving andante section, I'd envision myself wandering through a quiet, misty forest or along a deserted beach.The lively allegros had me picturing a joyous celebration under the stars or group of young dancers whirling around a fire.I started letting my hair down (at least figuratively since it was always tightly pulled back) and truly soaking in the music rather than overthinking everything like normal.Even my parents noticed a shift in me after joining band. The girl who used to come home, stomp up to her room, and angstily slam the door behind her was gone. In her place was a happier, more relaxed kid who couldn't wait to share what new songs she was learning.Instruments weren't allowed to leave the music room for practice at home, but I'd still walk around the house humming or tapping out rhythms. My parents just smiled and let me vibe, thankfully never complaining about the background concert in our kitchen.That's not to say everything was perfect though. I was one of those unlucky pre-teens whose body seemed to sprout what felt like a billion new pimples daily. Just another fun perk of puberty to deal with!There was also the constant struggle against theever-present "drama" that ravaged our middle school's social scene. You could never escape the latest rumors and falloutsbetween friend groups. It seemed like every other week, someone had disowned their bestie over a "like" on someone else's Instagram post or hurt feelings on Snapchat.And of course, we were all just walking buckets of unchained hormones ready to cry or lash out at any given second. Let's just say remaining a somewhat-put-together human was an uphill battle most days.But no matter what waves of chaos threatened to crash over me, music remained My Happy Place to escape and recharge. My flute was like a treasured life raft helping me safely navigate those rocky middle school years.Practices and rehearsals were havens where I didn't have to worry about anything except playing the right notes at the right time. Just me, my instrument, and the beautiful music we created together.Looking back now after graduating from middle school, I'm so grateful I chose to take that beginner's band class. Music gave me confidence, creative expression, and a sense of calm I couldn't find anywhere else at that age.It allowed me to step outside my usual box of advanced academics and really develop a new passion and skill. Thatseemingly small choice to take band ended up shaping who I became and sticking with me through all my years of schooland life after.I continued playing through high school and even joined a community band in college. Now as an adult, I still pick up my flute when I need a mental reset from the stresses of adulthood. Those familiar scales and melodies are grounding and bring me right back to those early days of musical discovery.So to any current or future pre-teens stressing out over their elective options, hear me out: Don't just pick based on what sounds impressive or what your friends want. Go with the choice that speaks to youthe most, that sparks a little fire of intrigue and excitement within.It's easy to get bogged down in the expectations of school, parents, or society. But something as simple as a middle school elective can give you the creative outlet and breath of fresh air you need.篇5A Choice That Changed My LifeIt was just an ordinary day, or so I thought. Little did I know that one simple choice was about to change the course of my life forever. It all started when I was getting ready for school that morning...I had slept through my alarm again, which meant I was running late as usual. As I hurriedly got dressed and shoved my books into my backpack, my eyes caught sight of the poster hanging on my bedroom door - the one advertising try-outs for the school basketball team.I had been wanting to join the team for years, ever since my older brother made the cut back when he was in middle school. He was so cool back then, all the guys looked up to him. I dreamed of being just like him one day. But every year, something always seemed to get in the way. Either I psyched myself out and decided not to try out, or I had too much homework, or my parents wouldn't let me because my grades weren't good enough.This year though, this year things were going to be different. My grades were stellar, I had been practicing my jump shot relentlessly, and I felt more confident than ever before. This was my year, I could feel it.As I headed out the door, the crisp autumn air filling my lungs, I knew I had a choice to make. I could take my usual route, cutting through the park and taking the shortcut to school. Or I could go the long way, passing by the gym where the try-outs were being held. The long way would almost certainly make me late for homeroom, maybe even my first class. But if I wanted to make the team, I had to go to those try-outs.I caught a glimpse of the second hand slowly ticking away on my watch, knowing that time was running out to make my decision. My mind was pulled in two different directions, part of me saying "don't be late again, you'll get detention!" and the other part saying "you'll regret it if you don't at least try out for the team!"Then, almost without thinking, I made my choice. I turned right instead of left, heading towards the gym instead of the park. Looking back on it now, that split-second decision was one of the most important choices I've ever made. Because if I hadn't chosen to take the long way that morning, to put myself out there and chase my dream, I never would have made the team. And if I hadn't made the team, my whole middle school experience would have been completely different.Playing basketball those three years changed everything for me. It gave me confidence, discipline, and a social circle of friends I'll cherish forever. It pushed me to keep my grades up so I could stay on the team, motivated me to get in shape, and taught me priceless lessons about teamwork, dedication, and handling both victory and defeat with class.Now, as I prepare to start high school in just a few months, I can look back at that seemingly small choice - to take the long way or the shortcut - and see just how profound the implications were. One little turn in a different direction, and my entire life would have taken a different path.The experience showed me that big things can stem from small choices, and that one moment of courage, of defying the easy way in favor of chasing a dream, can lead to incredible personal growth and cherished memories that will stay with you forever.So from now on, I'll never take the shortcut. I'll always take the long way, follow my ambitions, and have faith in myself. Because you never know when one small choice might change everything.篇6Making a ChoiceThe bell had just rung for lunch period. I stuffed my books into my backpack and joined the crowd of kids heading for the cafeteria. My stomach was rumbling - I was starving after sitting through three periods of classes.As I got in the lunch line, I could see the different food options they were serving that day. There were chicken nuggets, pizza, a salad bar, and some sort of mystery meat submerged in brown gravy. The real highlight though was that they were also offering giant chocolate chip cookies for dessert. Those looked absolutely amazing.When I got to the front of the line, I asked for six chicken nuggets, a chocolate milk carton, and one of those huge,fresh-baked cookies. The lunch lady plopped everything on my tray and I went to pay. That's when I realized I had a problem - I had forgotten to bring enough money for the cookie. I only had 3 and the cookie was another 1.I had a choice to make. I could get the cookie and not have enough money left for anything else that week. Or I could skip the cookie, pay for my lunch, and still have a little money left over. What was I going to do?Part of me really, really wanted that cookie. It looked so delicious with the gooey chocolate chips and that slightly crispy outside. Just thinking about biting into it made my mouth water.I had been looking forward to those cookies all week after seeing them on the lunch menu. A warm, fresh-baked cookie would be the perfect treat after eating the rather bland cafeteria food.On the other hand, a dollar doesn't buy much these days, but it's still money I would be wasting. I probably didn't really need all those extra calories and sugar from the cookie anyway. The healthy choice would be to skip it. That 1 would also mean I'd have a little left over to maybe buy a snack or drink later in the week if I got hungry.I went back and forth for what felt like an eternity, weighing the pros and cons in my head. The lunch lady and kids behind me in line were getting impatient and giving me dirty looks. "What's it going to be?" she finally barked at me.In the end, I made my choice...the chocolate chip cookie. Yes, I know it was an impulsive decision and not the most responsible one. But I'm a kid and am allowed to make unhealthy choices sometimes, aren't I? When something looks that delicious, you have to treat yourself occasionally.As I happily munched on the warm, gooey cookie with friends at our lunch table, I didn't regret my decision one bit. The cookie tasted even better than I had imagined - easily the best 1 I've ever spent. That little bit of indulgence helped get me through the long afternoon of classes ahead. Sometimes you just have to go with your cravings and appetite over your wallet.。
