2020职称英语新增文章：理工类B级
职称英语理工类B级阅读理解真题及答案(第三篇)
职称英语理工类B级阅读理解真题及答案(第三篇)第4部分：阅读理解（第31——45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个选项。
第三篇Can You Hear This?When something creates a sound wave in a room or anauditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They alsohear the reflections as the sound bounces off thewalls. floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant(反射)sound, which can be heard evenafter the sound is no longer coming from the source.The reverberation time of an auditorium isdetermined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is alsodetermined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents ofthe room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time,because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speechneeds to be understood clearly; therefore rooms used for talking must have ashort reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such ad Wagneroperas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light,rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewherebetween.Acoustic problems often are caused by poorauditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections.Parallel (平行的）wallsreflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitive pulsing rge pillars (柱）and comerscan cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object.Some of theseproblems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors tochange the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanging large reflectors,called clouds, over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflectand others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.41 This passage is mainly aboutA. Sound waves and their effects.B. the types of music orchestras play.C. walls of an auditorium.D.the design of an auditorium.答案：D42. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonieswith full-sound effect haveA. a short reverberation time.B. an intermediate reverberation time.C. no reverberation time.D. along reverberation time.答案：D43. This passage suggests that a goodauditorium shouldA. get rid of all reflections.B. not have absorbers.C.achieve a pleasing mixture of soundD. have smooth surfaces.答案：C44. Large pillars and corners mayA. make sound rich and full.B. be cures for sound problems.C.be sources of sound problems.D. function as effectively as clouds.答案：C45. The word” acoustic” in thelast paragraph has something to do withA. performanceB.soundC. audienceD. weather答案：B。
2020年职称英语《理工类》文章赏析5
2020年职称英语《理工类》文章赏析5 Affectionate AndroidsComputers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn1.And it won't be long before we will see realistic cyber companions,complete withskin,dexterity,and intelligence.They will be programmed to tend to your every need.Will we ever want to marry robots?Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades.____1____Will humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines?It will,in fact,be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize：to give human attributes to other creatures—even objects.For example,researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months.____2____The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler.When it lay down because its batteries were flat，the kids even covered it with a blanket.In a few decades,when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real,will people want to formrelationships with them?What if the bots could hold a conversation?And be programmed to bethe perfect companions—soul mates,even?____3____ And like those toddlers inthe experiment,they will be very accepting of them.The next question,then,is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine.Even today there are people who form deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children.Few consider that unethical.____4____ For those who always seem to end upmarrying the wrong man or woman,a robotic Mr.or Ms.Right could be mighty tempting.As the father of artificial intelligence,Marvin Minsky,put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots：“If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding,why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people？”A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart,as independent or subservient,as an owner desired.And that's the big disadvantage.Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form equally deep human-humanrelationships.People will always seem imperfect incomparison.When you’re behaving badly,a goo d friend will tell you.____5____People in relationships have to learn to adapt toeach other：to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences.It makes us richer,stronger,and wiser.A robot companion will be perfect at the start.However,there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.词汇：affectionate adj.深情的dexterityn.灵巧，敏捷anthropomorphize v.赋于人性，人格化grumpy adj.脾气暴躁的cyber adj.计算机的tendv.照料bot n.机器人subservient adj.屈从的，奉承的注释：puters are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn：计算机技术已经充足成熟，能够支持人形机器人的诞生和普及，进入人形机器人的时代。
2020年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案
2020年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）1．There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.A．different B．wrong C．strange D．funny2．I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.A．at B．with C．about D．from3．She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.A．found by chance B．passed by C．took a notice of D．woke up4．The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A．general B．complex C．direct D．inflexible5．It seems incredible that he had been there a week already.A．unbelievable B．right C．obvious D．unclear6．She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A．worried B．sleepy C．anxious D．offensive7．Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A．send B．hear C．spread D．confirm8．As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.A．express B．influence C．divide D．voice9．These animals migrate south annually in search of food.A．explore B．travel C．inhabit D．prefer10．He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.A．taught B．kept C．changed D．attracted11．The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A．cautious B．naked C．blind D．private12．Make sure the table is securely anchored.A．repaired B．cleared C．booked D．fixed13．Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A．shut B．break C．set D．beat14．The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A．shorten B．start C．end D．resume15．He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.A．understand B．withhold C．exchange D．contact第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2024年职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案
3.When do you go to Beijing?
