人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)(II )卷
人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）（II ）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）阅读理解Once people thought that dinosaurs were brown or gray in colour, but the answer is to be found out. After examining the remains of a dinosaur, scientists say the colour of the feathers is bright. American and Chinese scientists rebuilt the feathers of a flightless(不能飞的)dinosaurthat lived about 150 million years ago, and researchers studied melanosomes(黑素体)in the feathers. The researchers compared them to the melanosomes that control the colour of feathers on modern birds. They were then able to make out the colours of dinosaurs' feathers. Richard Prum, a biologist(生物学家)at Yale University, said the dinosaur would be a beautiful creature if it were still alive. The discovery is useful to scientists in another way. It helps them better understand not only how dinosaurs looked but also how they lived in their daily life. Some researchers plan to use this way to study the colours of other feathered dinosaurs.（1） What did scientists discover?A . Brown and gray dinosaurs.B . The first remains of a dinosaur.C . A kind of dinosaur with brightly-coloured feathers.D . A flightless dinosaur.（2） What does the underlined word "remains" mean?A . legsB . dead bodyC . bonesD . blood（3） American and Chinese scientists studied the dinosaur that lived to find out its colour.A . 60 million years agoB . 150 million years agoC . in the museumD . in old China（4） The researchers compared of the dinosaur to those of modern birds.A . the white wingsB . the leg and the bodyC . the melanosomes in the feathersD . the living conditions2. （12分）阅读理解The largest animal ever to live on Earth is the blue whale. It weighs about 80 tons--more than 24 big elephants. It is more than 30 metres long. A new baby whale weighs as much as a big elephant.Cats won't die if they fall off very high places because they can turn themselves up the right way so as to keep their bodies safe. One cat fell off 32 floors onto the street, but it was just hurt a little.A bear can run as fast as a horse.A new-born panda is smaller than a mouse and weighs about 100 grams.Elephants are the most careful animals in their love. A male elephant may show his lady love for up to three years until the female elephant takes his love. They often show their love by touching each other's body.Usually, wolves do not hurt people. For years a Canadian newspaper says that they would give anyone a lot of money if he or she could show that a wolf could hurt a person. But nobody could do that. Wolves do not usually go together though they may do this in winter and they only hurt people at an unusualtime.（1） How much does a new-born blue whale weigh?A . About 10 tons.B . As much as a baby elephant.C . About 80 tons.D . About 3 tons.（2） A bear can run people think it can.A . faster thanB . more slowly thanC . as fast asD . as slowly as（3） A male elephant won't stop following a female elephant to until the female elephant takes his love.A . fight with the baby elephantB . ask the lady elephant to help himC . show his love for a long timeD . find food together with her（4） A wolf won't hurt people except .A . in winterB . at an unusual timeC . in groupsD . that it is happy3. （10分） Choose the best answer.Many scientists think that the Earth is getting warmer and warmer. If the change continues, the natural world and human society will face danger. Scientists believe human activity is responsible for the climate change. We produce too many greenhouse gases. They keep heat in the air and make the Earth warm.Many of the world's governments agree. And they want to solve the problem. So from 7 to 18 December, 2009，they held a conference in Copenhagen, Denmark to talk about global warming and climate change.Representatives(代表) from 192 countries and regions went to the meeting. Although they have not reached an agreement, the Copenhagen Accord(《哥本哈根协议》) was an important beginning to save the Earth. It was made by a small group of countries including China，the USA，India, Brazil and South Africa. Some other countries at the conference also showed support.What are the key points of the Copenhagen Accord? The accord limits global temperature increases to 2C by 2050. Scientists think it could help the world to avoid serious climate change.The accord also says that developed countries must promise to cut greenhouse gas emissions(排放) to the UN by 31 January, 2010. The accord asks developed countries to give money to help developing countries.Many countries and organizations are disappointed that the conference didn't reach a legal document(法律文书). And they think the accord is not clear enough about its goals.African leaders are worried that the goal of a 2°C global temperature increase isn't good enough, because it will mean a much higher increase in temperature across Africa. This could cause big problems like food and water shortages across the continent.Still, UN Secretary General believes the conference was an "improvement"."Finally we reached a deal," Ban said," the accord may not be everything everyone had hoped for, but this is an important beginning."（1） What do scientists believe is responsible for the climate change?A . Human activity.B . Animals growing.C . Plants growing.D . Too many people.（2） ____________ countries and regions took part in the Copenhagen meeting.A . 18B . 20C . 192D . 205（3） What did NOT members of the Copenhagen meeting talk about?A . Economic recovery (经济复苏).B . Global warming.C . Climate change.D . Cutting greenhouse gas emissions.（4） What's the attitude of African leaders towards the goal of a 2C global temperature increase?A . They are happy about it.B . They don't care much about it.C . They are worried about it.D . They support it.（5） What does the underlined word" disappointed" mean?A . It means "worried" because something bad has happened.B . It means "sad" because something was not as good as they had hoped.C . It means "afraid" because of something terrible.D . It means "upset" because of the changeable situation.（6） Which is TRUE about the Copenhagen Accord?A . Developing countries must promise to cut greenhouse gas emissions.B . Both developing countries and developed countries should not produce any greenhouse gases.C . The EU agreed to give $ 3.6 billion to help developing countries.D . The Copenhagen Accord isn't a legal document, but it's an important beginning to save the Earth.4. （10分）阅读理解CPliny the Elder (老普林尼) wrote the first encyclopaedia with the help of his nephew. This work was made up of 37 books and had many subjects such as anthropology(人类学) and painting. Through the following few centuries, encyclopaedias were connected to religion (宗教). The first Christian edition appeared in 560 AD, and the first Muslim volume came to light soon after.One of the longest encyclopaedias ever was produced in 1403 when The Yongle Encyclopaedia《永乐大典》appeared in China. It had 11,095 volumes. Most of the original work has been lost .through the centuries, and people can see less than 400 volumes today. The word "encyclopaedia" coming from Greek means "a general knowledge". It has been .in use for at least 500 years.In the 20th century, the Encyclopaedia Britannica became the most well known western work of this type. At the same time, topical encyclopaedias became the most popular, covering different topics. At the end of the century, many publishers began to publish them in digital formats such as Compact Discs (CDs) and Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs).