历年第二届全国英语翻译口译大赛总决赛赛题
200312catti二级口译综合能力试题
2003年12月英语二级口译综合能力试题试题部分：Test for Interpreters of Level 2English Language SkillsTranscripts for the Recorded PassagesPart I Listen to the short passages and then decide whether the corresponding statements below are true or false. After hearing a short passage, blacken the circle of “True” on the answer sheet below if you think the statement is true, or blacken the circle for “False” if it is false. There are ten questions in this part of the test, twp points for each question.1. In a series of radio broadcasts, Arnold Schwargenegger, the actor-turned-candidate-for-governor,staked out some middle ground on social issues, taking positions that might alienate his conservative fellow Republicans but match the views of a majority of Californians.2. Early onset of depression in children and teens is increasingly common. Depressed adolescentsare at high risk for school failure, social isolation, promiscuity, “self-medication,” and even suicide—the third leading cause of death among 15- to 24-year-olds.3. Cheliean sea bass is a snow-white, flaky delicacy in restaurants in the United States, Japan andEurope. Environmentalists have warned that over-fishing and poaching could cause it to vanish from the coasts of Antarctica.4. In western Sweden, a five-year-old girl was abducted and stabbed to death last week by aninmate from a psychiatric institute who was able to come and go at will in part because the cost of looking after such patients in this cradle-to-grave welfare state is becoming too high.5. While women make up half the 325 million people in the Middle East and North Africa, and insome countries as many as 63 percent of university students, they comprise only 32 percent of the labor force, according to a World Bank report released on the eve of its annual meeting with the International Monetary Fund.6. The United States on Tuesday vetoed a UN Security Council resolution, backed by Islamic andnonaligned nations, demanding that Israel back off its threat to deport the Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat. Eleven Council members voted in favor of the measure, while Britain, Germanyand Bulgaria abstained.7. Toyota Motor, having topped Daimler-Chrysler’s American unit in sales for the first time last month, may be poised to dethrone Ford Motor as the world’s second-biggest automaker within two years. It has gained market share since the 1970s, in part by improving the quality of the vehicles it makes. That is reflected in higher customer satisfaction ratings and fewer defects.8. In Jerusalem, where responding to terror attacks has become a grim medical specialty, Dr. David Applebaum was known as the “first man on the scene”. He spent years dashing to the bomb sites to treat the wounded, and was an innovator in emergency medical services that are called into action all too often in the city.9. The Chinese currency, the yuan, is not a free-floating currency like the Japanese yen but is pegged to the US dollar. Its value is therefore essentially unchanged. Beijing is not expected to change this system in the near term, in part because officials there fear that a move now towards free-floating currency could destabilize the country’s economy and financial system.10. Ben Glisan Jr., a former treasurer of Enron, has pleaded guilty to a federal charge that he committed securities and wire fraud, making him the highest-ranking former Enron executive to admit wrongdoing in the accounting scandal that drove the energy company into bankruptcy.Part II Listen to the following short passages and then choose one of the answers that best fits the meaning of each passage by blackening the corresponding circle. There are ten passages in this part of the test, with one question each, which carries two points.11. As China’s vast interior gets richer, Grenda Lee, Coco-Cola’s Shanghai-based director of external affairs, finds herself dreaming about tapping the country’s rural market. Chinese peasants account for roughly 70 percent of China’s 1.3 billion people, but on average each drinks only three Coke products a year. That compares with some 60 drinks consumed annually in Shanghai and Beijing, 150 in Hong Kong and 420 in the United States. With so many customers at stake, potential profits take on epic scale.12. With “fractional ownership,” the participants actually own a percentage of a jet plane, super-yacht, Old Master painting or a second home, not just the right to use it for a specified amount of time. They enjoy all the benefits of ownership without paying an astronomical price for something they use only occasionally. And, they are able to afford a bigger, better yacht, helicopter or home than they could have bought outright.13. The evolution of technology is showing no signs of maturing whatsoever. If you look at nanomaterials or photonics, carbon nanotubes, all the things that are going on in new types of energy, environmentally better materials—there’s no shortage of new technology coming. It is nowhere near maturity. Certainly, there’s consolidation among business models and competitors, but it doesn’t have the telltale signs of a mature industry where there’s no innovation.14. Parkinson’s disease can cause a weird variety of different symptoms in different people. The two most common are uncontrollable shaking on the one hand, or rigidity on the other. Balance problems are also frequent. The stranger symptoms can include difficulty going through doorways and deciding what to eat for dinner.15. The global steel industry is in a mess. Overcapacity and weak demand have hurt producers. In 2002, 847 million tons of steel was produced, but consumption was only 765 million tons. Steel makers have responded by consolidating. Last year in Europe, for example, Arcelor, the world’s biggest producer, was formed from a three-way merger of Spain’s Aceralia, France’s Usinor and Arbed, a Luxemburg-based company.16. In any movie theater any summer, you can practically hear the atrophying of brain cells. Summer pictures don’t insult the audience’s intelligence so much as they ignore it, playing instead to the mass-market inner child. But with most big films serving as a form of pop-cultural potty training, there’s a grand void to be filled for viewers who have not sent their brains to summer camp—who want the occasional film to speak to their inner grownup.17. Political tourism first took off in the 1980s, when activists, angry at the United States for propping up Central American dictators, began flocking to countries like Nicaragua and Honduras to see the result themselves. Groups such as the