2015中考英语人教版复习备考阅读组合专练_科普说明(二)
2015年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题16-科普类说明文.doc
专题十六阅读理解之科普类说明文1.【2015·湖北卷】DThe oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Spac e Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks your’re falling . Mean while your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Deciding on a proper sleep positionB. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC. Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD. Finding a right time to go to sleep.64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.A. the y circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedaling65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.A. their senses stop workingB. they have to stand up straightC. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD. whether they are able to go back to the station66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.A. how much exercise they do on the stationB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover after returning homeD. whether they are able to go back to the station【解析】试题分析：这是一篇说明文。
2015中考英语人教版复习备考阅读组合专练_叙事生活(一)
叙事生活(一)Ⅰ.完形填空。
Once there was a boy named Shankar.He made a living by selling __1__.One day，when he was collecting wood in the forest，he saw an old man who was very hungry.Shankar wanted to give him some __2__，but he didn't have any.After some time，he saw a giraffe who was very __3__.He wanted to give him some water，but he didn't have any water，either.So he had to __4__ on his way.Then he saw a man who wanted to build a house，__5__ he did not have any wood.Shankar gave some of his wood to him.In return，the man __6__ him some food andwater.Quickly Shankar went back and helped the old man and the giraffe.Both the old man and the giraffe __7__ him a lot.Then，Shankar went on his way happily.However，soon Shankar fell down a hill.He was badly hurt and couldn't move.__8__，the oldman and the giraffe who he had helped saw him.The old man pulled him __9__ the hill and the giraffe brought him some herbs.After some time Shankar got well and __10__ walk again.All were very happy that they could help each other.1．A.flowers B．w oodC．newspaper D．herbs2．A.food B．money C．water D．advice3．A.angry B．hungry C．thirsty D．funny4．A.continue B．stop C．rest D．stand5．A.unless B．or C．so D．but6．A.sold B．lent C．made D．ga v e7．A.thanked B．needed C．helped D．asked8．A.Especially B．LuckilyC．Probably D．Mainly9．A.in B．out C．up D．down10．A.was afraid to B．was willing toC．was supposed to D．w as able toⅡ.阅读理解。
人教版中考英语总复习课件：第二部分15.话题十五科普知识与现代技术、通信
6.无线电，收音机_r_a_d_io__ 7.录音机_r_e_c_o_rd_ er 8.磁带，录音带_t_a_p_e__ 9.互联网，因特网_I_n_te_r_n_et 10.(互联网)网站_w__e_b_s_ite
11.发明，创造_in__v_e_n_tion 12.科学_s_c_i_e_n_ce 13.技术_t_e_c_h_n_ology 14.机器人_r_o_b_o_t_ 15.实验_e_x_p_e_r_iment
3.随着经济的发展，电脑和手机广泛地用于人 们的生活中。 _W_i_th__th__e_e_c_o_n_o_m__ic_a_l_d__e_v_e_lo_p_m__e_n_t_, _____ _c_o_m_p_u_t_e_r_s_a_n_d__m_o__b_il_e_p_h_o_n__e_s_a_r_e______ _w_id__e_ly_u__s_e_d_i_n_p_e_o_p__le_’_s_l_if_e_. __
目录 contents
话题综合练习
一、完形填空
Cell phones help us easily find people anywhere at any time.A cell phone can 1 many things， such as games， music and Internet access.However， cell phones may 2 cancer.People who used a cell phone for 10 years or more had more than two times of 3 to get brain cancer， according to CNN.These 4 below may help you reduce the risk of cancer.