（1） How many books did the first encyclopaedia have?A . Thirty-seven.B . Twenty-seven.C . Thirty-eight.D . Seventeen.（2） When did The first Christian edition appear?A . In 37 ADB . In 560 ADC . Before 37 ADD . Before 560 AD（3） Where was the word "encyclopaedia" from?A . Chinese.B . English.C . German.D . Greek.（4） Which of the encyclopaedias began to be the most popular in the 20th century?A . The Yongle Encyclopaedia.B . Topical encyclopaedias.C . The Encyclopaedia Britannica.D . The first Christian edition.（5） The passage is about_______.A . the history of encyclopaediasB . the kinds of encyclopaediasC . one of the longest encyclopaediasD . the most popular encyclopaedia5. （10分）根据短文内容，判断正误。
语文版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)(II )卷
语文版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）（II ）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分） (2019七下·衢州期末) 阅读材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Today there are robots working in factories. Some can help to build cars, and they do easy jobs over and over again. Few people will do such jobs in the future because they are boring, but robots will never get bored.Scientists are now trying to make robots look like people. Some robots in Japan can walk and dance. However, some scientists believe that it will be difficult to make them really think like people. For example, scientist James White thinks that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are. But many scientists don't think so. They think that robots will even be able to talk in 25 to 50 years.Some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future. These new robots will look very different. Some will look like people, and others might look like animals. In India, for example, scientists made robots that look like snakes. When buildings fall down with people inside, these snake robots can help look for people under the buildings. This was not possible 20 years ago, but computers and rockets also seemed impossible 100 years ago. We never know what will happen in the future!（1） Today, robots can ________ in factories.A . think like peopleB . help people build carsC . get bored when workingD . do difficult jobs again and again（2） Some scientists are now trying to make robots ________ people.A . think likeB . smell likeC . look likeD . eat like（3） The snake robots in India can ________ under the building.A . wake up peopleB . build carsC . look after peopleD . search for people（4） The passage tells us about ________.A . robots in the futureB . factories in the futureC . scientists in the futureD . jobs in the future2. （12分）阅读理解。
人教版2020年中考英语题型专练：阅读理解(二)(I)卷
人教版2020年中考英语题型专练：阅读理解（二）（I）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共10题；共86分)1. （8分）阅读下面短文，判断正误。
People already know a lot about animals. However, there are still some things about animals that may surprise you. Here are some facts about animals you probably didn't know.Cows do have best friends and feel stressed when they are separated. Scientists have found that cows are very social animals and a cow always makes friends with other cows. When a cow is with its friends, it feels relaxed, compared with when it is alone.During breeding season, a male penguin(企鹅) will offer a small stone to a female penguin as a gift. If she takes it, they will become partners. When the female penguin lays an egg, she and her partner may carry it on their feet, because some penguins don't build nests(鸟巢).Crocodiles(鳄鱼) swallow(吞) stones. Crocodiles always swallow their food instead of eating it like other animals. They swallow stones which break the food into very small pieces in their stomachs. These stones may stay in their stomachs all their lives.Elephants use plants to treat pain or other illness. Scientists once found a pregnant (怀孕) elephant in Africa who ate a kind of plant which was not part of her normal food. Four days later, she gave birth to a baby elephant. The same plant was used by the local pregnant women.（1）A cow hates making friends with other cows.（2）All the male penguins will build nests if the female penguins lay eggs.（3）Crocodiles swallow stones to help with digestion(消化).（4）Elephants eat plants only when they are hungry.（5）The passage mainly tells us some surprising facts about animals.2. （10分）阅读理解The World Memory Championships is an organized competition of memory sports in which competitors memorize as much information as possible within a given period of time. Tony Buzan, the founder of the competition, believes that everyone can improve their memories. The first World Memory Championship was held in London in 1991 and London kept holding the following ten competitions. It takes place every year, with the exception of 1992. The winner of the first competition was Dominic O'Brien, so was the second competition.The 19th and 20th World Memory Championships were held in Guangzhou, China. 130 competitors from all over the world gathered there in the 20th World Memory Championships. Over the following three days, the competitors had mental boundaries (限度) tested by memorizing numbers, images, dates, names and faces, as well as packs of cards, all against the clock. The prize was to become the next Grand Memory Master. More than a quarter of the competitors were female and the oldest was 74 years old. Many of the competitors believed the memorizing techniques they practiced could help them achieve other goals in life. But forthat moment, their focus was all in their heads.Wang Feng, the winner of the 20th World Memory Championships, made the record by memorizing 2660 numbers within an hour. He said, "I won the Championship last year. To keep the achievement, I had to practice 5 to 6 hours every day over the last three months."（1）Where was the tenth World Memory Championship held?A . In London.B . In Guangzhou.C . In Hainan.D . In Chengdu.（2）When did the 20th World Memory Championship take place?A . In 2007.B . In 2011.C . In 2014.D . In 2018.（3）What did the competitors do during the competition?A . They had to take a paper test.B . They must collect as many images, dates and names as possible.C . They needed to memorize as much information as possible in a period of time.D . They had to memorize 2660 numbers within sixty minutes.（4）Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A . The winner of the second competition was Dominic O'Brien.B . Most of the competitors were always women.C . Wang Feng won the championship twice.D . China held the 19th World Memory Championship.