London-based Nicaragua Solidarity Network were only too happy to accommodate them. After returning home, activist tourists tended to take like-minded compatriots back to the region to express solidarity with a movement, act as international observers or simply educate foreigners on the consequences of cold-war policies.18. Human cloning involves creating an embryo out of a cell taken from a fully developed human being. “Reproductive” cloning means growing an embryo into a second, genetically identical human being. “Therapeutic” cloning, by contrast, means using an embryo as a source of stem cells for the person who supplied the originally cell. The theory is that stem cells with DNAidentical to yours would be more likely to develop successfully into replacement parts for you.Brain cells for people with Parkinson’s are the most promising example, but ultimately even severed limbs might grow back this way.19. The disappointing ministerial conference that concluded in Cancun, Mexico in September willhave many ramifications, but sadly the most significant of them will be its impact on poor countries. A more open and equitable trading system would provide them with an important tool in alleviating poverty and raising their levels of economic development.20. It takes only a trip on the busy but rutted highway that leads north from here to understandhow a huge swath of the Amazon jungle could have been razed over the course of just a year.Where the jungle once offered shelter to jaguars, parrots and deer, the land is now increasingly being cleared for soybeans, Brazil’s hottest cash crop.Part III Listen to the following longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, two points for each question.Passage OneIn early September, Trinidad’s state-owned sugar company made all of its 9,200 employees redundant. Though most are Indo-Trinidadians and supporters of the island’s truculent opposition party, there were no protests. The workers got redundancy pay totaling 115 million dollars, the offer of retraining, and the chance to continue growing cane as independent farmers in plots on the company’s 31,000 hectares of farmland.Trinidad, booming on oil and gas, has plenty of new jobs. Jamaica’s stagnant economy is another story. The government privatized its sugar factories in 1994, but agreed to take them back four years later. Hit by floods and droughts, this year’s sugar crop was a disaster. A shutdown might be greeted with riots by the 7,000 sugar workers and 8,000 cane farmers of the country. Barbados, prosperous and stable, has a different problem. Its neat cane fields are far more attractive to tourists than the eroded scrubland of Antigua, which stopped growing sugar 30 years ago.21. What is the most appropriate title for the passage?22. Which of the following statements is not true of Trinidadian workers who were made joblessin early September?23. What happened to Jamaica’s sugar factories in the 1990s?24. What is happening to Barbados’s sugar industry?25. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?Passage TwoChina and India have roughly the same population, but when it comes to mobile phones, there is no comparison between the two. In India, seven years after the launch of mobile-phone services, there are only 10 million users. In China, half that number signs up as new subscribers every month.Geography and culture explain some of the differences. The concentration of economic activity in China’s eastern coastal region gave its mobile operators big economies of scale, allowing lower prices. In China, telephones quickly came to be regarded as fashion items, something that has only recently happened to India.But the main difference is regulation. India chose a licensing policy that divided the country into 22 regions, each with two licenses to operate mobile networks. Bidding in multiple regions was restricted. This aimed to promote competition, but led to a fragmented market with a baffling array of operators, none of which has economies of scale. Limited spectrum also hurt service quality.26. Which is the most appropriate title for the passage?27. According to the writer of this article, how many people sign up as new mobile phonesubscribers in China every month?28. Why are the prices of mobile telephone services lower in China’s eastern coastal region?29. Why are mobile phones popular in China, according to the speaker?30. How does the speaker feel about the regulation of mobile services in India?Passage ThreeDyslexia is a term used to describe a marked difficulty in learning to read despite normalintelligence and vision. The problem is universal, but research suggests it doesn’t affect every culture or language group equally. On China’s mainland and in Japan, for example, dyslexia rates are estimated at less than 5 percent compared to 10 percent to 20 percent in the U.S. There are intriguing theories as to why, and Japan has produced some important clues.Japanese children first learn to read and write in parallel phonetic alphabets, hiragana and katakana, each containing 46 characters relating to 46 different sounds. After conquering them, the student embarks on learning Chinese characters. According to Uno, who works for Japan’s National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, just 1 percent of Japanese students have dyslexic problems in reading the phonetic alphabets, while 2 percent encounter problems with Chinese characters. The numbers jump a bit when it comes to writing—2 percent for hiragana, 3.8 percent for katakana and 5 percent for ideograms—but they’re still low by American standards.31. The passage is about32. Which of the following statements is true of dyslexia?33. Which of the following countries is most affected with dyslexia according to the passage?34. Which of the following is not true of the Japanese language?35. What can be inferred from the passage?Passage FourStocks can be divided into two categories: those for trading and those for investing. Within trading stocks, you make money by figuring out whether other traders will keep buying or start selling the stock and positioning yourself accordingly for a few weeks or even days. By contrast, with investing stocks you aim to buy into a company at an attractive price, given the worth of its assets and likely future profits, regardless of when the value will be recognized by the market. This way, you can steer clear of overpaying for fashionable dogs.There’s nothing revolutionary about this strategy, of course. It’s just a question of calmly mixing and matching some old, and apparently somewhat contradictory, stock market wisdom and applying it to a hot market. About 70 years ago, British economist John Maynard Keynes said investors should view the market as a beauty contest, and they should mainly buy trading stocks that other people would find attractive. Benjamin Graham, the father of modern securities analysis, bristled at that idea. He lamented that stock buyers, though almost always called investors, are often actually speculators. Instead, he preached that they should make a hard-nosed assessment ofthe inherent value of companies and search out investing stocks.36. What is the most appropriate title for this passage?37. Which of the following statements is true of John Maynard Keynes?38. How did Benjamin Graham view stock investment?39. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?40. The speaker presents the passage by the following logic:Part IV Listen to the following passage about new technology and its impact on the changes in universities. Write a short summary of around 150-200 words of what you have heard. This part of the test carries 20 points.Our society is now being reshaped by rapid advances in information technologies —computers, telecommunications networks, and other digital systems—that have vastly increased our capacity to know, achieve, and collaborate. These technologies allow us to transmit information quickly and widely, linking distant places and diverse areas of endeavor in productive new ways, and to create communities that just a decade ago were unimaginable.Of course, our society has been through other periods of dramatic change before, driven by such innovations as the steam engine, railroad, telephone, and automobile. But never before have we experienced technologies that are evolving so rapidly (increasing in power by a hundredfold every decade), altering the constraints of space and time, and reshaping the way we communicate, learn and think.The rapid evolution of digital technologies is creating not only new opportunities for our society, but also challenges to it as well, and institutions of every stripe are grappling to respond by adapting their strategies and activities. Corporations and governments are reorganizing to enhance productivity, improve quality, and control costs. Entire industries have been restructured to better align themselves with the realities of the digital age. It is no great exaggeration to say that information technology is fundamentally changing the relationship between people and knowledge.Yet ironically, at the most knowledge-based entities of all—our colleges and universities —the pace of transformation has been relatively modest in key areas. Although research has in many ways been transformed by information technology, and it is increasingly used for studentand faculty communications, other higher-education functions have remained more or less unchanged. Teaching, for example, largely continues to follow a classroom-centered, seat-based paradigm.Nevertheless, some major technology-aided teaching experiments are beginning to emerge, and several factors suggest that digital technologies may eventually drive significant changes throughout academia. Because these technologies are expanding by orders of magnitude our ability to create, transfer, and apply information, they will have a profound impact on how universities define and fulfill their missions. In particular, the ability of information technology to facilitate new forms of human interaction may allow the transformation of universities toward a greater focus on learning.Already, higher education has experienced significant technology-based change, particularly in research, even though it presently lags other sectors in some respects. And we expect that the new technology will eventually also have a profound impact on one of the university’s primary activities – teaching – by freeing the classroom from its physical and temporal bounds and by providing students with access to original source materials. The situations that students will encounter as citizens and professionals can increasingly be simulated and modeled for teaching and learning, and new learning communities driven by information technology will allow universities to better teach students how to be critical analyzers and consumers of information.答题纸：Test for Interpreters of Level 2English Language SkillsAnswer SheetPart I Listen to the short passages and then decide whether the corresponding statements below are true or false. After hearing a short passage, blacken the circle of “True” on the answer sheet below if you think the statement is true, or blacken the circle for “False” if it is false. There are ten questions in this part of the test, twp points for each question.1. The movie actor Arnold Schwargenegger, who is running for governor of California, belongs tothe conservative Democratic Party.○ True○ False2. School failure and social isolation can lead to early onset of depression in children and teens, and the trend is becoming increasingly common.○ True○ False3. According to the statement, Cheliean sea bass, a species of fish available along the coasts of the South Pole, might have already become extinct due to illegal hunting.○ True○ False4. It can be inferred from the statement that the Swedish social welfare system, which provides life-long care of its citizens, is no longer feasible and satisfactory.○ True○ False5. Out of the 325 million laborers in the Middle East and North Africa, 63 percent are women and 32 percent university students.○ True○ False6. According to the statement, the UN Security Council resolution concerning Israel and Yasser Arafat was presented by the United States and approved by 11 Council members including Britain, Germany and Bulgaria.○ True○ False7. Toyota Motor now ranks as the world’s second largest automobile manufacturers owing to its improved quality and enlarged market share.○ True○ False8. It is reasonable to assume that demand for sophisticated emergency medical treatment is higher in Jerusalem, where terrorist bomb attacks were frequent incidents.○ True○ False9. As a free-floating currency, Japanese yen often fluctuates with the US dollar, and destabilizes the country’s economy and financial system.○ True○ False10. Ben Glisan Jr. is the highest-ranking executive of the Enron company found to be guilty for the accounting scandal.