2015年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题16-科普类说明文(含答案解析)
专题十六阅读理解之科普类说明文1.【2015·湖北卷】DThe oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks your’re falling . Mea nwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to makea round-trip to Mars.63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Deciding on a proper sleep positionB. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC. Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD. Finding a right time to go to sleep.64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.A. the y circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedaling65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.A. their senses stop workingB. they have to stand up straightC. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD. whether they are able to go back to the station66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.A. how much exercise they do on the stationB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover after returning homeD. whether they are able to go back to the station【解析】试题分析：这是一篇说明文。
中考英语 科普说明篇 滚动组合训练(二)
滚动组合训练（二）(时间：30分钟)Ⅰ.短文填词。
从方框内选择正确的单词用其正确的形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。
popular your natural choice cool idea sunshine color seem andIn summer,the temperature gets high.You need to choose some 1 clothes. What style is fashio nable? Which color is popular? Here are some good 2 for you.Bright 3 seem to be perfect for summer clothes.These colors can cheer 4 up especially when you are bored of the heat.Pink makes girls look lovely 5 sweet. Green is the color of 6 .When people see it,they are in a peaceful mood.Army green is very 7 too.It is many young people’s favorite color.Many girls love summer because there are many summer dresses for them to 8 .If they like to buy something interesting,there are lots of dresses with floral designs.Casual shorts with T-shirts 9 to be a good choice for boys.A pair of sunglasses can protect your eyes from the strong 10 when you are outside.Have fun in summer with the right kind of clothes.You might also bring a new wave of fashion for the people around you this hot se ason.1.___ _____2.__________3._____ __4.___________5.__________6.__________7.__ ____8.___________9.___________10.___________Ⅱ.阅读理解。
【解析版】【中考全景透视】2015中考英语人教版一轮复习导学案+第二十讲+九年级Units+13～14
第二十讲九年级Units 13～14重点词汇1.litter (v.) 乱扔2．bottom (n.) 底部3．coal (n.) 煤4．ugly (adj.) 丑陋的5．plastic (adj.) 塑料的6．method (n.) 方法7．cruel (adj.) 残酷的8．industry (n.) 工业9．afford (v.) 买得起10.recycle (v.) 回收利用11．president (n.) 总统12．metal (n.) 金属13．standard (n.) 标准14．instruction (n.) 命令15．senior (adj.) 高的16．level (n.) 水平17．thirsty (adj.) 口渴的18．wing (n.) 翅膀词汇拓展1.fisherman→(复数)fishermen2．wood→(形容词)wooden3．harm→(形容词)harmful4.manage→(名词)manager5．gentleman→(复数)gentlemen6．care→体贴人的caring重点短语1.起作用make a difference2．参加play a part in3．关掉turn off4．付费pay for5．扔掉throw away6．拆下pull,down7．倒转upside down8．恢复bring back9.弄得一团糟make a mess10．沉住气keep one's cool11．信任believe in12．首先first of all13．渴望be thirsty for14．在,,前面ahead of15．对,,有责任beresponsible for16．分离separate from重点句型1.Even the bottom of the riverwas full of rubbish.甚至河底也充满垃圾。
2．Everyone in this townshould play a part incleaning itup!小城的每一个人都应该参与清洁工作！3．So together，our action canmake a difference and lead to abetter future！因此，我们齐心协力就能改善环境，创造美好未来！4.The top of the house is an oldboat turned upside down．房子的顶部是一条颠倒过来的旧木船。
【解析版】【中考全景透视】2015中考英语人教版一轮复习导学案+第二讲+七年级(上)Units+6～9
第二讲七年级(上)Units 6～9重点词汇1.tomato(n.)西红柿2．bread(n.)面包3．vegetable(n.)蔬菜4．dinner(n.)(中午或晚上吃的)正餐5．chicken(n.)鸡肉6．habit(n.)习惯7．question(n.)问题8．want(v.)想要；需要9．sweater(n.)毛衣10．small(adj.)小的；小号的11.sell(v.)出售；销售；卖12．twentieth(num.)第二十13．August(n.)八月14．fifth(num.)第五15．festival(n.)节日16．music(n.)音乐17．subject(n.)科目18．geography(n.)地理19．Wednesday(n.)星期三20．finish(v.)完成词汇拓展1.fat→(比较级)fatter→(最高级)fattest2．health→(形容词)healthy→(副词)healthily3．sell→(名词)sale4．art→(名词，艺术家)artist5.happy→(反义词)unhappy→(名词)happiness6．music→(形容词)musical→音乐家musician7．use→(形容词)useful8．five→第五fifth→十五fifteen→五十fifty重点短语1.思考；考虑think about2．饮食习惯eating habits3．,,多少钱how much4．一双黑色的鞋子 a pair ofblack shoes5.以很低的价格at very goodprices6．举办一次英语聚会have anEnglish party7．玩得愉快have a good time8．玩游戏play games重点句型1.—Do youlike salad?你喜欢沙拉吗？—Yes，I do/No，I don't.是的，我喜欢。
2015年高考英语真题分项解析：专题16+科普类说明文
专题十六阅读理解之科普类说明文1.【2015·湖北卷】DThe oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Spac e Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks your’re falling . Mean while your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Deciding on a proper sleep positionB. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC. Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD. Finding a right time to go to sleep.64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.A. the y circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedaling65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.A. their senses stop workingB. they have to stand up straightC. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD. whether they are able to go back to the station66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.A. how much exercise they do on the stationB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover after returning homeD. whether they are able to go back to the station【解析】试题分析：这是一篇说明文。
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科普说明(二)Ⅰ.完形填空。
