毕业设计论文 外文文献翻译 中英文对照 铁路信号专业 .
铁路选线设计英文 文献英语
铁路选线设计英文文献英语Railway Alignment Design.Railway alignment design is a process of determiningthe route of a new railway line. It involves several stages, including:1. Reconnaissance: This is an initial survey of thearea to be traversed by the railway line. The purpose ofthe reconnaissance is to identify possible routes and to select the most promising one.2. Preliminary survey: This is a more detailed surveyof the selected route. The purpose of the preliminarysurvey is to collect data on the topography, geology, soil conditions, and other factors that will affect the designof the railway line.3. Location survey: This is a final survey of the route. The purpose of the location survey is to collect data onthe precise location of the railway line.4. Design: This is the process of designing the railway line. The design process includes determining the alignment of the line, the grades, and the curves.5. Construction: This is the process of building the railway line. The construction process includes clearing the land, grading the roadbed, and laying the track.The design of a railway line is a complex process that requires consideration of a number of factors, including:The topography of the area.The geology of the area.The soil conditions.The climate.The traffic volume.The train speeds.The operating costs.The design of a railway line must also comply with the applicable safety regulations.Recent Developments in Railway Alignment Design.There have been a number of recent developments in railway alignment design. These developments include:The use of new surveying technologies, such as GPS and LiDAR, to collect data on the topography and other factors that affect the design of the railway line.The use of computer-aided design (CAD) software to design the railway line.The development of new construction techniques, such as the use of prefabricated track panels, to reduce thecost of construction.These developments have made it possible to design and build railway lines that are more efficient, safer, and less expensive than ever before.Conclusion.Railway alignment design is a complex process that requires consideration of a number of factors. However, the use of new technologies and construction techniques has made it possible to design and build railway lines that are more efficient, safer, and less expensive than ever before.。
外文参考文献翻译-中文
外⽂参考⽂献翻译-中⽂基于4G LTE技术的⾼速铁路移动通信系统KS Solanki教授，Kratika ChouhanUjjain⼯程学院，印度Madhya Pradesh的Ujjain摘要：随着时间发展，⾼速铁路（HSR）要求可靠的，安全的列车运⾏和乘客通信。
为了实现这个⽬标，HSR的系统需要更⾼的带宽和更短的响应时间，⽽且HSR的旧技术需要进⾏发展，开发新技术，改进现有的架构和控制成本。
为了满⾜这⼀要求，HSR采⽤了GSM的演进GSM-R技术，但它并不能满⾜客户的需求。
因此采⽤了新技术LTE-R，它提供了更⾼的带宽，并且在⾼速下提供了更⾼的客户满意度。
本⽂介绍了LTE-R，给出GSM-R与LTE-R之间的⽐较结果，并描述了在⾼速下哪种铁路移动通信系统更好。
关键词：⾼速铁路，LTE，GSM，通信和信令系统⼀介绍⾼速铁路需要提⾼对移动通信系统的要求。
随着这种改进，其⽹络架构和硬件设备必须适应⾼达500公⾥/⼩时的列车速度。
HSR还需要快速切换功能。
因此，为了解决这些问题，HSR 需要⼀种名为LTE-R的新技术，基于LTE-R的HSR提供⾼数据传输速率，更⾼带宽和低延迟。
LTE-R能够处理⽇益增长的业务量，确保乘客安全并提供实时多媒体信息。
随着列车速度的不断提⾼，可靠的宽带通信系统对于⾼铁移动通信⾄关重要。
HSR的应⽤服务质量（QOS）测量，包括如数据速率，误码率（BER）和传输延迟。
为了实现HSR的运营需求，需要⼀个能够与 LTE保持⼀致的能⼒的新系统，提供新的业务，但仍能够与GSM-R长时间共存。
HSR系统选择合适的⽆线通信系统时，需要考虑性能，服务，属性，频段和⼯业⽀持等问题。
4G LTE系统与第三代（3G）系统相⽐，它具有简单的扁平架构，⾼数据速率和低延迟。
在LTE的性能和成熟度⽔平上，LTE- railway（LTE-R）将可能成为下⼀代HSR通信系统。
⼆ LTE-R系统描述考虑LTE-R的频率和频谱使⽤，对为⾼速铁路（HSR）通信提供更⾼效的数据传输⾮常重要。
英语文献翻译格式
