美国文学史复习表格
美国文学史及选读复习笔记（1-2册）
美国文学史及选读复习笔记（1-2册）History And Anthology of American Literature (V olumeⅠⅡ)美国文学史及选读1、2PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学1. 17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。
在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。
2. 17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史3. 美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,French ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portuguese (荷兰人，瑞典人，德国人，法国人，西班牙人，意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。
4. 美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.5. 第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。
6. 船长约翰?史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration)17th 早期出版，被认为是美国第一部真正意义上的文学作品in the early 1600s,have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.他讲述了filled with themes, myths, images, scenes, character and events,吸引了朝圣者和清教徒前往lure the Pilgrims and the Puritans.7. 美国第一位作家：1608年Captain John Smith写了封信《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”.8. 他的第二本书1612年《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”.9. 他一共出版了八本书，其中有关于新英格兰的历史及描述。
（完整word版）美国文学史复习要点整理【手动】
（完整word版）美国文学史复习要点整理【手动】美国文学史整理一、Colonial America 殖民时期1、New England：Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, andConnecticut.2、Doctrines of Puritanism清教American Puritanism stressed predestination（命运神定), original sin（原罪）, total depravity (彻底的堕落), and limited atonement (有限的赎罪)from God’s grace.3、Writing style：fresh, simple and direct and with a touch of nobility；the rhetoric is plain andhonest.4、Life style：hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety.5、Main writer:①Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩work：Common Sense (1776) 《常识》American Crisis (1776-1783)《美国危机》The Rights of Man《人权》The Age of Reason《理性时代》②Benjamin Franklin（本杰明·富兰克林）Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷查理历书》Autobiography 《富兰克林自传》③Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰弗逊Declaration of Independence (1776)《独立宣言》二、American Romanticism (early period) 浪漫主义前期1、Characteristics：①A rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism.反对理性主义的客观性。
美国文学史及选读
• 13.The National Day for Americans is ……？
• July 4th 1775 • June 4th 1775 • July 4th 1776 • June 4th 1776
• July 4th 1776
▪ 14.An important document was announced on that day. It is ……？
▪ 11.How did “ Thanksgiving Day” come into being?
▪ To memorize the helps given by Indianans.
The Last of the Mohicans
▪ 12.New England were ……？
▪ In the Southeast. Northwest. Northeast. Southwest.
• 16.The spirit highlighted in the Declaration of Independence is ?
• We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
▪ 21.The full name of MIT ? ▪ Massachusetts Institute of Technology
美国文学史复习资料(DOC)
附：作者及作品（第一、二册）一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution1。
本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)※《自传》“The Autobiography ”《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”2。
英美文学简易复习表格
天路历程
(Symbolizes human world， for "All the cometh is vanity"； everything and anything in this world is ”vanity"， have no value and no meaning; but this town "lay” in the way to the Celestial City， meaning pilgrims had to resist the temptations there when they made their way through）
William Shakespeare
威廉.莎士比亚
(Each hero has his weekness of nature： Hamlet, themelancholic scholar—prince, faces the dilemma between action and mind; Othello’s inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force； the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity; and Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes。）
3。 features：
（1)New poetical forms introduced, e.g. blank verse and sonnet；
美国文学史复习要点手动
美国文学史复习要点手动1.早期美国文学（17世纪-18世纪）-早期美国文学的发展受到清教徒移民和殖民地环境的影响。
-早期作品主题包括宗教信仰、苦难和恐惧。
-著名作家有威廉·布拉德福和乔纳森·爱德华兹。
2.启蒙时期文学（18世纪）-美国启蒙时期的文学受到欧洲启蒙思想的影响。
-作品主题包括理性、自由和平等。
-著名作家有本杰明·富兰克林和汤玛斯·潘恩。
3.罗曼主义时期文学（19世纪早期）-罗曼主义时期美国文学反对启蒙时期的理性主义。
-作品主题包括个人感情、自然和超自然。
-著名作家有华盛顿·欧文和爱默生。
4.特拉华文学（19世纪中期）-特拉华文学是19世纪中期美国文学的重要流派。
-作品主题包括农民和工人的生活以及美国西部探险精神。
-著名作家有赫尔曼·梅尔维尔和华尔特·惠特曼。
5.现实主义和自然主义时期文学（19世纪末-20世纪初）-现实主义和自然主义时期的文学关注社会问题和个人命运。
-作品主题包括工业化、城市化和阶级冲突。
-著名作家有马克·吐温和斯蒂芬·克莱恩。
6.现代主义时期文学（20世纪初-中期）-现代主义时期的文学反对传统形式和价值观。
-作品表现迷失、不安和心理困惑。
-著名作家有欧内斯特·海明威和F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德。
7.后现代主义时期文学（20世纪中期-现在）-后现代主义时期的文学拒绝一切形式的正统和稳定性。
-作品表现多样化的语言和视觉实验。
-著名作家有托尼·莫里森和大卫·福斯特·华莱士。
美国文学简史复习纲要