小学上册U卷英语第一单元自测题(有答案)
小学上册英语第一单元自测题(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I like to play with my _______ in the park (我喜欢在公园里和我的_______玩).2.When I play with my sister, I sometimes call her . (当我和我的妹妹玩时，我有时叫她。
)3.I love traveling to experience different lifestyles and __________.4.The first man to dive into the Mariana Trench was _______. (维尔德)5.The _____ (自然公园) showcases diverse plant life.6.barrier reef) protects coastlines from waves. The ____7.My grandma is my wise _______ who tells stories.8.The cake is ________ and tasty.anic chemistry studies compounds that contain _______.10.The iguana is a popular ________________ (宠物).11.The _______ (Palace of Versailles) was the royal residence of French kings.12.My favorite animal is a ______ (猫), because they are very cute.13.The classroom is ______ with decorations. (filled)14.What is the name of the famous structure in Egypt that was built as a tomb?A. Great WallB. ColosseumC. PyramidsD. Parthenon答案:C15.What do you call a group of bees?A. SwarmB. PackC. FlockD. Colony答案: A16.We need to water the ______ (植物).17.The capital of Greece is __________.18.I saw a _____ (鹿) in the forest during my hike.19.The _____ (色彩) of plants can attract different pollinators.20.I think that being curious leads to new __________.21.The first modern democracy was established in ________ (雅典).22.I can ______ (识别) different species of birds.23.The __________ is the part of a flower that produces seeds.24.The cassowary is a large ____.25.I often imagine my ________ (玩具名) coming to life and going on adventures with me!26.I have a green ___. (ball)27.My brother is a ______. He enjoys coaching sports teams.28.The __________ is a famous area known for its beaches.29._____ (水果) come from flowering plants.30.The ________ (camera) takes good pictures.31.I enjoy baking ______ (饼干) with my mom during the holidays.32.My brother plays the ________.33.The kitten sleeps on the _______ (小猫睡在_______上).34.The soup is ___. (hot)35.My brother's __________ (智力) is impressive.36.I want to ________ a new game.37.The gecko can climb _________. (墙壁)38. A porcupine's quills can detach when ______ (攻击).39.Which season comes after summer?A. WinterB. FallC. SpringD. Rainy答案:B40.We will go ______ to see the fireworks. (outside)41.The first person to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology was _______. (埃米尔·冯·贝尔)42.This ________ (玩具) has many fun features.43.Heat energy is often absorbed or released during a ______.44.The butterfly lays its eggs on _______.45.The __________ (历史的声音) resonates with humanity.46.What is the main ingredient in bread?A. RiceB. WheatC. CornD. Oats答案: B47.The ancient Egyptians wrote using _______. (象形文字)48.ts can _____ (climb) walls. Some pla49.Water is a ______ solvent.50.Gardeners learn about ______ (植物的) care.51.My turtle is very ______ (安静).52.The main component of a compound is usually present in the greatest ______.53.The ______ (小鸟) chirps cheerfully in the ______ (早晨).54.The bear hibernates during the ______ (冬天).55.The ice cream is ______ (melting) in the sun.56.My sister is my best _______ because we share everything and have fun together.57.My pet dog loves to dig in the ______ (沙子).58.The ____ has a beautiful song and is often found in parks.59.I can ________ my bike to school.60.I like to ______ (参与) in community service.61.The chemical formula for palmitic acid is ______.62.The __________ (历史的启迪) can motivate change.63.I can ________ you the way.64.What type of animal is a frog?A. MammalB. BirdC. ReptileD. Amphibian答案: D65. A ______ is a type of fish that can be very colorful.66.The best advice I’ve ever received is __________ because it has helped me __________.67.sh Inquisition started in ________ (1478). The Span68.I planted some ______ (花) in my garden. I water them every ______ (天).69.The nurse ensures patients receive proper _____ (照顾).70.I have a ________ (滑板) that I practice tricks on.71.The process of respiration produces __________ and carbon dioxide.72.I enjoy ______ at the beach.73.My dog likes to _______ (跑) in the park every day.74.My friend is a ______. He wants to be an astronaut.75.I enjoy painting with bright ______ (颜色) that bring joy to my artwork.76.__________ (分子动力学) studies how molecules move and interact.77.My favorite activity is ______ (骑马).78.My pet _______ (仓鼠) is very cute.79.The baby is ________ in the crib.80. A ____ has a soft, fluffy tail and loves to dig.81.I like to go ______ when it's sunny.82. A ______ (生态园) promotes biodiversity.83.The ______ is a part of the plant that produces leaves.84.The ________ was an important period in the history of art.85.The __________ is a large body of water located in the Arctic. (北冰洋)86. A __________ is formed by the melting of glaciers.87.The __________ (历史背景) shapes our understanding.88. A ______ (盆栽) plant can brighten up a room.89.The _______ of an object can be affected by temperature changes.90.小鸭子) splashes in the water. The ___91.The _____ (蛋糕) is for my birthday.92.s were known for their advancements in ________. The Mayf93.The ______ (小鹰) soars high in the ______ (天空), searching for its prey.94.The clock ticks _____ (slowly/quickly).95.The _______ of sound can be perceived through our sense of hearing.96.The _____ (狐狸) is a master of disguise.97.I love __________ in the summer.98.The __________ (历史的完整性) is vital for accuracy.99.I saw a _______ (小猴子) swinging in the trees.100.The __________ is the capital city of Mexico. (墨西哥城)。
人教版高一上学期期中英语试题及解答参考
人教版英语高一上学期期中模拟试题及解答参考一、听力第一节（本大题有5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1、What is the weather like today?A. It’s sunny.B. It’s cloudy.C. It’s rainy.Answer: AExplanation: The question asks about the weather today. The correct answer is “It’s sunny,” which is option A.2、 How does the man feel about the new movie?A. Excited.B. Bored.C. Uninterested.Answer: AExplanation: The man expresses his feelings about the new movie. The correct answer is that he is “excited,” which is option A.3、- Dialogue: Woman: Can you tell me where the nearest post office is? Man: Sure, go straight ahead until you reach the traffic lights, then turn left. It’s just next to the supermarket.•Question: Where is the post office located?•Options:A. Next to the bank.B. Across from the supermarket.C. Next to the supermarket.D. Behind the traffic lights.•Answer: C. Next to the supermarket.•Explanation: The man clearly indicates that the post office is located next to the supermarket after giving directions to go straight and turn left at the traffic lights.4、- Dialogue: Man: Excuse me, does this bus go to the train station? Woman: No, you’ll need to take the number 7 bus. This one is the number 12, which goes to the airport.•Question: Which bus should the man take to get to the train station?•Options:A. Number 12 bus.B. Number 7 bus.C. Any bus from here.D. The airport shuttle.•Answer: B. Number 7 bus.•Explanation: The woman informs the man that he needs to take the number7 bus to get to the train station, as the number 12 bus, which is the onethey are discussing, goes to the airport instead.5、You will hear a short conversation between two students. After that, you will hear five questions about the conversation. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to eachquestion.Question 5: How much money does the student need to borrow from the bank?A.$200B.$300C.$400D.$500Answer: B.$300Explanation: In the conversation, the student says, “I need to borrow$300 to buy a new laptop.” Therefore, the correct answer is B.$300.二、听力第二节（本大题有15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分）1、Listen to the following conversation and choose the best answer to the question you hear.A. The man is looking for a bookshop.B. The woman is a librarian.C. The man is borrowing a book.D. The woman is suggesting a place to eat.Answer: CExplanation: The man says, “Excuse me, could you help me find this book?” and the woman responds, “Certainly, I’ll show you where it is,” indicating that the man is borrowing a book.2、 Listen to the following dialogue and complete the sentence with themissing word you hear.W: I really enjoyed your presentation at the conference last week. It was very informative.M: Thank you. I’m glad you found it helpful. By the way, are you going to the workshop on “Advanced Data Analysis” this afternoon?W: Yes, I am. I think it will be beneficial for my research.M: That’s great. We can discuss some of the methods we’ve used in our project.Answer: beneficialExplanation: The woman says, “I think it will be beneficial for my research,” which completes the sentence with the missing word “beneficial.”3.You hear a conversation between two students in the library.A. The student is looking for a quiet place to study.B. The student is borrowing a book.C. The student is asking for help with a project.D. The student is inquiring about the library rules.Answer: AExplanation: The student is asking for a quiet place to study, as indicated by the words “I was wondering if you could recommend a quiet spot in the library?”4.You hear a radio report about a local event.A. The event is a charity run to raise funds for a community center.B. The event is a music festival featuring local bands.C. The event is a food fair showcasing international cuisine.D. The event is a sports competition between neighboring schools.Answer: AExplanation: The radio report mentions “this Saturday’s charity run” and “supporting the new community center,” which indicates that the event is a charity run.5.You will hear a short conversation between two friends, Tom and Alice. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the following question.Question: What are Tom and Alice mainly discussing?A. Their school lifeB. A recent movie they watchedC. Their upcoming vacationD. Their favorite sports activitiesAnswer: BExplanation: The conversation starts with Tom asking Alice if she has watched the latest movie, which indicates that they are discussing a recent movie they watched together. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.6.You will hear a passage about the importance of exercise. Listen carefully and answer the following question.Question: According to the passage, which of the following benefits of exercise is NOT mentioned?A. Reduces stressB. Improves sleep qualityC. Enhances brain functionD. Boosts immune systemAnswer: BExplanation: The passage mentions the benefits of exercise such as reducing stress, enhancing brain function, and boosting the immune system. However, it does not mention the improvement of sleep quality as a benefit of exercise. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.7.Listen to the following dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.A. They are going to the library.B. They are going to the cinema.C. They are going to the park.D. They are going to the shopping mall.Answer: BExplanation: The first speaker mentions they want to see a movie, and the second speaker agrees and suggests going to the cinema. Therefore, the correct answer is B.8.Listen to the following passage and answer the question you hear. Question: What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To inform about a new restaurant opening.B. To discuss the benefits of a healthy lifestyle.C. To review a recent sports event.D. To introduce a new study about sleep.Answer: DExplanation: The passage starts by stating the importance of sleep and then goes on to introduce a recent study that has found new insights about sleep. The main purpose is to inform the listener about this new study, so the correct answer is D.9.You hear a conversation between two students discussing a school event.A. They are planning to attend a school dance.B. They are discussing the upcoming sports day.C. They are talking about a school trip to the museum.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation includes references to running races, physical fitness, and teamwork, which are typical themes of a sports day event. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as they are discussing the upcoming sports day.10.You hear a radio announcement about a local charity event.A. The event is a charity concert to raise funds for a local hospital.B. The event is a charity auction to support a children’s shelter.C. The event is a charity walk to promote awareness of cancer.Answer: CExplanation: The radio announcement mentions a “charity walk” and includes details about participants raising money and awareness for a specific cause.The mention of walking and raising funds for cancer awareness makes C the correct answer, as the event is a charity walk.11.You will hear a conversation between two friends. Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the question.Question: What is the woman planning to do after the conversation?A. Go to the gym.B. Study for her math test.C. Attend a party.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the woman mentions that she has a math test on Friday and needs to study. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.12.You will hear a short passage about the importance of exercise. Listen to the passage and answer the following question.Question: What is the main idea of the passage?A. Exercise is good for physical health.B. Exercise can help improve concentration.C. Exercise is essential for a balanced lifestyle.Answer: AExplanation: The passage primarily focuses on the benefits of exercise for physical health, such as reducing the risk of chronic diseases and improving cardiovascular health. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.13.You hear a conversation between two students discussing a school project.Listen and answer the question.Question: What are the students planning to do for their project?A. Perform a play.B. Write a report.C. Organize a sports event.D. Conduct a survey.Answer: B. Write a report.Explanation: The students mention that they need to collect data and analyze it for their project, which suggests they are planning to write a report.14.You hear a dialogue between a teacher and a student about an upcoming science fair. Listen and answer the question.Question: What does the student need help with for the science fair?A. Choosing a topic.B. Preparing the experiment.C. Writing a presentation.D. Finding a partner.Answer: C. Writing a presentation.Explanation: The student expresses concern about being able to clearly explain their project in a presentation, indicating that they need help with writing the presentation.15.A) He is 17 years old.B) She is 17 years old.C) They are 17 years old.D) He and she are 17 years old.Answer: A) He is 17 years old.Explanation: The conversation mentions “How old are you?” and the response is “I am 17.” Therefore, the correct answer is A) He is 17 years old.三、阅读第一节（第1题7.5分，其余每题10分，总37.5分）第一题Reading PassageIn the small coastal town of Seabreeze, there was once a young man named Tom. Tom had always been fascinated by the ocean and its mysteries. One day, he decided to take up scuba diving, a hobby that allowed him to explore the depths of the sea. As he dove deeper and deeper, Tom discovered a hidden world of colorful fish, exotic plants, and breathtaking coral reefs.However, Tom soon realized that this beautiful underwater world was under threat. Plastic pollution was causing significant damage to the marine ecosystem. He decided to take action and started an initiative to clean up the coastal area. With the help of his friends and local volunteers, they organized clean-up drives, collected trash from the beaches, and educated the community about the importance of taking care of the environment.Word soo n spread about Tom’s efforts, and he received support from local businesses and government agencies. Together, they implemented programs toreduce plastic usage and promote sustainable practices. As a result, the marine ecosystem began to recover, and the once-damaged coral reefs started to flourish again.Tom’s story inspired many others to take action and protect the environment. He became a symbol of hope and determination, proving that even a single person could make a difference.Questions:1、What hobby did Tom take up to explore the depths of the sea?A. FishingB. Scuba divingC. SnorkelingD. Surfing2、What issue did Tom discover while diving?A. OverfishingB. Climate changeC. Plastic pollutionD. Water pollution3、What did Tom do to clean up the coastal area?A. He planted trees along the beach.B. He organized clean-up drives and educated the community.C. He built a wall to protect the beaches from erosion.D. He started a recycling program.4、What was the resul t of Tom’s efforts?A. The marine ecosystem continued to decline.B. The coral reefs remained damaged.C. The community became more aware of environmental issues.D. The town’s economy suffered due to the pollution.Answers:1、B2、C3、B4、CSecond Question: Reading Comprehension Section 1Passage:On the morning of November 9, 1929, millions of people across the United States awoke to a shock. The stock market had crashed, and the Great Depression was about to begin. The crash was caused by a combination of factors, including speculation, overproduction, and a lack of regulation. As a result, banks failed, people lost their jobs, and the economy spiraled into a deep recession.The Great Depression lasted for a decade, from 1929 to 1939. During this time, unemployment rates soared, and many families were forced to live in makeshift shelters known as “Hoovervilles,” named after President Herbert Hoover, who was seen as ineffective in dealing with the crisis. Despite the hardships, the Depression also led to some positive changes, such as thedevelopment of new social welfare programs and the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who implemented the New Deal to help the economy