机械类专业英语应用教程Unit 2
机械专业英语董建国 第2章
Unit 2
3. The work is given the primary motion while the tool is fed
continuously.
工件做主运动，而刀具则做连续进给运动。
“be given” (被给)常可译成“得到”、“获得”。例如：
I am given a book. 我得到一本书。 In turning, the work is given the primary motion. 车削时，工件获得主运动。
EXERCISES
1．Discuss the following questions in English:
(1) What is the primary motion? (2) What is the feed motion? (3) What is turning? (4) What is drilling?
Unit 2
Unit 2
TEXT READING MATERIAL
Unit 2
TEXT
Primary Motion and Feed Motion
Broadly speaking，two kinds of relative motion must be provided
by a machine tool—the primary motion and the feed
Unit 2
2．Use English for replacing Chinese or use Chinese for
replacing English.
(1) 相对运动 (2) 加工表面 (3) 机械制造 (4) Desired geometry (5) A machining operation (6) Rotating a cutting tool
机械工程专业英语Unit 2
the physical properties. 因为某些微量元素，尤其是碳，极大地影响物理性能，所以必须了
解对钢的分析。 ➢ Alloy steels owe their properties to the presence of one or more
elements other than carbon, namely nickel, chromium,
Control of this reaction, which arises due to the drastically different carbon solubility of austenite and ferrite, enables a wide range of properties to be achieved through heat treatment .
铁碳图中靠近铁素体区和含碳量高于2%的那些部分对工程师 而言不重要，因此将它们去掉。如图2.1所示的简化铁碳图将焦点 集中在共析区，这对理解钢的性能和处理是十分有用的。
1、be of sth. 拥有，具有 2、focus on 致力于，对…予以注意，把焦点集中于…，focus…on 把…集中/聚焦到…，be focused on 集中/聚焦到... 3、be useful in 在…方面有用
机械工程专业英语教程第2版Lesson 2
Rotary Motion. The motion that is commonly transmitted is rotary motion. This type of motion may be produced with hand tools or power tools. Rotary motion is required to drill holes, turn parts in a lathe, mill surfaces, or drive a generator or fan belt.[4] 4. rotary motion 意为“回转运动”。全句可译为： 钻孔、在车床上车削零件、铣平面、驱动发电机或风扇的 带等都需要回转运动。
2012-2-4
《机械工程专业英语教程》
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Harmonic and Intermittent Motion.[6] Any simple vibration, such as the regular back-and-forth movement of the end of a pendulum, is simple harmonic motion.[7] 6. harmonic and intermittent motion 意为谐和运动和间歇运 动”。 7. simple harmonic motion 意为“简谐运动”。全句可译 为 ： 任何简单的振动，例如摆的下端有规律的往复运动是简 谐运动。
2012-2-4
《机械工程专业英语教程》
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Rectilinear Motion. The feed of a tool on a lathe, the cutting of steel on a power saw, or the shaping of materials are all situations in which rectilinear or straight line motion produces work. In each of these situations a part or mechanism is used to change rotary motion to straight line motion. The screw of a micrometer and the threads in a nut are still other applications where the direction of motion is changed from rotary to rectilinear.[5] 5. the screw of a micrometer 意为“千分尺中的螺杆”全句 可译为： 千分尺中的螺杆和螺母中的螺纹是把运动方向从转动变 为直线的另外一些应用实例。
章跃机械制造工程专业英语---Lesson 2 Hardening and Tempering