美国文学简史复习纲要Colonial Period殖民时期 (1600s-1790s)American Puritanism美国清教主义：self-examination/self-improvementI.JonathanEdwards (1703-1758)：Calvinist加尔文教徒II.BenjaminFranklin本杰明富兰克林 (1706-1790)(1)PoorRichard’s Almanac(2)The Autobiography自传Early AmericanRomanticism早期美国浪漫主义时期（1800s-1840s）1.features(1)As alogical result of the foreign and native factors at work, Americanromanticismwas both imitative and independent.II.WashingtonIrving华盛顿欧文 (1783-1859)1.several names attached to Irving(1)firstAmerican writer(2)themessenger sent from the new world to the old world(3)father ofAmerican literature美国文学之父2.works(1)The Sketch Book见闻札记: Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of SleepyHollowIII.JamesFenimore Cooper库柏 (1789-1851)1.works(1)Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子故事集 : TheDeerslayer, The Last of theMohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneer, The Prairie2.literary achievementsCooper’s Leatherstocking Tales effectively approximates the Americannational experience of adventure into theWest. He turned the west andfrontier as a useable past and he helped tointroduce western tradition toAmerican literature.Summitof Romanticism – NewEnglandTranscendentalism/AmericanRenaissance新英格兰超验主义---美国浪漫主义鼎盛时期(1840s-)I.Appearance提出1836,“Nature”by Emerson爱默生、《论自然》II.Features1.spirit/oversoul2.importance of individualism3.nature –symbol of spirit/God4.focus in intuition (irrationalism andsubconsciousness)III.Influence1.It helped to create the first American renaissance美国文学复兴–one ofthemost prolific period in American literature、independent Americanculture. IV.RalphWaldo Emerson（1802-1882）1.works(1)Nature—the manifesto ofAmerican Transcendentalism.《论自然》的发表是美国超验主义出现的标志。
美国文学史表格版
its great valueEmily Dickinson MassachusettsJames Russell Lowellpoet, critic, editorHis early poems are characterized by simplicity, wit andurban good nature.Frederick Douglass the only black Amn writer who achieved distinction in thefirst half of the 19th century.Henry W. Longfellow the only Amn man of letter to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s Corner in Westminster Abbey located in London.Harriet B. Stowe President Lincoln praised her as ―the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war.‖William D. Howells successful campaign biography of Lincoln help him to winthe Presidencyreasons: his international theme, psychological depth andrefined lang.Walt Whiteman developed a poetic style of originality; Emerson recognizedits great valueEdgar Allan Poe one of the most-beloved mystery writers in historyMark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens)Mississippi--"safe water" ;took aim squarely against racial prejudice, increasing segregation, lynchings, and the generally accepted belief that blacks were sub-humanSherwood Anderson He was called ―writer’s writer‖ because of his influence to other writers;He was influenced by Freud, so he was the first psychological writer; He was the first writer since Mark Twain to write in the colloquial style.Thomas Wolfe His creative energy can be termed ―torrential‖; He was a personal writer; He was an ambitious man; He was anoriginal artist.Katherine AnnePorter one of the finest stylists. She is a pure stylist. She handles the complex subjects with economy while penetrating the psychology of characters with great subtlety. She appears to penetrate the thoughts of people in detail and thus enable the reader to experience the internal life of thecharacter and his world.Sinclair Lewis 1.first Amn. author to win the Nobel Prize for lit in 1930.2.He was a sociological writer and satirist.3. theme—The city life was always corrupt whereas the country life waspure.Willa CatherHemingwaysouthern writer ; He was awarded the N.P. for lit in1950.William FaulknerHe was awarded the N.P. for lit in 1950.The Spy his first successful work; a novel about the US Revolution; historical novelThe Leather-Stocking Tales a series of novels (5); frontier novel Sea-novels The PilotNature regarded as the Bible of New England TranscendentalismThe American Scholar a famous speech; was considered America’s intellectual declaration of independenceCivil DisobedienceWalden☉ masterpiece☉ a book on self-culture and human perfectibility ☉held that spiritual richness was real wealth.☉exhibited Thoreau’s trust in the future and his ardent belief in a new generation of men.Mosses from an Old Manse a collection of short storyThe Scarlet Lettermarked the maturity of Hawthorne as a novelist; masterpiece; Hester Prynne;setting: in Boston in 1650’s; “A”: Adultery__ Able__ Angel; theme: depicting sin and its consequences; Roger Chillingworth -- Hester Prynne’s husband, an English scholar, a doctor; Arthur Dimmesdale -- aclergymanThe House of the Seven Gable a great novel of family decadence The Marble FaunPearl dynamic动态的symbolTypee first novel and remained his most popular work until the late 1930＇sMoby Dickmasterpiecetells everything: history, philosophy, religion and details of the operations of the whaling industry, so we call it an encyclopedia. white whale;a symbol of evil. Its