（5）Where can we read the passage?A . In a health magazine.B . In a storybook.C . In an advertisement.D . In a newspaper.3. （8分）阅读理解Tom was a fat boy when he was ten. He liked watching TV very much. He watched TV at least 5 hours every day. Wherever(无论哪里) he went, he would be late.One day, he found a pair of special glasses in his post-box(邮箱). He also found a message saying, “With these you can see time.”The boy decided to have a try. He put the glasses on, looked at his brother, a tall and thin boy, and saw a big box of flowers on top of his head. And it wasn't just his brother. When he looked at his parents, he also saw the flowers. The three boxes were very large and the flowers were very beautiful. Then, he looked at himself from the mirror. He saw the flowers, too. But his flowers went to the mouth of the television. Its mouth was big. His flowers became fewer and fewer.At last, he learned that watching TV was a waste of time. He could learn nothing from it. He decided he would never again let the television eat his time.（1）What did Tom look like?A . Tall.B . Short.C . Thin.D . Fat.（2）How often did Tom watch TV?A . Every day.B . Once a week.C . Twice a week.D . Never.（3）What does the underlined word “waste” mean in Chinese?A . 珍惜B . 浪费C . 利用D . 改进（4）Which of the following is TRUE?A . Tom found the glasses in the bookcase.B . Tom looked the same as his brother through the glasses.C . Tom looked at his brother first with the glasses.D . Tom didn't have any flowers when he looked at himself.（5）What would Tom do later?A . Never wear the glasses.B . Spend his time on useful things.C . Eat less when watching TV.D . Buy some flowers.4. （8分）根据短文内容选择正确答案。
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)D卷
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）D卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）(2019·东莞模拟) 阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
For us humans, one of the greatest experiences is to taste all kinds of delicious food. But for penguins, they cannot get a taste of this happiness. That's because penguins can't actually taste the delicious flavors (味道) of their favorite food-fish!Scientists from the University of Michigan examined the genome (基因组)of five species of penguins. They found that no one can taste umami (鲜味),the flavor of meat or fish, the BBC reported.Many animals have five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. But according to genetic data, penguins are believed to have only sour and salty tastes.These findings are surprising and puzzling. And scientists don't have a good explanation for them. But they have a few ideas.First, one of the umami genes doesn't work in cold temperatures. "It's about zero degrees when they eat cold fish," Zhang Jianzhi, the lead scientist, told the Daily Mail, so even if the penguins had a functional (功能的)gene, it might not work when they needed it.Second, penguins' tongues (舌头) are very special which may have something to do with their lack of taste. Instead of being covered with taste buds which help to taste food, penguins' tongues are very spiky. This is better for them to hold slippery (滑的) fish than tasting them. One study even showed that some types of penguins don't even have taste buds.However, penguins seem to be managing just fine."Their behavior of swallowing food whole, and their tongue structure and function, suggest that penguins need no taste perception," said Zhang.（1） How many tastes do penguins have?A . FourB . ThreeC . TwoD . Five.（2） From the passage, we can learn that ________.A . temperatures can decide the umami genes of penguinsB . the umami genes in penguins would work when neededC . penguins' umami genes work well in cold temperaturesD . penguins' tongues are very slippery（3） The underlined word spiky means ________.A . 圆滑的B . 美味的C . 钉子似的D . 软绵绵的（4） All of the following decide that penguins need no taste perception EXCEPT ________.A . they always swallow food wholeB . they live in cold temperaturesC . their tongue function is differentD . their tongue structure is special（5） The study finds that ________.A . different penguins have their own favorite fishB . penguins have different genomes for the five tastesC . penguins don't have any of the five basic tastesD . penguins can't taste the flavor of fish2. （12分）阅读理解An atlas is-a book of maps. Atlases are made with different kinds of information about different parts and areas of a country or the world. They are prepared for desk use or travel use.Desk atlases are made for different groups of people with different needs. For example, students may use desk atlases to help learn Geography, and other people may use desk atlases to study a place.A popular type of the latest atlas shows the recent fact of the world. New atlases are often carefully produced to help people learn about the changes, such as name changes, boundary(界) changes and other important new information. A desk atlas can also have some different maps of the same place. For example, an atlas may include maps showing population and important products of a place.Travel atlases usually show the information about both natural and man-made features(特点). So it is not surprising to find universities, airports, forests, rivers, roads as well as cities, towns and villages in them. A travel atlas is often the first thing people need when they want to start a trip in a strange place.It often has a map of a whole country, and a map with more special information of each important place in the country. Take the atlas of the United States as an example, it often has a map of the whole country and then a map of each of the fifty states.A travel atlas may also point out the beautiful natural places. In the USA, the atlas may include national parks such as the Yellowstone National Park and some others to show the beauty of nature and interesting places to tourists.（1） An atlas is __________ according to the passage.A . a guide bookB . a history bookC . a collection of picturesD . a collection of maps（2） How many kinds of atlases are mentioned in the passage?A . One.B . Two.C . Three.D . Many,（3） From the passage, we know people need newly produced atlases because __________.A . they can't see the old ones clearlyB . they like to buy different onesC . something has changedD . something is missing（4） According to the passage, people can find the information about __________ in a travel atlas of Shaanxi.A . the population of ShaanxiB . the local products of ShaanxiC . the Yellowstone National ParkD . Xi'an Jiaotong University3. （10分）(2016·哈尔滨) 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)(I)卷
