英语句子成分及基本句型1
英语句子成分及五种基本句型
句子的成分1句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。
表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。
其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分：1 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～）The classroom is very clean. （讲述“什么”很干净）Three were absent.（数词作主语）To teach you English is my job. （不定式作主语）注意不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型，因此左例可变为It is my job to teach you English.（真正的主语是to teach them English.）因为这样做可以避免头重脚轻，通常把重点放在后面。
2 谓语说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
His Parents are doctors. （系动词作谓语）She looks well.（系动词作谓语）We study hard.（实义动词作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和实义动词作谓语）3 表语表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。
如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
英语简单句(句子成分+5大基本句型+句子结构)
• 6.Many teachers live in another city. 主+谓
1. He likes eggs, but he doesn’t like chickens. 并列句 2. Work hard or you will fall behind. 并列句
4. ---__________ weather it is! We can’t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake.
---Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Science Museum instead. A. What a bad B. How bad C. What bad
选择疑问句中一般用or连接，回答时不能使用 yes或no，而要用一个完整的句子或省略形式。
① —Do you like apples or pears? ② —Which would you like better, tea or coffee?
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目录
尾页
直击中考考点
◆反意疑问句
1. 反意疑问句的常见用法 (1) 反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。
意为“某人也一样”， 是表示肯定的倒装。 Ou Baizi passed this English exam, so did I .
欧百子通过了这次英语考试，我也通过了。 2. 易混句式：so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。
意为“确实是……”。
—Ouyang Xue dances very well.欧阳雪舞跳得很好。
英语句子成分和五种基本句型
句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1)简单谓语： We study for the people.2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He hasgone to Beijing..3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型句子成分A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。
除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。
主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。
Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。
简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.He can speak English well.come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I needDirect Object）和间接宾语I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.a secretFHe is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known Betty’s sister?There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my wayG可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.讲出划线部分的句子成分：1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable.2．I have a lot to say on this matter.3．Please give me some advice.4．She is quite all right now.5．A lonely person is always alone.6．A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.7．To travel abroad one must have a passport.8．He has brought back a book reporting on animal life.9. The setting sun shone on her face, lighting it up with a rosy glow.10. Isn’t it wonderful that the Chinese Team won?1.2 基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)(1)第一基本句型 SV I teach.(2)第二基本句型SVP I am a teacher.(3)第三基本句型SVO I teach English.(4)第四基本句型SVOO I teach you English.(5)第五基本句型SVOC I encourage you to learn English better.分析句子结构:1．What you said made me happy.2．Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?3．After he finished his homework, he went away.4. He likes pop music.5. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.6. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.7. I find painting or drawing very relaxing.8. It is the young girl who was singing songs on the stage when we entered the hall yesterday that will have taught all of us both English and French for three years by the end of this year.。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下：1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如：Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如：Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
如：He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如：He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下：1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如：Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如：Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
如：He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如：He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语句子成分及五种基本句型
1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner smells good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. Everything looks different.
一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
小结
谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作. 谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化, 随着时间的不同而变化, 随 着与主语的不同关系( 主动关系和被动关系)而变化, 总之,时时 在变.
谓语有三种不同的形式:
1) 动词
They planted many trees on the hill .
2) 情态动词 + 动词 You must stay at home .
形容词
The teacher was satisfied with your work.
They are at home now.
介词短语
My job is to teach English.
不定式
Seeing is believing.
动名词
基本句型2: 主+系+表
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点: 句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的 意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表 达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
七种句子基本成分:
I saw a tall boy take your
主谓
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
定宾 补
book just now.
状
五种基本句型:
1 主+谓 2 主+系+表 3 主+谓+宾 4 主+谓+间宾+直宾 5 主+谓+宾+宾补
高中英语-句子成分及五种基本句型-课件
句子包括哪些成分？
句子成分详解表
句子成分
意义
充当词类
例句
主语
谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语
表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事
说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 表示动作行为的对象 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语是什么,怎么样 用来修饰名词或代词
修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等
名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 动词或动词词组
同主语 同主语
形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 副词，介词短语或句 子
We study in HuangQiao Middle School.
She is dancing under the tree.
Both of us like English. Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. We have eight lessons every day.
1.She lived a happy life.(名词 ) 2.I love you.( 代词) 3.We need two.( 数词) 4.Do you mind my opening the door?(动名词) 5.He began to learn English a year ago.(不定式 ) 6.He did not know what to say.( 疑问词+不定式) 7.Did you write down what she said? ( 从句 ) 8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.
句子成分(2)
英语的句子成分及五大基本句型
基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ.（主＋系＋表） 这种句型结构主要指谓 语动词为连系动词的情况。 如： She is Peter's sister. 她是彼得的妹妹。 That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
基本句型三： Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾） 英语中绝大多数及物 动词只带一个宾语，这种动词叫单宾语及物动词。 如： Everyone likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 We study English and French. 我们学习英语和法语。
定语：定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用， 可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、 形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充 当。 例： His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。 Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。 The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。 The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。 Can you find out the answer to the question？ A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。 A man going to die is always kind-hearted. The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?
英语句子成分大全
英语句子成分大全英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
下面是小编为你整理的有关英语句子成分大全，欢迎阅读!英语五种基本句型列式如下：一： S V (主+谓)二： S V P (主+系+表)三： S V O (主+谓+宾)四： S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)五： S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一：S V (主+谓)主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S │ V (不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢?6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型二： S V P (主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。
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•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
•I heard my name called.
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三、同位语：
同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位 置时，一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子 成分，这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学 生’） Li Lei, my brother, came to see me today. (my brother是Li Lei的同位语）
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(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 -- The old man was feeling very tired. -- The leaves have turned yellow. -- He is a teacher while his little brother is still a junior middle school student.
•A sleeping boy is sleeping.
• They made paper flowers.
• The boy in the room is Jack.
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状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词， 介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当， 也可由从句来充当．
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谓语：
• 谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态 或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词 短语构成．
They are teachers.
She looks well.
He studies hard.
He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.
He did it carefully.
He studied very hard.
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
He is writing with a pen.
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
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句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种， 即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语 （subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾 语（object）、定语（attribute）、状 语(adverbial) 、表语（predicative）、 补语（complement）、同位语。
I think 2020/4/27 that he is good boy.
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定语
• 定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数 词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词， 从句都可以充当定语．
• The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name?
• I have 5 books.
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(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. A beautiful girl is running to us. 5. The boy in the clssroom is crying.
Seeing is believing.
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宾语补足语
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意 思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．
• 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当． • If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
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表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
I am a teacher.
She feels happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
He went mad.
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• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句 中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词， 不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位 置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty.
Reading is useful.
To see is to believe.
They are good friends.
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一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
句子成分
和
基本句型
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什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
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宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
She likes to