职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-106
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-51
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-511、Intellectual DisabilityPeople with intellectual disability form one of the largest single disability groups in a community. Intellectual disability refers to a general slowness to learn and function within society, and the identification of intellectual disability is usually based on an assessment of a person's performance in a variety of tests. An individual's level of performance, as assessed, can change with time and circumstances. With skilled training and opportunity for development, people with intellectual disability have much greater potential for acquiring skills and for participation in community life than previously had been thought possible.In many western societies, five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in order to indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning. All five may occur in either children, adolescent or adult, and show as mild, moderate, severe, profound or multiple intellectual disability.For the majority of intellectual disabilities, there is noidentifiable cause but there are some causes that are well documented. They include: brain damage at birth due to lack of oxygen—prolonged labor during childbirth; brain damage before birth due to factors such as rubella (风疹), drug or diet-related problems; damage after birth due to illnesses such as encephalitis(脑膜炎) or accident; hereditary defects in the genes; abnormal chromosome count resulting in, for example, Down Syndrome(唐氏综合症).Like everyone else, people with an intellectual disability need a rewarding job, a satisfying place to live and a good social life. But they may need extra support to achieve these things. Good support services are based on the principle of normalization—which means enabling people to be part of the community like everyone else,With the introduction of the intellectually disabled into communities, there is a need to promote awareness of communication. Although many people may have little experience in talking with an intellectually disabled person, there are common guidelines that can simplify the interaction. Firstly, it is useful to remember that people with disabilities have feelings. Speaking in the same friendly manner as you would to anyone else is also recommended. Being prepared to wait a little longer for replies during a conversation with anintellectually disabled person would undoubtedly benefit the exchange.Five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used to____.【单选题】A.assess the degree of difficulty an individual has with learningB.illnesses such as encephalitis or accidentC.they also have feelingsD.an assessment of a person's performance in a variety of testsE.factors such as rubella, drug or diet-related problemsF.benefit the exchange正确答案:A答案解析:根据题干线索词Five categories定位原文至第二段第一句“five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in order to indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning”，由此推断，句中画线部分即为所需添加成分。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-107
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1071、Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be build until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit is scientifically evaluated, he said. "Nobody's going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information," Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation.____A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day. By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people.As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas. For example, Telstra,Optus and Videophone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults. He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.Then who finances the research? According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide ranging inquiry in to possible health effects.【单选题】A.He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that ofadults.B.By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people.C.“If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,”he said.D.Then who finances the research?E.For example, Telstra, Optus and Videophone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community.F.The conclusion is that mobile phones bring more harm than benefit.正确答案:C答案解析:空格处应该填入与low-level radiation有关的内容，例如low-level radiation究竟有害还是无害。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-34
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-341、Musical Training Can Improve Communication SkillsAmerican scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation. They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that could help children with learning disabilities.Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois. She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This process is not much different from learning how to speak. ____.She further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. The brain stem controls our ability to hear. Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But Professor Kranss and her teamfound that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument ---- the cello.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech. The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better.【单选题】A.Both involve different senses.B.Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.C.Some disabled children attended the musical training Class.D.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities.E.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech.F.The brain stem controls our ability to hear.正确答案:A答案解析:本段的第二、三句说，音乐训练和学习这两件事没有什么：很大的不同。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-109
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1091、Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.【单选题】A.damagedB.shakenC.fallenD.jumped正确答案:A答案解析:数百座楼房在地震中被毁坏。
本题难度不大，考察的是单词的基础含义，干扰项干扰不强，wrecked指“毁坏”，和damaged“毁坏”是同义词，shaken“摇动”，fallen，意为“趺落”，都不是最佳答案，答案是A。
2、Last winter, she bought a pair of beautiful boots.【单选题】A.glovesB.shoesC.trousersD.sunglasses正确答案:B答案解析:shoes:各种鞋的总称，可以和boots（靴子）互换；glove:手套；trousers:裤子，通常用这个词的复数形式；sunglasses:太阳眼镜、墨镜。
3、Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis.【单选题】A.lived onB.depended onC.believed inD.joined in正确答案:B答案解析:显然这些人在危机关头值得依靠。