Lesson 2 Hardening and TemperingPlain carbon steel has been valued from early time because of certain properties. This soft silver-gray metal could be converted into a superhard substance that would cut glass and many other substances, including itself when soft. Furthermore, its hardness could be controlled. This converting of carbon steel into a steel of useful hardness is done with different heat treatments, two of the most important of which are hardening and tempering (drawing), which you will investigate in this lesson.Hardening by quenchingAs steel is heated above the lower critical temperature of 1330F (721C), the carbon that was in the form of layers of iron carbide in pearlite begins to dissolve in the iron and form a solid solution called austenite. When this solution of iron and carbon is suddenly cooled or quenched, a new microstructure is formed. This is called martensite. Martensite is very hard and brittle, having a much higher tensile strength than the steel with a pearlite microstructure. It is quite unstable, however, and must be tempered (drawn) to relieve internal stresses in order to have the ductility and toughness needed to be useful. AISI-C1095, commonly known as water-hardening tool (W1) steel, will begin to show hardness when quenched from a temperature just over 1330F (721C) but will not harden at all if quenched from a temperature lower than 1330F (721C). This steel will become as hard as it can get when heated to 1450F (788C) and quenched in water. This quenching temperature changes as the carbon content changes. It should be 50F (28C) above the upper critical temperature for carbon steels containing less than 0.83 percent carbon. The reason carbon steel ,less than eutectoid, should be heated above theupper critical temperature is that the ferrite is not all transformed into austenite below this point, and when quenched, is retained in the martensitic structure. The retained ferrite causes brittleness even after tempering.Low carbon steels such as AISI 1020 will not, for all practical purpose, harden when they are heated and quenched. Oil- and air-hardening steels have a higher hardenability and do not have to be quenched as rapidly as plain carbon steels. Consequently, they are deeper hardening than water hardening types, which must be cooled to 200F within 1 or 2 seconds. Plain carbon steels containing 0.83 percent carbon can get as hard (RC67) as any plain carbon steel containing more carbon.TemperingTempering, or drawing, is a process of reheating a steel part that has been previously hardened to transform some of the hard martensite into softer structures. The higher the tempering temperature used, the more martensite is transformed, and the softer and tougher (less brittle) the piece becomes. Therefore, tempering temperatures are specified according to the strength and ductility desired. Mechanical properties charts, which may be found in steel manufacturers’handbooks and catalogs, give these data for each type of alloy steel.A part can be tempered in a furnace or oven by bringing it to the required temperature and holding it there for a length of time, then cooling it in air or water. Some tool steels should be cooled rapidly after tempering to avoid temper brittleness.Tempering should be done as soon as possible after hardening. The part should not be allowed to cool completely, since untempered it contains very high internal stresses and tends to split or crack. Tempering will relieve the internal stresses. A hardened part left overnight without tempering may develop cracks by itself.New words 学习1.hardening 淬火2.temper 回火3.convert 转变4.value 重视，尊重……Notes1. This soft silver-gray metal could be converted into a superhard substance that would cut glass and many other substances, including itself when soft.这种银灰色的软金属能够转变成一种超硬的物质，该物质可以切削玻璃和许多其它物质，包括处于软状态时的该金属本身。
