2011全国大学生英语四级考试必不可少的试题及答案
2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题及答案中国网滨海高新： 时间：2010-06-19 14:58:192010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题阅读1.2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题阅读22010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题1-10题2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题11-17题2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题18-25题2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题26-33题2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题34-46题2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题47-56题2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题57题2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题58-62题2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题62-66题2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题67-77题2010全国大学生英语四级考试A卷试题62-66题2010年6月英语四级参考答案完整版(A卷)时间：2010-06-19 14:31:13来源：人民网资料：沪江网校发表评论>>关键词：英语四级答案英语四级考试完整版参考答案the内容摘要: 人民网教育频道在考后第一时间发布2010年6月本场考试的试题、参考答案、解析等内容，敬请期待。
这里是人民网教育频道为大家提供的2010年6月英语四级答案完整版(A卷)。
2010年6月英语四级考试刚刚结束，同学们考得如何？人民网教育频道在考后第一时间发布2010年6月本场考试的试题、参考答案、解析等内容，敬请期待。
这里是人民网教育频道为大家提供的2010年6月英语四级答案完整版(A卷)。
作文范文：Due Attention Should Be Given To SpellingCorrect spelling is a basic skill in English study. However, nowadaysmany students do not pay much attention to it.They have their own reasons for misspelling. First of all, they likean easy way of studying, which causes some omissions and changes inspe lling. Second, the teachers might not be very strict in students’spelling. In China, teachers seem to be more concerned with grammarand vocabulary but not spelling.To change this situation, in my opinion, the teachers and thestudents should work together. On one hand, the teachers should givemore attention to students’ spelling, asking the students to beconscious of the importance of correct spelling from the very beginningof their English study. On the other hand, the students themselves aresupposed to be aware that correct spelling is a must in English study.To sum up, correct spelling is so important that both students andthe teachers should spare no efforts to achieve correct spelling.快速阅读答案1. A) her daughters' repeated complains2. D) People haven't yet reached agreement on its definition3. C) can realize what is important in life4. A) it seriously affected family relationships5. C) depressed6. B) His family had intervened7. B) curb his desire for online gaming8. had an Internet addiction9. professional help10. online dating听力答案Section Ashort conversation11. C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.12. A) She will drive the man to the supermarket.13. C) Tidy up the place.14. A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday.15. A) He understands the woman’s feelings.16. D) She has to invite David to the party.17. C) Many students find Prof. Johnson’s lectures boring.18. D) Assemble a computer.long conversation19. B) It requires him to work long hours.20. D) It demands physical endurance and patience.21. D) In a hotel.22. B) Paying attention to every detail.23. A) The pocket money British children get.24. C) It often rises higher than inflation.25. B) Pay for small personal things.Section BPassage 126. B) District managers27. D) The important part played by district managers28. B) Fifty percent of them were female29. B) He was not gender sensitivePassage 230. C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly31. D) Y ou can’t tell how the person on the line is reacting32. D) Stick to the pointPassage 333. B) Architect34. A) Do some volunteer work.35. C) A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother.Section C36. curious37. figuring38. independent39. unusual40. interacting41. formal42. abstract43. mystery44. he has found out how it works and learnt to use it appropriately45. by trying it out and seeing whether it works, by gradually changing it and refining it46. including many of the concepts that the schools think only they can teach him[2] 仔细阅读完形翻译Section A47. G incredibly48. K replace49. J reduced50. L sense51. H powering52. D exceptions53. E expand54. O vast55. F historic56. I protectSection BPassage 157. C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible.58. A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.59. C) The early models often got damaged in the crash.60. C) To make them easily identifiable.61. A) There is still a good chance for their being recovered.Passage 262. B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking63. A) Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good64. B) Y ou are pointing out the errors he has committed65. C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lowertheir self-esteem66. B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy完型答案67. B) differ68. B) via69. B) used70. B) lies71. B) of72. D) selects73. A) sends in74. A) visible75. C) beyond76. D) allows77. B) behind78. D) insignificant79. C) corporations80. D) only81. B) later82. D) provided83. D) besides84. A) and85. C) widespread86. A) acquired翻译答案87. (in) concentrating on the experiment/ focusing her attentionon the experiment.88. did she become angry/did she lose her temper before.89. being invited to attend the opening ceremony.90. (should) be fixed/installed by the window91. the strong opposition of her parents/ her parents’ strongopposition.真的不错。
2011年6月-2011年12月四级英语考试试题及答案汇总(含原文听力)完整版-推荐下载
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which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules a about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct,
2011年12月英语四级真题及答案详细解析绝对完整版
2011年12月大学英语四级真题【试题完整版及答案完整版详解（包括听力原文详解）】PartⅠ Writing (30 minutes)Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillPartⅡ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Why Integrity MattersWhat Is Integrity?The key to integrity is consistency- not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules a about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct, Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it." "I'm not hurting anyone", or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm look at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I’m just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions and avoid excuses, if we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making - and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's an indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immolate benefits and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences ofgetting caught are serious and may include a "O" on a test or assignment, an "F" in the class, suspension (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact, when you break a role or law, you lose control over your life and give others the power to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable (脆弱的) position. There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.Getting Away with it - Or NotThose who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, which deprives (剥夺) him her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty and afraid of getting caught.Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Cheating Hurts Other, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumulative (累积的) effect. Cheating can spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30％or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat I can't compete with those who do") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of goof teaching is seeing students learn. But a cheater says. "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach, all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MartenIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others, if not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makes them known to othersC) understands their true values D) sees that others also follow them2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitates communicationC) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？A. To ensure we make responsible choices.B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C. So that we don’t break any rules.D. So that we don’t run into trouble.4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?A. it has caused no harm.B. it is claimed to be unintentional.C. it has gone unnoticed.D. it is committed with good intentions.5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?A. Avoid making excuses.B. Listen to other people’s advice.C. Make his intensions public.D. Have others watch over his shoulder.6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______.A. will often become more cautiousB. are usually very aggressiveC. value immediate benefits most.D. may lose everything in the end7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.A) pay more dearly B) become more confidentC) be widely admired D) feel somewhat lucky8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to __________.9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on ___________.10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of __________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