○ True○ FalsePart II Listen to the following short passages and then choose one of the answers that best fits the meaning of each passage by blackening the corresponding circle. There are ten passages in this part of the test, with one question each, which carries two points.11. The annual consumption of Coco-Cola per capita in the regional markets mentioned in the passage ranks in the following order.a.Rural China, Beijing, the United States, Hong Kong.b.Beijing, the United States, Rural China, Hong Kong.c.The United States, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Rural China.d.Shanghai, Rural China, the United States, Hong Kong.12 Which of the following statements is not true of “fractional ownership”?a.“Fractional ownership” allows people share the use of highly expensive commodities.b.Thanks to “fractional ownership,” people can afford luxuries like a super yacht.c.“Fractional ownership” is identical to “time sharing”.d.“Fractional ownership” means part of the property right to the buyer.13. What is the point the speaker is trying to make about technology development?a. A mature technology requires less innovation.b.Technical evolution is close to maturation in certain fields.c.New types of energy are expected to mature in the near future.d.Nanomaterials or photonics and carbon nanotubes are environmentally friendly.14. Which of the following statements is true of the Parkinson’s disease?a.Parkinson’s always shows the same symptoms on different people.b.People inflicted with Parkinson’s often have a shaking hand or a stiff hand.c. The symptoms of Parkinson’s vary among different patients.d. Victims of Parkinson’s find it difficult to recall what they have eaten for dinner.15. Which of the following is true of world steel production?a.The steel industry still has a bright prospect on a global scene.b.Steel consumption in the world registered a drastic cut.c.Steel makers are drastically cutting down their production.d.Better promotion is needed for improving sales of steel products.16. What does the speaker feel about summer pictures?a.Summer films might cause mental damage to the audience.b. Summer films need to give due respect to the audience’s intelligence.c. Summer films should cater to both children and grownups.d. Summer films should not target at the mass-market.17. Which of the following makes the most appropriate title for the passage?a.Cold-War Policies and the Tourism Industry.b.The Characteristics of Political Tourism.c.The Rise of Political Tourism.d.The Latest Developments of Political Tourism.18. Which of the following statement is not true of therapeutic cloning?a. “Therapeutic” cloning is used mainly for research purposes and therefore should beallowed to continue.b. “Therapeutic” cloning is used for medical purposes and not for reproducing full humanbeings.c. “Therapeutic” cloning is used for replacing the diseased parts of human organs.d. Brain cell can be used in the future to cure the Parkinson’s disease.19. Which of the following statement is closest in meaning to the passage you have just heard?a. The WTO ministerial conference held at Cancun is disappointing because the poorcountries could not participate in the event.b. The Cancun ministerial meeting was intended to create a more open and equitable tradingsystem.c. The main objective of the Cancun conference was to help the poorest countries in theworld to develop their economy.d. Opening up the market in poor countries would have a negative impact on their nationaleconomic development.20. What has happened to the Amazon jungle?a.Highways have been constructed through the jungle to help ease the traffic in the cities.b.Jaguars, parrots and deer that once inhabited the jungle have left because the place wasgetting too hot for them.c.The land has been cleared for growing soybeans because it is the most popular Brazilianfood.d.Fast economic development has brought devastating changes to the natural environmentin Brazil.Part III Listen to the following longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, two points for each question.Passage One21. What is the most appropriate title for the passage?a.The Future of Sugar Industry in Central Americab.Unemployment in Latin Americac.Reforms in Sugar Industry in North America.d.The Impact of the Declining Sugar Industry22. Which of the following statements is not true of Trinidadian workers who were made joblessin early September?a. They held protests against the government on the street.b. They became independent cane farmers.c. They were compensated with a total of 115 million dollars.d. They were given the chance of retraining for new job careers.23. What happened to Jamaica’s sugar factories in the 1990s?a. They witnessed unsuccessful reforms.b. They went bankrupt due to crop failure.c. They suffered from inefficient production.d. They failed due to a shortage of labor supply.24. What is happening to Barbados’s sugar industry?a. It is prosperous and stable.b. It has vast expanses of deserted cane fields.c. It uses cane fields as tourist attractions.d. It stopped growing sugar 30 years ago.25. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?a. The sugar industry varies in prosperity among producing countries in Latin America.b. World sugar producers all suffer from short supply of canes.c. The world sugar industry is undergoing fatal depression.d. Major sugar producers have adopted different strategies to combat the sluggisheconomy.Passage Two26. Which is the most appropriate title for the passage?a. A Comparative Study of the Telecom Industry in China and Indiab.Differences on Use of Mobile Phones in China and Indiac.Geographical and Cultural Differences between China and Indiad.Different Regulations on Mobile Phones in China and India27. According to the writer of this article, how many people sign up as new mobile phonesubscribers in China every month?a.10 million.b.7 million.c. 5 million.d.22 million28. Why are the prices of mobile telephone services lower in China’s eastern coastal region?a.The average disposable income is lower in the region.b.The GDP is higher in the region.c.The costs of operators are lower due to a greater number of users of mobile phoneservices in the region.d.The operators compete with each other in order to win over subscribers.29. Why are mobile phones popular in China, according to the speaker?a.They are considered as fashionable items.b.They keep people closer to each other.c.They are more convenient to users than fixed phones.d.They are considered time-saving devices.30. How does the speaker feel about the regulation of mobile services in India?a.It has produced desired effects.b.It has more advantages than disadvantages.c.It helps promote competition..d.It has created a negative impact in the market.Passage Three31. The passage is abouta.dyslexia and intelligenceb.dyslexia and culturec.dyslexia and visiond.dyslexia and personality32. Which of the following statements is true of dyslexia?a.It is a worldwide problem.b.It is a regional problem.c.It is a social problem.d.It is a biological problem.33. Which of the following countries is most affected with dyslexia according to the passage?a.Chinab.Japan。