4.I have a sore throat.
5.I’m two years younger than you.
四、1B 2A 3C 4E 5D
五、C A B C C
六、A B A A C
职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案 2
( ) 8. How xxxxxare you ?
----- I’m 160 cm tall.
A. old B.tall C.heavy
( ) 9. My nosexxxxxx.
A. hurt B. hurts C. is hurting
( ) 10. xxxxxxis it ?
-----It’s Tuesday.
C. Swim and play basketball.
D. Play ping-pong and ride bikes.
3. Where do they fly kites ? ( )
A. Near the lake. B. In the park.
C. On the beach. D. Near the river.
听力答案：
一、C B B B C
二、B A B B C
三、× √ √ × ×
笔试部分答案：
一、 first shorter thinner teeth eye swimming has read bought does not
二、
A B C B B
C C B B A
B C B B A
三、 1.He likes listening to music.
二、选择：15分
职称英语考试理工类(B级)试题及答案
XX年职称英语考试理工类(B级)试题及答案xx年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷英语(理工类B级) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.I have been trying to quit smoking.A.give upB.pick upC.build upD.take up2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic4.This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic5.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.A.simplyB.almostC.totallyD.pletely6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.A.stemB.relyC.developD.grow7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.A.easyB.possibleC.likelyD.difficult8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in afew days.A.possibilityB.necessityC.abilityD.probability9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.A.beautifulB.stretchingC.spreadingD.rolling10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.A.loadsyersC.pyramidsD.piles11.The news will horrify everyone.A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite12.The article sketched the major events of the decade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented13.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior.A.bearB.receiveC.admitD.take14.Their style of playing football is utterly different.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised。
2020年职称英语理工类B级阅读理解精选(3)
2020年职称英语理工类B级阅读理解精选(3)Ocean Noise PollutionSome scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one. hundred-twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales (鲸鱼).A team of American and Canadian scientists discoveredthat louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died.The explosions had caused their ears to bleed (出血) and become infected (感染).Many researchers， whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels. They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.41 According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?A The sound of a car.B The sound of voices.C Man-made noise pollution.D The sound of steps.42 According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPTA sounds made by animals themselves.B ocean drilling.C underwater, earthquakes.D the breaking of ice fields.43 Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?A The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.B Different places may have different types of noises.C The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.D Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.44 Which of the following is true of whales?A They won't be confused by noises.B They are deaf to noises.C Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.D Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.45 According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?A They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.B They will protect animals from harmful noises.C They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.D They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. B41. C Man-made noise pollution.第一段：Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.指出了认为的噪声污染引起了海洋生物的危险。
职称英语考题理工类(B级)真题和答案
职称英语考题理工类（B级）真题和答案第1 部分：词汇选项（第1-15 题，每题1 分，共15 分）下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.A. effortB. problemC. influenceD.concern2. She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines3.We need to extract the relevant financial data.A storeB saveC reviewD obtain4.We have to act within the existing legal framework.A limitB systemC procedureD status5.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A reducedB turnedC movedD reformed6. Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB thinkingC sayingD knowing7. Mr.Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.A.heldB.expectC offered.D increased8.His shoes were shined to perfection.A .clearedB polishedC washedD mended9. We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A.offered B includedC acceptedD investigated10.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB understandC attachD lose11.The view from my bedroom window was absolutelyspectacular.A generalB traditionalCmagnificent Dstrong12.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A reportedB admittedC hoped Danswered13.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp14. Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand15.The police believe the motive for the murder was money. （红色部分单词待定，不影响答案）A reason BchoiceC ideaD decision第2 部分：阅读判断（第16-22 题，每题1 分，共7 分）下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2020年职称英语理工类B级阅读判断专项测试及答案解析