CET4《英语四级》真题及答案
2011年6月大学英语四(CET-4)级真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:Online Shopping1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine(烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs(厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chef such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the war, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations(配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurant are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱)of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while other are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditional and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particulary. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards(牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples(主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance(原产地). "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Brutishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dished to the table and offer individual plates for each dinner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries(烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred(神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."1. What is British food generally known for?A) Its unique flavor. B) Its bad taste.C) Its special cooking methods D) Its organic ingredients.2. The Second World War led to ____ in Britain.A) an inadequate supply of food B) a decrease of grain productionC) an increase in food import D) a change in people's eating habits3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighboring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?A) Its food lacked variety. B) Its people cared more for quantity.C) It was short of well-trained chefs. D) It didn't have flavorful food ingredients.4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ____.A) most young people B) elderly British dinersC) all kinds of overseas visitors D) upper-class customers5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?A) Authentic classic cuisine. B) Locally produced ingredients.C) New ideas and presentations. D) The return of home-style dishes.6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ____.A) benefit people's health B) look beautiful and invitingC) be offered at reasonable prices D) maintain British traditional tastes7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?A) They appeal to people from all over the world. B) They are produced on excellent organic forms.C) They are processed in a scientific way. D) They come in a great variety.8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from ____________________.9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ________________.10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to ___________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He is careless about his appearance.B) He is ashamed of his present condition.C) He changes jobs frequently.D) He shaves every other day.12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B) Jane should have started a little earlier.C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C) Collecting information about baseball games.D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.D) He has been having a hard time.15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.B) Jill missed her class last week.C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.D) She is in the same class as the man.18. A) A computer game.B) An imaginary situation.C) An exciting experience.D) A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.C) Pain and pleasure in sports.D) A sport he participates in.20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B) Much time is spent on collecting data.C) A lot of effort is made in vain.2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途D) The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.B) Director of evening radio programs.C) Producer of television commercials.D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. A) The restaurant location.B) The restaurant atmosphere.C) The food variety.D) The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C) There are many false notions about it.D) There are various ways to protect it.27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.D) It can permanently change the eye structure.28. A) It can never be done with high technology.B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery.D) It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage Two29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.D) They have jobs and other commitments.30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.C) They would like to spend more time with them.D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. A) Provide professional standard care.B) Be frank and seek help from others.C) Be affectionate and cooperative.D) Make use of community facilities.Passage Three32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.C) Common complaints made by office workers.D) Conflicts between labor and management.33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.C) Follow the government regulations strictly.D) Provide extra health compensation.34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.C) They sought help from union representatives.D) They wanted to work shorter hours.35. A) To show how they love winter sports.B) To attract the attention from the media.C) To protect against the poor working conditions.D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts(宇航员) someday may (36)__________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37)__________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38)__________ .Although no form of matter yet (39)__________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40)__________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41)__________ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42)__________ this in 1905, when he (43)__________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44)_________________________________________________________________________________________ .2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途An obsession(沉迷)with time-saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it-(45)_____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ . Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46)_______________________________________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second. Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said."The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego."It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the sameDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneSeveral recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing."One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration.""I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studies and explained.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?A) Conflicts between studies of different races are unavoidable.B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indians Univerisity study show?A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?A) Students of different races are required to share room.B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoGlobal warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)"However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B) Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A) Its statistics look embarrassing.B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.C) It deserves our closest attention.D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centreWhen it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds.Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy."。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