第二届全国口译大赛(英语)初赛样题及参考答案
第二届全国口译大赛（英语）初赛样题及参考答案Part I Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese(Brief to contestants: BP CEO’s Speech on Global Business and Global Poverty... I believe the ingredients of sustainable business success are transparency, the extension of opportunity, education and the improvement of environmental conditions. …)Opportunity is about providing an equal chance to everyone – on the basis of merit, so that if we are working in China or Russia, a Chinese or Russian woman joining at the age of 21 or 22 has an equal chance of rising through the company across the world as someone joining the company here in the UK or in the USA. Opening the door of personal opportunity within a global organization is very important because it demonstrates (that) globalization brings real practical benefits at a personal level.参考译文所谓机会，就是在业绩的基础上提供均等的机会给每个人。
中译杯第二届口译大赛-真题及答案E-C
中译杯第二届全国口译大赛（英语）交替传译总决赛赛题原文及参考译文（第一环节：英译中）Part I Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese.Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You will hear theAt Verizon we think it’s time to scale up.We believe in the disruptive power of innovation to transform health care and dramatically improve the quality of life, forAmericaand theworld. This is not only one of the world’s great social and moral challenges, but also one of its greatest growth opportunities. We look forward to working with partners across throughout this industry to finally realize the full potential of the health IT revolution.Thank you.附：第一环节参考译文用“革命”一词来形容技术可以在卫生保健领域发挥的作用并不太过，但是要实现这项“革命”，我们需要加快脚步，提高紧迫性。
政策制订者只需要进行几项关键改革，就可以极大地加快卫生信息技术的应用。
如果我们能做到这点，就有机会大幅提高人们的生活品质——不仅仅是在美国，而是在全世界范围内。
想想看，目前全球范围内使用的无线电话超过50亿部，无线网络覆盖了全世界人口的85％。
2013到2011年CATTI二级笔译真题及参考答案
2013年11月英语二级《笔译实务》试题Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）The archivists requested a donkey, but what they got from the mayor’s office were four wary black sheep, which, as of Wednesday morning, were chewing away at a lumpy field of grass beside the municipal archives building as the City of Paris’s newest, shaggiest lawn mowers. Mayor Bertrand Delano? has made the environment a priority since his election in 2001, with popular bike- and car-sharing programs, an expanded network of designated lanes for bicycles and buses, and an enormous project to pedestrianize the banks along much of the Seine.The sheep, which are to mow (and, not inconsequentially, fertilize) an airy half-acre patch in the 19th District intended in the same spirit. City Hall refers to the project as “eco-grazing,” and it notes that the four ewes will prevent the use of noisy, gas-guzzling mowers and cut down on the use of herbicides.Paris has plans for a slightly larger eco-grazing project not far from the archives building, assuming all goes well; similar projects have been under way in smaller towns in the region in recent years.The sheep, from a rare, diminutive Breton breed called Ouessant, stand just about two feet high. Chosen for their hardiness, city officials said, they will pasture here until October inside a three-foot-high, yellow electrified fence.“This is really not a one-shot deal,” insisted René Dutrey, the adjunct mayor for the environment and sustainable development. Mr. Dutrey, a fast-talking man in orange-striped Adidas Samba sneakers, noted that the sheep had cost the city a total of just about $335, though no further economic projections have been drawn up for the time being.A metal fence surrounds the grounds of the archives, and a security guard stands watch at the gate, so there is little risk that local predators — large, unleashed dogs, for instance — will be able to reach the ewes.Curious humans, however, are encouraged to visit the sheep, and perhaps the archives, too. The eco-grazing project began as an initiative to attract the public to the archives, and informational panels have been put in place to explain what, exactly, thesheep are doing here.But the archivists have had to be trained to care for the animals. In the unlikely event that a ewe should flip onto her back, Ms. Masson said, someone must rush to put her back on her feet.Part B Optional Translation（二选一题）Topic 1 （选题一）Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project , Mr. Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (it is now Drexel University), earning a bachelor’s degree in 1947.As an undergraduate, Mr. Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently. He planned to pursue the project commercially, but his father, who had come of age in “Boardwalk Empire”-era Atlantic City, forbade it: elevator music, he said, was controlled by the mob, and no son of his was going to come within spitting distance.The younger Mr. Woodland returned to Drexel for a master’s degree. In 1948, a local supermarket executive visited the campus, where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data. The dean demurred, but Mr. Silver, a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation, was intrigued. He conscripted Mr. Woodland.An early idea of theirs, which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light, proved unworkable.But Mr. Woodland, convinced that a solution was close at hand, quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem. He holed up at his grandparents’ home in Miami Beach, where he spent the winter of 1948-49 in a chair in the sand, thinking.To represent information visually, he realized, he would need a code. The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.What would happen, Mr. Woodland wondered one day, if Morse code, with itselegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential, were adapted graphically? He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.“What I’m going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,” Mr. Woodland told Smithsonian magazine in 1999. “I poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason — I didn’t know — I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines. Now I have four lines, and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.’ ”Today, bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life. All because a bright young man, his mind ablaze with dots and dashes, one day raked his fingers through the sand.201211 Passage 1Tucked away in this small village in Buckinghamshire County is the former Elizabethan coaching inn where William Shakespeare is said to have penned part of "A Midsummer Night's Dream."Dating from 1534, the inn, now called Shakespeare House, is thought to have been built as a Tudor hunting lodge. Later it became a stop for travelers between London and Stratford-upon-Avon, where Shakespeare was born and buried.It was "Brief Lives," a 17th-century collection of biographies by John Aubrey, that linked Shakespeare to the inn, saying that he had stayed there and drawn inspiration for the comedy while in the village.One of the current owners, Nick Underwood, said the local lore goes even further: "It is also said he appears at the oriel window on the top floor of the house on April 23 every year -- the date he is said to have been born and to have died.""In later years, the house later became a farmhouse, with 150 acres of land, but, over time, pieces were sold off," Mr. Underwood said. "In the 20th century, it was owned by two American families." Now, he and his co-owner, Roy Elsbury, have put the seven-bedroom property on the market at ￡1.375 million, or $2.13 million. Despite its varied uses and renovations over the years, the 4,250-square-foot, or 395-square-meter, inn has retained so much of its original character that the organization English Heritage lists it as a Grade II* property, indicating that it is particularly important and of "more than special interest." Only 27 percent of the 1,600 buildings on the organization's register have this designation.We knew of the house before we bought it and were very excited when it came up for sale. It is so unusual to find an Elizabethan property of this size, in this area, and when we saw it, we absolutely fell in love with it," Mr. Underwood said. "We have taken great pleasure in working on it and living here. This house is all about the history."In addition to being the owners' home, the property currently is run as a luxury guest house, with rooms rented for ₤99 to ₤250 a night."Shakespeare House is a wonderful example of Elizabethan architecture," said DeanHeaviside, the national sales director of Fine real estate agency, which is representing the owners. "It has been beautif-ully restored and offers a unique lifestyle, which brings a taste of the past together with modern-day comfort. It is rare to find a home like this on the market."Passage 2The ancient frozen dome cloaking Greenland is so vast that pilots have crashed into what they thought was a cloud bank spanning the horizon. Flying over it, you can scarcely imagine that it could erode fast enough to dangerously raise sea levels any time soon.Along the flanks in spring and summer, however, the picture is very different. For an increasing number of warm years, a network of blue lakes and rivulets of melt-water has been spreading ever higher on the icecap.The melting surface darkens, absorbing up to four times as much energy from the sun as snow, which reflects sunlight. Natural drainpipes called moulins carry water from the surface into the depths, in some places reaching bedrock.The process slightly, but measurably, lubricates and accelerates the grinding passage of ice towards the sea.Most important, many glaciologists say, is the break-up of huge semi-submerged clots of ice where some large Greenland glaciers, particularly along the west coast, squeeze through fiords as they meet the warming ocean. As these passages have cleared, this has sharply accelerated the flow of many of these creeping, corrugated and frozen rivers.Some glaciologists fear that the rise in seas in a warming world could be much greater than the upper estimate of about 60 centimetres this century made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year. (Seas rose less than 30 centimetres last century.)The panel's assessment did not include factors known to contribute to ice flows but not understood well enough to estimate with confidence. SCIENTIFIC scramble is under way to clarify whether the erosion of the world's most vulnerable ice sheets, in Greenland and west Antarctica, can continue to accelerate. The effort involves fieldand satellite analyses and sifting for clues from past warm periods,Things are definitely far more serious than anyone would have thought five years ago. Passage 1中国是一个发展中国家。
200605-201005-CATTI二级笔译实务真题及答案(打印版)
2010年5月CATTI二级笔译综合能力测试完型填空原文以及答案When We Talk About Privacy——by Ruth Suli UrmanWhen we talk about privacy issues with teenagers, what are we really talking about? Most importantly, trust. It's only natural for adolescents growing into their teen years, to want some privacy, some alone time, where they can think about who they are becoming, who they want to be and perhaps, just to relax and be out of earshot of the rest of the world. Teens, like adults, work hard too. And when we consider how much socializing they are forced to do, when they attend school all day, sometimes they just want to come home, go into their room, close the door and just listen to the music of their choice. As adults, it helps to remember not to take these things personally.We also need to remember that teenagers can experience "bad" days, too. In giving them the space to be irritable or sad, without demanding that they put on a cheerful face and façade - as we certainly can't expect anything from them that we don't expect from ourselves! - we are honoring their feelings, as we honor our own feelings.Keeping journals, having private conversations with their friends on the phone, and wanting some alone time is a teen's way of becoming who they are. They are slipping into their bodies, their minds, and their distinct individualities. It helps to remember what it was like to be a teen: the writing we may not have wanted to show our parents, the conversations with friends about "crushes," the times that we wanted to listen to The Beatles when our parents only wanted to hear classical music.It is helpful to think about how we want to be treated, as an adult. Remember: respect is earned, not taken for granted. In order to expect our teenagers to be respectful of us, we must be their teachers and their guides, so that they can mirror our behavior. They will give us back what we are giving them, even without consciously thinking about it. What happens if they "hole" themselves up and we never see their lovely faces? As a beginning, in balancing their alone time, we can reach out and make the time to gather the family together, such as meal times, to create communication. This way our children don't end up living their lives behind closed bedroom doors (where we miss out on their childhood years).Coming together as a family is important, too. There is an immense