机械工程英语第二版第二部分完整翻译
机械工程英语第二版第二部分翻译Unit 1Introduction前言The central and essential ingredient of GAD/CAMis the digital computer.〔1〕Its inherent speed and storage capacity have made it possible to achieve the advances in image processing, real-time process control, and a multitude of other important functions that are simply too complex and time-consuming to perform manually. To understand CAD/CAM it is important to be familiar with the concepts and technology of the digital computer CAD/CAM的重要组成部分是数字计算机，它固有的速度以及存储能力似的它能够在图像处理，实时过程控制以及很多因太复杂太费时而人工无法完成的其他重要功能方面获得进步，要想懂得CAD/CAM，熟悉数字电脑的概念和技术是很重要的.The modern digital computer is an electronic machine that can perform mathematical and logical calculations and data processing functions in accordance with a predetermined program of instructions. The computer itself is referred to as hardware, whereas the various programs are referred to as software.现在数字计算机是一部能够根据预定的程序来完成数字和逻辑运算以及数据处理功能的电子设备，计算机本身称为硬件，而各种各样的程序称为软件There are three basic hardware components of a general-purpose digital computer;一般用途的数字计算机由三种基本硬件组成.Central processing unit (CPU) 微处理器.Memory存储器.Input/output ( I/0 )section输入/输出设备The relationship of these three components is illustrated in Fig. 1.1. The central processing unit is often considered to consist of two subsections; a control unit and an arithmetic-logic unit (ALU). 这三个组成部分的关系如图1.1所示，中央处理器通常被认为包含两部分:一个控制器和一个运算器.The control unit coordinates the operations of all the other components. 控制器控制所有其他组成部分的运输。
机械工程英语叶邦彦第二单元到第四单元课文 翻译综述
Unit 2 Numerical Control of Production EquipmentUnit 2 生产设备的数字控制Numerical Control (NC) is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols. The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular work-part or job. 数控是程序控制的自动化，在数字控制系统中，设备通过数字，字母和符号来编码，以一种合适的格式为每一个特定的零件或工件定义一个程序指令集。
When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed. The capability to change the program is what makes NC suitable for low-and medium-volume production. It is much easier to write new programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment.当工件变化时，程序也变化，改变程序的能力亦适合中小批量生产。
写一个新程序比改变大量生产设备要容易的多。
Basic Components of NC数控基本结构A numerical control system consists of the following three basic components:数控系统由下面三部分组成：• Program of instructions控制程序• Machine control unit机器控制单元• Processing equipment加工设备The general relationship among the three components is illustrated in Fig. 2.1. The program is fed into the control unit, which directs the processing equipment accordingly.三部分的基本关系，由图 2.1 所示。
机械专业英语教材词汇