模拟试题1Part I Listening Comprehension (2 point each, 40 points)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D],and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) Look for a more expensive hotel.B) Go to another hotel by bus.C) Try to find a quiet place.D) Take a walk around the city.2. A) They’re talking about nice children.B) The man has a house for sale.C) The woman lives in a nice house.D) The man has three children.3. A) In a hotel.B) At a dinner table.C) In the street.D) At the man’s house.4. A) Relatives.B) Roommates.C) Colleagues.D) Neighbors.5. A) 5:00.B) 5:15.C) 5:30.D) 5:45.6. A) He wants to have more sleep.B) His wife doesn’t sleep well.C) Women need more sleep than men.D) He doesn’t need as much sleep as his wife.7. A) A student.B) A reporter.C) A visitor.D) A lecturer.8. A) To the school.B) To a friend’s house.C) To the post office.D) Home.9. A) He is afraid he won’t be chosen for the trip.B) The boss has not decided where to go.C) Such a trip is necessary for the company.D) It’s not certain whether the trip will take place.10. A) It was boring.B) It was entertaining.C) It was touching.D) It was encouraging.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) He wanted to find a place to read his papers.B) He wanted to kill time before boarding the plane.C) He felt thirsty and wanted some coffee.D) He went there to meet his friends.12. A) Toys for children.B) Important documents.C) Food and coffee.D) Clothes and scientific papers.13. A) The woman took his case on purpose.B) All his papers had been stolen.C) He had taken the wom an’s case.D) The woman played a joke on him.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) The liberation movement of British women.B) Rapid economic development in Britain.C) Changing attitudes to family life.D) Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.15. A) Because millions of men died in the war.B) Because women had proved their worth.C) Because women were more skillful than men.D) Because factories preferred to employ women.16. A) The concept of “the family” as a social unit.B) The attitudes to birth control.C) The attitudes to religion.D) The ideas of authority and tradition.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Those who are themselves spoiled and self-centered.B) Those who expected to have several children but could only have one.C) Those who like to give expensive jewels to their children.D) Those who give birth to their only children when they are below 30.18. A) Because their parents want them to share the family burden.B) Because their parents are too strict with them in their education.C) Because they have nobody to play with.D) Because their parents want them to grow up as fast as possible.19. A) Two types of only children.B) Parents’ responsibilities.C) The necessity of family planning.D) The relationship between parents and children.20. A) They have no sisters or brothers.B) They are overprotected by their parents.C) Their parents expect too much of them.D) Their parents often punish them for minor faults.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (1 point each, 40 points)21.Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people___.A. doB. hearC. do themD. hearing it22. This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___ left untreated.A. afterB. ifC. sinceD. unless23. The central provinces have floods in some years, and ___.A. drought in othersB. droughts are othersC. while other droughtsD. others in drought24. Do help yourself to some fruit,___ you?A. can’tB. don’tC. wouldn’tD. won’t25. There___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an e nd half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. be26. My mother can’t get ___ because she has rheumatism (风湿病).A. aboutB. onC. throughD. in27. I was very much put ___ by Mark’s rude behavior; it re ally annoy ed me.A. overB. offC. upD. by28. You ___ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.A. needn’t have toldB. needn’t tellC. mustn’t have toldD. mustn’t tell29. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there___ q uite such a crowd of people there.A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. w ouldn’t be30. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ___ quality control can be substantially reduced.A. whoseB. asC. whatD. that31. ___ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.A. LookingB. LookedC. Having lookedD. To look32. Many people are ___ to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital.A. insensitiveB. allergicC. sensibleD. infected33. When you’re driving on a motorway, you must obey the signs telling you to get into the right ___.A. wayB. trackC. roadD. lane34. The motorist had to ___to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road.A. swerveB. twistC. departD. swing35. In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from ___ on icy roads.A. skatingB. skiddingC. slidingD. slipping36. This project would ___ a huge increase in defense spending.A. resultB. assureC. entailD. accomplish37. The chances of a repetition of these unfortunate events are ___ indeed.A. distantB. slimC. unlikelyD. narrow38. We should make a clear ___ between ’competent’ and ’proficient’ for the purposes of our discussion.A. separationB. divisionC. distinctionD. difference39. In the present economic ___ we can make even greater progress than previously.A. airB. moodC. areaD. climate40. Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards;___, it shoul d rank high on any list of science fiction.A. consistentlyB. consequentlyC. invariablyD. fortunately41. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seeming ly___ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.A. exploitedB. controversialC. inexhaustibleD. remarkable42. While he was in Beijing, he spent all his time ___ some import ant museums and buildings.A. visitingB. travelingC. watchingD. touring43. Yo u must let me have the annual report without ___ by ten o’cl ock tomorrow morning.A. failureB. hesitationC. troubleD. fail44. As the director can’t come to the reception, I’m representing the c ompanyA. on his accountB. on his behalfC. for his partD. in his interest45. Dreams are___ in themselves, but when combined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer.A. uninformativeB. startlingC.harmlessD. uncontrollable46. The reporters exposed the corruption of several senior officers in the government; consequently, these officers _______ to resign from office.A. have askedB. were askedC. had askedD. had been asked47. The train _______ at th e present speed until it reaches the next city at about seven o’clock this evening.A. will be goingB. wentC. would goD. went48. Such _______ the ease, there are no grounds to justify your complaints.A. wasB. isC. is beingD. being49. I beg _______ your nephew’s wedding.A. to be excusedB. to be excused fromC. to excuse fromD. to be excused to50. The only candidate _______ can hope to defeat him is quit now,A. whoB. whichC. thatD. when51. Humble _______ it may be, there’s no place like home, _______ he may go.A. like, whenB. as, whereverC. although, whereD. which, wherever52. He ought to attend the meeting, _______?A. shou ld heB. ought heC. shouldn’t heD. oughtn’t he53. Mary is 18 years old this year; she _______ 19 next year.A. will beB. is to beC. is going to beD. should be54. Though it was late in the night, _______ he continued to work vigorously.A. butB. yetC. andD. that55. The doctor advised him to stay in bed, saying he was much _______.A. ill enoughB. too illC. so illD. very ill56. I was _______ study French yesterday, but I changed my mind.A. to be startingB. to startC. to have startedD. to have been starting57. You’d rather go to theater with him this evening, _______ ?A. are youB. hadn’t youC. isn’t itD. wouldn’t you58_______ that the formation of the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation of an interstellar gas cloud.A. It is believedB. BelievingC. Being believedD. To believe59. One of the most spectacular qualities of man is notably his _______ to any kind of natural environment.A. tendencyB. adoptabilityC. adaptabilityD. availability60. I’m in no _______ now to go to concert with you.A. moodB. intentionC. emotionD. sensePart III Reading Comprehension (2 points each, 50 points)Directions:There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is thief or a meter reader, and so on.The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服装) of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook (钱包). Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apartfrom minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.61. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ________.A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB) behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD) make friends with other people62. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ________.A) in order to identify themselves with othersB) in order to better identify othersC) as their mental processes changeD) as the situation changes63. The word “appraisal” (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means “________”.A) involvementB) appreciationC) assessmentD) presentation64. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to “________”.A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB) identification of other people’s statusesC) selecting one’s own statusesD) constant mental process65. By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that ofa Hindu prince” (Line 2-3, Para. 3), the writer means ________.A) different people have different styles of clothesB) ready-made clothes may need alterationsC) statuses come ready made just like clothesD) our choice of statuses is limitedPassage TwoQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s big difference between “being a writer” and writing. In most cases theseindividuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, no t the long hours alone at a typewriter. “You’ve got to want to write,” I say to them, “not want to be a writer.”The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer (自由撰稿者), I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it w as cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual type writer and felt like a genuine writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering, What if? I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.66. The passage is meant to ________.A) warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experienceB) advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writerC) show young people it’s unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fameD) encourage young people to pursue a writing career67. What can be concluded from the passage?A) Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding.B) A writer’s success depends on luck rather than on effort.C) Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation.D) The chances for a writer to become successful are small.68. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career?A) He wasn’t able to produce a single book.B) He hadn’t seen a change for the better.C) He wasn’t able to have a rest for a whole years.D) He found his dream would never come true.69. “... People who die wondering, What if?” (Line 3, Para. 3) refers to “those ________”.A) who think too much of the dark side of lifeB) who regret giving up their career halfwayC) who think a lot without making a decisionD) who are full of imagination even upon death70. “Shadowland” in the last sentence refers to ________.A) the wonderland one often dreams aboutB) the bright future that one is looking forward toC) the state of uncer tainty before one’s final goal is reachedD) a world that exists only in one’s imaginationPassage ThreeQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.It is everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyments, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire (能发出的全部声音). This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意识的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.71. By “... challenges explanation” (Line 2, Para. 1) the author means that ________.A) no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenonB) no explanation has been made up to nowC) it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanationD) it’s high time that an explanation was provided72. The third paragraph is mainly about ________.A) the development of babies’ early forms of languageB) the difficulties of babies in learning to speakC) babies’ strong desire to communicateD) babies’ intention to communicate73. The author’s p urpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ________.A) usually obey without asking questionsB) are passive in the process of learning to speakC) are born cooperativeD) learn to speak by listening74. From the passage we learn that ________.A) early starters can learn to speak within only six monthsB) children show a strong desire to communicate by making noisesC) imitation plays an important role in learning to speakD) children have various difficulties in learning to speak75. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) How Babies Learn to SpeakB) Early Forms of LanguageC) A Huge Task for ChildrenD) Noise Making and Language LearningPassage FourQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.76. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ________.A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB) the amount of monetary rewards for stud ent’ creativityC) the study of relationship between actions and their consequencesD) the effects of external rewards on students’ performance77. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?A) They have no doubts about them.B) They have doubts about them.C) They approve of them.D) They avoid talking about them.78. Which of the following can best raise students’ creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.79. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their gradingstandards because they believe ________.A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of studentsB) punishment is more effective than rewardingC) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standardsD) discouraging the students’ anticipati on for easy rewards is a matter of urgency80. The phrase “token economies” (Line 1, Para. 5) probably refers to ________.A) ways to develop economyB) systems of rewarding studentsC) approaches to solving problemsD) methods of improving performancePassage FiveGlobal reserves of fresh water add up to more than 37 million cubic kilometers, enough to fill the Mediterranean 10 times over. More than three-fourths of this water is bound up in glaciers and polar ice,however, where it is largely beyond the reach of present technology. Almost all the rest consists of water in underground aquifers, which are not yet exploited intensively. The main sources of supply -- the waters of lakes and rivers and the water vapor in the atmosphere -- make up less than 1 percent of the total.The ultimate source of fresh water is the continuous distillation of the oceans by solar radiation. The annual evaporation of water ( including transpiration by plants) is roughly 500,000cubic kilometers, of which 430,000 comes from the oceans and the remaining 70,000 from waters on the continents. Because the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is essentially constant the same amount of water must fall back to the surface as rain and snow. It is of vital importance to terrestrial life that a disproportionate share of this precipitation falls on land. Whereas the continents lose 70,000 cubic kilometers of water to evaporation, they receive 110,000 from precipitation, so that the net effect of the hydrologic cycle is to transfer some 40,000 cubic kilometers of fresh water each year from the oceans to the continents.Although the net continental influx is 40,000 cubic kilometers per year, not all of it is available for man's use. Much is lost through floods or is held in the soil or in swamps. The maximum that might reasonably be applied to human purposes is about 14,000 cubic kilometers per year, which is the base flow, or stable runoff excluding flood waters, of all the world's rivers and streams and of those isolated underground aquifers that discharge directly through evaporation. Of this volume about 5,000 cubic kilometers flow in regions that are uninhabited and are likely to remain so because they are climatically unsuited to human settlement. Hence the effective world water resource, from which all needs will have to be met for some years to come, is about 9,000 cubic kilometers per year.81. Of all the reserves of fresh water in the world, about three-fourths is ______.A)consumed by glaciers and polar iceB)in solid formC)out of the reach of present technologyD)converted into sea water annually82. Fresh water, as the passage states, originates from ______.A)the water vapor in the atmosphereB)lakes and riversC)sea water through distillation by solar radiationD)both A and B83. Based on context clues, we can know that "precipitation" means ______.A)the evaporation of water from the landB)the water reserves on landC)the unevenly-distributed rain and snow fallsD)water falling in the form of rain and snow84. Every year the continents get back ______.A)the same amount of water as is lost to evaporationB)less water than that which is lost to evaporationC)more water than that which is lost to evaporationD)different amounts of water based on weather conditions85. The end of the passage implies that the water finally available for mankind to utilize each year ______.A)is enough to meet all human needsB)is a little more than enough for all human needsC)is not adequate for all human needsD)is adequate now but will not be enough for some years to comePart IV Translation (4 points each, 40 points)Direction:Translate the following sentences 86-90 from English to Chinese and sentences 91-95 from Chinese to English.1. Some people say that in the next 30 years the population of Antarctica will grow steadily, so will the population of India.2. Someday, perhaps, scientists will be able to exactly predict the occurrence of earthquake.3. All night long he lay awake, worrying about his financial problem.4. It is widely accepted that the whole structure of our society depends on mutual trust.5. By six thirty every morning, the playground has been full of students doing morning exercises.6.看来人们喜欢我的演讲——至少他们听完了我的演讲并在我讲话结束时鼓掌。