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）（I）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）(2019·毕节) 阅读理解Dear Rita,How are you? Last time you asked me about the greatest invention in my eyes. I havealso discussed it with my best friends, Anna, Sue and Kris. We have different ideas. Annathinks it is the high﹣speed railway; Sue, the shared bike; Kris, the online shopping;and I prefer the Internet.The Internet is just like a net, and it connects us with the world. In the past,it was nearly impossible for people to communicate immediately with people in othercountries. They had to spend a long time to reach their destinations (目的地), and noteveryone could do that. But the Internet has made the impossible possible. Now we can communicate with foreigners online.The Internet also helps us know what is happening around the world, and has madeour life and work easier. In recent years, shopping online is very popular. We can juststay at home and buy what we need online. We can also do online office work and distance education. Besides, we can watch movies, listen to music and even play games to relaxourselves on the Internet.So, I think that the Internet is one of the greatest inventions. It has changedour world! Although there are still many problems with the Internet, they will be solvedin the near future. As a student we should make good use of the Internet!Yours,Martin （1） The letter was written by .A . RitaB . SueC . AnnaD . Martin（2） Anna thought that was the greatest invention.A . the high﹣speed railwayB . the shared bikeC . the InternetD . the online shopping（3） "The Internet has made the impossible possible" means .A . People spent a long time to reach their placesB . Many things can be done now because of the InternetC . People could hardly talk with foreignersD . The Internet is just like a net（4） The article doesn't mention that people can use the Internet to .A . know the world newsB . do online shoppingC . watch moviesD . learn how to drive（5） For what purpose does the writer write the letter?A . To warn others how to make use of the Internet.B . To tell people the communication ways in the past.C . To talk about his opinions about the greatest invention.D . To make people know about the problems of the Internet.2. （12分）阅读理解Is there intelligent（有智力的） life on other planets? For years, scientists said "no" or "we don't know". But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers（天文学家）. They believe intelligent life exists（存在） somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings（人生物）.Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old." This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life," say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size-the universe is huge." Tools like the Hubble Telescope（哈勃望远镜） have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies," says Shostak. "And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars.Some planets going around these stars might be similar to the Earth."In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes（高倍望远镜） allow scientists to discover smaller planets-the size of Mars or the Earth-in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.Have beings from space already visited the Earth?" Probably not," says Shostak. "It's a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other ways, such as radio signals（信号）. In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don't have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other."（1） Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are .A . astronomersB . farmersC . singersD . drivers（2） What is the best title for Paragraph 2?A . The Age and Size of the EarthB . Our Galaxy; The Milky WayC . Why Intelligent Life Might ExistD . The Earth: The Only Planet with Intelligent Life（3） Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past?A . Because there were not any smaller planets.B . Because there were not any powerful telescopes.C . Because the astronomers were not interested in them.D . Because the Milky Way didn't exist at that time.（4） Why haven't beings from space visited us yet according to Shostak?A . Because they're afraid of us.B . Because it's a long way away.C . Because they don't want to see us.D . Because they don't know how to use radio signals.（5） What does the underlined phrase "life forms" in the last paragraph mean?A . Messages.B . Tools.C . Intelligent beings.D . Radio signals.3. （10分）(2019·达州) 阅读理解Shanghai University of Engineering Science has become the first university in China to be covered by a 5G network, the university announced on Tuesday.Chinese mobile carriers(运营商) are expected to spend 1.2 trillion yuan（US＄176.5 billion） on 5G by 2025,50 percent more than their total 4G investment (投资), Nomura said yesterday. Carriers including China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom, are expected to build over 4.9 million 5G base stations by 2025.5G is a" game﹣changing" opportunity for carriers as they can explore new business like smart manufacturing, super high definition video and smart driving, instead of just being a "pipeline" for voice and data services.China will supply "temporary "5G licenses in several aimed cities this year. Consumers(消费者) will be able to use the first batch of 5G smart﹣phones and tablet computers in the second half. It's the first time that China's top industry regulator clarified the 5G industry timeline, especially the first appearance of 5G phones.But 5G services will become accessible to normal consumers later than expected. More work needs to be done to make the 5G industry fully developed, which won't happen until 2020, said UBS recently. New business projects and organizations, rather than normal consumers, will enjoy 5G services at first. The first batch of 5G services will be available to consumers in about 10 cities only.（1） How much did Chinese mobile carriers spend on 4G?A . About 1.2 trillion yuan.B . About US＄176.5 million.C . About 0.8 trillion yuan.D . About US＄0.8 billion.（2） What does the underlined word "accessible" probably mean in Chinese?A . 易获得的B . 困难的C . 让人理解的D . 费解的（3） Which part of a newspaper may the article come from?A . Lifestyle.B . Health.C . Education.D . Technology.（4） What's the main idea of the article?A . Mobile carriers plan to spend much on 5G and it will come into our life soon.B . China will supply "temporary"5G licenses in several aimed cities this year.C . 5G services will become accessible to normal consumers later than expected.D . The first batch of 5G services will be available to consumers in about 10 cities only.4. （10分） (2019九上·尤溪月考) 阅读短文，根据短文内容，从题中所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
(精品文档)北师大版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)(II)卷
北师大版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）（II ）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）(2019·吉林模拟) 根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）。
