第一讲 名词和冠词
foot脚；英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice
criterion标准→criteria medium传播媒介→media
phenomenon现象→phenomena
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.year→years
一般在名词词尾直接加s。例如：
friend (朋友)→friendsnation (国家)→nations
interest (兴趣)→interests change (变化)→changes
member (成员)→members wing (翅膀)→wings
②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)The new pilot says it’s never too late to spread yourwings(wing) and try something new.
第1讲 名词和冠词
[特别说明]本讲主要涉及名词的单复数和所有格，有关名词的词性转换将在“第6讲 构词法”中具体讲解。
判定方法
应用体验
提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down severalinvitations(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
单复数同形的名词：例如：
sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means手段works工厂series系列
②(2017·石嘴山市模拟)Of the fifteenchildren(child) born to the family, only eight survived.
⑥(2017·成都市模拟)Thedependence(depend) on mobile devices is even having physical and mental effects.
⑦(2017·漳州市八校联考)Chances(chance) are that you will receive three different answers.
tomato番茄→tomatoeszoo动物园→zoos
注意：外来词piano与缩略词photo直接加s。
⑨(2017·四川省龙泉市模拟)They may let you surf the Internet, listen to music and takephotos(photo) wherever you are.
shelf架子→shelvesknife刀子→knives
leaf叶子→leaves housewife家庭主妇→housewives
⑧(2017·江西省重点中学盟校联考)Tomatoes(tomato) and potatoes took some time to become popular.
词尾是以辅音字母＋o结尾，直接加es；以元音字母加o结尾，直接加s。例如：
⑦(2017·宝鸡中学模拟)Young people make their parents angry with their choose in clothes.choose→choices
名词与形容词、名词与动词的错用
1.该用名词却误用形容词：作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词，形容词一般是对主语的描述。
②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)This could beMary’s(Mary) motto — the expression that best captures her spirit.
当确定所填词是可数名词时，需要考虑其单复数问题。除了根据上下文语境之外，还可以通过以下信息判断。
1.不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式。
③(2017·河南省天一大联考)I learned that spies usually hid important letters in an umbrella, in a shoe, or even in a pair of ordinaryglasses(glass)．
④(2017·银川一中二模)But without sunlight and good soil, soon the leaves began to fall down and thebranches(branch) began to dry.
名词数与格的错用
1.可数名词单复数的错用：一般考查错把复数用作单数，偶尔也考查错把单数用作复数。
2.不可数名词单复数的错用：不可数名词没有复数形式。
3.可数名词与不可数名词混淆：有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，应注意具体语境。
4.误把名词的所有格用作普通格：表示“……的”应用所有格形式。
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the rmations→information
词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为ies；词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。例如：
enemy敌人→enemieshobby业余爱好→hobbies
difficulty困难→difficulties toy玩具→toys
key钥匙→keys
⑥(2017·唐山市一模)The 220 pound Qizai has become a superstar, and manytoys(toy) in his color have been made.
⑦(2017·石家庄市一模)On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tealeaves(leaf) won’t open up and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor.
词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。例如：
③(2017·湖北省七市联考)Unfolded before me wasaunique image of this water country — the stone bridge and the water flowing, all like fairy tales to me.
不定冠词有两种形式：
(1)当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素(注意：不是辅音字母)时用a；
(2)当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)时用an。
④(2017·浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return wasawonder.
不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。
(一)名词复数的规则变化
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of smallcarrots(carrot) and was about to throw them away.
②(2017·吉林大学附中模拟)The day that you enjoy allthesatisfaction of having all thehousework done by a robot might still be a few decades off.
(一)不定冠词a/an的常考点
自主练悟
2.该用名词却误用动词：在冠词、所有格或介词后一后有名词(短语)而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16 year old Sarah is not spending half term resting.Instead, she is earning￡6,500 aday asamodel in New York.
③(2017·潍坊市复习过关)In the US, for example, more than 14% ofwomen(woman) between 18 and 34 plan to have just one child.
自身有特殊变化的名词：例如：
child孩子→childrenman男人→men
⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.honest→honesty
⑥(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.grow→growth
④(2017·山师大附中模拟)She had severalillnesses(illness) when she was very young, including pneumonia and headache.