whiteness signifies paradoxically death and corruption as will as purity, innocenceand youth.Ishmael narrator; __ same name with a character in Bible. He feels depressed and seeks escape by going out to sea on the whaling ship, but later he begins to feel the significance of love and companionship.Ahabcaptain of whaling ship; self-reliant individual, victim of solipsism, he denies the humanity and individuality of his fellowmenPequod whaling ship; the ship of Amn soul Leaves of GrassFree Verse (term)is a type of poetic form without fixed beat andregular rhyme scheme.the auction of the mind of manThe Raven an illustration of Poe’s poetic theoryThe Fall of the House of Usher―Melancholy‖ is the tone of the story.The story is narrated in suspense.Character--RoderickTheme--the disintegration and annihilation of ahuman mindUncle Tom’s Cabina serial in a magazine; did a great service to the anti-slavery movement, and brought its author; the first well-known sociological novel in Amn lit.The Gilded Age one of the first novel which tried to described the new morality of post-Civil War Am. ; One of the new elements--it creates a picture of the entire nation , rather than of just one region; the real theme is Am.’s loss of its old idealism; gave its name to the Am. Of the post-bellum period.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer a story about ―bad boys‖ --a popular theme in Amn lit; heroes fight against the stupidity of the adult world ; Twain creates a highly realistic background for the story.Tom is very romanticThe Adventures of HuckleberryFinnmasterpiece; the school of many late Western writers; Hemingway--―All modern Amn. lit comes from Huckleberry Finn.‖; embodies the search forfreedomThe Rise of Silas Lapham It related the story of a new upstart in mid—19thcentury Boston.moral and ethical道德risefirst period (1865—1882)The American, Daisy MillerThe Portrait of a ladyJames began to use the ―international theme‖second period (1882—1895)wrote novels of subtle studies of inter—personal relationships and plays but failed.third last period (1895—The Ambassadors The Wings of the Dove The Golden Bowl returned his ―international theme‖ , and reached thesummit of his artMaggie: A Girl of the Streets the first important naturalist novel in Am.; environment accounts for a great deal indetermining human fate.The Red Badge of Courage a war novel;war is a plain slaughter;HenryFleming – heroMc Teague the first full –bodied naturalist American novel; a naturalistic Amn novel and “a consciouslynaturalistic manifesto”The Octopusbest work; a novel about the battle between California. Wheat farmers and the Southern Pacific Railroad . Wheat is used as the symbol of lifeThe Sea-WolfThe Call of the Wild are taught in high school and college EnglishcoursesSister Carrie opening the new ground of Amn. Naturalism; did more to change modern Amn. fiction than anysince.American Tragedy his greatest novel trilogy三部曲: The Financier, TheTitan, The StoicCantosPound’s ―intellectual diary‖; a social history;It is Homeric and his hero has always been an Odysseus—figureThe love Song of J. AlfredPrufrock―The title is ironic. The “Love Song” is in fact about the absence of love;Prufrock is the image of an ineffectual, sorrowful, tragic 20th—centuryWestern man;Theme—frustration and emotional conflictThe Waste Land The title draws from the Fisher King legend; The poem consists of 5 parts: 1. The Burial of the Dead 2.A Game of Chess 3.The Fire Sermon 4.Death by WaterWhat the Thunder Sandtypes of Frost’s poetry: i. Dramatic poetry is to tell a story. The setting is realistic and the meaning is revealed in dialogue.ii. Meditation poetry is to instruct the reader. It starts with objects and moves to thoughts, finally the object becomes a symbol. iii. Satiric poetry are used to satirize. It uses animals to satirize human being and comments indirectly. iv. Philosophical poetry is to express philosophical ideas. It starts with objects but moves to abstract ideas. It is more pessimistic, shorter and lessdescription pf events.This Side of Paradise his first novel; established his reputation as a promising novelist in the circles of litFlappers and PhilosophersTales of the Jazz Age two collections of short stories; , reflected a contra dictionary mood and betrayed a sense of failure.The Beauty and the Damned the second novel; with the first one established Fitzgerald as the literary spokesman of the JazzAge.The Great Gatsby masterpiece; writing characteristics--1.choice of narrator e of symbol. 3.Impressionistic and colorful quality. 4.