recover.1、The Great Depression began in the year:A)1928B)1929C)1930D)19312、Which of the following factors did NOT contribute to the stock market crash of 1929?A)SpeculationB)OverproductionC)Excessive regulationD)Lack of regulation3、What was a “Hooverville”?A) A luxurious resort for the wealthyB) A government-built housing projectC) A makeshift shelter for the unemployedD) A school for orphans4、Which president is mentioned as being seen as ineffective in dealing with the Great Depression?A)Franklin D. RooseveltB)Herbert HooverC)John F. KennedyD)Lyndon B. JohnsonAnswers:1、B) 19292、C) Excessive regulation3、C) A makeshift shelter for the unemployed4、B) Herbert Hoover第三题Reading Passage:The following is an excerpt from a book about the history of technology. It discusses the invention of the printing press.In the mid-15th century, Johannes Gutenberg, a German goldsmith, made a revolutionary change to the world of publishing. He invented the printing press, which drastically altered the way books were produced and distributed. Before the printing press, books were copied by hand, a time-consuming and expensive process. The invention of the printing press allowed for the mass production of books, leading to an explosion in literacy and the spread of knowledge.Gutenberg’s printing press used movable type, which could be reused and rearranged to create different texts. This made the process of printing much faster and more efficient. The first book to be printed using this method was the Bible, which was completed in 1455. The widespread availability of the Bible and other religious texts led to a significant increase in religious literacy among the common people.The printing press also had a profound impact on the spread of science andtechnology. It allowed scientists to share their discoveries more quickly and widely, which accelerated the pace of innovation. The printing press was instrumental in the Renaissance, a period of great cultural and intellectual growth in Europe.1、What was the main impact of Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press?A、It increased the cost of book production.B、It made books more expensive for the general public.C、It significantly changed the way books were produced and distributed.D、It decreased the literacy rate among the common people.答案：C2、How did the printing press affect the production of books?A、It made books more difficult to produce.B、It required more manual labor to produce books.C、It allowed for the mass production of books.D、It made books more expensive to produce.答案：C3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of the printing press?A、An increase in religious literacy.B、The spread of science and technology.C、The decline of the Renaissance.D、A faster pace of innovation.答案：C4、What was the first book printed using Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press?A、The QuranB、The Declaration of IndependenceC、The Gutenberg BibleD、The Magna Carta答案：C第四题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The Rise of Social MediaIn the last decade, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. From Facebook to Twitter, Instagram to LinkedIn, these platforms have revolutionized the way we communicate, share information, and stay connected with others. The following article explores the impact of social media on society, its benefits, and its potential drawbacks.The Impact of Social Media on SocietySocial media has had a profound impact on society. It has made it easier for people to stay in touch with friends and family, regardless of geographical distance. This has led to a more interconnected world where cultural exchange and understanding are more accessible than ever before. However, thisinterconnectedness also brings challenges, such as the spread of misinformation and cyberbullying.1、What is one of the main benefits of social media mentioned in the passage?A)The ability to spread misinformation.B)Staying in touch with friends and family.C)The rise of cyberbullying.D)The decline of face-to-face communication.Answer: B)2、According to the passage, what is one of the challenges brought by social media?A)Improved cultural exchange.B)The spread of misinformation.C)Increased face-to-face communication.D)Enhanced privacy.Answer: B)3、The passage suggests that social media has led to a more___________world.A)isolatedB)interconnectedC)privateD)competitiveAnswer: B)4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential drawback of social media in the passage?A)The spread of misinformation.B)Improved cultural exchange.C)Cyberbullying.D)The decline of traditional media.Answer: B)四、阅读第二节（12.5分）Reading SectionPassage:The rise of the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn. With just a few clicks, we can connect with people from all over the world, access vast amounts of information, and even complete tasks from the comfort of our homes. One of the most significant impacts of the Internet is on education. Online learning platforms have become increasingly popular, allowing students to attend virtual classes, access educational resources, and interact with teachers and peers from any location. This essay discusses the advantages and disadvantages of online learning.Advantages of Online Learning:1.Flexibility: Online learning offers students the flexibility to study at their own pace and schedule. This is particularly beneficial for working adults and students with family commitments.2.Access to a wide range of resources: Online learning platforms provideaccess to a vast array of educational materials, including videos, textbooks, and interactive modules, which can enhance the learning experience.3.Cost-effective: Online courses are often more affordable than traditional classroom-based courses, making education accessible to a broader audience.Disadvantages of Online Learning:ck of face-to-face interaction: One of the main drawbacks of online learning is the absence of face-to-face interaction, which can hinder the development of social skills and collaboration.2.Limited support: Online students may find it challenging to receive adequate support from teachers and peers, as they lack the physical presence and direct communication that traditional classrooms offer.3.Self-discipline and motivation: Online learning requires a high level of self-discipline and motivation, as students are responsible for managing their time and staying on track.Questions:1.What is one of the advantages of online learning mentioned in the passage?A. It is more expensive than traditional education.B. It offers students the flexibility to study at their own pace and schedule.C. It is less flexible than traditional education.D. It requires less self-discipline and motivation.2.According to the passage, what is a potential disadvantage of online learning?A. It provides access to a wide range of resources.B. It offers face-to-face interaction with teachers and peers.C. It lacks the physical presence and direct communication of traditional classrooms.D. It is more affordable than traditional education.3.Why might online learning be beneficial for working adults?A. It requires less self-discipline and motivation.B. It lacks the physical presence and direct communication of traditional classrooms.C. It offers flexibility to study at their own pace and schedule.D. It is more expensive than traditional education.4.The passage states that online learning platforms provide access to a vast array of educational materials. What type of material is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. VideosB. TextbooksC. Interactive modulesD. Podcasts5.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To promote online learning.B. To criticize the traditional education system.C. To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online learning.D. To encourage students to attend virtual classes.Answers:1.B2.C3.C4.D5.C五、语言运用第一节 _ 完形填空（15分）Title: People’s Education Edition English First Semester Grade 10 Mid-term Exam -Section Five: Language Application - Part I: Cloze TestPassage:The rise of technology has dramatically changed the way we live and work. In the past, communication was limited to face-to-face interactions or letters. Now, with the advent of the internet and social media, we can connect with people across the globe in an instant. This rapid change has both positive and negative impacts.The positive aspects of technology are undeniable. It has made information more accessible, allowing us to learn new skills and stay updated with the latest news. It has also revolutionized the way businesses operate, increasing efficiency and productivity. However, there are also negative consequences.One of the major concerns is the impact on our social lives. Spending toomuch time online can lead to social isolation, as people may prefer virtual interactions to real-life ones. Additionally, the constant exposure to social media can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.Another issue is the potential for online fraud and cybercrimes. With so much personal information being shared