Audio digital books(有声图书) are becoming more and more popular these days. One of the reasons forthis is that audio digital books can be "read" in many places comfortably.The first favorite place of many people is in bed, before going to sleep. Many people like to justlie in bed in the dark before they fall asleep at night. This would be the perfect time to listen toan audio digital book. If you read a usual book, the lights have to be turned on and you have to turnthe pages with your hand. An audio book can just be listened to while a person stays comfortably in bed.The next favorite place to listen to audio digital books would be in the kitchen. For some people,kitchen chores are boring. Audio digital books provide good entertainment, and people don't need to turn pages.An audio digital book is a favorite while a person is gardening. It can help take a person's mindoff the job at hand. It can be fun and exciting to do gardening with the help of the book.An audio digital book is a favorite while a person is exercising. It allows the mind to be free while the legs, body and arms are kept busy. This would be a great place to listen to these books.（1） Audio digital books can be "read" in many places comfortably so they are popular with peoplethese years.（2） Both audio digital books and usual books can be listened to and you don't have to turn pageswith your hand and turn on the lights.（3） People will feel bored if they do chores in the kitchen with audio digital books.（4） Audio digital books are suitable for either gardeners or sportsmen to "read" while they areworking.（5） The passage is mainly about the advantages of audio digital books.2. （12分）阅读理解1970 was World Conservation(保护) Year. The United Nations wanted everyone to know that the worldwas in danger. They hoped something could be" done.Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1,300 kinds of plants, trees and flowersin Holland(荷兰), but now only 866 are left. The others have been destroyed (毁灭) by modern people and their science. We are polluting earth, air, water and everything around us. We can't live without thesethings. If things go on like this, we shall destroy ourselves.What will happen in the future? Perhaps it's more important to ask "What must we do?". More and more young people have known this. Many of them are helping to save our earth. For example, they plant trees. In a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of 11 kilometres of theirriver. Young people may hear about conservation through a song called "No one's going to change our world". It was made by Cliff Gichard and other singers. The money from it will help to conserve tigers, elephants and pandas on the earth.（1） The United Nations hoped something could be done .A . to conserve the worldB . to change the worldC . to develop the worldD . to destroy the world（2） Why aren't there many plants, trees and flowers in Holland now?A . Because people there didn't need so many plants, trees or flowers.B . Because people there destroyed them.C . Because little conservation has been done there.D . Because people need more land to live on.（3） How many kinds of plants, trees and flowers have been destroyed in Holland?B . 2,166C . 866D . 434（4） We shall destroy ourselves if we go on .A . planting trees and flowersB . polluting earth, air and water around usC . saving the worldD . helping to conserve tigers, elephants and pandas3. （10分） There are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world'simportant wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among t hem. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of animals. The world's largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is inthem. More than 700 Milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world,but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Crane Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain andsunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering(提供) food and home for some special kinds of animals is not the only reason why we need to protect wetlands. Wetlands are important becausethey also prevent flood. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms andless space for wildlife.Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2nd, many activities are held to tell people more about wetlands.（1）The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are in the ___________of China.A . eastB . southD . north（2）Usually the weather in the wetlands is ____________A . hotB . pleasantC . coldD . dry（3）The World Wetlands Day is on _______________A . April 22B . June 25C . February 2D . March 22（4）We must protect wetlands because ___________________A . they are home for wildlifeB . they can offer food to animalsC . they can prevent floodD . all of the above（5）Some people want to change _______ to make more space for farmsB . worldC . wildlifeD . wetlands4. （10分）根据材料内容，选择正确答案。
英语科普环保类阅读试题答案及解析
英语科普环保类阅读试题答案及解析1. February 16, 2014（VOA）JAKARTA — The United States and China say they recognize the need for "urgent action" to address the twin challenges of climate change and the air pollution caused by burning fossil fuels. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry called for greater political will to address a warming planet.China is the leading producer of greenhouse gases and joins the United States as the largest consumers of energy. So U.S. officials say the world's two biggest economies agreeing to limit emissions and promote energy efficiency in buildings and industry "sends a strong message to the world" that this is an issue that needs to be addressed now.Following that agreement with Chinese leaders, Secretary Kerry told an audience in Indonesia that Washington hopes this "unique partnership" with Beijing will help set an example for global leadership and global seriousness on climate change.Kerry Warns About Global Climate Change"Together we account for roughly 40 percent of the world’s emissions. But this is not just about China and the United States," Kerry said. "It is about every country on Earth doing whatever it can to pursue cleaner and healthier energy sources.Kerry said scientific evidence compels the world to act."It is not a lack of ability that is the problem," Kerry said. "It is a lack of political resolve that is standing in our way.The European Union is calling for a 40 percent cut in carbon emissions by 2030. European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso says that target is ambitious and affordable."It shows that we are beyond debate where we either have to be green or a defender of industry," Barroso said. "We believe these two issues are not contradictory, but can perfectly go together if handled smartly.Some European parliamentarians and some environmentalists believe the carbon reduction goals do not do enough to encourage cleaner energy. Jason Anderson heads European climate and energy policy for the World Wildlife Fund."We want to make sure that they do not put the brakes on the energy transition that we are seeing now," Anderson said. "Their ambitions for renewable energy would actually slow down the pace of change, which it is completely senseless as it is one of those areas of the economy that is growing right now.Kerry's climate speech was the first in a series of events meant to focus on cutting carbon emissions before talks in Paris next year on coming up with a successor to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which was never ratified by the United States. （）419【1】European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso believes that________.A．The European Union accounts for 40 percent of the world’s emissions.B．we either have to be green or a defender of industry.C．we have to be green and a defender of industry if handled smartly.D．the carbon reduction goals do not do enough to encourage cleaner energy.【答案】C【解析】考查细节理解。