―It was the first step that Amn fiction has taken since Henry James‖--- T.S.EliotTender is the NightThe Last Tycoon not finishedThe Sun Also Risefirst major novel; paints the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation; Jake Barnes is really a Fisher King in an Eliotian Waste Land. His physical impotence is a token of modern man’sspiritual impotence.A Farewell to Arms i. a footnote to The Sun Also Rises; ii. Frederic Henry: an Amn serving in an Italian ambulance unit;Catherine Barkley: an English nurseTo Have and Have Not For Whom the Bell TollsThe Old Man and the Sea Hemingway won the Nobel Prize for lit in 1954 for this book due to his mastery of the art of modern narration; Hemingway’s philosophy: A man can be destroyed but not defeated.;language style --- brief and colloquial; Iceberg Principle: The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one eight ofit being above water.masterpiece—Winesburg, Ohio He explored the psychological and emotional aspect of Amn small-town life, with emphasis on lower-class figure.Babbitt―Babbitt‖ has found its way into the English dictionary as a synonym for the vulgar and philistinebusiness manArrowsmith DodsworthMy Antoniaheroine—Antonia hero—Jim BurdenThe Song of the Lark a criticism of the culturally sophisticated East Flowering Judas ;Ship of Fools;Pale Horse, Pale RiderSoldier’s Pay early period his first novel. The Marble Faun同上his first book of poems Mosquitoes同上second novel, but attract little attentionSartoris同上Faulkner began his Yorknapatawpha Saga—his imaginary southern mythical land.The Sound and the Fury同上one of his masterpiece；1.a tale told by an idiot；2.meaning of the title—the world is full of sound and fury, but signify nothing ；3.a sad story on the Compsons；theme—loss of love in thepresent worldAs I Lay Dying Second Periodan original stream of consciousnessnovelLight in August同上a powerful realistic novel, exposes racialproblemsAbsalom,Absalom同上a fable about the South；theme: denial of humanityGo down, Moses同上a collection of stories ；theme: moral injustice poisoned southern civilization at the rootThe Town Third Period The Mansion。
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It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know、
Transcendentalism
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Live in Old Manse, in Concord, Massachusetts
系列讲述了Natty Bumppo从青年到老年的故事,阅读顺序为5,2,4,1,3
The Last of the Mohicans 1826
The Prairie 1827
The Pathfinder 1840
The Deerslayer 1841
Fireside poets
WilliamCullen Bryant
Fireside poets
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
第一个获the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey的美国诗人
Evangeline1847
她将外国诗的forms引进美国、These two long narrative poems follow European forms but treat American legends、
The American Scholar
Transcendentalism
Henry David Thoreau
Livein Concord
Civil Disobedience
Essay,来自于a civil protest梭罗抵制奴隶制拒交税因此入狱
AWeek on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers
The first Am、eminent poet
后在New York Evening Post工作
Thanatopsis死亡观1817
发表在North American Review,她父亲投的稿
To aWaterfowl1818
做律师养活自己,上班的路上可以瞧到水鸟、EnglishauthorMatthew Arnold: the most perfect brief poem in the language
Tห้องสมุดไป่ตู้e Pilot 1823
用到了她在海上的经历使她成为an early creator of sea stories
The Pioneers 1823
根据她曾经在frontier settlement的生活经历创作
系列名:The Leatherstocking Series,名字来源于theirfrontiersman hero, Natty Bumppo、
The Murders in the Rue Morgue
Detective stories
inspired thecreationof SherlockHolmes
The Mystery of Marie Roget
The Purloined Letter
The Fall of the House of Usher
Bracebridge Hall
Werealmost as popular as his first great success、见闻札记
Tales of a Traveler
Romanticism
James Fenimore Cooper
Thefirst great Am、Novelist
(entered Yale at 13)
时期
流派
作家名
代表作
作品细节
Romanticism1820-1865
Romanticism
WashingtonIrving
(a minister in Spain in 1841)
The Life of George Washington 859
Lastwork、publish before his death, the fifth volume、biography
His best
gothic tales
TheTell-Tale Heart
The Cask of Amontillado
WilliamWilson
The Philosophy of Composition
An essay、It is a critical reflection of his poem“The Raven”
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Gothic literature、These two stories are fromThe Sketch Book 1820,which talked about the charm ofEnglishlife and manners、
Pip Van Winkle
Cooper had been hasty and careless aboutdetails写作时
她作品中的女性都就是扁平性人物并且都一样,as James Russell put it、
Precaution 1820
她本来不会写东西,但出人意料地真的写出了一部小说且出版
The Spy 1821
Harvey Birch在American Revolution时作为特工的故事
The Song of Hiawatha 1855
APsalm of Life 1838
Tell me not, in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream!
Dark romanticism
Edgar Allan Poe
His contribution: exploration of the dark side of human nature,his creation of incidents and symbols
Nature
Essays, reflect hisoptimisticphilosophy
The American Scholar---Oliver Wendell Holmes“our intellectual Declaration of Independence”
Self-Reliance
The Over-Soul