Unit 1Advanced Engineering MaterialsCeramic 陶瓷Organic 有机的Inorganic 无机的Composite 复合材料Lubricant 润滑剂Alloy 合金Conuctivity 传导性Stiffness 刚度Ductility 韧性Cobalt 钴Nickel 镍Aluminum 铝Beverange 饮料Chromium 铬Impact 撞击力Polymer 聚合材料Atom 原子Atomic 原子的Magnisum 镁Flaw 裂纹Nick 刻痕Dent 压痕Shatter 毁损Crumple 皱折Valence 化合价Fracture toughness 断裂韧性Be grouped 归类Be divided into 划分Plastic deformation 塑性变形Be subdivided into 细分，再分Separate …into…分开，分类Unit2Heat Treatment of MetalsHardening 淬火Carbide 硬质合金Preliminary 初步的Specimen 样品Microscopic 显微镜的Rate 速率Flow 流动Exterior 外部Interior 内部Definite 确切的Uniform 一致的Eliminate 排除Warp 变形，扭曲Crack 开裂Partially 部分的Eutectoid 共析的Pearlite 珠光体Cementite 渗碳体Anneal 退火Medium 媒介Brine 盐水Finite 有限的Drawing 轧制Tensile 可拉长的Martensite 马氏体Precipitation 析出、沉淀Agglomeration 凝聚Coalescence 联合，聚并Substantial 大量的Austempering 奥氏回火法Martempering 马氏回火法Critical range 临界范围，临界期Heat quench 热淬火All the more 更加Close control 精确控制Unit 3 CastingProcessesBronze 青铜Brass 黄铜Molten 熔铸的Synthetic 合成的，人造的Pattern 模子Sprue 浇注口Runner 浇道Approximate 近似的Duplicate 复制品Aggregate 集合，总计Flask 沙箱Core 型芯Riser 冒口V oid 空隙Shrink 收缩Cope 上箱Drag 下箱Facilitate 使便利Draft 拔模余量Angular 有角度的Offset 偏移V ertical 垂直的Minimum 最小值Horizontal 水平的Portion 部分Gateway浇口V ent 通气孔Contraction 收缩Linear 线性的Shrinkage 缩水，收缩Sand casting 砂型铸造Core print 型芯头Parting line 分型线Parting face 分型面Machining（finish）allowance 加工余量Unit4 2ForgingProcessescomprehensive 有压力的comprise 包含anvil 铁砧semimechanized 半机械化的elongation 拉伸lateral 横向的upsetting 顶锻bar 棒料axially 轴向的complexity 复杂性giant 巨大的hydraulically 液压的marine 航海的，船舶的propeller 螺旋推进器shaft 轴squeeze 挤，压榨ingot 锭铁refine 精炼randomly 随便地，未加计划地oriented 导向的，使适应，使确定方向porosity 多孔性hot-forming 热成型open-die forging 开模锻造close-die forging 闭模锻造jet-aircraft 喷气式飞机marine propeller shaft 螺旋桨轴drop-forge 冲锻，落锤锻造be oriented in 定……的方位Unit 5 Power Metallurgysinter 烧结coalesce 熔合ferrous 铁的，含铁的resultant 因而发生的，必然产生的homogeneous 同类的，相似的，均一的compromise 折衷的blend 混合glue 胶水theoretical 理论上的segregation 隔离diffusion 扩散，传播article 物品fabrication 编造，虚构捏造，伪造whilst 同时，时时bush 衬套bearing 轴承ferrous and nonferrous metals黑色及有色金属bush type bearing 滑动轴承a mass of 一堆，块，大量，大批，众多Unit 6 Injection Moldingresin 树脂woven 机织织物mat 席子molecule 分子entity 实体，机构analogy 类似，类推，模拟，比喻differentiate 区别，区分thermoset 热固性incident 入射光opaque 不透明的solvent 溶剂fatigue 疲劳polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯transparent 透明的abrasive 研磨剂qualitatively 定性地beam 横梁specimen 样本deflection 挠度，偏差chamical bond 化学键impact strength 冲击强度incident light 入射光short-chopped fiber 短纤维Unit 7 Metal Cuttingnormal 垂直的rack 齿条，货架clearance 间隙，裕量backup 阻塞dissipation 消散rub 摩擦severe 严重的, 剧烈的adjacent 邻近的revolution 周期stroke 冲程，行程schematically 用图示法地elastically 有弹性地shear 剪切considerable 不可忽视的，相当大的curvature 弯曲，曲率rack angle 前角rack face 前刀面mild steel 中碳钢clearance angle 后角flank face 后刀面feed rate 进给量chip curl 切屑螺旋Unit 8 Grindingabrasive 有研磨作用的cylindrical 圆柱的spindle 转轴horizontal水平的vertical 竖直的planer 刨床reciprocating 往复式table 工作台periphery 圆周，边缘fixture 工件夹具chuck 吸盘center 顶尖transverse 横向的longitudinal 纵向的strap n.带, 皮带；vt. (用皮带)捆扎damp 夹紧，夹住planetary 行星的spin 使转动tilt 倾斜的resolve 分解parallel 平行的milling cutter 铣刀cylindrical surface 柱面cylindrical grindingmachine 外圆磨床strap clamp 压板cylindrical grinding外圆磨削internal grinding 内圆磨削depth of cut 背吃刀量plunge cut 切入磨削rest blade 托板rubber-bonded 橡胶胶合Unit 9 Lappingand Polishinglapping 研磨polishing 抛光lap 研具embedded 压入的slurry 悬浮液piston 活塞cylinder 汽缸peak 凸峰valley 凹陷scratch 划痕pit 凹坑，蚀坑plateau 平台，高原spherical 球面的curvy 弯曲的lustrous 有光泽的mechanism 机构，机械装臵smear 磨平，抹平electropolishing 电解抛光electroplating 电镀ion 离子electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质，电解液anodic 