Lesson 21 Wafers电子技术专业英语教程
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电子信息工程专业英语教程 第一课
gates per chip, 1.5 micrometer chip geometries. • 1984: 0.5 micrometer chip geometries.
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Company Information
• The vacuum tube is an electron tube from which all or most of the gas has been removed, permitting electrons to move with no or low interaction with any remaining gas molecules.
• Company Information
– Bell Laboratories
– Texas Instruments – Intel Corporation
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Terminology
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Transistor vs. vacuum tube
chip geometries. • 1971: 16-bit Microprocessors are introduced. • 1980's: Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), over 5000 gates per chip. • 1981: Very High Speed Integration (VHSIC), tens' of thousands of
creation of integrated circuits that had previously been made from multiple discrete components. • VLSI：Very Large-scale Integration 超大规模集成(电 路) • VLSI circuits can contain millions of transistors.
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Company Information
• The vacuum tube is an electron tube from which all or most of the gas has been removed, permitting electrons to move with no or low interaction with any remaining gas molecules.
• Company Information
– Bell Laboratories
– Texas Instruments – Intel Corporation
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Terminology
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Transistor vs. vacuum tube
chip geometries. • 1971: 16-bit Microprocessors are introduced. • 1980's: Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), over 5000 gates per chip. • 1981: Very High Speed Integration (VHSIC), tens' of thousands of
creation of integrated circuits that had previously been made from multiple discrete components. • VLSI：Very Large-scale Integration 超大规模集成(电 路) • VLSI circuits can contain millions of transistors.
Lesson 12 Oscilloscope电子技术专业英语教程
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The concept of oscilloscopes
The word "oscilloscope" has evolved to describe any of a variety of electronic instruments used to observe, measure, or record transient physical phenomena and present the results in graphic form. Perhaps the popularity and usefulness of the oscilloscope spring from its exploitation of the relationship between vision and understanding.
Structure Reading/writing techniques
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Vocabulary
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evolve in dictionary
– vi. 进展, 进化, 展开
evolve as (逐渐)成为 evolve from 从...进化而来 evolve into 发展[进化]成
Text tour
Outline
– The concept of oscilloscopes – The prototypical oscilloscopes – Examples of oscilloscopes test – The basic principles of oscilloscopes – Applications
Unit 2电子技术专业英语
电子技术专业英语
》》
UNIT TWO
Part Three
Inductors
电感
An inductor is an electrical device, which can temporarily store electromagnetic energy in the field about it as long as current is flowing through it. The inductor is a coil of wire that may have an air core or an iron core to increase its inductance. A powered iron core in the shape of a cylinder may be adjusted in and out of the core.
（原文片段） 原文片段）
电子技术专业英语
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UNIT TWO
Part One
Resistors
第一部分 电阻器
电阻
电阻器是一种电子元件，它能阻碍电流的流动。 电阻器是一种电子元件，它能阻碍电流的流动。在电阻器中流过的电 流与加在电阻两端的电压成正比，与电阻的阻值成反比。 流与加在电阻两端的电压成正比，与电阻的阻值成反比。这就是欧姆定 律，可以用公式表示成 I = U R / R 。电阻器一般是线性元件，它的 电阻器一般是线性元件， （伏安）特性曲线形成一条直线。 伏安）特性曲线形成一条直线。 电阻器常用做限流器， 电阻器常用做限流器，限制流过元件的电流以防止元件因流过的电 流过大而烧坏。电阻器也可用做分压器，以减少其他电路的电压， 流过大而烧坏。电阻器也可用做分压器，以减少其他电路的电压，如晶 体管偏置电路。电阻器还可以用做电路的负载。 体管偏置电路。电阻器还可以用做电路的负载。
电子专业英语lesson21-DSP
electrocardiograph[ilektrəʊ'kɑ:diəʊgrɑ:f] 心电图，心电图仪
电源示波器
• The signal is often strongly affected by “main pickup” due to electrical interference from the [,intə'fiərəns] mains supply. 市电电源 干扰，干涉 • Processing the signal using a filter circuit can remove or at least reduce the unwanted part of the signal. 滤波器
单元，电池
• DSP signal compression technology allows people not only to talk to one another by telephone but also to see one another on the screens of their PCs, using small video cameras mounted on the computer monitors, with 摄像机 only a conventional telephone line linking them together.