2011年大学英语四级复习资料参考答案及听力原文
2011年大学英语四级复习资料参考答案及听力原文听力原文及参考答案（1-10）1Section A11. D 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. C19. A 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. C11. W: I‘d really like to learn how to play chess, but it looks so complicated.M: Well, nothing is easy at the beginning. What about going over the basics this afternoon?Q: What does the man imply?12. W: Oh, Professor Smith, I was wondering. Well, if you had a chance to uh...look at my thesisproposal?M: Well, I know you gave it to me over a week ago, but I have been too heavily occupied to afford time to read it.Q: What does the professor imply?13. W: What‘s the problem, Peter? You look really pale.M: I feel like throwing up. I‘m afraid you have to drive the kids to school this morning.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?14. W: Well, I am never doing this again! Nine courses in one semester is too much.M: Well, I told you so if you remember.Q: What does the man mean?15. W: If I had known better than to ask Mike to lend me the notes .before the exam!M: So, he turned you down again!Q: What are the two speakers talking about?16. W: I‘m thinking of getting a new evening dress to wear to Mr. Black‘s party.M: I just hope that my old suit still fits. You know how I feel about shopping.Q: What does the man imply?17. M: Excuse me, Miss, how many books can I check out?W: Well, that depends on what you are, a student or a teacher?Q: Where does the conversation take place?18. W: Do you rent rooms by the week?M: Well, it‘s 20 dollars a week, plus 5 dollars for electricity, but only 90 dollars a month inclusive.Q: How much will the room cost for one month including electricity?Conversation OneW: Good morning, Dr. Wilson.M: Good morning, Prof. Wang. Nice to see you again.W: Nice to see you too.M: How long are you going to stay as a visiting scholar this time?W: Well, about a year.M: Hope you make full use of your time here. What exactly do you want to accomplish in the next12 months?W: I‘m interested in computer language translation, I mean, from English to Chinese and Chineseto English. I‘ll try, if possible, to produce software or a device which can serve as an interpreter.M: Fascinating... and how big will the device itself be, do you think?W: The size of a cigarette pack, I think. So people can put it in their pocket.M: Really. Well, that could be a Ph. D project, but are you sure you can finish your project in 12 months?W: I don‘t know, but I can work 12 hours a day and 7 days a week.M: Well, if you mean it, I‘d suggest you spend some time in our library, trying to find out what others have done before and perhaps re-consider your own project, to some extent. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. How long is Prof. Wang going to stay?20. What is Prof. Wang going to accomplish during her stay?21. What is Dr. Wilson‘s attitude towards Prof. Wang‘s plan?Conversation TwoW: Hi, Mike. Your roommate told me that I could find you here. What are you doing?M: What does it look like I am doing?W: Well, it looks like you are watching television. But we have a mathematics mid-term tomorrow, so I thought you‘d be studying for it and maybe I can study with you.M: Oh, well, I was just taking a break. This stuff gives me a headache if I work on it too long. W: I know what you mean. I‘ve been working on it for three hours already, had been working at the sample problems, just don‘t get some of them.M: But I can‘t believe you are coming to me. I mean you do know what I got on the last test, don‘t you?W: Yeah, I know. You told me. I just thought two heads might be better than one.M: Yeah, that‘s a nice idea. But—you know, I wish I knew that person in our class who got a hundred on the last test. She di dn‘t miss any questions. Umm ... was it Caren?W: Oh yeah, Caren! She is a friend of mine. She‘d be a big help right now. Why don‘t I give her a call?M: What ! At this hour? It‘s already ten thirty. I don‘t want to impose on her.W: Yeah, I guess you are right. But you know what, she owes me a big favor. Let‘s at least give her a call and see what she says. Maybe going over some of the problems with us would help her review the material too.M: It‘s worth a try.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. What are the speakers mainly discussing?23. Why is the man watching television?24. Why is the man surprised that the woman wants to study with him?25. Why doesn‘t the man want to ca ll Caren?Section B26. C 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D Passage OneWith the Switzerland-based World Wildlife Fund (WWF), China is making a united and devoted effort to save the endangered pandas (熊猫) The results, officials here in Chengdu pointout, are mixed but encouraging.A clearly disappointing thing is the failure to let pandas produce young while confined, which is necessary if their decreasing numbers are to be replaced. Another thing has been the failure to find a natural, readily available food to replace the bamboo (竹子).Despite these failures, success has come in two ways. One achievement has been the physical rescue effort. Some pandas have been kept alive by spreading tons of cooked meat all over the mountains, which pandas will eat as a substitute for bamboo, and by the planting of new bamboo in isolated areas. Animals in some Sichuan areas have been rescued by local peasants and given emergency treatment by animal doctors.A second achievement is a massive fund-raising effort. A great deal of information about the panda‘s difficult situation has resulted in a new $100,000 emergency allocation by the WWF and independent fund drives both in China and abroad.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What is the result of Chinese efforts to save the endangered pandas?27. What are the two biggest problems with saving pandas?28. What are the two achievements concerning saving pandas?Passage TwoWe buried Donald Brown last May. He was murdered by four men who wanted to rob the supermarket manager he was protecting. Donald Brown was 61 years old. In just six months he and his wife planned to retire to Florida. Now there will be no retirement in the sun, and she was alone. Donald Brown was the second police officer to die since I became Police Commissioner of Boston in 1972. The first was Detective John Schroeder, shot in a pawnshop robbery in November 1973. John Schroeder was the brother of Walter Schroeder, who was killed in a bank robbery in 1970.At least two of these police officers were shot by a handgun, the kind almost anyone can buy nearly everywhere for a few dollars. Ownership of handguns has become so widespread that this weapon is no longer merely the instrument of crime; it is now a cause of violent crime.Gun advocates are fond of saying that guns don‘t kill, people do. But guns do kill. Half of the people who commit suicide do so with handguns. Forty-four percent of the murders committed in 1972 were committed with handguns.No one can convince me, after returning from Donald Brown‘s funeral, that we should allow people to own handguns. I know that many Americans feel deeply and honestly that they have a right to own and enjoy guns. I am asking that they give them up. I am saying that no private citizen, whatever his claim, should possess a handgun. Only police officers should.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. Who is Donald Brown?30. What happened to John Schroeder?31. What does the speaker think of handguns?Passage ThreeMillions of people pass through the gates of Disney‘s entertainment park in California, Florida and Japan each year. What makes these places an almost universal attraction? What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disney parks? Well, one reason is the way they‘re treated once they get there. The people at Disney go out of their way toserve their ―guests‖ and to see that they enjoy themselves.All new employees, from vice presidents to part-time workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking ―Traditions I‖. There, they learn about the company‘s history, how it is managed and why it is successful. They are shown how each department relates to the whole. All employees are shown how their part is important in making the park a success.After passing ―Traditions I‖, the employees go on to more specialized training for their specific jobs. No detail is missed. A simple job like taking tickets requires four eight-hour days of training. When one ticket taker was asked why it took so much training for such a simple, ordinary job, he replied, ―What happens if someone wants to know where the restrooms are, when the parade starts or what bus to take back to the campgrounds? ...We need to know the answers or where to get them quickly. Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the park.‖Even Disney‘s managers get involved in the daily management of the park. Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes. For a full week, the bosses sell hot dogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail, and take up to any of the 100 jobs that make the entertainment park come alive. The managers agree that this week helps them to see the company‘s goals more clearly.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. Why do foreign kings and queens want to visit Disney‘s entertainment parks?33. What do all new employees learn from ―Traditions I‖?34. Why would a simple job like taking tickets require such specialized training?35. What do Disney‘s managers not do during the special full week every year?Section C36. defending 37. critics 38. attracts 39. ancient40. engaging 41. intend 42. competition 43. employed44. Any competitor or spectator at the Games or in the Olympic Village will tell you theatmosphere of friendship there is unforgettable45. a few people are going to use them as an occasion for publicity, but this is no reason why theGames should be canceled46. As long as the majority wants it, these Games will continue.2Section A11. D 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. A19. C 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A11. W: Max is watching a football game on TV.M: Should he be doing that now, with an exam coming up?Q: What does the man imply that Max should be doing?12. W: When is the show supposed to start?M: Don‘t worry. It doesn‘t start until 9:30. We‘ll still get 20 minutes.Q: What‘s the t ime now?13. M: The International Students Association is having a party Saturday night. Can you come?W: I wish I could, but I work at the hospital on weekends.Q: Why can‘t the woman go to the party?14. W: Aren‘t we supposed to have a math test this a fternoon?M: It was postponed because the teacher had to attend a meeting.Q: What do we learn from this conversation?15. M: The ice-box is not working properly. I suppose we should buy a new one, but I don‘t thinkwe can afford it right now,W: If only you hadn‘t bought that racing bicycle.Q: Why didn‘t they buy another ice-box?16. M: Georgia, there‘s a phone call for you.W: For me? Who would be calling me at work?Q: What can be inferred from the woman‘s question?17. W: Do you plan on flying to the North, Professor Smith?M: Yes. It costs a lot but the trains and buses don‘t run the day I‘m going. So I have no choice.Q: How would Professor Smith go to the North?18. W: You must have said the right thing during the interview. They are very selective aboutwhom they hire.M: I know how to make a good impression.Q: Why was the man being interviewed?Conversation oneM: This is it. I know that it is smaller than you wanted, but it is one of the nicest apartments in the buildings.W: Does it have three bedrooms?M: No. There are two. The master bedroom is quite spacious though. Maybe you could let the children share the larger room, and you and your husband could use the smaller one.W: I suppose I can do that. Are you the owner?M: No, I am the manger.W: You said that the rent would be 350 dollars a month. Does that include any of the utilities? M: Yes. It includes gas.W: That sounds better. But before I sign a lease I would like my husband to see it. He doesn‘t get off work until five.M: Come by at six. I will still be in the office.W: OK.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. Who is the man in this conversation?20. How many bedrooms are there in this apartment?21. Why didn‘t the woman sign a lease right aw ay?Conversation TwoM: Good morning. Say, do you know what the assignment is for our term paper in history?W: Sure. Weren‘t you in class on Monday? That‘s when it was given out.M: No, I missed that class. Was there a handout?W: No, the instructor just wrote the assignment on the board.M: Could I copy the assignment from your notes?W: You could, if I had copied it all down; but I just wrote down the part that I wanted.M: Oh, no.W: You see, there were three choices of topics for the term paper; but, when I saw them, I knew which one I wanted so I didn‘t copy the others down.M: Can you remember any of the others?W: Let‘s see. There was one about World War I, something about it, but I don‘t remember what, and there was one called ―the idea of progress in the nineteenth century.‖M: And what was the last one?W: I can‘t remember. My mind is a complete blank. Maybe you can ask someone else.M: Yes, I will. Anyway, those are certainly broad topics.W: Yes, but you can focus on a special area within them. Which one would you take?M: Of course, I don‘t know what the last one is, but of these two, I think I‘d take ―the idea of progress‖.W: That‘s very abstract.M: Yes, but it‘s one of my interests and I‘ve read a lot on the subject. I‘ve never written a term paper on it though.W: Me neither. I haven‘t even read about it. Are you going to class on Wednesday?M: Yes.W: Maybe he‘ll write it on the board again.M: I hope so. Good luck with your paper.W: Same to you.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. How many topics did the teacher give for the term paper?23. How was the assignment given out?24. Why can‘t the man copy the assignment from the woman‘s notes?25. Why does the man choose the assignment on progress?Section B26. C 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B Passage OneWalking down the street in many cities or towns in the United States, you can see the influence of Japan. Many people watch Japanese televisions, listen to Japanese radios, and drive Japanese cars. Some even work in Japanese companies. It is quite usual for US companies to invite Japanese experts to the United States to offer business advice. Japanese restaurants are nowso popular that most people have heard of sushi, even if they are afraid to try it.Meanwhile, back in Japan there is the world‘s largest Disneyland near Tokyo. Mickey Mouse was there to welcome visitors, and so were Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Dumbo the Elephant, and all of other Disney‘s famous characters.The park is a prime example of Japanese-American cooperation. The mixing of two cultures can be seen throughout the park. Restaurants sell sushi, along with hamburgers, hot dogs, and French fries. All signs are in Japanese and English. Side by side with the famous Disney characters are two shows of special interest to the Japanese. ―Meet the World‖ presents over 2,000 years of Japanese history, and ―The Eternal Sea‖ takes audience to the bottom of the sea around Japan.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What is the main idea of the passage?27. What does the word ―sushi‖ mean?28. What is ―The Eternal Sea‖ about?Passage TwoA serious explosion occurred in the chemistry laboratory last week. No one was able to explain what happened. Everybody was worried that some people may have been injured but, fortunately, the laboratory was empty at the time. After a brief investigation, however, it was found that damages had been clone which amounted to at least $ 50,000.The authorities, naturally, were anxious to discover why this explosion had occurred and an investigating committee was set up. Some members of the committee were of the opinion that the explosion had been caused deliberately, whereas others thought that there was some simple explanation for it. Although they tried very hard, the members of the committee were unable to come to any conclusion about what had been responsible for the explosion. Finally, a short time later, some experts from the Town Gas Board reported that there was a gas pipe which ran underneath the laboratory and from which gas had been leaking into the building. The reason why this leak had not been discovered was that the university had been on holiday and no one had been inside the building for at least a week.That the explosion occurred was considered by the committee to be due to the lack of officially appointed staff whose duties were to inspect regularly all laboratories. The committee recommended that some responsible person should be appointed to carry out this duty, in case other similar accidents should occur.