阳极的catholic 阴极的dissolution 溶解，融化fabrication 制造，生产，加工wafer 薄板resilient 有回弹力的reagent 试剂silicon 硅multiphase 多方面的dynamic 动力desorption解吸附作用compositive 合成的cast iron 生铁，铸铁，machining mark 机械加工痕迹surface irregularity表面不平度mountain ranges 山脉ground down 碾碎glass lenses 玻璃透镜fine scale 精密标度mirror-like 镜似的finishing techniques 加工技巧direct electrical current 直流电metallic salt 金属盐类chemical mechanical polishing化学机械抛光damage-free 不受损伤integrated circuit 集成电路active compound 有效成分oxidation-reductive 氧化还原的Unit10 SurfaceEngineeringtailor 使适应需要resistivity 抵抗能力conversion 转换spray 喷涂dip 浸没charge 通电electrode 电极anode 阳极cathode 阴极deposite 沉淀substrate 基体ionic 离子的terminal 电极终端nugget 块金，矿块corrode使腐蚀; 侵蚀ripple 波动predictable 可预知的replenishment 补给，补充solution 溶液corrosion 腐蚀abrasion 磨损generic 一般的droplet 小滴unique 唯一的routine 常规；常规的alternative 两者选一的implantation 插入，灌输plasma 等离子体impinge 碰撞embed 把……嵌入，埋入lattice 栅，格atomic 原子晶格coil 线圈vacuum 真空的chamber 室mismatch 错配laser 激光hardfacing 硬质焊敷层dosage 剂量plating tank 电镀槽ionic potential 离子势free standing 独立式的shallow region 阴影区，“死”区atomic lattice 原子晶格Unit11 Lathe and Turninglathe 车床revolution 回转simultaneously 同时地automation 自动化diversity 不同，多样性representative 代表性的frame 架，座身nodular 球状的damp 减振guideway 导轨，导向轴套lengthwise 纵长地technician 技术人员spindle 主轴gearbox 齿轮箱infinitely 无限地hollow 中空的taper n. 锥形；v. 逐渐变细threaded 带螺纹的intermediate 中间的quill 套筒轴transversely 横着的alignment 同轴性handwheel 手轮screw 螺丝nut 螺母carriage 滑动部分apron 溜板箱rear 后面的actuate 开动，操纵lever 操纵杆disengage 脱离，释放，使（离合器）分开keyway 键槽shift 改变，换挡engine lathe 普通车床toolroom lathe 工具车床turret lathe 砖塔车床vertical turning andboring mill 立式车床automatic lathe 自动车床special-purpose lathe专用车床nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁bar stock 棒料face plate 划线平板twist drill 麻花钻头boring bar 钻杆feed rod 光杠lead screw 丝杠worm gear 涡轮Unit12 Drillingand Millingdrilling 钻削milling 铣削symmetrical 对称的flute 出屑槽helical 螺旋的coolant 冷却剂，切削液survey 概述shank 钻柄wedge 楔子，楔面socket 孔，套管tang 扁尾slot (机器或工具上的)狭缝, 狭槽margin页边空白；边,边缘；刃带locate 定位lip 刀刃helix 螺旋线、面contoured 波形状的adversely 不利地versatile 多方面的，通用的backbone 主力chiel-like edge 横刀helix angle 螺旋升角carbide-tipped drill 硬质合金钻Unit13 Jigs andFixturessecure 固定identical 同样的eliminate 排除trial 试验rib 加强肋incorporate 使合并reamer 铰刀facilitate 使容易，使便利filing整理成档案,文件归档,锉accumulate 积累output 产量observance 习惯，惯例encroach 侵略mutually 互相地perpendicular 垂直的translation 翻译，直线运动，平动distort 扭曲beneach 在……之下frame 结构ream 铰孔bolt hole 螺栓孔with respect to 关于，至于be identical with与……一致Unit14 Limitsand Tolerancestolerance 公差interpretation 解释，描述curve 曲线unilateral 一方的，一侧的conversant熟悉的,了解的bilateral 双边的，双面的minus 负的，减去variation 变化，改变interchangeability 互换性ambiguity 不明确，含糊nominal 名义上的deviation 偏离，背离operating mechanism 传动机构nominal size公称尺寸Unit15 UnconventionalMachining Processesultrasonic 超声的，超声波的etching 侵蚀加工limitation 局限，限制，限额conversion 转化，变换succession 连续性，后继者electrolytic 电解的degenerate 衰败，退步，堕落stationary 静止的possess 具有，拥有，掌握dielectric 电介质的reservoir 水库，蓄水池foul 恶劣，劣化debris 碎屑servomechanism 伺服机构Fahrenhait 华氏温度计的plasma-jet 等离子流chemical etching 化学刻蚀法electrolytic grinding 电解研磨direct current 直流电degenerate into 衰败为，退步为，堕落为。
工业机器人专业英语课件Chapter 2
QUESTIONS
Questions
Question 1: How many types of robots are mentioned in this chapter, and what are they?