(精品文档)新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)B卷
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）B卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）(2019·东营) 阅读理解What's a spacewalk? Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it iscalled a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects(影响) different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits,astronauts have the oxygen(氧气) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep theastronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through aspecial door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft.Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating(漂浮) away into space. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.How do astronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lotlike floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool. Forevery one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实). It looks and feels justlike a spacewalk.Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russianastronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.（1） About the spacewalk, we can know .A . some things can be fixed by astronauts during spacewalksB . all experiments must be placed on the outside of a spacecraftC . an astronaut can get out of a spacecraft any time while in spaceD . a spacewalk lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things （2） How many ways to keep the astronauts safe during spacewalks?A . Two.B . Three.C . Four.D . Five.（3） What's the meaning of the word "tethers" in Paragraph 2?A . 吊篮B . 系绳C . 笼子D . 钩子（4） Astronauts train for spacewalks by .A . floating in spaceB . using virtual realityC . going on spacewalks outside a spacecraftD . training in water in a common swimming pool（5） According to the passage, which is NOT true?A . China can finish a spacewalk independently.B . Astronauts can breathe and drink in spacesuits.C . Astronauts can move around in space with the help of SAFER.D . Anatoly Solovyev is the first person to go on a spacewalk in the world.2. （12分） (2019八下·仁寿期末) 阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
(精品文档)新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)C卷
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）C卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）(2019·广州模拟) 阅读理解You know how much your telephone has changed over the past 10 years? Your car will change even morethan that in the next 10 years. One of the biggest changes is that cars will drive themselves."We certainly have the technology for it now." says Andrew Poliak of automotive(机动车辆的)technology supplier QNX." We expect self-driving cars to be a mainstream thing between 2020 and 2025."The American company Google has been working on self-driving cars for years. These cars are alreadyon the roads in the United States and are truly self-driving. They have to steering wheels(方向盘）or pedals(踏板). Last week, the police ordered one of Google's cars to stop for driving too slowly ona public road. The car was not breaking any law, so no one was punished.Another American company, Tesla, added an "Autopilot" feature to its cars last month. With theAutopilot turned on, the vehicle drives itself. The car will speed up, slow down, brake and drive byitself. You can take over driving any time by turning the steering wheel or touching a pedal. The caruses sensors to know when driveway changing is safe and whether it should speed up or slow down.Tesla Autopilot is made for cross-country driving. It keeps you in the driveway and helps you avoidhitting other cars. It does not work well on local roads, for it will not stop at a red light or stopsign.Reporter Carolyn Nicander Mohr tried the Autopilot feature of a Tesla earlier this month. She hada hard time trusting the car to do what it should do. She thought about disabling the Autopilot featuremany times during her trip. She wanted to take control at every bend in the road and hit the brake whenthe car in front of her slowed down. Yet the car drove perfectly.Other companies are working on self-driving cars, too. Marcedes-Benz, Audi, BMW. Volvo and Toyotaall have plans for such vehicles.（1） What do Andrew Poliak's words probably mean?A . It is too difficult for people to make self-driving cars now.B . Self-driving cars will be first put on the market in 2020.C . There will be more self-driving cars in use in the future.D . Nobody loves to use self-driving cars at the moment. （2） Why did the police stop the Google car?A . It had no driver.B . It went to slowly.C . It broke the traffic rulesD . It had no steering wheel.（3） The underlined word "brake" probably means ______.A . 加油门B . 刹车C . 前进D . 后退（4） According to the text, Tesla Autopilot ________.A . is truly self-drivingB . can sense traffic lightsC . won't work on freewaysD . isn't safe in crowded areas（5） From the passage, we can infer that _______.A . self-driving cars are popular nowadaysB . self-driving could be trusted by anyoneC . a special driveway should be built for self-driving carsD . self-driving cars need improving2. （12分） (2019九下·宿豫期中) 阅读理解Solar storms shake Earth's magnetic field(磁场). They not only influence human technology, but also animals, reported Forbes.Studies show that many animals use changes in Earth's magnetic field to find directions. These changes provide the animals a general compass(指南针) for south and north. Animals can also use them as landmarks.For example, scientists have found special cells in part of a bird's eye nervous system(神经系统). They seem to react to changes in the magnetic field.Some fish species, like the common t rout，have cells with magnetic sensors in their nasal cavity(鼻腔). In 1994 "magnetic sense" was also discovered in sea turtles.Some w hale species may use magnetic sense to navigate (导航) the oceans. A dysfunction of this sense may explain the still mysterious beachings (动物搁浅). Sometimes several hundred animals, such as whales and dolphins, are driven out of water along beaches. They usually can't breathe under their own weightand die slowly.（1） What do many animals use to find directions?A . Solar storms.B . Magnetic field.C . Changes in magnetic fieldD . General compass（2） Which of the following animals is mentioned in the passage?A . DogB . Trout.C . Wolf.D . Panda.（3） What does the underlined word "dysfunction" in paragraph 5 mean in Chinese?A . 机能正常B . 机能失调C . 机能更新D . 机能优化（4） Why whales and dolphins die after being driven out of water?A . Because they are too heavy.B . Because there is no water.C . Because they have no magnetic senseD . Because they are hungry.3. （10分）阅读短文，回答下列问题。
语文版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)B卷