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. What damage was caused by the explosion?30. What was the cause of the accident according to the official investigation?31. What could have been done to avoid the accident?Passage ThreeIn general, people talk about two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. Researchers think that there are two groups of people; people who prefer warm colors and those who prefer cool colors.The warm colors are red, orange and yellow. Where there are warm colors and a lot of light, people usually want to be active. Social people, those who like to be with others, like red. The cool colors axe green, blue and violet. These colors, unlike warm colors, are relaxing. Where there are cool colors, people are usually quiet. People who like to spend time alone often prefer blue.People associate colors with different feelings, objects, and holidays. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood, and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate red with strong feelings like anger. Red is used for signs of danger, such as stop signs and fire engines. The holidays which are associated with red are National Day, May Day and New Year‘s Day.Businessmen know that people choose products by color. Businessmen want to manufacture products which are the colors people will buy. For example, an automobile manufacturer needs to know how many cars should be painted red, how many green, and how many orange. Good businessmen know that young people prefer different colors than old people and men prefer different colors than women do.Young children react to the color of an object before they react to the shape. They prefer warm colors—red, yellow, and orange. When people grow older, they begin to react to the shape of an object rather than to its color. The favorite color of adults of all races and nationalities is blue. Their second favorite color is red, and their third is green. On the whole, women prefer brighter colors than men do. It is even possible that your favorite color tells a lot about you.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. According to the passage, what kind of people does ―social people‖ refe r to?33. Why do businessmen pay more attention to the colors of their products?34. How would young children respond to the color and the shape of an object?35. According to this passage, what is the favorite color of all races and nationalities?Section C36. landing 37. experienced 38. dangers 39. willing40. exploration 41. chosen 42. courses 43. geology44. This was necessary because astronauts would have to look for rocks on the moon45. There helicopters landed straight down to give the men some experience of the way thespaceship would actually land on the moon46. They also learned every detail of the ground control system3Section A11. C 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. D19. A 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C11. M: How about going to the theater for a relaxation?W: Well, I‘m having art lessons tonight.Q: What‘s the woman probably going to do tonight?12. W: Do you want the windows open or closed?M: I almost always prefer fresh air, if possible.Q: What does the man imply?13. M: When does the next bus leave?W: You have just missed one by 10 minutes. Buses leave every 15 minutes, so you have to wait for the next bus.Q: How long does the man have to wait for the next bus?14. W: Sam, could I bother you for a moment? I need someone to return this book to the libraryfor me.M: That‘s no bother at all. I‘m on my way there now.Q: What will the man probably do next?15. M: I was really worried about the English exam last Friday.W: But it turned out well, didn‘t it?Q: What does the woman mean?16. W: You don‘t feel very well, do you? You look pale. Have you got a cold?M: Oh, no, but my stomach aches. Maybe the seafood doesn‘t agree with me.Q: What probably caused the man‘s stomachache?17. M: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the nearest post office is?W: Well, it‘s right down this street. First you will see a department store, then a bookstore. The post office is just opposite the bookstore.Q: Where is the post office?18. W: I‘ve got two tickets to today‘s game. Do you want to come along?M: It‘ll be on television, besides it‘s really too cold for me.Q: What will the man probably do?Conversation OneW: I‘m fed up with sitting on packing cases, John. Don‘t you think we could buy at least two chairs?M: Do you know how much new chairs cost, Mary? One cheap comfortable armchair, eighty pounds.W: Yes, I know. It‘s terrible. But I have an idea. Why don‘t we look for chairs at a street market?I‘ve always wante d to see one.M: All right. Which one shall we go to?W: Martin Road, I think. There are a lot of second-hand things there. But we‘ll have to go tomorrow. It‘s only open on Saturdays.M: What time do you want to go? Not too early I hope.W: The guide-book says the market is open from nine to six. It‘s a very popular market so we‘d better be there when it opens.M: Right. I‘ll set the alarm.W: Oh, John. Look at the crowd.M: They must have the same guide book that we have.W: But it‘s very exciting, look at that old table-cloth and those beautiful curtains.M: Aren‘t we looking for chairs?W: Yes, but we need curtains. Come on.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversations you have just heard.19. What is Mary fed up with?20. What does John worry about?21. Why do they plan to go to Martin Road?22. When will they be at Martin Road?Conversation TwoM: Have you heard? A new academic dean will be installed this week, and it seems that he already has a lot of new ideas.W: Oh, yeah, campus radio announced that he‘s starting a new internship program. Students will actually get a chance to join local companies on their productions.M: That sounds intriguing. I wonder how he got the idea.W: Well, it seems he set up a similar program at another university and he feels that practical experience is an important addition to the artistic training in the theater.M: You mean we‘ll get course credit for watching the opera companies rehearse?W: We‘ll get course credit all right, but we‘ll have to earn it by working hard with the company. M: If I decided to participate, who would decide what job I‘d get?W: First, you have to be a theater major to join the program, but the program coordinator would try to match students‘interests with jobs wherever possible. And guess what? One or two music majors might be selected to perform with the company.M: What? You mean stand up in front of hundreds of people and sing? I like acting, but can‘t imagine myself taking on an operatic role!Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. Why was the new program started?24. What will the students involved in the new program do?25. What is required of students participating in the program?Section B26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. C Passage OneIn the United States today, there are two major parties—the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Each political party is made up of members who share goals and ideas. Each party wants its goals and ideas to direct the actions of government.Parties nominate, or choose, people that they want in office. The nominated people are called candidates. Political parties select candidates to represent them in elections. Each party then works to get its candidates elected.Nominating candidates is the major job of a party. But it is not the only thing that a party does. At national conventions, party members from every state gather together. They make up a platform. A platform is a statement of goals. The goals may be general or specific. For example, a general goal may be having better schools. A more specific goal may be raising teachers‘ salaries. The platform creates unity for the party. It tells voters what the party stands for.A party must also do fund-raising. Fund-raising is a group of activities designed to bring in money. The party uses some of this money to pay for its day-to-day operation. But most of the money is spent on getting the party‘s candidates elected.