西南交通大学毕业设计英语文献翻译年级： 2007级学号： 2007XXXX姓名： X X X专业：铁道运输指导老师： X X X2011年XX月XX日Britain railway(英文)Railway safety（小四times new roman，1.5倍行距）Already rail is one of the safest forms of travel and the long term improvement in rail safety is continuing. But the Chief Inspector of Railways has warned that some operators have tried to avoid taking measures to improve rail safety standards, or worse still, to reduce them. It is vital to ensure that there is no erosion of safety standards in the privatized railway. Existing standards of health and safety must be maintained and, where necessary, improved. Operators must not put commercial considerations ahead of safety. The Health and Safety Commission, together with its operational arm the Health and Safety Executive, which includes the Railway Inspectorate, is the independent regulatory body responsible for railway safety. The Railway Inspectorate has comprehensive powers to enforce the wide-ranging duties of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and associated Regulations.A new safety regime for the privatized railway was put in place in 1994. It reflects Rail track’s and train operating companies' obligations under the HSWA to operate safely. Rail track has responsibilities for both setting and enforcing safety standards. The single most important element in the regime is a requirement for each operator to prepare, and obtain acceptance of, a 'safety case'- a detailed document describing the operator's risk assessments and safety management systems. The regime also gave Rail track wide-ranging responsibilities for both setting and enforcing safety standards.We are determined to ensure, as part of improving the railways in the interests of passengers, that safety is not compromised. The Health and Safety Commission fully shares this resolve. It has recently gone out to formal consultation on draft regulations to oblige the privatized industry to replace or modify Mark 1 rolling stock by 2003 and to install train protection (which would apply the brake automatically in danger situations) on all trains and at all key signals by 2004. Mark 1 rolling stock has been criticized because of how it performs in certain types of accidents. The Commission has recommended that all Mark 1 rolling stock be英国铁路（中文翻译，居中）正文，小四宋体，1.5倍行距，如有多级标题，标题写法参照毕业设计正文格式铁路可以说是最安全的出行方式之一，并且铁路安全性的长期改善是持续的。
铁路专业外语
EMU(Electric Multiple Unit 动车组 Distance/Time Graph 列车运行图 Traffic forecast 运量预测 Rolling stock 车辆Train organization 列车运行组织 Line planning(train service planning) 列车开行方案Timetable(distance/time gragh) 时刻表（列车运行图） city poles 城市中心 subcontract 分包、转包Contracts of punctuality 准点协议compensation for delayed trains 准列车晚点赔偿Booking ,Withdrawal,Exchange and refund 定票、取票、换票和退票 traffic induced 诱增客流transferred from to rail 转移客流 price sensitive customers 票价敏感 quotas 配额buying in advance 提前购票 Prem’s offer 预售票Variable reduction 不同的折扣 rate of no-shows 缺席率 liquid-bulk tank cars 罐车, openflatcars 平车, hopper cars 底卸车, and traditional boxcars 棚车 capacity choke points 能力瓶颈commuter 通勤者____________安全隐患potential safety concerns 交通规则 traffic regulation 路标 guide post红/绿/黄灯red/green/ amber light 交通岗 traffic post 岗亭police box 打手势pantomime超车道passing/overtaking lane 单双程线single /dual carriageways 单行道one way only/traffic/road 双向交通 two-way traffic 双白线 double white lines 斑马线 zebra stripes 划路线机traffic line marker 交通干线artery/trunk traffic 自行车通行 cyclists only窄/不平整路 narrow/ rough road 陡坡 steep hill弯路curve road ; bend road 连续弯路 winding road 之字路double bend road 道路交叉点 road junction信号交叉口signalized intersection 十字路crossroad/ intersection 禁止通行no through traffic 此路不通 blocked不准超越keep in line ; no overhead 不准掉头no turns 安全岛 safety island 停车处 parking place不准停车 restricted stop 不准滞留restricted waiting 临街停车 parking on-street 街外停车 parking off-street街外卸车 loading off-street 当心人caution pedestrian crossing 拱桥 hump bridge修路 road works人山人海 crowded conditions 水泄不通 overwhelm犯交通罪committing traffic offences 执照被记违endorsed on driving license无证驾驶 driving without license 无第三方保险 without third-party insurance 轻微碰撞 slight impact 迎面相撞head-on collision相撞collided;撞车crash 连环撞a chain collision 辗过run over肇事逃跑司机 hit-run driver 冲上人道drive onto the pavement 交事故现场traffic accident scene 摄影测绘技术 photogram metric technology再现术reconstruction