股票 信息流 遥感
[træ ns'dju:sə] 传感器，转换器
• In many cases, the signal is initially in the form of an analog electrical voltage or current, produced for example by a microphone or some other types of transducer. • In some situations the data is already in digital form – such as the output from the readout system of a CD (compact disc) player.
电源示波器
• The signal is often strongly affected by “main pickup” due to electrical interference from the [,intə'fiərəns] mains supply. 市电电源 干扰，干涉 • Processing the signal using a filter circuit can remove or at least reduce the unwanted part of the signal. 滤波器
单元，电池
• DSP signal compression technology allows people not only to talk to one another by telephone but also to see one another on the screens of their PCs, using small video cameras mounted on the computer monitors, with 摄像机 only a conventional telephone line linking them together.
股票 信息流 遥感
[træ ns'dju:sə] 传感器，转换器
• In many cases, the signal is initially in the form of an analog electrical voltage or current, produced for example by a microphone or some other types of transducer. • In some situations the data is already in digital form – such as the output from the readout system of a CD (compact disc) player.
电子信息工程专业英语教程Lesson3Microprocessors
• 流水线是一种在前一条指令全部执行完之前就开始取下一条指 令，以提高处理速度的技术。
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A brief summary of all Pentium families
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• Pentium 4 - Introduced in 2000 (1.4-3.4GHz)
Latest Pentium architecture started out with a 400MHz system bus and 256KB L2 cache (later increased to 800MHz and 2MB). The first models contained 42 million transistors, used the 0.18 micron process and came in 423pin and 478-pin PGA packages. Intel's first Pentium 4 chipset was the 850 and supported only Rambus memory (RDRAM), but subsequent chipsets switched to DDR SDRAM.
• Difference
– Transistors – Microns – Clock speed – Data width – MIPS
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Brief introduction
Intel 4004
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Pentium IV
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Brief introduction
Intel 4004
• Pentium II Xeon - 1998-1999 (400MHz-450MHz) Typically used in high-end and 2-way and 4-way servers, Xeon specs were like Pentium II with L2 cache from 512KB to 2MB and 100MHz system bus.
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A brief summary of all Pentium families
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• Pentium 4 - Introduced in 2000 (1.4-3.4GHz)
Latest Pentium architecture started out with a 400MHz system bus and 256KB L2 cache (later increased to 800MHz and 2MB). The first models contained 42 million transistors, used the 0.18 micron process and came in 423pin and 478-pin PGA packages. Intel's first Pentium 4 chipset was the 850 and supported only Rambus memory (RDRAM), but subsequent chipsets switched to DDR SDRAM.
• Difference
– Transistors – Microns – Clock speed – Data width – MIPS
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Brief introduction
Intel 4004
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Pentium IV
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Brief introduction
Intel 4004
• Pentium II Xeon - 1998-1999 (400MHz-450MHz) Typically used in high-end and 2-way and 4-way servers, Xeon specs were like Pentium II with L2 cache from 512KB to 2MB and 100MHz system bus.
电子与通信工程专业英语Unit 21
许多新的卫星(电视)系统以及DVD，是采用可以提供十分清晰图像的数字编码 机制。这种系统中，数字信息被转换成模拟格式，以便显示在模拟电视机上。与 VHS式图像相比，这种图像很清晰，但如果不把这些图像转换成模拟格式，图像 将会更加清晰。
There is now a big push underway to convert all TV sets from analog to digital, so that digital signals drive your TV set directly.
Digital Television & Liquid Crystal Display
Translation Reading More Translating skills Text
Digital Television & Liquid Crystal Display
1. Digital TV The horizontal resolution is something like 500 dots for a color analog TV set. This level of resolution was amazing 50 years ago, but today it is rather passe. The lowest resolution computer monitor that anyone uses today has 640×480 pixels, and most people use a resolution like 800×600 or 1024×768. We have grown comfortable with the great clarity and solidity of a computer display, and analog TV technology pales by comparison.