Question 2: What is an industrial robot?
Answer
VOCABULARY
nursing /'nɜːsɪŋ/ n. 护理；看护；养育v. 看护；养育（nurse的ing形式） precision /prɪ'sɪʒ(ə)n/ n. 精度，[数] 精密度；精确adj. 精密的，精确的 fatigue /fə'tiːg/ n. 疲劳，疲乏；杂役 adj. 疲劳的 vt. 使疲劳 vi. 疲劳 speed /spiːd/ v. 快速运动；加速；（使）繁荣；n. 速度；进度；迅速 quality /ˈkwɒlətɪ/ n. 质量，[统计] 品质；特性；才能adj. 优质的；高品质的 surgical /'sɜːdʒɪk(ə)l/ n. 外科手术；外科病房adj. 外科的；手术上的 procedure /prə'siːdʒə/ n. 程序，手续；步骤 guardian /'gɑːdɪən/ n. [法] 监护人，保护人；守护者adj. 守护的 patient /'peɪʃ(ə)nt/ n. 病人，患者；受动者，承受者adj. 有耐心的，能容忍的 response /rɪ'spɒns/ n. 响应；反应；回答
Answerຫໍສະໝຸດ Question 5: How to choose a suitable explorer robot?
TRANSLATION
VOCABULARY
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2.2 典型语法现象的翻译
• 2.2.1被动语态 • 在专业英语中，往往对一种现象的原理阐述和解说比较重视，对于事实的 阐述是客观的而非主观臆断，因此被动语态是很常见的。通过在句子中大 量使用被动语态，在表达客观事实的同时又可以避免读者因猜想而导致的 曲解，还能够在句子结构留出更大的修饰空间，通过采用合适的修辞手段 来丰富句子内容，扩充句子的信息量。
2.1 翻译的基本方式
• （2）意译（Free Translation/ Paraphrase）
• 意译是只忠实于原文的内容，不拘泥于原文的形式的一种翻译方式。通常 在翻译句子或词组（或更大的意群）时使用较多，意译主要在原语与译语 体现巨大文化差异的情况下得以应用。从跨文化语言交际和文化交流的角 度来看，意译强调的是译语文化体系和原语文化体系的相对独立性。意译 更能够体现出本民族的语言特征。例如习语、诗词、成语等的翻译，常常 通过意译来达到“信、达、雅”。
2.2.1被动语态
• 2. 译成汉语的无主句 • 当英语动词的行为主体没有知名，而谓语往往带有状语（尤指行为方式状 语）时，可将英语主语译成汉语宾语，译成汉语的无主句。例如： • ① Movement is transferred to the spindle via two gears. 通过两个齿轮将运动传 递给主轴。 • ② The control buttons at the switch-board or the two movable pedal-operated switches can be used. 可以使用配电板上的控制按钮或者两个移动式脚踏开 关。
2.2.1被动语态
• 1. 译成汉语的主动式 • 将英语主语译成汉语宾语，英语中“by短语”中介词的宾语译为主语，或 另加“人们，我们…”等为主语，译成汉语的主动式。例如：Radio waves are transmitted by radio stations. 可译为：无线电站传送无线电波。
• 有时，英语句子的地点状语也可以译成汉语的主语。例如Multiple threads of 2, 3 and 6 starts can be cut on this machine. 可以译成：这台机器可以加工2、3 及6头的多头螺纹。
2.1 翻译的基本方式