technology Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS)Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS)Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)impose 施加，强使，利用，征税 Car-Derived Vans 送货汽车 derive from 得自，由来，衍生 rigid vehicles 整体式车辆laden weight 装载重量 gross laden weight 总载货车maximum gross weight 最大总重量 maximum permissible gross laden weight 最大容许总装载重,最大容许满载总重(车辆）maximum permissibleconcentration 最大容许浓度 carrying capacity 承载能力，（电工）载流容量Environmental carrying capacitynumber plate 车牌“n times”, “n fold” “by a factor of n”表示增大到n 倍，“增加了n-1倍” ； sophistication 诡辩,强词夺理,混合 level of sophistication 复杂水平 Radio pager 无线电寻呼机account for 说明, 占, 解决, 得分 traffic analysis zone 交通分析分区 电流与电压的关系可用下式表示。
交通毕业设计外文及翻译（最终五篇）
交通毕业设计外文及翻译（最终五篇）第一篇：交通毕业设计外文及翻译Synchro在交通控制与设计中的应用在城市的较小的区域内，可以对区域内的所有交叉口进行控制;在城市较大的区域，可以对区域进行分区分级控制。
分区的结果往往使面控制成为一个由几条线控制组成的分级集中控制系统，这时，可认为各线控制是面控制中的一个单元；有时分区的结果是成为一个点，线，面控制的综合性分级控制系统。
现在对城市道路进行区域协调控制就是将其划分为多级多个信号控制子区，对信号子区进行协调控制，优化管理控制信号子区，然后对整个道路进行区域协调控制，达到整个城市道路优化的目的。
把城市道路划分为多个信号控制子区，也就是进行城市道路干线交叉口交通信号协调控制，把城市划分为多个主路控制，再把主路上各个交叉口进行联动控制，同时，对单个交叉口信号控制优化的同时需要考虑主路上下游各个交叉口的联动控制。
主路上的各个交叉口按照设计的信号配时方案进行运行，使车辆进入城市主干道交叉口时，不至经常遇到红灯，称为城市主干道交叉口信号协调控制，称为“绿波”信号控制。
城市单点交叉口作为城市交通网络中的重要组成部分，作为城市道路交通问题的关键点。
对城市单点交叉口，评价标准的参考指标：交叉口的通行能力、进口道的饱和度、道路交叉口进口道停车延误、交叉口进口道停车次数、进口道排队长度和汽车的油耗等。
交叉口定时信号控制配时方法在不断的改进之中，国内外大部分学者认为从不同的评价指标出发，可以采用不同的种优化算法寻求其它更合理的配时方法。
平面交叉口按交通管制方式可以分为全无控制交叉口、主路优先控制交叉口、信号灯控制交叉口、环形交叉口等几种类型。
主路优先控制交叉口，是在次路上设停车让行或减速让行标志，指令次路车辆必须停车或减速让主路车辆优先通行的一种交通管制方式。
交叉口是道路网中通行能力的“瓶颈”和交通事故的“黑点”。
国内外城市中的交通堵塞主要发上在交叉口，造成车辆中断，事故增多，延误严重。
火车类论文外文翻译
InterlockingIn railway signaling, an interlocking is an arrangement of signal apparatus that prevents conflicting movements through an arrangement of tracks such as junctions or crossings。
The signaling appliances and tracks are sometimes collectively referred to as an interlocking plant。
An interlocking is designed so that it is impossible to give clear signals to trains unless the route to be used is proved to be safe。
In North America, the official railroad definition of interlocking is：" An arrangement of signals and signal appliances so interconnected that their movements must succeed each other in proper sequence "。
Interlocking typesInterlockings can be categorized as mechanical, electrical (relay-based), or electronic/computer-based。
Mechanical interlockingIn mechanical interlocking plants, a locking bed is constructed, consisting of steel bars forming a grid。
铁路信号专业词汇中英对照版
铁路信号专业词汇(中英对照版)1 通信信号communication and signal2 信号工程signal engineering3 信号设计signal design4 信号signal5 信号理论signal theory6 信号系统signalling system7 信号配线signal wiring8 信号电路signal circuit9 点灯电路lighting circuit10 报警电路warning circuit11 接口电路interface circuit12 测试电路testiing circuit13 方向电路directional circuit14 电路设计circuit design15 电路分析circuit analysis16 延续进路succesive route;succesisve route17 信号楼signal box;signal tower18 控制中心control center19 继电器室relay house;relay room20 电源室power supply roon;power supply room21 区间section22 信号施工signal construction23 信号厂signal shop24 工厂化施工industrial construction25 电缆接续cable connecting26 电缆敷设cable laying27 电缆敷设机cable laying machine28 铁路信号;铁道信号railway signalling29 固定信号fixed signal30 移动信号movable signal31 视觉信号vision signal;visual signal32 闪光信号flashing light signal;flash signal;flashing signal33 音响信号acoustic signal;whistle signal34 手信号hand signal35 防护信号protecting signal;protection signal36 机车信号cab signalling37 驼峰信号hump signal;humping signal38 区间信号section signaling;wayside signaling39 行车信号running signal;train signal40 调车信号shunting signal41 引导信号calling-on signal42 地面信号trackside signal;ground signal43 进站信号home signal44 车站信号station signal;signaling at stations45 出站信号starting signal 46 报警信号alarming signal47 事故信号accident signal48 色灯信号colour light signal49 信号色度signal colour fidelity50 信号标志signal indicator51 信号显示signal visibility;signal aspect