2020年职称英语理工类B级阅读判断专项测试及答案解析第一篇Dining CustomEvery land has its own dining custom, and the UnitedStates is no exception. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. Ifa person is invitedto dinner at 6：30, the hostess expects him to be there at 6：30 or not more than a few minutes after. Because she usually does her own cooking, she times the meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time she asks the guest to come. If he is late, the food will not be so good, and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest can not come on time, he calls his host or hostess on the telephone,gives the reason, and tells at what time he thinks he can come.As guests continue to arrive, the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing until she found a chair. A man always rises when he is being introduced to a woman. A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman unless the woman is much older.When the guests sit down at a dinner table, it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them.Even an American may be confused by the number of knives, forks, and spoons besides his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner. The rule is simple, however： use them in theorder in which they lie, beginning from the outside, or watch the hostess and do what she does. The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad, which is often served with the soup. The spoon on butter spreader, on a small bread-and-butter plate at the left. As the bread is passed, each guest puts hispiece on the bread-and-butter plate.1. As a country of immigrants, the U.S. does not have its own dinning customs.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. The guest is expected to arrive on time because the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time he is required to come.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. A woman usually rises when she is being introduced to an aged gentleman.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. At a dinner table, it is customary for the men to arrange chairs for ladies.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. At formal American dinner, the knives, forks, and spoons besides the plate are placed in a certain order.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. The right order to use the knives, forks and spoons ata formal dinner is from the left to the right.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. At a formal dinner, bread is usually served together with salad and soup.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第二篇Computer Mouse。
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2020职称英语新增文章：理工类B级What Is a Dream? For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mindhas no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreamsare an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions. Before modem times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900 ), Freud wrote that dreams are an expressions of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud' s. Jung, however, had a different ideaabout dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream wasto communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On theother hand, people who dream about being heroes may learnthat they think too little of themselves. Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. Acriminal, for example, might dream about crime. Dornhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age.His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop. He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of menand women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. 3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11cultures around the world, including both modem andtraditional ones. Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this： Ifyou dream that something terrible is going to occur,you shouldn't panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not thereal world.词汇：psychologist n.心理学家 psychiatrist n.精神病学家(医生) Austrian adj.奥地利的 gender n.性别注释：1.SigmundFreud西格蒙德.费洛伊德(1856-1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
精神分析学派的创始人。
他认为被压抑的欲望绝绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因。
著有《性学三论》《梦的释义》《图腾与禁忌》《日常生活的心理病理学》《精神分析引论》《精神分析引论新编》等 2.Carl Jung：卡尔.荣格，瑞士精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人 3.Forexample.the people in men’s dreams are often other men，and the dreams often involve fighting.This is not true ofwomen’s dreams.例如，男人做梦会梦到男人，并且常与打斗相关;女人做梦与男人则不同。
练习： 1. Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 2. According to Freud,people dream about things that they cannot talk about. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 3. Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned4. In the past,people believed that dreams involved emotions.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned 5. According to Dornhoff,babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 6. Men and women dream about different things. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 7. Scientists agree that dreams predict the future. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 1.A这句话恰好表达了本文第一段的意思。
即有些心理学家认为，人脑睡眠中的活动没有特别意义;而有些人则认为，梦能够揭示人的思维和情感。
. 2.A第三段的最后一句讲的是弗洛伊德认为梦反映了人们在现实情况下害怕表达的情感、想法或恐惧。
此句与本叙述一致。
3.B第四段的第二句和第三句：Jung believed that the purpose ofa dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.(荣格认为梦的用途是向做梦者传递一个信息)He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.(他认为人们通过思考所做的梦能够更好地了解自己)。
他给出了两个例子来说明他的论点。
4.C文中没有提及。
5.A依据第六段，Domhoff 研究得出：婴儿不像成人做那么多的梦，做梦是一种需要时间提升的技能。
这就说明了婴儿不具备成人做梦的水平。
6.A本文第七段讲述了做梦与性别的关系。
第二句更指出男人和女人做的梦是不同的。
7.B最后一段的倒数第二句讲的是：梦可能会有意义，但并不表示一些恐怖事情就一定会发生。
因而不能预测未来。
译文：什么是梦? 很多世纪以来，人们都对他们梦到的奇异事情感到疑惑。
一些心理学家认为，这种大脑的夜间活动并没有特殊含义。