本题有一定难度，考察的是基本意义，C项的干扰最大，有些考生因受汉语思维影响而选了C，rely on和depend on都有“依靠”意思，是近义词，常用过去式，C项believe in指“相信”，和答案意义有差异，最佳答案是B。
4、I want to provide my boys with a decent education.【单选题】A.goodB.specialC.privateD.general正确答案:A答案解析:我想给儿子们提供良好教育。
本题难度不大，也是送分题。
decent指“体面的，相当好的”，和good“好的”是近义词，其他三项都是常用词，和答案意义差异大，干扰性不强。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-101
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1011、Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago, life expectancy in developed countries was about 47 in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest ____ of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and oftenhighly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far less deadly today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factors have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations against common diseases. In addition , people's general health hasimproved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food, better and warmer housing, and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those spread by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leading to more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.【单选题】A.peopleB.killersC.inventionD.nation正确答案:B答案解析:从下一句可以看出此处应指那些不治之症。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-171
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及
答案0523-171
1、What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?【单选题】
A.retirement
B.advertisement
C.advancement
D.replacement
正确答案:C
答案解析:题干大意：如果我留下，提升的机会是什么??promotion意为“升职”，如：
1
May?I?offer?my?congratulations?on?your?promotion?（请允许我对您的晋升表示祝贺。
）retirement意为“退休”，如：Your?retirement?is?really?a?great?disappointment?to?me.（您退休了，真是令我非常失望。
）advertisement意为“广告”，如：This?advertisement?will?capture?the?attention?of?TV?audienc es.（这广告将引起电视观众的注意。
）advancement意为“晋升”，最符合题意，如：His?advancement?to?the?position?of?manager?was?greeted? with?enthusiasm.（他被提升为经理，大家都为之欢呼。
）replacement意为“代替”，如：They?have?got?a?replacement?for?him.（他们把他替换下来。
）
1、I will take up teaching this September.【单选题】
A.start
B.get off
2。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-180
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1801、College Night Owls Have Lower GradesCollege students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls(晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.They had 824 undergraduate(大学本科生的) students complete a health survey that in cluded questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs) than those who are night people."The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co - author Daniet J. Taylor said in a prepared statement. "Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法) to help students retrain their biological clock to becomemore morning types," Taylor said.The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional (专业的) Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia (失眠) and a decline in college students' academic performance.The study included 64 psychology, nursing and medical students, average age 27. 4 years, who were divided into two groups—low GPAs and high GPAs.Among those with low GPAs,69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or twitches (痉挛) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep, and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day."In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study author Dr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic performance, including GPAs."。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-123
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1231、Nurse! I Want My MummyWhen a child is ill in hospital, a parent's first reaction is to be with them.Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep overnight with their child, providing a bed or sofa on the ward.But until the 1970s this practice was not only frowned upon (不赞同) —it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children would be upset when their parents left, and so there was a blanket (通用的) ban.A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study "Nurse, I want my mummy!" published in 1974, changed the face "paediatric (儿科的) nursing.Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of nurses like Pamela had changed the face of patient care."Pamela's study was done against the ____ of a lively debate inpaediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital." "The idea was that if mum came to visita small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable (无法安慰的) for hours. ""Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. " "Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that mum was ever coming back.""To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit." "But children were alone and depressed, so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit."Dr. Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work had been seminal (开创性的)."Her research put an end to the days when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward.""As a result of her work, parents are now recognized as partners in care and are afforded the opportunity to stay withtheir children while they are in hospital, which has dramatically improved both parents' and children's experience of care."【单选题】A.fieldB.backgroundC.circleD.history正确答案:B答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查固定搭配against the background的用法，against the background指“在……的背景下”，文章此处是说“Pamela是在儿科学和心理学有关……的热烈争论的背景下做了这项研究”，答案是B。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-116
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1161、Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be build until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit is scientifically evaluated, he said. "Nobody's going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information," Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. “If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,” he said.A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day. By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones:nearly one for every two people.As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas. ____ The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults. He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.Then who finances the research? According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide ranging inquiry in to possible health effects.【单选题】A.He says there is emerging evidence that children absorblow-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults.B.By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 10 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people.C.“If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,”he said.D.Then who finances the research?E.For example, Telstra, Optus and Videophone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community.F.The conclusion is that mobile phones bring more harm than benefit.正确答案:E答案解析:第一句说的是，许多微波发射塔建在人口稠密的居民区。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-129