and indication52 道口信号crossing signal53 道口自动信号crossing automatic signal;automatic level crossing signal54 道口通知设备crossing announcing signal;highway level crossing announcing device55 道口控制器crossing controller56 道口栏木crossing barrier;cross barrier at grade crossing57 道口防护crossing protection58 道口遥信遥测设备remote control crossing;remote surveillance and telemetering for highway l59 道口安全crossing safety60 道口事故level crossing accidents61 轨道电路track circuit62 交流轨道电路a.c.track circuit;ac track circuit63 脉冲轨道电路pulse track circuit64 无绝缘轨道电路jointless track circuit65 阀式轨道电路value-type track circuit;valve type track circuit66 音频轨道电路audio frequency track circuit67 极频轨道电路polar freguency coded track circuit;polar-frequency pulse track circuit68 移频轨道电路frequency shift track circuit;frequency-shift modulated track circuit69 长轨道电路long track circuit70 轨道电路区段track circuit district71 轨道电路测试track circuit testing72 轨道传感器track sensor73 计轴器axle counter74 钢轨阻抗rail impedance75 轨道绝缘;绝缘节rail insulation;insulation section76 极性交叉polar reversal;polar transposition77 钢轨接续线rail bond78 钢轨导接线;钢轨接续线rail bond;rail bond79 断轨保障broken rail protection80 断轨防护;断轨保障broken rail protection;broken rail protection81 轨道占用track occupied82 分路效应shunting effect83 调整状态normal state84 联锁interlocking85 集中联锁centralized interlocking86 继电集中联锁relay system interlocking87 电气集中联锁electric interlocking88 电子集中联锁electronic concentration interlocking89 微机集中联锁microcomputer-based interlocking90 非集中联锁non-centralized interlocking91 电锁器联锁interlocking with electric lock;interlocking by electric locks92 色灯电锁器联锁colour light interlocking system with electriclock;interlocking by electric locks with color light-si93 臂板电锁器联锁interlocking system of semaphore signal;interlocking by electric locks with semaphore94 联锁设备interlocking equipment95 电锁器electric lock96 转辙器switch97 导管装置pipe installation98 锁闭设备locking device99 表示设备indication panel;display board100 信号表示signal indication101 锁闭locking102 解锁release103 闭塞blocking;block system104 人工闭塞manual block105 区间闭塞section block;section blocked106 半自动闭塞semi-automatic block;semi-automatic block system107 继电半自动闭塞all-relay semiautomatic block;all-relay semi-automatic block system108 自动闭塞automatic block;automatic block system109 移频自动闭塞frequency shift modulated automatic block;automatic block with audio frequency shift modulat110 脉冲自动闭塞pulse automatic block;automatic block with impulse track circuit111 极频自动闭塞polar frequency coded automatic block;automatic block with polar frequency impulse track112 交流计数自动闭塞a.c.counting code automatic block113 计轴闭塞axle counter permissive block114 单线闭塞single line block115 移动闭塞movable block116 无线闭塞wireless blocking117 电子闭塞electronic blocking118 列车接近通知train approach announcement 119 区间占用block occupancy;section occupied120 区间占用位置检测location detecting of occupied section 121 移频机车信号frequency shift cab signal122 点式机车信号intermittent type cab signalling;intermittent type cab signaling123 连续式机车信号continuous cab signal;continuous type cab signaling124 无线机车信号radio cab signalling125 机车信号设备cab signalling equipment;cab signaling equipment126 车上信号设备cab signal device127 地面信号设备trackside signal facility128 感应器inductor129 点式自动停车intermitent type automatic train stop130 自动停车装置automatic stopping device;automatic train stop equipment131 列车自动控制automatic train control132 列车自动控制系统automatic train control system 133 列车自动控制装置automatic train control device 134 列车自动防护automatic train protection135 列车自动防护系统automatic train protection system136 列车自动运行automatic train operation137 列车自动减速automatic train deceleration138 列车速度自动监督automatic train speed supervision139 超速防护train overspeed protection140 测速装置speedometer141 列车运行监测train running monitoring142 车次表示train number display;train number indication143 车次自动表示;车次自动显示automatic train number display144 车辆抄号设备wagon number checking eguipment145 