Apple's iPhones may be the most popular mobile phones in the world now.Not only do adultslike to use them，__1__ little children also like them.Natasha Sykes is a mother of two children in America.When her daughter，Kelsey，was only two years old，she became __2__ in her father's iPhone.“She pressed the button(按钮) and the phone lit up.It seemed to be __3__ for her，”saidNatasha.“Then she got serious about the phone.She always __4__ for it.It seemed that she also wanted an iPhone.”Apple's iPhones are easy to use.So it is not __5__ for little children to use them.Many applications(应用程序) on iPhones are designed for children __6__ are too young to go toschool.For example，children can learn more about the animals in the world __7__ watching the videos on the phones.However，many parents __8__ about this.They don't know whether they should buy theirchildren iPhones.There are two main __9__.One is that they are afraid that children may __10__ the phones.The other reason is that they are not sure whether iPhones can really be used as educational tools.1．A.but B．and C．so D．though2．A.proud B．careful C．interested D．angry3．A.wrong B．amazingC．expensive D．delicious4．A.left B．paid C．cared D．cried5．A.difficult B．importantC．necessary D．comfortable6．A.what B．whose C．w ho D．which7．A.with B．at C．about D．by8．A.know B．w orry C．hear D．talk9．A.ways B．answers C．places D．reasons10．A.destroy B．need C．use D．repairⅡ.阅读理解。
A(2014，连云港)A new study finds that plants communicate with one another to warn of danger.We often consider plants as the furniture of the natural world.They don't move；they don't make sounds，they don't seem to act on anything.But as is often the case，plants talk to each other all the time.And the language is chemical.Over the years，scientists have reported that different types of plants，from trees to tomatoes，give out chemicals into the air to help neighboring plants.These chemical warnings can spread information about one plant's disease or infestation(虫害)，so other plants can protect themselves.But how plants receive and act on many of the information exactly is still mysterious.In this week's Science Magazine，researchers in Japan offered some explanations.They have found out one chemical message and traced it all the way from beginning to end.The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest(害虫)．To start out，theygrew plants in two separate plastic spaces connected by a tube(管子)．One plant was infested and placed upwind and the other was uninfested and placed downwind.The downwind plants were later exposed(暴露) to the pest.The results showed that plants near sick neighbors before were able to protect themselves better against the pest.They found one chemical appeared more often in the exposed plants.The chemical is called HexVic.The scientists discovered where HexVic came from，and put it over healthy plants.Thoseplants were then able to produce HexVic.Researchers made sure that uninfested plants could fight off bugs and diseases.How do they know when to protect themselves? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is not a simple story，and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes.It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us.In a word，we know that plants not only communicate，but also look out for one another.11．The underlined “traced” in the fourth paragraph probably means __B__ here.A．reported B．followedC．doubted D．developed12．For scientists，which are the right steps to watch tomato plants infested by a pest？__C__①Place the infested plant upwind.②Place the uninfested plant downwind.③Expose the downwind plants to the pest.④Grow plants in two separate plastic spaces connected by a tube.A．③①②④B．①④③②C．④①②③D．④②①③13．You can put the sentence “The researches also studied leaves from exposed plants andunexposed plants.” At the beginning of __D__.A．Paragraph 3 B．Paragraph 4C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 614．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage？__B__A．Communicating Plants and Terrible DiseasesB．Talking Plants and Friendly WarningsC．Protecting Plants and Clear InformationD．Growing Plants and Mysterious ChemicalsB(2014，德州)If you want to see a thing well，touching can help you to “see”it better.Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round.But by holding it in your hands，you can feel how smooth and cool that ball is.You can feel how heavy the glass ball is.When you learn all these about the ball，you really see it well.With your skin，you can feel better.For example，your fingers can tell the difference between two coins in your pocket.You can feel a little drop if water on the back of your hand，too.You caneven feel sounds against your skin.Have you ever wanted to know why some people like very loud music？They must like to feel the sounds of music.All children soon learn what“Don't touch！”means.They hear it often.Yet most of us keep on touching things as we grow up.In shops，we touch things that we might buy.To see somethingwell，we have to touch it.The bottoms of our feet can feel things，too.You know this when you walk on warm sand，cool grass or a hard floor.All feel different under your feet.Most museums are just for looking.But today some museums have some things to touch.Their signs say，“Do touch！”There you can feel everything on show.There are ways of learning to see well by feeling.One way is to close your eyes and try to feel everything that is touching your skin.Feel the shoes on your feet，the clothes on your body，the air on your skip.If you want to see better，reach out and touch it.Then you will really see!15．The underlined word“these”in the Paragraph 2 refers to(指代)__D__.A．a glass ball is roundB．a glass ball is smooth and coolC．a glass ball is smooth，cool and heavyD．a glass ball is round，smooth，cool and heavy16．From Paragraphs 4 and 5，we can know that__A__.A．we have to touch something in order to see it wellB．we never touch things that we might buy in shopsC．the bottons of our feet can't feel cool grassD．we can see“Do touch！”in all museums17．By touching things，you can__C__.A．have a strange feelingB．know how to reach out your handC．learn more about themD．tell what colors they really are18．Which of the following is NOT true？__C__A．Touching is helping us to see better.B．Our skin may help us enjoy music.C．People don't have to learn to feel.D．Most people touch things to see them well.19．__D__can be the best title of the passage.A．Feeling by SeeingB．To See or to FeelC．Ways of TouchingD．To See Better－TouchⅢ.任务型阅读。