⑤(2017·绵阳市模拟)It is one of the world’s most visitedcities(city) in terms of international arrivals and has the world’s largest city airport system.
(二)名词复数的不规则变化
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·长沙市联考)Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because gift giving offers a powerfulmeans(means) to build stronger bonds with one’s closest persons.
第一讲 英语词性大串讲
第一讲英语词性大串讲英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art.)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh, well, hi, hello.一．名词I.名词的种类：以练促记：1. ( 2012天津,32) —Why didn’t Sally play the violin at the concert last night?—She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a(n)_________. I saw her play tennis just now.A. matterB. excuseC. resultD. expression2. (2012重庆,24) —Bill ,what’s your sister’s favorite__________? —She likes volleyball best.A. foodB. colorC. sportD. movie3. ( 2012黑龙江哈尔滨,21 ) Dear friends ,please read every sentence carefully. Details decide __________ or not. If you take it serious-ly, you’ll achieve your goal！A. successB. successfulC. succeed4. ( 2012辽宁沈阳,8 ) The__________in that restaurant looks delicious ,but it tastes bad.A. cookB. tableC. foodD. tool5. (2012江苏南京,3 ) —Could you tell me how to remember new words quickly?—Yes, I think a__________ tree can help you a lot.A. grammarB. equationC. punctuationD. vocabulary6. ( 2012四川成都,33) —Where did you go yesterday, Rick?—I went to see a__________ because I had a cold.A. teacherB. doctorC. reporter7. ( 2012湖北武汉,33)lf by any chance Peter comes to us, please ask him to leave a__________.A. letterB. sentenceC. messageD. notice8. ( 2012浙江温州,5) —Where does your uncle work, Jack?—In a__________ in Paris. He is a policeman.A. TV stationB. bookstoreC. post officeD. police station9. ( 2012江西,27) If you go to visit London, don’t forget your __________ because it rains a lot.A.passportB.moneyC.mapD.umbrella10. ( 2012湖北襄阳,26) —What does your father do ,Lily?—He is __________ . His job is to make sure that drivers obey the traffic rules.A. an actorB. a policemanC. a waiterD. a reporterII. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es。
高考英语_2019语法考点通关讲义：名词和冠词
第1讲名词和冠词(一) 名词[析考点·规律探密]真题体验透视命题规律课提示：对应学生用书第8页语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。
短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转换等。
解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词。
【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm a scientist(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.3．(2016·四川卷)Any smell might attract natural enemies_ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.5．(2018·桂林市联考)To them，life is a _competition (compete)—they have to do better than their peers to be happy.6．(2018·济南期末检测)Julie is one of the women(woman) who always keep up with the latest fashions.7．(2018·漳州市八校联考) Chances (chance) are that you will receive three different answers.8．(2018·昆明第一中学适应性训练)Engelbart, the inventor of the computer mouse, developed the mouse in the 1960s as a useful tool to assist the computer, obtaining a patent for it long before the mouse's(mouse) widespread use.[规律总结]1．提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。
高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词
高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词1.冠词和名词一、不定冠词a(an)的主要用法A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。
表示one 概念。
eg. ①a girl 一位女孩 ②an English bookB. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个。
eg. ① His father is a doctor. ② I work in a middle school in Beijing.C. 不定冠词用于表示时间、速度或价格等意义的名词之前，表示单位，译为“每一”。
eg.① The rent is $100 a week.D. 指某人或某物，意为a certain ，常用在第一次提到某人或某物时。
eg. ① A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。
E. 用于抽象名词前，表示抽象名词具体化。
(success,difficulty, failure,help, beauty, comfort,danger, pride, honor, pleasure,pity)eg. ① What a pleasant surprise you brought us. F. 表示“一次”、“一场”、“一段”等“一……”的概念，常与动词连用构成短语，名词前常有形容词修饰。
eg. ① have a good time ，have a wonderful supper ，have a good knowledge/understanding of ；have a population of ，have an income of ，cover an area of ，reach a height of 。
② have a good time ，have a wonderful supper ，have a good knowledge/understanding of ；have a population of ，have an income of ，cover an area of ，reach a height of 。
