2014年中石化中级职称英语试卷B卷(手敲版)20140413

2014年中石化中级任职资格外语考试试卷B卷一、阅读理解（阅读下列短文并用英语回答问题，共20分）短文1（10分）How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull. What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example.In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats, and more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical(周期性的) pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War II, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous(失礼的) to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!Questions:1.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes2.The main idea of the last paragraph is3. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to4.As to the trends of fashion, the author thinks that few people5.According to the passage, causes of fashions are短文2（10分）A lot of people think that if they put off the decision of whether they want to stay in or leave their relationships, the problems they are having will magically somehow heal themselves or disappear .They won’t.If you don’t invest some quality time now in taking a true ,honest and truthful look at the state of your relationship, you could stay stuck in this place of indecision for a very long time, Many people waste so much precious time when they could be experiencing an incredible relationship filled with love, passion and joy, either in their current relationship or one that is more of what they want. We encourage you to take an honest look at your situationand feel how much pain you’ve been feeling about this relationship. If having a great relationship is important to you, you need to decide that you’re not willing to live without the love, passion, intimacy, and tenderness. You have to take the first step to create the kind of relationship and love you want in your life.We’re not suggesting that you should leave your current relationship or marriage and head out looking fo r the new love of your life. That’s your decision and one that should only be made after some careful insight and thinking. What we are telling you is that life is too short to go through it without having the love you want and the love that’s possible for all of us. If you are in a relationship that is causing you to wonder whether you should stay in it or leave—it’s important that you take some time now to make it clear so that you’ll be able to ask yourself openly and honestly whether you’ll be able to h eal the challenges.Questions:1.According to the passage, if one person is not willing to live without to live, passion, tenderness and so on, he has to2.To make a decision about whether they want to stay in or leave their relationships quicker, people should3.The word “incredible”(Para .2) probably mean in the passage.4.The purpose of the passage is to5.According to the passage, the deci sion about one’ s relationship should only be made after二、英译汉（50分）短文1（25分）（此部分有两篇短文，请任选一篇作答）第一篇As much as one half of the oil that enters the coastal environment comes from oil and natural gas. These geologic features are known to occur in clusters are such as off the southern coast of California and in the Gulf of Mexico, but are still relatively unsteadied, In recent years, advances in remote sensing have enabled more accurate detection and estimates of natural oil flows in the ocean.In locations where seeps are found, oil flows slowly up through networks of cracks, forming springs of hydrocarbons similar to the La Brae tar pits on land. Lighter compounds rise buoyantly to the water’s surface and evaporate or become entrained in ocean currents; others fall to the seafloor and collect over hundreds or thousands of years.Seeps are often found in places where oil and gas extraction activities are also located. As a result, many surface slicks and tar balls caused by seeps are often attributed to releases from oil and gas platforms.第二篇Carbon and hydrocarbon resources have many other uses that generating power on a large scale. Coal and other fossil fuels are required in much larger quantities than uranium to produce the equivalent amount of electricity—nuclear power is very energy-dense, an extremely concentrated form of energy. Nuclear power already has substantially reduced the use of gas to generate base-load power. A further aspect of natural resource use in some places is regarding fresh water. Coal-fired plants are often built on coalfields for logistical reasons, and then cooled with fresh water using evaporative cooling towers. These use a lot of water. With nuclear plants, there is no similar siting consideration and they may more readily be put an the coastline, using seawater for cooling without evaporation. In Australia, a dry continent, a move from coal-fired to nuclear power could save enough fresh water to supply a city of four million people. （二）短文2（25分）There are dozens of mind-body techniques for you to choose from. The key is to find one you are comfortable with and then do it regularly．Simply writing about negative, unpleasant events may actually boost your immunity according to researchers. Scientists are not completely sure why it works，but they know that when individuals write，it helps them organize events, which in turn gives them more understanding of the situation．When you can give a stressful experience meaning through writing, you don’t think about it or worry about it as much. And when you reduce stress，you boost immune functioning. How much you write or how long you write depends upon how much stress you feel about the event．One doctor suggests that people write until they are tired of writing and then read over what they have written．This helps make more sense of it. Also，just talking about a stressful experience with a friend can have the same positive effect.Whichever mind-body techniques work best for you , never rely on them and them alone to keep you mentally and physically well, Like exercise. good nutrition and proper medical care, methods such as relaxation therapies are only one part of the recipe for good health.三、汉译英（30分）（一）句子翻译（10分）（1）女性吸烟者被认为受影响较小，因为他们吸的没有那么深。