There is now a big push underway to convert all TV sets from analog to digital, so that digital signals drive your TV set directly.
Digital Television & Liquid Crystal Display
Translation Reading More Translating skills Text
Digital Television & Liquid Crystal Display
1. Digital TV The horizontal resolution is something like 500 dots for a color analog TV set. This level of resolution was amazing 50 years ago, but today it is rather passe. The lowest resolution computer monitor that anyone uses today has 640×480 pixels, and most people use a resolution like 800×600 or 1024×768. We have grown comfortable with the great clarity and solidity of a computer display, and analog TV technology pales by comparison.
电子科学与技术专业英语资料
电子科学与技术专业英语复习资料一，单词翻译（20 分）heterojunction collector junction发射结emitter junction 基区base region肖特基接触schottky contact 复合recombination固相扩散Solid phase diffusion 多晶硅polycrystalline微波器件microwave devices 损耗depletion漏电流leakage current 多数载流子majority - carrier少数载流子minority - carrier 封装package电阻resistance 电流current电流密度current density 电压voltage输入端input port 输出端output port近红外near-infrared 紫外ultraviolet传输模式transport form 饱和电流saturation currents光学吸收optical absorption 受激辐射stimulated emission自发辐射spontaneous emission二、阅读理解（20 分）三、段落翻译（40 分）1、The unfolding story of solid-state electronics can be told rather completely in terms of evolving fabrication technology, constantly expanding the number of options available to the device and integrated-circuit designer. It was for technological reasons that an early and important kind of BJT was a germanium PNP device. The term PNP labels the conductivity types of the three regions within a BJT, regions separated by two PN junctions. In later years, and again partly for technological reasons, the dominant BJT was a silicon NPN device. In integrated circuits today, the combination of silicon NPN and PNP devices is a growing practice because the resulting complementary circuits have important power-dissipation and performance advantages. For convenience and consistency, however, and because of its continuing importance, the silicon NPN BJT will be the vehicle for this chapter.根据制备技术的进化，给器件和集成电路设计者的可用选择数不断扩展，使得固态电子学的演变故事可以描述得更为完整。
电子信息工程专业英语28SignalSources
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Basic Signal Source Applications
stress/margin test
• Stressing Communication Receivers
Engineers working with serial data stream architectures (commonly used in digital communications buses and disk drive amplifiers) need to stress their devices with impairments, particularly jitter and timing violations. Advanced signal sources save the engineer untold hours of calculation by providing efficient built-in jitter editing and generation tools. These instruments can shift critical signal edges as little as 0.3 ps.
– Full range 满量程
– Troubleshooting 发现并修理故障
– DMM: Digital Multimeter 数字多用表
– UUT: Unit Under Test 被测设备
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Backgrounds
• Terminology
– AWG: Arbitrary Waveform Generator 任意波形发生器
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2010-1-1《电子技术专业 Nhomakorabea语教程》
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Backgrounds
Terminology
– – – – – silicon wafer Ion implantation wafer Fabrication radio frequency amplifiers mechanical strength 硅晶圆 离子注入 晶圆制造 音频放大器 机械强度
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Procedure in text
Wafer Fabrication is a procedure composed of many repeated sequential processes to produce complete electrical or photonic circuits. 晶圆制造是一种由很多连续重复的加工步骤组成的, 用来制造完整的电子学或者光子学电路的加工过程.
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Etch
in dictionary
To cut into the surface of (glass, for example) by the action of acid. 蚀刻:用酸蚀刻(玻璃的)表面 To make or create by this method: 以蚀刻法制作:以蚀刻的方法制作或创作: To impress, delineate, or imprint clearly: 铭记:铭刻,描述或给…以极深的印象: To engage in etching. 蚀刻:从事蚀刻工作
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Optical
in text
Examples including production of radio frequency (RF) amplifiers, LEDs, optical computer components, and CPUs for computers. 实例包括音频放大器,发光二极管,光学器件和中央 处理器制造等加工过程.