feeling of satisfaction knowing that we are not strangers to our children, and they are not strangers to us. If there is any concern about what they are doing when you are not with them, find a good time and place where they are comfortable (and you are feeling relaxed about talking) and tell them about your concerns. Life is a series of balances, and in the instance of privacy, we can balance that too. Let them know in a loving way how much you care and perhaps share one of your own teenage stories.In teaching them to balance their privacy needs, there is nothing wrong with asking them questions about where they are going, and expecting them to honor our house rules about curfew, etc. We are still the parents and if we decide we need more information about their friends, by all means, take notes on where they are headed off to, or better yet, offer to be a part of their lives, as much as they are willing to let you in: personally meet their friends' parents; become active in their school. It's a great way to find out about their friendships-which are invaluable to teens, and to foster a close relationship with our teenagers - especially if we come from a place of love and caring and not from a sense of snooping or spying.实务英译汉－必译题In the European Union, carrots must be firm but not woody, cucumbers must not be too curved and celery has to be free of any type of cavity. This was the law, one that banned overly curved, extra-knobbly or oddly shaped produce from supermarket shelves.But in a victory for opponents of European regulation, 100 pages of legislation determining the size, shape and texture of fruit and vegetables have been torn up. On Wednesday, EU officials agreed to axe rules laying down standards for 26 products, from peas to plums.In doing so, the authorities hope they have killed off regulations routinely used by critics - most notably in the British media - to ridicule the meddling tendencies of the EU.After years of news stories about the permitted angle or curvature of fruit and vegetables, the decision Wednesday also coincided with the rising price of commodities. With the cost of the weekly supermarket visit on the rise, it has become increasingly hard to defend the act of throwing away food just because it looks strange.Beginning in July next year, when the changes go into force, standards on the 26 products will disappear altogether. Shoppers will the be able to chose their produce whatever its appearance.Under a compromise reached with national governments, many of which opposed the changes, standards will remain for 10 types of fruit and vegetables, including apples, citrus fruit, peaches, pears, strawberries and tomatoes.But those in this category that do not meet European norms will still be allowed onto the market, providing they are marked as being substandard or intended for cooking or processing."This marks a new dawn for the curvy cucumber and the knobbly carrot," said Mariann Fischer Boel, European commissioner for agriculture, who argued that regulations were better left to market operators."In these days of high food prices and general economic difficulties," Fischer Boel added, "consumers should be able to choose from the widest range of products possible. It makes no sense to throw perfectly good products away, just because they are the 'wrong' shape."That sentiment was not shared by 16 of the EU's 27 nations - including Greece, France, the Czech Republic, Spain, Italy and Poland - which tried to block the changes at a meeting of the Agricultural Management Committee.Several worried that the abolition of standards would lead to the creation of national ones, said one official speaking on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the discussions.Copa-Cogeca, which represents European agricultural trade unions and cooperatives, also criticized the changes. "We fear that the absence of EU standards will lead member states to establish national standards and that private standards will proliferate," said its secretary general, Pekka Pesonen.But the decision to scale back on standards will be welcomed by euro-skeptics who have long pilloried the EU executive's interest in intrusive regulation.One such controversy revolved around the correct degree of bend in bananas - a type of fruit not covered by the Wednesday ruling.In fact, there is no practical regulation on the issue. Commission Regulation (EC) 2257/94 says that bananas must be "free from malformation or abnormal curvature," though Class 1 bananas can have "slight defects of shape" and Class 2 bananas can have full "defects of shape."By contrast, the curvature of cucumbers has been a preoccupation of European officials. Commission Regulation (EEC) No 1677/88 states that Class I and "Extra class" cucumbers are allowed a bend of 10 millimeters per 10 centimeters of length. Class II cucumbers can bend twice as much.It also says cucumbers must be fresh in appearance, firm, clean and practically free of any visible foreign matter or pests, free of bitter taste and of any foreign smell.Such restrictions will disappear next year, and about 100 pages of rules and regulations will go as well, a move welcomed by Neil Parish, chairman of the European Parliament's agriculture committee. "Food is food, no matter what it looks like," Parish said. "To stop stores selling perfectly decent food during a food crisis is morally unjustifiable. Credit should be given to the EU agriculture commissioner for pushing through these proposals. Consumers care about the taste and quality of food, not how it looks."参考译文In the European Union, carrots must be firm but not woody, cucumbers must not be too curved and celery has to be free of any type of cavity. This was the law, one that banned overly curved, extra-knobbly or oddly shaped produce from supermarket shelves.在欧盟，市场出售的胡萝卜必须脆而不糠，黄瓜也不能太弯，芹菜一点空心都不能有。
口译决赛题目（C-EE-C-PPT））
口译决赛题目（C-EE-C-PPT））第一篇：口译决赛题目(C-E & E-C-PPT))Script for Interpretation contest（2011）1、中国出口商品交易会（Chinese Export Commodities Fair-CECF）创办于1957年，每年春秋举办两届，因为在中国南部最大城市广州举行，又称广交会(Canton Fair)。
广交会从创办之初便致力于为有实力的中国企业和优秀的中国产品提供出口的贸易舞台(arena)。
经过45年的发展，她是目前中国历史最长、层次最高、规模最大、商品种类最多的综合性出口商品交易会。
近年来，广交会每届的到会客商逾10万，成交(turnover)过100亿美元，享有“中国第一展”的美誉。
Franklin Roosevelt was one of the most influential presidents in American history.He was elected president four times.He served more than twelve years, longer than any other president.He led the nation through its worst economic crisis, and through one of its worst wars.// Winston Churchill wrote about the day he heard the news of the death of his close friend: “I felt as if I had been struck with a physical blow.My relation with this shining man had played so large a part in the long, terrible years we had worked together.// Now that had come to an end.And I was overpowered by a sense of deep and permanent l oss.”（115）2、近几天，广州市到处洋溢着友好的气氛，参加美国商会亚太地区理事会年会（the Annual Meeting of Asia-Pacific American Chamber of Commerce）的各位工商界的朋友陆续来到广州,为我们这座美丽的海滨城市增添了光彩。