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. According to the passage, which of the four statements is not true about political parties?27. What‘s a platform?28. What‘s the major job of a party?Passage TwoBalloons have been used for sport for about one hundred years. There are two kinds of balloons: gas and hot air. Hot air balloons are safer than gas balloons, which may catch fire. Hot air balloons are preferred by most balloonists in the United States because of their safety. They are also cheaper and easier to manage than gas balloons. Despite the ease of operating a balloon, pilots must watch the weather carefully. Sport balloon flights are best early in the morning or late in the afternoon, when the wind is light. Over the years, balloonists had tried unsuccessfully to cross the Atlantic Ocean. It wasn‘t until 1978 that three American balloonists succeeded. It took them just six days to make their trip from their homes in the United States to Paris, France. Their voyage captured the imagination of the world.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. What type of balloons is this speaker referring to?30. Why are gas balloons considered dangerous?31. According to the speaker, what must balloon pilots be careful to do?Passage ThreePaper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Wide-spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on. The invention of paper meant that more people cold be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly. In 1900 the world‘s use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year. Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other countries.Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. Which of the following is not mentioned about the invention of paper?。
2011年6月英语四级真题及答案(含解析)
2011年6月大学英语四级真题Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After each ques tion there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. A) He is careless about his appearance.B)He is ashamed of his present condition.C)He changes jobs frequently.D)He shaves every other day.12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B)Jane should have started a little earlier.C)He knows what sort of person Jane is.D)He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B)Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C)Collecting information about baseball games.D)Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.B)He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C)He lost his mother two weeks ago.D)He has been having a hard time.15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B)The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C)The man is making a fuss about nothing.D)The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.B)Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C)The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D)Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's. C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.B) Jill missed her class last week. D) She is in the same class as the man.18. A) A computer game. C) An exciting experience.B) An imaginary situation. D) A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside. C) Pain and pleasure in sports.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing. D) A sport he participates in.20.A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B)He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C)He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D)He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B)Much time is spent on collecting data.C)A lot of effort is made in vain.D)The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.B)Director of evening radio programs.C)Producer of television commercials.D)Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B)He and his wife did everything by themselves.C)He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D)He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B)He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C)He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D)He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. A) The restaurant location. C) The food variety.B) The restaurant atmosphere. D) The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2011年06月大学英语四级考试完整版答案及解析
2011年06月大学英语四级考试完整版答案及解析Part I Writing标准版Doing Shopping OnlineWith the development of the Internet, shopping is no longer a tiring thing. Just click your mouse to choose the articles you like, and the purchase is done. You don't even have to step out of the room. It seems all easy and quick. However, people's opinions vary on this trend. Some believe that on line shopping is time and money saving. With plentiful selection options, they can buy whatever they like at any time convenient. Still others insist thatmis-purchasing alone is annoying enough, not to mention the credibility of the sellers and the safety of their accounts.In my opinion, the convenience and excitement of on line shopping is beyond all doubts. In the meantime, we must always bear in mind that certain traps do exist, so we'd better make sure the sellers are trustworthy before buying. In addition, we should also guard ourselves from the potential hackers who might steal our account information.文章点评：这是一篇“中等偏上”的学生作文。
2011年12月四级真题答案
备注:由于是方正转文本文件,有些格式符号等都发生变化,望见谅!2011年12月大学英语四级真题答案与解析Part ⅠWriting参考范文：Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillIt is generally agreed that the easiest thing tends to be the hardest one, as is the case with some heavy smokers who have tried to quit smoking for hundreds of times without any success. The reason for their failure is the lack of a strong will.Success depends on many factors, of which, in my opinion, mental factors are by far the most decisive. A strong will is more important than repeated efforts in giving up smoking. In any of other tasks, people need, at the very first, to set a goal and stick to it with a strong willpower. Without a strong will, they may easily give up half way. Those who do succeed reaching their goals succeed simply because they have that mental power which enables them to hold on even in the most difficult times.As university students, we also need to develop a strong will to pursue our academic studies, as we are also frequently faced with various challenges. So we need to be mentally prepared to make painstaking efforts. I believe this is the only way we can achieve our success. Remember, meanwhile, that there will be nothing difficult in the world, if we make up our mind to accomplish it.Part ⅡReading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）篇章层次分析：这是一篇关于“正直、诚信（integrity）的说明文。
2011年12月全国大学英语四级等级考试试题及答案（详解）
2011年12月全国大学英语四级等级考试试题及答案Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Where There I a Will There Is a Way. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: Where There Is a Will There Is a Way 1．坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。
．坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。
2．意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命，3．学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，才用。
才用。
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, each day. One who has responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules abouto keep plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks the later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test o assignment; an "F" in the class; suspension or dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an life and death, or highest extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With It--Or Not Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is n curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but ⑧.a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatayour education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the and destructive attack on the quality of University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. ⑨.We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many example of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, ⑩.Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want live. 1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______。
2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案（仔细阅读部分）
2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案（仔细阅读部分）仔细阅读：Passage One ：Absence of girls removes pressure to conform to masculine stereotype ，claims US researcher美国研究者认为，男女分校有利于帮男生消除男性形象的压力美国研究者认为，男女分校有利于帮男生消除男性形象的压力Rachel Williams The Guardian ，Wednesday 20 January 2010 Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art ， dance and music ， according to research released today ． 据今日发布的研究表示，男校是教育年轻男性表达情感最佳的地点，也更有可能让他们进行艺术、跳舞和音乐等活动。
进行艺术、跳舞和音乐等活动。
Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim ，the absence of girlsgives boys the chance to develop without pressure toconform to a stereotype ， the US study says ．这项美国研究说明，与传统文化形象强调的凡事靠自己、与传统文化形象强调的凡事靠自己、进取向上的男性特征不同，进取向上的男性特征不同，进取向上的男性特征不同，学学校里没有女生，给了男生在没有典型形象压力下自主发展的机会。