宾语从句及动词不定式讲解

宾语从句

如何区分宾语从句

They know the teacher. ________________

主语谓语宾语

They kn ow the teacher is a man . ______________

主语谓语宾语从句

▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。

宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语.

1.时态一致:1）当主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要,采用任何一种时态.

例女口:He says that he will be free tomorrow.

I know that man lived here five years ago.

2）当主句是过去时，从句也应该采用过去的某种时态形式与之相对应.

例女口： He thought the train was like a big moving party. （从句为一般过去时）He said he was going to take care of the child. （从句为过去将来时）He said he had never seen the film.（在这句中，从句为过去完成时）

但当从句所陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理，从句时态用一般现在时.

例女口: The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.

The teacher said that light travels much faster tha n sound.

Jim said that time is life.

2.引导词:1）当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,由that引导,在口语或非正式文体

中可以省略.

例女口：l believe （ that ） you are right.

He said （ that ） the fastest way to travel was by pla ne.

2）当宾语从句由一般疑问句充当时,由if或whether引导，作“是否”解。

例女口: Is his name John / Could you tell me

一Could you tell me if /whether his n ame is Joh n

— Are they going to the Great Wall Jim wants to know…

Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.

3）当宾语从句由特殊疑问句充当时,特殊疑问词就是引导词，

例女口:Do you know what time the plane leaves

3.语序:1）当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,保持原来的语序,即陈述句语序. 例如：陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。

eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk. ”

=She said she would leave a message on the desk.

He said （that ）the fastest way to travel was by plane .

2）当宾语从句由疑问句（包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）充当时，除引导词外，此后变为陈述句语序.例如：

即If / whether + 主语+谓语部分或疑问词+主语+谓语部分

Eg. “Where are the tickets ” I asked him.

=I asked him where the tickets were.

I don ' t know if/whether he could answer the question.

Please tell me who（whom） I will meet tomorrow.

4.宾语从句和状语从句的区分：

eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.

2） I don ' t know if the train has arrived.

句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don' t know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。

判断方法：

1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。

2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether,词义为“是否”，

充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么

时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当.... 的时候”

()We're not sure if it __________ it __________ ，we won't climb the South Hill.

(2004年青海西宁)

snow ；snows snow ；will snow

；snows ；will snow

5.宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“ it +形容词+不定式短语”

1)I don't know what I should do with the letter. (改为简单句)(2005 年山东烟台)

I don't know what ____________________________ w ith the letter.

2)Can you tell me how to get to the nearest hospital ( 改为宾语从句) Can you tell me how ________________________________________ the n earest hospital

3)I think it is very important to study English well.

I thi nk ___________________ to study En glish well.

宾语从句习题

( )you tell me _____________

A if he would come tomorrow

B will he come tomorrow

C whether he will come tomorrow

D If he comes tomorrow

( )you tell me ___________________________