A manner of proceeding; a way of performing or effecting something: 程序,进程,影响:方式;进行或完成某事的途径: A series of steps taken to accomplish an end: 步骤:为执行或完成某事采取的一系列步骤: a long therapeutic procedure. 长期治疗过程
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Miller index
以晶胞基矢定义的互质整数,用以表示晶面的方向. 确定某平面在直角坐标系 3个轴上的截点,并以晶 格常数为单位测得相应的截距. 取截距的倒数,然后约简为 3 个没有公约数的整数, 即将其化简成最简单的整数比. 将此结果以 "(hkl)"表示,即为此平面的密勒指 数.
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Cleavage in text
Wafer cleavage typically occurs only in a few well-defined directions. 硅晶圆切割通常只发生在少数几个明确的方向..
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Language in use
Vocabulary
– substrate ,undergo , etch , procedure , optical , cleavage , prototype
– Structure
Reading/writing techniques
《电子技术专业英语教程》
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Substrate
in text
The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices built in and over the wafer and undergoes many micro fabrication process steps such as doping or ion implantation, etching, deposition of various materials, and photolithographic patterning. 晶片可以作为基片,经过很多种微加工工艺步骤来完 成各种微电子器件的制造.这些工艺步骤包括掺杂, 离子注入,刻蚀,各种材料的淀积以及光刻.
An etched silicon wafer
《电子技术专业英语教程》
The silicon wafer
The silicon wafer shaping involves … About crystal orientation …
《电子技术专业英语教程》
The wafer size
1 inch. 2 inch (50.8 mm). Thickness 275 m. 3 inch (76.2 mm). Thickness 375 m. 4 inch (100 mm). Thickness 525 m. 5 inch (127 mm) or 125 mm (4.9 inch). Thickness 625 m. 5.9 inch (150 mm, usually referred to as "6 inch"). Thickness 675 m. 7.9 inch (200 mm, usually referred to as "8 inch"). Thickness 725 m. 11.8 inch (300 mm, usually referred to as "12 inch" or "Pizza size" wafer). Thickness 775 m. 18 inch (450 mm ). Thickness 925 m (expected).
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Undergo in dictionary
To pass through; experience: 经过;经历 To endure; suffer: 忍受;遭受:
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Undergo in text
The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices built in and over the wafer and undergoes many micro fabrication process steps 晶片可以作为基片,经过很多种微加工工艺步骤来完 成各种微电子器件的制造.
Vocabulary
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Substrate
in dictionary
(=substratum)底层,下层,[地]底土层,基础,本源,[生]培养基,[生化]酶 作用物,[摄](胶片)感光底层 The material or substance on which an enzyme acts. 被酶作用:酶在其上进行作用的物质 Biology A surface on which an organism grows or is attached. 【生物学】 基层:动植物生长或附着的表面 An underlying layer; a substratum. 底层,下层土
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Text tour
Outline
– Introduction (para.5) – The silicon wafer(para.6-8) – The wafer size(para.9-18)
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Introduction
What is the wafer? The processes of wafer Fabrication … The procedure of wafer Fabrication …
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Backgrounds
Terminology
– diamond cubic structure – crystal orientation – Miller index 金刚石立方结构 晶向 密勒指数
《电子技术专业英语教程》
diamond cubic structure
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Procedure in use
account closing procedure 结算手续 accounting procedure 会计程序, 会计手续, 衡算计量程序; 计量程 序 admission procedure 招生手续; 入学手续 alignment procedure 校直程序; 调整过程
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Optical
in dictionary
Of or relating to sight; visual: 视力的,与视力有关的,可见的; Of or relating to optics. 与光学有关的 Relating to or using visible light: 与可见光有关的,使用可见光的; Using light-sensitive devices. 使用微感应仪器的
《电子技术专业英语教程》
Cleavage in dictionary
The act of splitting or cleaving. 劈开:劈开或撕裂的动作 The state of being split or cleft; a fissure or division. 分裂,裂缝:劈开或裂开的状态;裂缝或分裂 Mineralogy The splitting or tendency to split of a crystallized substance along definite crystalline planes, yielding smooth surfaces. 【矿物学】 解理,裂纹:结晶物质沿一定结晶面产生 光滑面的分裂或分裂倾向 Embryology 【胚胎学】