改革开放常用语翻译

改革开放常用语保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款 Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。

to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快excessive growth 防范和化解金融风险 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程 Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构 Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。

Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."改革重点转移到城市the focus of reform is shifted to the cities改善经济环境improve economic environment搞活企业invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises各尽所能，按劳/需分配。

from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.跟踪审计 Follow-up auditing工程监理制度The monitoring system for projects公有制public ownership鼓励give incentive to管理不善poor management国际收支international balance of payments国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。

Thestate ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。

The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. 国有资产安全The safety of state-owned assets过度开垦Excess reclamation合同管理制度The contract system for governing projects合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise和平演变peaceful evolution宏观控制exercise macro-control机电产品Electromechanical products积极的财政政策Pro-active fiscal policy 基本生活费Basic allowances基石cornerstone计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system结售汇制度The system of exchange settlement and sales解除劳动关系Sever labor relations解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces金融监管责任制The responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全Economic security经济和法律的杠杆economic and legal leverages经济计划和市场调节相结合to combine economic planning with market regulation 经济结构改革。

reform in economic structure经营机制operative mechanism精华、精粹、实质quintessence举措move靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 To increase the deficit to spend more on development扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted (excluded)扩大国内需求The expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长 Fuel economic growth厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste粮食仓库Grain depot粮食收储企业Grain Collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行Closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场Grain sales market劣质工程 Shoddy engineering林业forestry零售retail流通制度circulation system乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines农业farming骗汇、逃汇、套汇 Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage取消国家对农产品的统购统销to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase andmarketing of agricultural products全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people全体会议plenary session人均国民生产总值per capita GNP人均收入per capita income融资渠道Financing channels善于接受的receptive商品经济commodity economy商业信贷原则The principles for commercial credit社会保险机构Social security institution社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。

The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。

The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. 生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence 剩余劳动力。