全国大学生英语翻译大赛试题及答案
1. 足球是世界上最受欢迎的运动。
最重要的足球比赛是世界杯。
世界杯每四年举办一届。
2002是第一次在亚洲举办的一届世界杯。
同时也是第一次由两个国家举办。
这两个国家是韩国和日本。
1924年足球成为奥运会比赛项目，但是因为足球是如此受欢迎，必须举办一项新的赛事。
1930年就在乌拉圭举办了第一届世界杯，当时只有13只队伍共16场比赛，平均每场比赛有24000名球迷观看。
从那以后世界杯就不断发展壮大，1998年法国世界杯平均每场有43000名球迷观战。
1994年美国举办的世界杯比赛，全世界有15亿人通过电视收看了决赛。
赢得世界杯是足球最高的成就，但在世界杯的历史上，只有少数几只队伍多次获得这个殊荣。
第一届世界杯冠军被乌拉圭夺得，然后1950年又夺得一次。
阿根廷也夺得过两次，1978和1986年。
西德夺得了1954、1974、1990三届冠军。
意大利获得了1934、1938、1982和2006年四届冠军，而最伟大的世界杯队伍是巴西队，巴西已经获得了五届世界杯冠军，分别是1958, 1962 ,1970,1994 and 2002年。
2. Ｓtaying healthy 保持健康Eat right.吃的正确For good health,it's important to eat a balanced diet, which includes a lot of fuits and sugars.为了健康，平衡膳食很重要，它包括许多水果和糖This can help you keep at a healthy weight.这样能保持一个健康的体重Be active.多活动Children should try to get at least 60 minute of exercise a day.孩子们应该每天至少锻炼60分钟Activities such as riding abike,jumping rope and using the stairs can help you stay fit.例如骑车，跳绳，爬楼梯可以帮你保持健康。
口译二阶段“历年真题”权威汇总——旅游类+政治类(考生必看)
口译二阶段“历年真题”权威汇总——旅游类+政治类（考生必看）We established our friendly and cooperative relations on the understanding that we would develop our friendship on the basis of mutual respect and equality,and mutual benefit.//We believe that it is absolutely important that all nations ,big or small,strong or weak,should establish and maintain their relations on these principles.//We appreciate the interest and understanding that China has shown regarding the problems of small and developing countries.//We also appreciate Ch ina’s firm support in our economic development.//I look forward,in the next few days,to the opportunity of learning something from your experience on promoting economic and socialdevelopment in the interest of your people.//我们建立友好合作关系时是基于这样一种认识，即我们要在相互尊重和平等互利的基础上发展我们的友谊。
//我们认为，所有国家，无论大小强弱，都应该在这些原则的基础上建立和维持相互间的关系，这是至关重要的。
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历年第二届全国英语翻译口译大赛总决赛赛题第一环节：英译中Part I. Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You will hear the passage only once.下面是美国Verizon公司董事长的一次会议讲话节选，主题是展望新技术在卫生保健领域的应用前景。
And “Revolution” is not too strong a word for what technology can do for health care –but we need to act with more speed and more urgency to make this happen. Policy makers could accelerate the implementation of health IT dramatically with just a few critical reforms.If we get this right, we have the chance to dramatically improve the quality of life, not just in the U.S., but around the world. If you think about it, there are more than 5 billion wireless phones in use today around the world. Wireless networks cover more than 85 percent of the world’s population. In less developed countries, they’re more pervasive than roads and electricity.The World Health Organization has just published a report on the fantastic potential for using these wireless networks to deliver m- and e-health care solutions to the world’s population. They note that, while there are lots of small-scale m-health experiments going on, no one has really solved the security, interoperability and standardization problems that are getting in the way of delivering these vital services in asystem-wide,worldwide basis in a secure and interconnected way.At Verizon we think it’s time to scale up.We believe in the disruptive power of innovation to transform health care and dramatically improve the quality of life, for America and the world. This is not onlyone of the world’s great social and moral challenges, but also one of its greatest growth opportunities. We look forward to working with partners across throughout this industry to finally realize the full potential of the health IT revolution.Thank you.第二环节：中译英Part II. Interpret the passage from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You will hear the passage only once.下面是国家工商行政管理总局领导就2011年中国知识产权发展状况答记者问。
刚才田局长的通报当中其实讲了，我们的商标申请量、注册量和有效注册量都居世界第一，但是我们与发达国家相比，我国仍称不上是商标强国。
主要表现在：一是我们现在的商标注册数量和市场主体数量相比还有比较大的差距，到去年底，我国企业注册数量——包括个体户，市场主体一共是5062万户。
那么5062万户拥有的商标是多少呢?是551万件，这就意味着我们9个市场主体1件商标，由市场主体应用商标推动自身发展的意识还不强。
二是我国商标注册数量虽然多，但是世界知名品牌尚少。
去年，世界品牌实验室编制的2011年“世界品牌500强”当中，中国只有11个，100强之内中国只有4个，这说明中国品牌的世界竞争力和影响力还不强。
这也说明我们国家的经济规模——因为我们是第二大经济发展体——和发展速度不相适应。
三是我们商标专用权的保护虽然取得了很大成效，但是商标侵权的案件还时有发生，市场公平竞争的市场秩序有待进一步的优化，打击侵权假冒的力度还需要继续加强。
附：参考译文第一环节参考译文用“革命”一词来形容技术可以在卫生保健领域发挥的作用并不太过，但是要实现这项“革命”，我们需要加快脚步，提高紧迫性。
政策制订者只需要进行几项关键改革，就可以极大地加快卫生信息技术的应用。
如果我们能做到这点，就有机会大幅提高人们的生活品质——不仅仅是在美国，而是在全世界范围内。
想想看，目前全球范围内使用的无线电话超过50亿部，无线网络覆盖了全世界人口的85%。
在欠发达国家，无线网络与道路、电力领域相比，覆盖率已更高。
世界卫生组织刚发布了一份报告，展望了通过使用无线网络向全球人口提供移动及电子卫生保健解决方案的美妙前景。
他们指出，尽管目前正在进行许多小规模的移动卫生保健实验，但是，还没有一项可以真正解决安全性、互操作性和标准化问题，而这些问题正在妨碍在基于全球的整个系统范围内以安全、互联的方式提供上述重要服务。
我们认为，是时候上一台阶了。
我们相信，创新能够在美国乃至全世界的卫生保健领域施展革命性力量，显著提升生活质量。
这不仅是全世界在社会领域、道德领域面临的一项巨大挑战，也是全世界拥有的一个宝贵增长机遇。
我们期待与全业界范围内的伙伴合作，最终释放卫生信息技术革命的全部潜能。
谢谢。
第二环节参考译文Just now, in his earlier remarks, Minister Tian has said that China runs the first in the world in terms of trademark application, registration and valid registration, however, compared with developed countries, China is not yet a strong trademark country.I say this because of the following reasons. First, the number of trademarkregistration in China is way behind the number of market players of China. By the end of last year, the companies -- private companies included -- filed 5.51 million trademark applications, but there were altogether 50.62 million companies, it means only one in nine market players registered the trademark. It also tells us that the awareness of the market players to rely on registration of trademark in their development is still weak.Second, the number of trademark registration. Although the number is big, the number of world-famous brands is small. Last year, according to the statistics of the world brand lab, of the top 500 world-famous brands in 2011, only 11 come from China. And of the top hundred world brands, only four come from China. It tells us that the international competitiveness of Chinese companies is still weak.This is totally out of proportion of the economic scale of China -- being the second largest economy in the world -- and its development speed. Third, although we have achieved a lot in protecting trademark rights, there are still cases of trademark infringements and the environment for fair competition and a good market order is yet to be improved, and the efforts to fight trademark infringement still need to be strengthened.。