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1291、Happy Marriage, Happy HeartHappily married people have lower blood pressure than unhappily married people or singles, a Brigham Young University study says.On the other hand, even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit for singles or unhappily married people, according to the study."There seems to be some unique health benefits from marriage. It's not just being named that benefits health-what's really the most protective of health is having a happy marriage," study author Julianne Holt Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health, said in a prepared statement.The study included 204 married and 99 single adults who wore portable blood - pressure monitors for 24 hours. The monitors recorded blood pressure at random intervals and provided a total of about 72 readings."We wanted to capture participants' blood pressure doingwhatever they normally do in everyday life. Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really ____ of the fluctuations (波动) that occur throughout the day," Holt Lunstad said.Overall, happily married people scored four points lower on the blood pressure readings than single adults. The study also found that blood pressure among married people, especially those in happy marriages dropped more during sleep than in single people."Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high throughout the night are at much greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops," Holt Lunstad said.The study was published in the March 20 issue of the journal Annals (年刊) of Behavioral Medicine.The study also found that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than both happily married and single adults. Holt Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one another, such as eating a healthy diet and having regular doctor visits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support, she said.【单选题】A.supportiveB.activeC.representativeD.protective正确答案:C答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查词义辨析。
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职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1061、Acceptance of Chronic IllnessFor chronically ill patients, giving up the hope that they will get better may actually lead to more happiness, U. S. researchers suggest."Hope is an important part of happiness, but there's a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness," Dr. Peter A. Ubel from the University of Michigan Health System said in a university news release.He and his colleagues studied patients who'd just had a colostomy (结肠造口术), which means their colons (结肠) were removed and they had to have bowel (肠) movements in a pouch (小袋) outside the body. At the time of the surgery, some patients were told the procedure was reversible and they'd have a second operation in a few months to reconnect their bowels. Other patients were told the colostomy was permanent.The patients were followed for six months, and the researchers found that those without hope of regaining normal bowel function were happier than those with reversible colostomies. "We think they were happier because they got on with their life. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards," Ubel said. "The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed. They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn't make the best of their current situation. "The study, published in the November edition of Health Psychology, also may explain why people whose spouse dies often recover better emotionally over time than those who get divorced, the researchers said.That's because people whose husband or wife dies have closure (结束), while those who get divorced may still have hope for some chance of making up, they explained.What could be the message of the passage? ______【单选题】A.Giving up hope means giving up happiness.B.Letting go of hope sometimes is a better choice.C.Hope is what makes people move on.D.Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.正确答案:B答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要通读全文。
文章第一段实际就是全文的主旨段落，谈到，对于病人来说放下治愈希望会更幸福，第二段第一句谈到，希望有时候会有不好的一面，第四段，第五段都提到了研究者发现放下治愈希望的病人比持有希望的病人要开心，回来看选项，B项和原文句意相符，是答案。
1、Nurse! I Want My MummyWhen a child is ill in hospital, a parent's first reaction is to be with them.Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep overnight with their child, providing a bed or sofa on the ward.But until the 1970s this practice was not only frowned upon (不赞同) —it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children would be upset when their parents left, and so there was a blanket (通用的) ban.A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study "Nurse, I want my mummy!" published in 1974, changed the face "paediatric (儿科的) nursing.Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of nurses like Pamela had changed the face of patient care."Pamela's study was done against the background of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital." "The idea was that if mum came to ____a small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable (无法安慰的) for hours. ""Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. " "Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that mum was ever coming back.""To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit." "But children were alone and depressed, so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit."Dr. Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work had been seminal (开创性的)."Her research put an end to the days when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward.""As a result of her work, parents are now recognized as partners in care and are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children while they are in hospital, which has dramatically improved both parents' and children's experience of care."【单选题】A.worryB.controlC.visit。