中考英语语法复习名词代词数词冠词和介词
第一讲名词一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词。
二、名词的分类（一）专有名词和普通名词名词根据其意义分为普通名词和专有名词1、专有名词是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。
如：Peter, Snow White, Sunday, April,Christmas Day, China, Changsha, the Great Wall, the WTO, West Street...2、凡不属于特定的人或事物的名称的词，叫普通名词。
如：desk, book , people, air, interest,idea...（二）可数名词和不可数名词名词根据是否能够用数字来计算，可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词复数的变化规则a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches；c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families, city-cities ；d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：wife- wives, knife-knives,wolf -wolves, leaf-leaves ；e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）__________+es 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) ___________+s 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, goose-geese单复数同形:fish-fish deer -deer sheep -sheep people(人们）-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese（中日不变英法变，其余后面加s)Englishman-____________________, Frenchman-_________________Russian=_____________________ American-__________________2、复合名词变复数boy student-boy students man doctor-men doctors3、不可数名词◆不可数名词没有复数形式，如：tea,,meat.◆不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词（a/an）直接修饰，若要表示数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。
中考英语专题复习总结——冠词与名词
专题一冠词和名词知识清单常考点清单一冠词一、冠词在句中的位置及分类冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。
冠词有两种：a和an为不定冠词，the为定冠词。
二、冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。
特指是指上文已提到的人或物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。
冠词的特指和泛指用法可归纳为下表：单一，每一，任一事物a(n)上文提到过的人或事物可数名词前一定要用冠词被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物特指说话双方所默认的人或事物世上独一无二的事物the指类别the特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物复数可数名词说话双方所默认的人或事物不可数名词前泛指人或事物零冠词指类别三、不定冠词的用法1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物。
This is a book. 这是一本书。
2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别其他种类。
A plane is a machine that can fly. 翻译：___3. 泛指某人或某物。
A girl is waiting for you. 翻译：___4. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。
80 kilometers an hour,_______________ five lessons a week _______________ twice a month____5. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。
There’ll be a strong wind in South China. 翻译：___6. 用于某些固定词组中。
a few/ little / bit (一点儿), have a swim / walk / talk / look / drink / rest = swim/ walk / talk / look / rest,have a cold (感冒), have a good time (玩得高兴), in a hurry (匆忙), for a while (一会儿), keep a diary (写日记), do sb a favor (帮助某人)7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前。
2020新课标高考艺考英语复习教师用书：第一板块专题二第一讲 名词和冠词 Word版含解析
姓名，年级：时间：第一讲名词和冠词语法项目(一)名词语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格,以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。
短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等.解答有关名词的题目时,一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等,来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词;有的还要结合语境分析句子成分,来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。
如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词[思考趋向］1．填名词的单复数若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。
2．填名词的所有格提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的",则一般考查名词的所有格。
3．派生为名词［典例感悟］[典例1］(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ （invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析：invitations invitation“邀请”是可数名词，其前有several修饰,应用复数形式。
［典例2]（2019·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be ________ （Mary)motto——the expression that best captures her spirit.解析：Mary's 此题考查名词的所有格，根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。
[典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Of course you have to work at it。
You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary。
外研版(三年级起点)英语小升初总复习课件第一讲：名词和冠词
外研版新标准英语
名词的分类
名词的用法
冠词的分类
冠词的用法
CONTENTS
01名词的分类
person
places
things or animals
mother fatherfriend studentdoctor firefighterboy baby ...
This is mຫໍສະໝຸດ school.It's near the park.
I'm from London, the UK.
It's a big city.
New York Beijingthe UK Chinacinema stationsupermarketlake
What's your favourite subject?
school parkhome bedroomcity townLondon America ...