online, individuals are at a higher risk of falling victim to scams and identity theft.Despite these challenges, many argue that the benefits of technology far outweigh the drawbacks. They believe that with proper education and awareness, we can navigate the digital world safely and responsibly.Here is an example of how technology has transformed our daily lives:munication: Before the internet, if you wanted to talk to someone in another country, you would have to wait days for a letter to arrive. Now, you can have a video call with them in a matter of minutes.cation: Online courses and e-learning platforms have made education more flexible and accessible. Students can learn at their own pace and from the comfort of their homes.3.Health: Telemedicine has become increasingly popular, allowing patients to consult with doctors remotely and receive treatment without leaving their homes.4.Environment: Technology has enabled us to monitor and control energy consumption more efficiently, reducing our carbon footprint.5.Business: E-commerce has opened up new markets and made it possible for businesses to reach a global audience.Now, read the following passage and choose the best option to complete each sentence.Questions:1.The rise of technology has had a significant impact on our __________.a) educationb) economyc) social livesd) environment2.One of the positive aspects of technology is that it has made __________.a) communication slowerb) information less accessiblec) learning more difficultd) news harder to find3.Spending too much time online can lead to __________.a) increased productivityb) improved communicationc) social isolationd) better health4.Online fraud and cybercrimes are more prevalent due to __________.a) the decrease in personal information shared onlineb) the increase in social media usagec) the elimination of technology in our livesd) the rise of e-commerce5.Many argue that the benefits of technology__________the drawbacks.a) outweighb) ignorec) complementd) emphasize6.The internet has made it possible to have a__________with someone in another country in a matter of minutes.a) letterb) phone callc) video calld) text message7.Online courses have made education __________.a) more expensiveb) less flexiblec) more accessibled) less effective8.Telemedicine has become popular because it allows patients to __________.a) travel to see doctorsb) consult with doctors remotelyc) rely on traditional medicined) avoid doctors altogether9.Technology has helped us to__________energy consumption.a) increaseb) decreasec) monitord) ignore10.E-commerce has enabled businesses to __________.a) reduce their marketsb) reach a global audiencec) focus on local customersd) eliminate physical storesAnswers:1.c) social lives2.c) information more accessible3.c) social isolation4.b) increase in social media usage5.a) outweigh6.c) video call7.c) more accessible8.b) consult with doctors remotely9.b) decrease10.b) reach a global audience六、语言运用第二节 _ 语法填空（15分）Grammar Fill-in-the-BlankDirections: Read the passage carefully. For each blank, choose the most appropriate word or phrase from the options given below to complete the passage. There are 10 blanks in total.Passage:“The importance of environmental conservation has become increasingly evident over recent years. With global warming and pollution causing severe damage to our planet, it is now more crucial than ever that we take action to protect our natural world. Many people believe that individuals can make a significant difference by making small changes in their daily lives, such as recycling waste, using public transport, and reducing energy consumption. Others argue that real change must come from government policies and corporate responsibility. Both viewpoints have merit, but one thing is clear: everyone has a role to play in preserving Earth’s resources for future generations.”Questions:1.The importance of environmental conservation has become increasingly evident (blank1) recent years.•Options: A) at, B) in, C) over, D) during2.With global warming and pollution causing severe damage (blank2) our planet…•Options: A) on, B) to, C) at, D) with3….it is now more crucial than ever that we take action (blank3) protect our naturalworld.•Options: A) to, B) for, C) in order, D) so as4.Many people believe that individuals can make a significant difference (blank4) making small changes…•Options: A) through, B) by, C) via, D) with5….such as recycling waste, using public transport, and reducing energy (blank5).•Options: A) use, B) consume, C) consumption, D) usage6.Others argue that real change must (blank6) from government policies and corporate responsibility.•Options: A) come, B) comes, C) coming, D) came7.Both viewpoints have (blank7), but one thing is clear…•Options: A) value, B) merit, C) worth, D) significance8….everyone has a role (blank8) play in preserving Earth’s resources…•Options: A) for, B) of, C) to, D) in9….for future (blank9).•Options: A) generation, B) generations, C) generation’s, D) generations’10.Everyone has a role to play in preserving Earth’s resources for future generations.•This sentence is correct and does not require any changes.Now let’s provide the answers for these blanks based on standard English grammar and usage.Here are the correct answers for the grammar fill-in-the-blank exercise:1.Over recent years. - Option C2.Causing severe damage to our planet… - Option B3.Take action to protect our natural world. - Option A。
《红楼梦》杨宪益和霍克斯翻译对照--61
命小丫头子动手，"凡箱柜所有的菜蔬，种还芏隼次构*，大家赚不成。
"小丫头子们巴不得一声，七手八脚抢上去，一顿乱翻乱掷的。
众人一面拉劝，一面央告司棋说： "姑娘别误听了小孩子的话。
柳嫂子有八个头，也不敢得罪姑娘。
说鸡蛋难买是真。
我们才也说他不知好歹，凭是什么东西，也少不得变法儿去。
他已经悟过来了，连忙蒸上了。
姑娘不信瞧那火上。
"司棋被众人一顿好言，方将气劝的渐平。
小丫头们也没得摔完东西，便拉开了。
司棋连说带骂，闹了一回，方被众人劝去。
柳家的只好摔碗丢盘自己咕嘟了一回，蒸了一碗蛋令人送去。
司棋全泼了地下了。
那人回来也不敢说，恐又生事。
柳家的打发他女儿喝了一回汤，吃了半碗粥，又将茯苓霜一节说了。
五儿听罢，便心下要分些赠芳官，遂用纸另包了一半，趁黄昏人稀之时，自己花遮柳隐的来找芳官。
且喜无人盘问。
一径到了怡红院门前，不好进去，只在一簇玫瑰花前站立，远远的望着。
有一盏茶时，可巧小燕出来，忙上前叫住。
小燕不知是那一个，至跟前方看真切，因问作什么。
五儿笑道："你叫出芳官来，我和他说话。
"小燕悄笑道："姐姐太性急了，横竖等十来日就来了，只管找他做什么。
方才使了他。
2023年江苏省扬州市仪征市中考一模英语试题
2023年江苏省扬州市仪征市中考一模英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．Chinese President Xi Jinping paid ________ visit to ________ Russia last month. A．/; a B．a; the C．a; /D．the; / 2．—Would you mind lending me your book Alice in Wonderland?—Sorry. I haven’t finished ________.A．one B．it C．those D．this3．— Can you hand in your writing tomorrow?— I can make it if I ________ one more day.A．am given B．give C．will give D．will be given 4．When Mike swims in winter, his body tries to ________ heat itself to keep him warm. A．reduce B．produce C．refuse D．present 5．The Chinese idiom dongru tuotu praises people ________ are active like a rabbit. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 6．—Have you ever heard of the two pandas called Ruyi and Dingding?—Yes. They ________ the stars of the Moscow Zoo for four years.A．became B．will be C．have become D．have been 7．— ________ do people like making the eggs stand on the Spring Equinox (春分)?— Because they want to have good luck in the future.A．When B．Why C．Where D．What 8．—I’d like a pet, but I am busy all day.—Goldfish are a good choice. You ________ feed them every day.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 9．What ________ news for football lovers! More than 50,000 football schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025.A．bored B．boring C．excited D．exciting 10．— Do you think Yuan Longping was a great scientist?— Yes. Because he made a ________ to increasing rice production.A．population B．situation C．contribution D．introduction 11．—What place will you suggest if I travel to your hometown?—The best-known Mount Huangshan comes ________ as the first choice.A．hardly B．patiently C．strangely D．naturally 12．—How do you like the film Avatar: The Way of Water?—Wonderful. I have watched it twice ________.A．above all B．in all C．first of all D．at all 13．— Do you know the sentence structure of “They painted the walls blue”?— Yes, it is ________.A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O 14．—Our graduation party will be on June 28.—That’s wonderful! Could you tell me ________?A．if all of our teachers joined usB．where will it be heldC．who will give the performancesD．that we should wear school uniforms15．— How can I improve my spoken English?— ________. If you keep practising speaking English every day, you’ll be better at it. A．Practice makes perfect B．Every dog has its dayC．Put all your eggs in one basket D．