车辆识别装置vehicle identifier146 监视装置monitor device147 监视系统monitor system;supervision system 148 跟踪系统tracing system149 卫星监测satellite monitoring150 卫星定位satellite localization151 列车位置表示train location indication;train position indication152 行车指挥自动化running command automation;automation of traffic control153 调度集中centralized traffic control;ctc;centrallized traffic control154 调度集中装置centralized traffic contol installation155 计算机辅助调度computer-aided dispatching156 遥控remote control157 遥信装置remote-signal equipment158 调度监督dispatchers supervision;dispatchers supervision system159 调度监督设备dispatchers supervision equipment 160 进路控制route control161 进路控制装置routing control equipment162 编组站自动化automation of marshalling station 163 自动化编组站automatic marshalling station 164 自动化驼峰automatic hump yard165 驼峰溜放调速humping governing166 编组站测速yard speed measurement167 编组站测长yard distance-to-coupling measurement168 编组站测阻yard rollability measurement169 编组站测重yard weight sensing170 驼峰机车信号hump cab signalling171 驼峰电气集中联锁electric interlocking for hump yard172 车辆加减速器car accelerator/retarder173 车辆减速器car retarder174 车辆缓行器;车辆减速器wagon retarder;wagon retarder175 减速顶retarder;dowty retarder176 溜放速度free rolling speed177 进路存储器route storage178 制动位retarder location179 目的制动objective breaking;target braking180 自动摘钩设备automatic uncoupling equipment 181 牵引小车pushing trolley182 铁鞋skate;cast brake shoe183 信号设备signal facility;signal device184 信号机signal185 色灯信号机colour light signal;color-light signal 186 透镜式色灯信号机multi-lens colour light signal;multi-lenses signal187 探照式色灯信号机colour searchlight signal188 臂板信号机semaphore signal189 信号灯signal lamp;signal light190 信号灯泡signal light bulb191 信号玻璃signal glass192 灯丝转换filament transfer193 信号电缆signal cable194 信号表示器signal repeater195 应答器transponder196 信号继电器indicating relay197 电码继电器code relay198 插入式继电器plug-in relay;plug-in type relay 199 安全型继电器safety relay 200 时间继电器;延时继电器time relay;time delay relay201 电磁继电器electromagnetic relay202 座式继电器desk type relay;shelf-type relay203 轨道继电器track relay204 返还系数release factor205 继电器接点relay contact206 继电器线圈relay coil207 接点contact point208 转辙机switch machine209 电动转辙机electric point machine;electric switch machine210 电空转辙机electropneumatic point machine;electropneumatic switch machine211 液压转辙机hydraulic switch machine212 转辙机部件switch machine part213 道岔转换switch setting;switch in transition214 道岔锁闭switch locking;switch point locking 215 道岔密贴调整switch adjustment216 挤岔splitting of point tongue;forcing open of the point217 信号电源signal power supply218 电源屏power supply panel219 电源转接屏power switch board220 备用电源stand-by power supply221 不间断电源uninterrupted supply222 电池battery;cell223 太阳能电池solar cell224 太阳能电源solar power supply225 充电battery charging226 信号供电singal feeding227 自动转换automatic transition228 信号维修signal maintenance229 测试test230 信号测试台signal test board231 检修repair232 检测器detector。
(完整word版)铁路专业中英文对照词汇
(完整word版)铁路专业中英文对照词汇铁路—专业词汇（中英对照版)elevated railway， overhead railway, aerial railway 高架铁路mine railway 矿区铁路funicular （railway) 缆索铁路，登山铁路light railway line 轻便铁道urban railway 市区铁路railway network 铁路网railway transport 铁路运输trial run 试车open to traffic 通车porter 搬运工人ticket inspector 查票员ticket 车票single ticket， oneway ticket 单程票return ticket， roundtrip ticket 来回票platform ticket 站台票railway station 车站station hall 车站大厅information desk 服务台waiting room 候车室passenger station 客车站time-table 时刻表arrival time-table 到站时刻表departure time-table 发车时刻表ticket-collector, gateman 收票员ticket office， booking office 售票处junction 枢纽站rail and water terminal 水陆联运站platform bridge 天桥luggage barrow 推行李车enquiry office， information desk 问讯处way station 小站label 行李标签luggage office 行李房left—luggage office 行李暂存处platform—ticket 验票口barrier 栅栏门platform 站台(electric） platform truck 站台车platform tunnel 站台地道platform roofing 站台顶棚station—master 站长terminal; terminus 终点站escalator 自动扶梯The train leaves the station at。