T-shirt dresscrayon pencilchicken snakepear orangetaxi plane ...
photo——photosbus——-busesfamily——familiesman——menchild——children
a lesson
a map
a nurse
a queen
a radio
a sheep
a table
a village
a wall
a panda
a house
a year
a zoo
点击添加文本
in the northin the southin the eastin the west
高考英语_名词和冠词
2.不可数名词常用(a) little,much,a great deal of等修饰,可数名词常用(a) few, many,a number of等修饰。a lot of,lots of,plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数 名词。 3.抽象名词具体化 具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽 象名词可作为可数名词。 difficulty困难;a difficulty一件难事 failure失败;a failure一个失败者;一件失败的事 success成功;a success一位成功者;一件成功的事 surprise惊奇;a surprise一件令人吃惊的事 honour荣誉; an honour一位带来荣誉的人,一件带来荣誉的事 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
appear→appearance出现/外表 perform→performance履行
resist→resistance抵制
guide→guidance指导
enter→entrance进入
insure→insurance保险
assist→assistance帮助
endure→endurance/tolerate—tolerance忍受
④有些名词的单数形式和复数形式表示不同的意思。如:arm手臂/arms武器; cloth布/clothes衣服;content内容/contents目录;custom风俗;习惯/ customs海关;force力量/forces武装部队;good好事、好处/goods货物; green绿色/greens蔬菜;interest兴趣/interests利益、爱好;look看/ looks外貌;manner态度、方式/manners礼貌;pain痛苦/pains辛苦;paper 纸/papers论文、报纸、文件;people人们/peoples民族;sand沙/sands沙滩; time时间/times次数、时代;thing东西、事情/things形势;word单词,消息/ words话语;work工作/works工厂、著作;wood木头/woods树林。
No.1 名词和冠词
名词名词是表示人、事物、地点、或抽象概念的名称的词。
专有名词Mary Beijing可数个体名词book pen man普通名词集体名词family police不可数物质名词water sand抽象名词happiness sadness1.可数名词：可以用数目来计算的名词叫可数名词。
可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式（少数名词两种形式是相同的）。
（1）规则名词的复数形式：一般在名词后加-（e）s;（2）不规则名词的复数形式，常用改变元音或词尾加-en等方法构成，如：man—men woman—women foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese mouse—mice child—children ox—oxen phenomenon—phenomena basis—bases（3）合成名词的复数形式，1.合成名词的复数形式通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数，如：looker s-on son s-in-law grand-child ren2.如果没有主体名词，就在最后一个词上加复数词尾，如：go-between s grown-up s3.由man或woman构成的合成名词，里面所含的名词全部变成复数，如：men-doctors women-teachers（4）有些名词单复数形式相同，如：means方法，series系列，fish鱼，sheep羊，deer鹿，Chinese 中国人，以及其他以ese结尾的表示某国人的词等。
（5）有些名词通常只有复数形式，如：scissors clothes trousers shorts（6）有些名词的复数有两个意思，一个与单数的意思相似，另一个则与单数的意思不同，如：arm手臂——arms 手臂，武器colour 颜色——colours 颜色，旗帜（7）一些名词是单数形式，却用作复数，如：Several hundred police were on duty.2.不可数名词：一般不可以以用数目来计算的名词叫不可数名词。
通悟语法系列1：冠词和名词(PPT)(讲练结合)
“一种(份, 阵……)”(物 质名词)
What a heavy rain!
(1)不定冠词有a和an两种形式, 常位于名词或名词的修 饰语前。当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音 音素时, 用a; 而当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素 为元音音素时, 用an。注意: 判断用a还是an的依据是 紧跟不定冠词的词的第一个音素是不是元音音素, 而 不是该词的第一个字母是不是元音字母。例如:
【考点精讲】 冠词包括不定冠词a/an和定冠词the, 不用冠词的情况 也可称为零冠词。考查冠词的基本用法主要就是考查 冠词的泛指和特指, 在语法填空和短文改错中都会有 所涉及。在语法填空中对冠词进行考查时, 不给出提 示词。
1. 不定冠词(a/an)的用法(八个“一”)
“一”(=one)
I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day.
(4)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前表示特指。 The young man is the student who I taught 10 years ago. (5)表示世界独一无二的事物, 如the moon, the sun, the earth, the universe, the world, the sky等。 *No one knows when the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.
“任一”(=any)
A dictionary is enough.
“某一”(=a certain)
A Mr Smith is waiting to see you.
“一个、一场、一次、 As a manager, he is a success