语文版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）B卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）阅读理解Vision—phones(可视电话)Many inventions are very useful in our daily life. They have greatly changed our life. For example, radios, telephones and televisions are widely used in the world. When you turn on the radio, you can listen. But when you use the telephone, you can not only listen to others but also chat with them. However, you can't see anything at all. The television is much better than both of them. People can watch TV and listen to it, but they can't take part in what they see.Today, some people are using a type of telephone called the vision phone. With it two people can see each other when they are talkingVision-phones can be of great use when you have something to show the person when you are calling him or her. It may also have other uses in the future. Some day you may be able to call up a library and ask to read a book over your vision-phone. You may be able to do some shopping through it too. Perhaps in the future, the vision-phone will come into wide use in our everyday life.（1） According to the passage, we can guess that the _______ was invented last.A . radioB . televisionC . telephoneD . vision-phone（2） Maybe the vision-phone can take the place of(代替) _______ some day.A . the radioB . the telephoneC . the televisionD . the car（3） According to the passage, what can we do through the vision—phone?A . Take medicine.B . Order what we need.C . Travel around the world.D . Try on clothes.（4） Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A . The vision-phone is more advanced (先进的) than radios telephones or televisions.B . People will use the vision-phone in the future less than now.C . Vision-phones will be unhelpful in people's life.D . It is impossible to do some shopping through the vision-phone.2. （12分） (2018八上·深圳期中) 阅读理解How do you light up the night sky? The answer is by using electricity. But did you know that nature can glow (发光), too?Scientists have found many glowing living things. Most of them live in the ocean. Some use their lights to talk to each other. Others use them to hunt, to mate (交配) or to protect themselves. The vampire squid (幽灵蛸), for example, uses a cloud of light to scare enemies.Scientists around the world are looking at this kind of light for new ideas. In 2013, the US company Gleaux said it has created the world's first light-producing plant, the Daily Mail reported. It is a genetically-modified (转基因的) plant. It can glow like a firefly.Alexander Krichevsky, the company's founder (创始人), and other scientists hope that in the future, glowing plants could replace lamps and glowing trees could light up highways. Krichevsky also hopes thetechnology could be used in farming. Farmers could know when their crops need water or are ready to be picked if they glow.While Gleaux is working on glowing plants, the French company Glowee is trying to use glowing bacteria (细菌) to light up shop windows and street signs. It's the same type of bacteria that cause a type of squid to light up, New Scientist Online reported."Our goal is to change the way we produce and use light," said Glowee founder Sandra Rey. "We want to help reduce the 19 percent of electricity consumption (消耗量) that is used to produce light.（1） Which of the following is TRUE about glowing animals?A . They use electricity to light up the night sky.B . Some of them use their light to talk to each other.C . They only live in the deep ocean.D . They can collect light from nature.（2） According to Krichevsky, _____ in the future.A . the world's first light-producing plant will be createdB . glowing plants will be used as lampsC . crops will be able to talk to farmers by glowingD . electricity could light up shop windows（3） What's the purpose of Glowee's research on glowing bacteria?A . To compete with the US company Gleaux.B . To create the brightest light in the world.C . To change the way we produce and use light.D . To help produce more electricity in the future.（4） What is the best title of the passage?A . How to light up the skyB . Plants light our livesC . The reason for saving electricityD . The way to produce light3. （10分） The building is shaking. A woman with a baby in her arms is trying to open the door, but fails. Finding no way, she rushes into her bedroom and there they survive the earthquake.In a factory building, as the workshop floor swings under the terrible shaking, workers run for safety. Some hide(隐藏) under the machines and survive , but others who try to run outside are killed by the falling ceilings.These scenes, played by actors and actresses, are from a film of science education 《Making a Split Second Decision》 shown in 1998 on China Central TV in memory of Tangshan Earthquake.By studying actual cases in the earthquake areas and scientific experiments, experts(专家)find that buildings remain untouched for the first 12 seconds of an earthquake.In this short time, one has the best chance of surviving an earthquake by staying near the inside walls, in bedrooms and under beds, experts concluded in the film. “Earthquakes seem to catch the lives of those who run,” said many survivors in the earthquake areas, describing how their friends were killed on the doorways or along the stair steps as they tried to get out of the building.Their advice was proved in the film, “Take a hid ing-place where you are rather than run, unless you are sure you can reach a safe open place in ten seconds.”（1）The word “survive” appears in the passage several times. It probably means in Chinese.A . 遇难B . 幸存C . 恐惧D . 摇晃（2）The workers who tried to run outside the building died because .A . the factory building was shaking terriblyB . they were making a filmC . they didn’t have enough time to run outsideD . they were too nervous（3）The passage suggests that you should when an earthquake happens.A . cry for helpB . not move and lie on the floor at onceC . run down the steps as fast as you canD . find a safe place and hide in at once or run out in ten seconds（4）Where can we probably find this passage?A . In a magazine.B . In an advertisement.C . In a history book.D . In a poster4. （10分） (2019九上·泰州月考) 阅读理解Everybody dreams. But only some people remember their dreams. Our dreams often include all the senses ---- smells, sounds, sights, tastes and things we touch .Sometimes we dream the same dream over and over again.Early in the twentieth century, two famous scientists developed their personal ideas about dreams.Austrian psychiatrist (奥地利心理学家) Sigmund Freud wrote a book called "The Interpretation (诠释) of Dreams" in 1900. Freud believed people often dream about things they want but can't have. Swiss (瑞士) psychiatrist Carl Jung worked closely with Freud for several years, but he believed dreams provide solutions to problems we face when we are awake.Other researchers are studying how dreaming helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions (感情). Robert Stickgold is a professor of psychiatry (心理学教授) at Harvard University in Massachusetts. He says that when we dream, the brain is trying to make sense of the world. He does not agree with Sigmund Freud that dreaming is the way we express our hidden feelings and wishes.Scientists believe it is important to keep researching dreams. Doctor Stickgold says it's more than one hundred years since Sigmund Freud wrote his important book about dreaming. Yet there is still no agreement on exactly how the brain works when we are dreaming or why we dream.