There is no smoke without fire二、完形填空A Leap to HonorLeaping on a narrow balance beam (平衡木) is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnastics (体操) player, is good at it. To perfect her skills, Lola ___16___ for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls, ___17___ she often sees double and can’t tell how far away things are.When she was little, her mom ___18___ that even though she couldn’t see well, she was fearless. So her mom took her to take part in gymnastics when she was three. She loved the ___19___ right away and gymnastics became her favorite.Learning gymnastics has been more ___20___ for her than for some of her teammates, but she has never given up. She doesn’t let her ___21___ stop her from doing what she wants to. To her, the biggest ___22___ is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees two beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her. Sometimes she even closesher eyes. “You have to ___23___ your mind that it’ll take you where you want to go,” says Lola.To be a top-level gymnastics player, one must be ___24___. Everyone is afraid of the beam because it’s four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didn’t fall ____25____ the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10—her highest score yet. Lola doesn’t want to be____26____ differently from the other girls on her team. At the competitions, the judges don’t know about her ____27____ problem. She doesn’t tell them, because she doesn’t think they need to know.Lola never thinks about giving up. She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her ____28____ is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids ____29____ she grows up. Lola is____30____ of all her hard work and success. Her advice for others is “just believe yourself”. 16．A．runs B．teaches C．trains D．dances 17．A．though B．unless C．after D．since 18．A．suggested B．remembered C．imagined D．noticed 19．A．task B．sport C．event D．show 20．A．difficult B．pleasant C．boring D．satisfied 21．A．talent B．problem C．quality D．interest 22．A．doubt B．advantage C．challenge D．progress 23．A．change B．express C．create D．trust 24．A．brave B．helpful C．generous D．humorous 25．A．to B．on C．off D．against 26．A．greeted B．treated C．saved D．paid 27．A．heart B．ear C．leg D．eye 28．A．prize B．class C．exam D．goal 29．A．until B．unless C．when D．before 30．A．proud B．worried C．careful D．sad三、阅读单选31．Which website is helpful to teachers as well as students?A．DeltaMath.B．Spatulatta.C．GoNoodle.D．Young Ocean Explorers.32．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．GoNoodle encourages children how to have a PE lesson.B．The four websites are designed to help children to learn a lot.C．Young Ocean Explorers teaches children about different wildlife.D．Spatulatta only teaches children how to cook their favourite food.33．Where can this passage be found?A．A story book.B．A travel magazine.C．A health report.D．A guide book.A loud noise wakes Jan up suddenly. What time is it? She looks at the alarm clock beside the bed. It’s five o’clock. Then she hears the noise again. It’s thunder. Then she hears a different noise. It’s the sound of something hitting the window. She gets up and goes to the window. She can see Tom standing outside in the thunderstorm. He’s shouting at Jan, telling her to come outside.Jan gets dressed, puts on her anorak and goes downstairs quietly. She meets Tom outside.“What are you doing, Tom?”“The storm,” he says. “It’s the same storm as Thursday night. Let’s go to the tree. Maybe you can go home!”Jan follows Tom down the road then she remembers something.“The time capsule!”Tom shows her the biscuit tin under his jacket. “I’ve got it.”They walk quickly back down the road past Jamie’s house and Pauly’s house. It seems so long since she arrived here in the past. And now maybe there’s the possibility she can return to the future. They run up the path through the trees and arrive at the piece of land with the apple tree.“Now what do we do?” asks Jan.“I put the time capsule back where I found it and....”“And I go home.”“Yes.”Tom uses his hands to dig a hole by the tree. He buries the time capsule and then stands up.Jan suddenly realizes something.“Tom! I wanted to give you something from the time capsule.”“No, it’s OK. I don’t want anything and it’s more important for you to go home.”Jan feels disappointed that Tom doesn’t want something to remember her. But he’s right. The important thing is to get home.“I’m never going to forget you, Tom. Thanks. You’re a real friend.”“Bye, Jan. Look for me in the future. Promise?”“I promise.”Then he turns and runs back to the trees. Jan watches his shadow disappear into the trees.A sudden flash of lightning lights up the scene followed by a loud crash of thunder. Jan looks round and sees her house. She’s back in the garden of her house in Hampton Street.—Taken from The Time Capsule 34．Jan woke up suddenly because ________.A．Tom was shouting at her B．there was thunder outside C．something was hitting the window D．the sound of the alarm clock was too big 35．What does the underlined sentence mean in the passage?A．Tom refused Jan to make her forget him.B．Tom didn’t want anything to remember Jan.C．Tom wanted Jan to take the chance to go home.D．Tom advised Jan to take him to her home in the future.36．If Jan wants to go home, which of the following is necessary?a. the thunderstormb. the time capsulec. the apple treed. the anorakA．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcd 37．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．Tom and Jan were real friends for ever.B．Tom told Jan to go home on a sunny day. C．Jan promised to look for Tom in the future.D．Jan left Tom and went back home in the future.Do you like travelling? Have you heard of volunteer travel? Do you know what volunteer travel means?The main purpose of volunteer travel is to take part in service opportunity to help others. During the trip, volunteer travelers often provide services like teaching, cooking, animal caring, and cultural activities. The volunteers may get free or discounted (打折) accommodation, meals and laundry, activities, or classes because of their help.It seems as if these long journeys could only be made possible in recent years by modern transport. However, volunteer travel dates back to the 1960s, when Alec Dickson and his wife Mora from the UK founded V oluntary Service Overseas (VSO), an international volunteer organization.Traditionally, the volunteer activities take place in a foreign country. But now, more volunteer trips have taken place within the volunteers’ own countries in recent years. Volunteer projects in the countryside are now attracting more visitors living in the cities as a break from the fast and stressful city lives.By doing voluntary work while traveling, travelers may make a real, positive influence on the world. The services volunteers provide can reduce the costs for the communities they serve. Another advantage of volunteer travel is that it helps people living in cities experience the life in the countryside. For those who are tired of city life but can’t move to the countryside, volunteer travel can be a way. In this way, travelers can relax themselves from their busy lives, while the countryside can get a lot by receiving more customers forlocal tourism industries.38．What’s the writing purpose of Paragraph 1?A．To explain the topic.B．To express the writer’s opinion. C．To raise some questions.D．To introduce the topic of the passage. 39．V olunteer travel tells us _________ in the passage.A．the aim of volunteer travel is to help othersB．volunteer travel only takes place in recent yearsC．the volunteer travelers can travel around for freeD．volunteer travelers prefer to go to a foreign country40．Which sentence should go in the empty box in Paragraph 5?A．People think volunteer travel is very interesting.B．There are lots of advantages in volunteer travel.C．V olunteer travel can make it easier to go travelling.D．People try volunteer travel in many different ways.41．What’s the best title for the passage?A．Travel and work B．Relax in your life C．Help while travelling D．Experience a new lifeLichun, or Start of Spring, is the first of the traditional Twenty-Four Solar Terms (节气), representing the beginning of all things, rebirth and a new cycle.Lichun plays an important role in China’s traditional culture. It is the first solar term that lasts so long (15 days) and has so many nicknames: yingchun (greeting spring), songchun (sending spring), dachun (beating spring), yaochun (biting spring), tachun (outing in spring) and taochun (begging for spring). The different verbs in front of the word chun all stand for the joy and eagerness for the arrival of spring. “I have never seen a solar term with so many descriptions as lichun.” says folklore expert You Guoqing.Spring greeting ceremonies (仪式) started from the Western Zhou Dynasty. On the veryday, the king personally led the whole officers to the east to welcome the spring, praying for a year of good weather and a good harvest. During the Qing Dynasty, the ceremony became an important folk (民间的) activity that everyone took part in. The forms of celebration were simple and interesting. The great Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu wrote, “Every time on lichun, families put green silky cut chives on white jade plates, and gave them to each other through their hands, so as to enjoy the festival.”With the development of the times, such activities are no longer as well found as they were in ancient times, but “biting spring” is a custom that has been followed to this day. The northerners enjoy eating spring pancakes and spring rolls on lichun. The paper-thin spring rolls, wrapped around fried vegetables and pork. Eating spring pancakes will make people work harder and live longer.As the head of the four seasons, lichun is a new starting point and a sign of the arrival of spring.42．