英语教学法概述.doc

英语教学法概述

根据不同时期不同阶段的发展，According to the development of different stage and different periods.英语教学法主要分为传统和现代两大类Teaching methodology mainly divided into 2 types:traditional pedagogy and modern English teaching.传统教学法包括语法翻译法(The Grammar-Translation Method)、直接法(The Direct Method)、听说法(The Audio-lingual Method)，还有教授语法知识的演绎法(The Deductive Method)、归纳法(The Inductive Method)等。Traditional pedagogy includes t he Grammar-Translation Method, the direct method , the Audio-lingual Method, The Deductive Method and The Inductive Method.现代英语教学包括情景语言法、视听法、交际法、自然法、全身反应法、暗示法等。归而言之，无论采取哪一种方法，都必须与教学大纲所规定的教学任务和目标相对应。Modern English teaching includes scene language method, audio visual approach, communicative approach, Natural Approach, The Total Physical Response Method, suggestopaedia. No matter what kind of method to take,Must be with the teaching program by corresponding teaching task and goal.

下面介绍几种外语教学法的主要流派及其特点

This paper introduces several below the main schools of teaching foreign languages and the characteristics

一、翻译法(Translation Method)

翻译法也叫语法翻译法(Grammar-Translation Method)、阅读法(Reading Method)、古典法(Classical Method)。翻译法最早是在欧洲用来教授古典语言希腊语和拉丁语的外语教学方法，到18世纪末和19世纪中期开始被用来教授现代语言。Translation is the first law in Europe to the classical language Greek and Latin methods for foreign language teaching,To 18 th century and the middle of the nineteenth century began to be used to teach modern language.翻译法的教学目的Teaching aims是培养学生阅读外国文学作品的能力和模仿范文进行写作的能力Train students reading foreign literature of the ability to work and imitating model essay writing ability。其突出的特点是：教师用母语授课，授课重点是讲解与分析句子成分和语音、词汇变化与语法规则。Its outstanding characteristic is: teachers teaching language, teaching key is about and analysis the sentence, and pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar rules changes

翻译法历史悠久，其优点是：have a long history advantage

1. 学生语法概念清晰；Students grammar concepts are clear

2. 阅读能力较强，尤其是遇到长而难的句子时通过分析句子结构便能理解意思；Reading ability is strong, especially in long and difficult sentence through the analysis the sentence structure and can understand the meaning

3. 有助于培养翻译能力和写作能力。Help develop translation ability and the writing ability

翻译法的缺点是：

1. 忽视口语教学，学生的语音语调差，不利于培养学生用外语进行交际的能力；Ignore oral English teaching, students' poor pronunciation intonation, to the detriment of cultivating students' ability to communicate in English

2. 教学方式单一，学生容易失去兴趣。Simple teaching methods, students easy to lose interest

二、直接法(Direct Method)

直接法也叫自然法(Natural Method)、心理法(Psychological Method)、口语法(Oral Method)、改良法(Reformed Method)。针对翻译法不能培养学生听说能力的缺点，直接法于19世纪末在欧洲产生。In translating can't train students' ability to hear the faults, and direct method in the 19 th century produced in Europe它包含三个方面的意思：It includes three aspects of meaning

直接学习explicit learning、直接理解direct prehension和直接应用direct application。其主要特点是：不允许使用母语，用动作和图画等直观手段解释词义和句子。Don't allow use of mother tongue, use movement and pictures intuitive explains words and sentences means

直接法流行甚广，其优点是：

1. 采用各种直观教具，广泛运用接近实际生活的教学方式，有助于培养用外语思维的能力With various kinds of visual AIDS, widely used close to the real life teaching way, and helps to cultivate the ability of

thinking in a foreign language

2. 强调直接学习和直接应用，注重语言实践练习，学生学习积极性高，学习兴趣浓厚；Emphasis on learning and direct application directly, pay attention to language practice exercises, students learning enthusiasm is high, a strong interest in learning

3. 重视口语和语音教学，能有效地培养学生的语言运用能力。Emphasis on oral and pronunciation teaching, can effectively foster students' ability to use the language

其缺点是：

1. 排斥母语，使学生对一些抽象和复杂的概念难以理解；Rejection native language, make the students some abstract and complex concept is difficult to understand

2. 没有明晰的语法解释，导致学生说出的话语法错误较多。No clear explanation of the grammar, causes students to words grammar mistakes more

三、听说法(Audiolingualism, Audiolingual Method)

听说法于20世纪40至60年代盛行于美国。Hear method in the 20 th century 40 to 60 s prevails in the United States二战爆发后，美国需要派大量的士兵出国作战，士兵们需要掌握所去国家的语言，政府临时抽调外语教学法和语言学专家以及有经验的外语教师，成立了外语训练中心，研究外语速成教学方法，以六至八个月为一期，培训士兵，其训练方法就是听和说，听说法就这样产生了。After the outbreak of the

second world war, the United States needs to send a lot of soldiers fighting abroad, the soldiers need to master the language to countries, the government temporarily transferred foreign language teaching methods and linguistic experts and experienced foreign language teacher, founded the foreign language training center, the foreign language teaching method crash, with six to eight months for a period, training soldiers, the training method is to listen to and said, hear method is thus produced.它吸收了直接法的许多优点，又受结构主义语言学和行为主义心理学的影响。It absorbed the direct method of many advantages, again by structural linguistics and behaviorism psychology influence.认为外语学习是习惯的形成，采取模仿、机械练习和记忆的方法强化学生的反应；Think of foreign language learning is the habit of form, take imitation, mechanical exercises and memory method to improve students' response 课堂上学生做大量的句型操练，不考虑意思和语境。Students in the class to do lots of practice patterns, don't consider the meaning and contexts

其优点是：

1. 培养学生敢于大胆主动地使用所学语言进行交谈，口语能力较强；To cultivate students dare bold initiative to talk to use language, oral English ability is strong;

2. 句型操练对初学者帮助很大，语言规范；Practice patterns for beginners a great help, the language standard

其缺点是：

1. 大量的模仿和机械操练不利于发展学生的创造性思维；A large number of imitation and mechanical practicing disadvantageous to the development of students' creative thinking;

2. 脱离语言内容和语境的句型操练不利于学生对语言的灵活运用。From language content and the sentence pattern of context practice against students' language flexibility.

3. 放松读写训练，不利于学生全面发展实践能力。Relax literacy training, go against the comprehensive development of students practical ability.

四、情境法(Situational Method)

情境法也叫视听法。针对听说法脱离语境，孤立地练习句型，影响培养学生有效使用语言能力的问题，20世纪50年代在法国产生了情境法。According to hear law from context, and isolated practice patterns, influence students use language effectively the problem of ability, in the 1950 s in the French produced situation method.它吸取了直接法和听说法的许多优点。It absorbed the direct method and heard the method many advantages.充分利用幻灯机、录音机、投影机、电影和录象等视听教具，让学生边看边听边说，身临其境地学习外语，把看到的情景和听到的声音自然地联系起来，强调通过情景操练句型，在教学中只允许使用目的语。Make full use of slide projector, overhead projector, tape recorder, film and video and other audio-visual teaching AIDS, let the