• 3. 翻译的基本方式及其选择 • （1）直译（Literal Translation） • 直译即既忠实于原文的内容，又忠实于原文的形式翻译方式。英汉两种语 言，其句子的主干成份的语序在基本句型中是一致的。这便为直译这种翻 译的基本方式奠定了基础。例如： • ① All things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事总是由难到易。 • ② The price of gasoline will come down in Chinese market. 在中国市场汽油的 价格会下降。
• ① Talk of the devil and he will appear. 说曹操，曹操就到。 • ② Sense comes with age. 老马识途。
2.1 翻译的基本方式
• （3）音译（Transliteration） • 音译，就是在译文中按与原文相同的发音造词组句，一般用语外来语的翻 译。例如：motor（马达）、radar（雷达）、laser（雷射）、microphone （麦克风）、model（模特）。
2.2.1被动语态
• 3. 直接译成汉语的被动式
• 也可以直接将英语被动语态译为汉语的被动式。
• （1）译为一般被动式：“被”+及物动词，此时行为主体不出现，例如： • In seeking strength and rigidity, the primary essential of lightweight can never be slighted. 在追求 强度和刚度时，任何微小的基本要素都不能忽略。 • （2）译为完全被动式：“被”、“由”、“让”、“给”、“受到”等字之后跟行为主 体加及物动词，例如： • The eight connecting rods are picked up by the transfer bar grippers and moved into the fourth station. 这8个连杆被传送杆夹钳夹住并移动到第四个工位。 • （3）译成简化被动式：“被”省略的被动式，例如： • When a gas is cooled, the motion of its molecules becomes slower. 当气体冷却后，它的分子的 运动就变得缓慢了。
2ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้1 翻译的基本方式
• （4）阐译（Hermeneutic translation）
• 阐译是用解释性的语言来表述译文的翻译方式。阐译主要用在两种语言之 间没有完全对应事物，但又不能简单用音译来翻译的情况。例如：英语中 有summing settings一词，汉语中却没有其对应的说法。因此，采用阐译， 译成： “指夏季野游时所用的成套物件，包括躺椅、大遮阳伞、野餐工具 和游泳蛙掌等”。 • 翻译毕竟不是解释，翻译是寻找对等，是以译语的对等物表达原语。因此 除非不得已，尽量不用阐译。
Unit 2 专业英语的理解与翻译
目录
contents
2.1 翻译的基本方式 2.2 典型语法现象的翻译
2.3 词汇的翻译
2.4 句子的翻译
2.1 翻译的基本方式
• 1. 翻译的定义 • 语言是人类交流思想的一种手段，使用不同语言的人们要交流思想，必须 借助翻译。“翻译”就是一种语言文字的思想内容和风格用另一种语言的 习惯表达方式确切而完整地重新表达出来的过程。
2.1 翻译的基本方式
• 2. 翻译的标准
• 翻译的标准既是衡量译文质量的尺度，也是指导翻译实践的准则，因此翻译的标准一直是 翻译工作者关注的问题，其中最有影响的是清末著名的翻译家严复先生在1898年提出的 “信、达、雅”三原则。由于这个提法严谨准确，历来为后人所推崇，至今仍有很大影响。 只是随着时代的发展，人们对翻译标准的认识，已有了一些进一步的见解。 • 机械专业英语属科技英语。就科技英语的翻译而言，其翻译标准有多种说法，有的主张 “等值”，有的主张“信、顺”，有的主张“信、达、切”，众说纷纭。但都有一个共同 点，即是必须坚持准确、通顺和规范三条标准，忠实于原文，准确、完整、科学表达原文 内容,语言通顺连贯，上下文衔接流畅，用词造句符合汉语习惯、符合学科领域规范、符 合汉语专业词汇表达的独特语言形式，简练紧凑，通俗易懂。