Which of the customs of lichun is still popular today?A．Greeting spring.B．Sending spring.C．Biting spring.D．Beating spring. 43．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.A．the meaning of lichun in the ancient timesB．the history of the spring greeting ceremoniesC．the great poems by Tang Dynasty poet Du FuD．different forms of the spring greeting ceremonies44．How does the writer organize the article? (P= paragraph)A．B．C．D．45．What can we infer (推断) from the passage?A．Lichun is the first day of the year in the traditional culture.B．The custom taochun (begging for spring) is the most important of all.C．Eating spring pancakes will make people work harder and live longer.D．Not everyone could join in spring greeting ceremonies before the Qing Dynasty.四、用所给单词的正确形式填空46．Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon in his ________. (thirty) 47．My parents usually buy me a lot of presents but nothing for ________ (they).48．His cousin is crazy about ________ things and decorating his house. (repair) 49．Many people got ________ hurt or even died in the earthquake in Turkey. (bad) 50．My hometown Yangzhou, an old city, lies in the ________ part of Jiangsu Province. (centre)五、根据汉语提示填空51．It’s ________ to do something for the disabled people.（有意义的）52．Language is silver, ________ is gold, and action is diamond. (沉默)53．The air ________ so fresh when they had a trip in the forest. (闻起来)54．Bees and butterflies like to play ________ flowers in spring. (在……当中)55．To make his coffee sweeter, he added two more teaspoons of ________. (糖)六、阅读回答问题Portia gave the decision. “One pound of the merchant’s flesh is yours! It is what the contract (合同) says. You may take his flesh!” Shylock held his knife and told Antonio to get ready.“Wait!” said Portia. “You will not do anything that is not written in the contract. Is that right, Shylock?” “Yes, that’s right,” said Shylock. “Well,” said the young judge, “I have read the contract carefully, and it does not say anything about taking his blood. It says ‘a pound of flesh.’ You can take your pound of flesh, but you may not take one drop of his blood. If you take any of his blood, the duke will take everything you own!”Shylock didn’t want to give everything he owned to the duke. He decided not to take his pound of flesh. He said he would take the money. Bassanio was happy to give him the money because he thought he could save his friend Antonio in this way.Portia, however, had more to say. “Wait!” she said again. “He does not want the money. It is not written in the contract, and he said that he would not do anything that was not written in the contract. Shylock, you can take your pound of flesh, just as the contract says. Why are you waiting?” she asked. Shylock said he just wanted to have his money back.“Just give me the money I lent you. I won’t even demand interest,” he said. Bassanio was ready to give the money to him, but again Portia stopped him and said, “He said in front of us all that he did not want the money. He wanted only the penalty that is in the contract.”Shylock understood that he would not get his pound of flesh. He understood that he would not get his money. He decided to go home.—Taken from The Merchant of Venice 根据短文内容回答问题（每小题答案不超过10个单词）。
原文莳萝泡菜ADillPickle英文版
A Dill PickleKatherine Mansfield1.And then, after six years, she saw him again. He was seated at oneof those little bamboo tables decorated with a Japanese vase of paper daffodils. He was peeling an orange.2.He must have felt that shock of recognition in her for looked upand met her eye! Incredible! He didn't know her. She smiled, he frowned. She came towards him. He closed his eyes an instant, but opening them his face lit up as though he had struck a match ina dark room. He laid down the orange and pushed back his chair.3."Vera!" he exclaimed. "How strange. Really, for a moment I didn'tknow you. Won't you sit down Won't you have some coffee"4."Yes, I'd like some coffee." And she sat down opposite him.5."You've changed. You've changed very much," he said, staring ather with eager, lighted look. "You look so well. I've never seen you look so well before."6. "Really" She raised her veil and unbuttoned her high fur collar."I don't feel very well. I can't bear this weather, you know."7."Ah, no. You hate the cold..."8."Loathe it." She shuddered. "And the worst of it is that the olderone grows..."9.He interrupted her. "Excuse me," and tapped on the table forwaitress. "Please bring some coffee and cream." To her:" You are sure you won't eat anything"10."No, thanks. Nothing."11."Then that's settled." And smiling he took up the orange again."You were saying--the older one grows--"12."The colder," she laughed. But she was thinking how well sheremembered that trick of his--the trick of interrupting her--and of how it used to exasperate her six years ago.13."The colder," he echoed her words, laughing too. "Ah, ah. You stillsay the same things and there is another thing about you that is not changed at all-- your beautiful voice. I don't know what it is-- I've often wondered--that makes your voice such a --haunting memory... Do you remember that first afternoon we spent together at Kew Garden You were so surprised because I did not know the names of any flowers. I am still just as ignorant for all your telling me. But whenever it's very fine and warm, and I see some bright colour I hear your voice saying:' Geranium, marigold, and verbena,’ You remember that afternoon"14." Oh, yes, very well." She drew a long, soft breath. Yet, what hadremained in her mind of that particular afternoon was an absurd scene. A great many people taking tea in a Chinese pagoda, and he behaving like a maniac about the wasps--waving them away, flapping at them with his straw hat, serious and infuriated out of all proportion to the occasion. How she had suffered.15.But now, as he spoke, that memory faded. His was the truer.16.Yes, it had been a wonderful afternoon, full of flowers and --warmsunshine. Her thoughts lingered over the last two words. And in the warmth, as it were, another memory unfolded. She saw herself sitting on a lawn. He lay beside her, and suddenly, he rolled over and put his head in her lap.17."I wish," he said in a low, troubled voice," I wish that I had takenpoison and were about to die-- here now!"18.She leaned over him.19."Ah, why do you say that"20.But he gave a kind of soft moan, and taking her hand he held itto his cheek.21."Because I know I am going to love you too much. And I shall sufferso terribly, Vera, because you never, never will love me."22.He was certainly far better looking now than he had been then. Hehad lost all that dreamy vagueness and indecision. Now he had the air of a man who has found his place in life. He must have made money, too. His clothes were admirable, and at that moment he pulled a Russian cigarette case out of his pocket.23."Won't you smoke"24."Yes, I will." She hovered over them. "They look very good."25."I get them made for me by a little man in St James's Street. Idon't smoke very much, but when I do, they must be delicious.Smoking isn't a habit with me; it's a luxury--like perfume. Are you still so fond of perfumes Ah, when I in Russia..."26.She broke in:"You've really been to Russia"27."Oh, yes. I was there for over a year. Have you forgotten how weused to talk of going there"28."No, I've not forgotten."29.He gave a strange half laugh and leaned back in his chair.30."Isn't it curious I have really carried out all those journeys thatwe planned. In fact, I have spent the last three years of my life travelling all the time. Spain, Corsica, Siberia, Russia, Egypt.The only country left is China, and I mean to go there, too, when the war is over."31.As he spoke, so lightly, tapping the end of his cigarette againstthe ashtray, she felt the strange beast that had slumbered so long within her bosom stir, stretch itself, yawn, prick up its ears, and suddenly bound to its feet, and fix its longing, hungry stare upon those far away places. But all she said was, smiling gently:"How I envy you."32."It has been," he said, "Wonderful--especially Russia. I evenspent some days on a river boat on the Volga. Do you remember thatboatman's song that you used to play"33."Yes." It began to play as she spoke.34."Do you even play it now"35."No, I've no piano."36.He was amazed at that. "But what has become of your beautiful piano"37.She made a little grimace. "Sold. Ages ago."38."But you were so fond of music," he wondered.39."I've no time for it now. "said she.40.He let it go at that." That river life," he went on, "is somethingquite special. After a day or two you can't realize that you have even known another. And it is not necessary to know the language-- the life of the boat creates a bond between you and the people that's more than sufficient. You eat with them, pass the day with them, and in the evening there is that endless singing."41.She shivered, hearing the boatman's song break out again loud