（1） From the passage we know ________.A . dreams are remembered by everyoneB . dreams express all that we think in our mindC . dreams include all the senses and things we touchD . how the brain works while dreaming（2） A book on dreaming was written by .A . Carl JungB . Sigmund FreudC . Robert StickgoldD . the writer（3） The underlined word "solutions" probably means ________ in Chinese.A . 解决的方法B . 分析的过程C . 面临的形势D . 坚持的立场（4） In the passage, all the psychiatrists ________.A . believe dreams can help people understand all the problems that they faceB . believe when we dream, the brain is trying to make sense of the worldC . study dreams and dreaming and have their own ideasD . have the same idea that people often dream about things they want（5） Which would be the best title for the passage?A . The Fact of DreamsB . The Ways of DreamsC . The Advice on DreamsD . The Mystery(奥秘) of Dreams and Dreaming5. （10分） Stress （压力） is everywhere in our everyday life. Not only men have it, but also women and young people.The most important reasons of stress are：death, diseases, exams, making money, getting married, moving houses, changing jobs, ending friendships and so on .How do you know whether you have stress? Could you give your answers to the following questions?If you answer "Yes" to more than two of these questions, you are one of those people with stress. So what can you do about it?Doing relaxing exercises, talking with friends and listening to light music are all usual ways of relieving（减轻） stress. However, doctors now say that there are easier ways—people should laugh and smile more often. When you laugh and smile, your body relaxes. They also say that people, especially men, should cry more often, because crying is the natural way of relieving stress.（1）Who has got stress in everyday life?A . Men and women.B . Young people.C . Both A and B.（2）If you have over problems listed in the table, you are the person with stress.A . twoB . threeC . eight（3）Which of the followings is NOT the reason of stress?A . Taking examsB . Taking sleeping pillsC . Making money.（4）What's the easier way to relax your body?A . Talking with friendsB . Doing relaxing exercises.C . Laughing, smiling and crying.（5）The main idea of the passage is .A . about stress and how to relieve your stressB . that there are many reasons for having stressC . that laughing and smiling more can help relieve your stress参考答案一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1、答案：略2、答案：略3、答案：略4、答案：略5、答案：略。
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)C卷
新人教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）C卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）(2019·广州模拟) 阅读理解You know how much your telephone has changed over the past 10 years? Your car will change even more than that in the next 10 years. One of the biggest changes is that cars will drive themselves."We certainly have the technology for it now." says Andrew Poliak of automotive(机动车辆的)technology supplier QNX." We expect self-driving cars to be a mainstream thing between 2020 and 2025."The American company Google has been working on self-driving cars for years. These cars are already on the roads in the United States and are truly self-driving. They have to steering wheels(方向盘）or pedals(踏板). Last week, the police ordered one of Google's cars to stop for driving too slowly on a public road. The car was not breaking any law, so no one was punished.Another American company, Tesla, added an "Autopilot" feature to its cars last month. With the Autopilot turned on, the vehicle drives itself. The car will speed up, slow down, brake and drive by itself. You can take over driving any time by turning the steering wheel or touching a pedal. The car uses sensors to know when driveway changing is safe and whether it should speed up or slow down.Tesla Autopilot is made for cross-country driving. It keeps you in the driveway and helps you avoid hitting other cars. It does not work well on local roads, for it will not stop at a red light or stop sign.Reporter Carolyn Nicander Mohr tried the Autopilot feature of a Tesla earlier this month. She had a hard time trusting the car to do what it should do. She thought about disabling the Autopilot feature many times during her trip. She wanted to take control at every bend in the road and hit the brake when the car in front of her slowed down. Yet the car drove perfectly.Other companies are working on self-driving cars, too. Marcedes-Benz, Audi, BMW. Volvo and Toyota all have plans for such vehicles.（1） What do Andrew Poliak's words probably mean?A . It is too difficult for people to make self-driving cars now.B . Self-driving cars will be first put on the market in 2020.C . There will be more self-driving cars in use in the future.D . Nobody loves to use self-driving cars at the moment.（2） Why did the police stop the Google car?A . It had no driver.B . It went to slowly.C . It broke the traffic rulesD . It had no steering wheel.（3） The underlined word "brake" probably means ______.A . 加油门B . 刹车C . 前进D . 后退（4） According to the text, Tesla Autopilot ________.A . is truly self-drivingB . can sense traffic lightsC . won't work on freewaysD . isn't safe in crowded areas（5） From the passage, we can infer that _______.A . self-driving cars are popular nowadaysB . self-driving could be trusted by anyoneC . a special driveway should be built for self-driving carsD . self-driving cars need improving2. （12分） (2019九下·宿豫期中) 阅读理解Solar storms shake Earth's magnetic field(磁场). They not only influence human technology, but also animals, reported Forbes.Studies show that many animals use changes in Earth's magnetic field to find directions. These changes provide the animals a general compass(指南针) for south and north. Animals can also use them as landmarks.For example, scientists have found special cells in part of a bird's eye nervous system(神经系统). They seem to react to changes in the magnetic field.Some fish species, like the common trout，have cells with magnetic sensors in their nasal cavity(鼻腔). In 1994 "magnetic sense" was also discovered in sea turtles.Some whale species may use magnetic sense to navigate (导航) the oceans. A dysfunction of this sense may explain the still mysterious beachings (动物搁浅). Sometimes several hundred animals, such as whales and dolphins, are driven out of water along beaches. They usually can't breathe under their own weight and die slowly.（1） What do many animals use to find directions?A . Solar storms.B . Magnetic field.C . Changes in magnetic fieldD . General compass（2） Which of the following animals is mentioned in the passage?A . DogB . Trout.C . Wolf.D . Panda.（3） What does the underlined word "dysfunction" in paragraph 5 mean in Chinese?A . 机能正常B . 机能失调C . 机能更新D . 机能优化（4） Why whales and dolphins die after being driven out of water?A . Because they are too heavy.B . Because there is no water.C . Because they have no magnetic senseD . Because they are hungry.3. （10分）阅读短文，回答下列问题。