第一讲 名词、冠词

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命题点二 不可数名词
[全析考法]
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单句改错
1 ． (2017·全 国 卷 Ⅱ )Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.i_n_f_o_r_m_a_t_io_n__s→__i_n_f_o_r_m_a_t_io_n
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4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _c_r_o_w_d__s _ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. 解析：根据空格前面的形容词 terrible 可知此处填名词， crowd 表示“人群”，是可数名词，前面没有限定词，所 以用名词的复数形式。
6．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place
for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _p_a_in_t_i_n_g_s (painting)． 解析：painting 意为“图片，图画”，是可数名词，由于前 有“so many”修饰，故使用其复数形式。
词的意思是“空气”，air 意为“空气”时为不可数名词。
故 airs 改为 air。
[谨记规则]
(一)常见的 24 个不可数名词
单词
词义
单词
fun
乐趣
homework
progress bread
进步 面包
equipment wealth
knoeather
music
解析：knowledge 意为“知识”，是不可数名词，没有复数
形式。
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3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier
and dirtier.
_a_i_r_s→ __a__ir__
解析：由后面的定语从句“we breathe in”可知，此处先行
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5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few _d_a_y_s__ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum — she never suspects. 解析：every few days 表示“每隔几天”，此处应该使用名 词的复数形式 days。
“鸡”的复数形式。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)After supper, we would play card games
of all sort in the sitting room.
_s_o_r_t→ __s_o_r_t_s__
解析：由前面的 all 修饰可数名词 sort 可知，应用 sort
的复数形式；all sorts 意为“各种各样的”。
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7．(2015·浙江高考)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass. _s_id_e_→__s_id__es_______ 解析：前面有 three 修饰，故 side 要用复数形式 sides。
6．(2015·四川高考)As I told you last time, I made three new
friend here.
_f_r_ie_n_d_→__f_r_i_en__d_s __
解析：名词 friend 为可数名词，其前有 three 修饰，需要
用复数形式，故把 friend 改成 friends。
2．(2018·6 月浙江高考)Making Chinese __d_is_h_e_s__ (dish) is 返回 seen as especially troublesome. 解析：此处 dish 是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复 数形式泛指中国菜。
3 ． (2017·全 国 卷 Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side _e_f_f_ec_t_s__ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 解析：根据空格前面的 some 以及空格后面列举的两个例 子“overweight and heart disease”可知，应用 effect 的复 数形式。
第一部分 掌握基础词法
第一讲 名词、冠词
Contents
(一)
名词
(二)
冠词
语篇综合检测
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一
名词
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考什 么 学什 么
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命题点一 可数名词的复数形式
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[全析考法]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made
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(三)合成名词复数的 2 类变化形式 1．若有中心词，则把中心词变成复数；若无中心词， 则把最后一个词变成复数。 passer-by→passers-by,sister-in-law→sisters-in-law, grown-up→grown-ups 2．“man/woman＋n.”变复数时，作定语的 man/woman 和中心词都要变复数，如：women engineers。
man→men, woman→women
外来名词
medium→media (媒体) phenomenon→phenomena (现象) analysis→analyses (分析)
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[特别注意] fish 表示“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词，表示 “条数”时，其复数形式与单数形式相同，但表示不同种类 的鱼时，其复数形式为 fishes。
belief→beliefs
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(二)可数名词复数的 3 种不规则变化形式
变化规则
例词
deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese, Swiss, 单复数同形
aircraft, spacecraft, species, fish
foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice， 变内部元音
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3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” m__i_st_a_k_e_→__m__is_t_a_k_e_s 解析：and 连接两个平行成分，前面的 textbooks 为复数， 故可数名词 mistake“错误”应改为 mistakes。
音乐
news
traffic word
交通 消息
meat luck
advice
建议
housework
information milk
信息 牛奶
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9．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. _第__一__个___h_o_u_r_→__h_o_u_r_s__ 解析：此处指一个半小时，所以用 hour 的复数形式。
8．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Since then — for all these year — we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. _y_e_a_r_→__y_e_a_r_s _____ 解析：year 为可数名词，其前面有 these 修饰，故应用其复 数形式 years。
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Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went there again, they
had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. _c_h_ic_k_e_n_→__c_h_i_c_k_e_n_s
解析：短语 dozens of 之后应该使用可数名词 chicken
解析：information 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden
our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. __k_n_o_w_l_e_d_g_e_s_→__k_n_o_w_l_e_d_g_e_