andtragic, and seeing the boat floating on the darkening river with melancholy trees on either side...42."You'd like almost everything about Russia life," he said warmly."It's so informal, so impulsive, so free. And then the peasants are so splendid. I remember the evening some friends and I went for a picnic by the Black Sea. We took supper and champagne andate and drank on the grass. And while we were eating the coachman came up. "Have a dill pickle," he said. He wanted to share with us: That seemed to me so right, so --you know what I mean"43.And she seemed at that moment to be sitting on the grass besidethe mysteriously Black Sea, black as velvet, and rippling against the banks in silent, velvet waves. She saw the little group on the grass, their faces and hands white in the moonlight. Apart from them, with his supper in a cloth on his knees, sat the coachman."Have a dill pickle," said he, and although she was not certain what a dill pickle was, she saw the greenish glass jar with a red chili like a parrot's beak.44."Yes, I know perfectly what you mean," she said.45.In the pause that followed they looked at each other. In the pastwhen they had looked at each other like that they had felt that their souls had, as it were, put their arms round each other and dropped into the same tea, content, to be drowned, like mournful lovers. But now, he said:" What a marvelous listener you are. When you look at me with those wild eyes I feel that I could tell you things that I would never breathe to another human being."46.Was there just a hint of mockery in his voice She could not be sure.47."How well I remember one night, the night that I brought you thelittle Christmas tree, telling you all about my childhood. And of how I was miserable that I ran away and lived under a cart in our yard for two days without being discovered. And you listened, andyour eyes shone, and I felt that you had even made the little Christmas tree listen too, as in a fairy story."48."The dog was called Bosun," she cried, delightedly.49.But he did not follow." What dog Had you a dog"50."No, no. I meant the yard dog when you were a little dog."51.He laughed and snapped the cigarette case to.52."Was he Do you know I had recognized you today-- I had to take sucha leap back to that time." He drummed on the table " I've oftenthought how I must have bored you. And now I understand so perfectly why you wrote to me as you did-- although at the time that letter nearly finished my life. I found it again the other day, and I couldn’t help laughing as I read it, It was so clever--such a true picture of me." He glanced up. " You're not going"53.She had buttoned her collar again and drawn down her veil.54."Yes, I am afraid I must,"she said, and managed a smile.55."Ah, no,please,"he pleaded. "Don't go just for moment," and hecaught up one of her gloves from the table and clutched at if as if that would hold her. "I see so few people to talk to nowadays, that I have turned into a sort of barbarian," he said."Have I said something to hurt you"56."Not a bit." She lied. But as she watched him draw her glove throughhis fingers, gently, gently, her anger really did die down.57."What I really wanted then," he said softly,"was to be a sort ofcarpet-- for you to walk on so that you need not be hurt by the sharp stones and the mud you hated so. It was nothing more selfish than that. Only I did desire, eventually, to turn into a magic carpet and carry you away to all those lands you longed to see."58.As he spoke she lifted her head as though she drank something; thestrange beast in her bosom began to purr . . .59."I felt that you were more lonely than anybody else in the world,"he went on, "and yet, perhaps, that you were the only person in the world who was really, truly alive.60.Ah, God! What had she done! How had she dared to throw away herhappiness like this! This was the only man who had ever understood her. Was it too late Could it be too late61."And then the fact that you had no friends and never had madefriends with people. How I understood that, for neither had I. Is it just the same now"62."Yes," she breathed. "Just the same. I am as alone as ever."63."So am I," he laughed gently, "just the same."64.Suddenly with a quick gesture he handed her back the glove andscraped his chair on the floor. "But what seemed to me so mysterious then is perfectly plain to me now. And to you, too, of course. . . .It simply was that we were such egoists, so self-engrossed, so wrapped up in ourselves that we hadn't a corner in our hearts for anybody else. Do you know," he cried, naive and hearty.65.She had gone. He sat there, thunder-struck, astounded beyondwords.。
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Processing of the lipids hydrated by physical means or the mechanical treatments of MLVs :
Micro Emulsification liposomes (MEL) Sonicated unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) French Pressure Cell Liposomes . Membrane extrusion Liposomes Dried reconstituted vesicles (DRVs) Freeze thaw sonification (FTS) pH induced vesiculation Calcium Induced fusion
Hand shaken method. Non shaking method. Pro – liposomes . Freeze drying .
Hand Shaking Method:
Rotary flash evaporator
Non Shaking Method:
•The procedure differs from hand shaken method in that it uses a stream of nitrogen to provide agitation rather than the rotationary movements. • Here the lipid film is exposed to water - saturated nitrogen (15 – 20min). •After Hydration, lipid is swelled by addition of bulk fluid. 10-20ml of 0.2M sucrose in distilled water (degassed) is introduced. •The flask is flushed with nitrogen, sealed and allowed to stand for 2 hrs at 37 degrees celsius . After swelling, the vesicles are harvested by swirling the contents of the flask gently, to yield a milky‐suspension. Centrifugation LUV’s .
Phosphatidylcholine (磷脂酰胆碱);Phosphatidylethanolamine (磷脂酰乙醇胺) ; Phosphatidylserine (磷脂酰丝氨酸)
Synthetic phospholipids used in the liposomes are:
Dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (二油酰磷脂酰胆碱) Distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱) Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine Distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine
Cholesterol: Stabilizes the Membrane Steroid lipid Interdigitates between phospholipids i.e. below Tc , it makes membrane less ordered & above Tc more ordered.
The most common natural phospholipid is the phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the amphipathic molecule and also known as lecithin(卵磷
脂).
Naturally occurring phospholipids used in liposomes are:
What exactly happens during phase transition?
This is due to the fatty acid chain adopting a new conformation other than all trans straight chain configuration， such as gauche configuration state ( phenomenon- chain tilt )
Definition
Liposomes are microscopic, spherical vesicles that form when hydrated phospholipids arrange themselves in circular sheets enclosing an aqueous core.
Conventional Liposomes
Long circulating liposomes (Stealth Technology) PEG coating Low permeability liquid matrix and internal aqueous buffer system
SUV 20-100 nm
LUV 100 nm-Microns
MLV 100 nm-Microns
Lamella
A Lamella is a flat plate like structure that
appears during the formation of liposomes . The Phospholipid bilayer first exisቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱs as a lamella before getting converted into spheres.
Cationic lipid component interact with negatively- charged DNA Results into Lipid –DNA Complexes
Temperature sensitive liposome
pH sensitive Liposomes
逆相蒸发法的SUV
Overall Composition
Hydrophilic group
Phospolipid
Hydrophobic group
Cholesterol
Structure of Liposome
Types of liposomes
Classification
Based on structural parameters
Liposomes
Presented by: Wang
objectives
Identify the concept of liposome Describe the structure of phospholipids and the role of cholesterol Describe advantages and disadvantages of liposome List the types of liposome Describe the methods of preparation of liposome Characterize the liposome by physical characterization
挤出技术的囊泡
冻融法的MLV
General Method of Liposome Preparation
Purification of resultant liposome
Different Methods of Preparation
Physical Dispersion:
There are four basic methods of physical dispersion :
Based on number of lamella’s there are two types: 1. Unilamellar Vesicles 2. Multilamellar Vesicles
Unilamellar Proteoliposome
Multilamellar
Nano Gold Labeled
Materials used in preparation of liposomes
Phospholipids (磷脂) Synthetic Phospholipids Glycerolipids (甘油酯类) Sphingolipids （神经鞘脂类） Glycosphingolipids （鞘糖脂 ） Steroids （甾类化合物，类固醇） Polymeric material Charge-inducing lipids
Targeted Liposomes (immuno-) Target specific ligands, such as antibodies, immunoglobulins, lectins and oligosaccharides attached to the surface
Cationic Liposomes
Phase transition temperature
At various temperatures, phospholipid membranes can exist in different phases. The transition from one phase to another can be detected by technique like micro calorimetry .
Pro- liposomes:
•To increase the surface area of dried lipid film & to facilitate instantaneous hydration.