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高考英语专项复习《阅读理解议论文》高考真题汇总

高考英语专项复习《阅读理解议论文》高考真题汇总2023年高考真题Passage 1【2023年全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How past events should be presented.B. What humanity is concerned about.C. Whether facts speak louder than words.D. Why written language is reliable.13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A. His report was scientific.B. He represented the local people.C. He ruled over Botany Bay.D. His record was one-sided.14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Problem.B. History.C. Voice.D. Society.15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A. How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB. A Short History of AustraliaC. A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD. How Art Works Tell Stories2023年名校模拟题Passage 1（2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考二模）Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money.I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too.1．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos?A．It ignored marketing strategies.B．It priced itself relatively high.C．It lacked a particularly good taste.D．It focused on delight and pleasure. 2．What can be inferred about meaning seekers?A．They frequent high-end stores.B．They think products extend their lives. C．They hesitate to make decisions.D．They make more purchases with money. 3．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?A．By giving some examples.B．By listing numbers and data.C．By explaining reasons.D．By making some comparisons.4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?A．Innovation: a Product’s Life B．To Buy or not to BuyC．Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D．Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your WalletPassage 2（2023·山东淄博·统考三模）There is no universally accepted age that is considered old among or within societies. Often disagreements exist as to what age a society may consider old and what members in that society of that age and older may consider old. Moreover, biologists are not in agreement about the existence of an internal biological cause foraging.In general the social status of an age group is related to its effective influence in its society, which is associated with that group’s function in productivity. In agricultural societies the elderly have a status of respectability. Their life experiences and knowledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) societies where knowledge is orally transmitted. The range of activities in these societies allows the elderly to continue to be productive members of their communities.In industrialized nations, although in certain fields old age is still considered significant, particularly in the political field, older people are increasingly being forced into retirement before their productive years are over, causing problems in their psychological adaptations to old age. Retirement is not regarded unfavorably in all instances, but its economic limitations tend to further remove older people from the range of influence and raise problems in the extended use of leisure time and housing. As a consequence, financial preparation for retirement has become an increased concern for individuals and society.Familial relationships tend to be the focus of the elderly’s attention. However, the tendency for young people in industrialized countries to be highly mobile has forced older people to decide whether to move to keep up with their families or to remain in neighborhoods which also change, altering their familiar patterns of activity. Although most older people do live within an hour from their closest child, industrialized societies are faced with formulating programs to accommodate increasing numbers of older people who function independently of their families. Adult education programs are beginning to close the generation gap; however, as each successive generation reaches old age, bringing with it its particular tendencies and preferences, new problems arise requiring new social accommodations.5．What counts for the elderly in agricultural societies?A．Their status of respectability.B．Their value in productivity.C．Their rich knowledge in education.D．Their extraordinary ability to work. 6．What can we learn about the elderly’s retirement from Paragraph 3?A．It has faded the elderly worries.B．It means the end of productive ability.C．It is considered beneficial in all distances.D．It influences the elderly psychologically and financially.7．What does the underlined word “formulating” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Planning.B．Changing.C．Extending.D．Canceling.8．Where is this text probably taken from?A．A personal journal.B．A science research.C．A social issue review.D．A community brochure.Passage 3（2023·河南郑州·统考模拟预测）Some experts have been concerned lately about robots leaving humans behind, taking our jobs and possibly a lot more, as in sci-fi films. Christ of Koch, a famous neuroscientist (神经学家), has suggested a novel method. To keep up with the machines, we should increase our brainpower with brain implants (植人物).Koch notes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed or people unable to move control computers and robots, and they are being explored for the treatment of mental disorders. Future implants could help us download huge amounts of information instantly, he says, so we can learn “novel skills and facts without even trying”. “Another exciting aspect,” Koch says, “is combining two or more brains into a single conscious mind by direct neuron-to-neuron links.” Koch calls for a “crash program” in brain technologies to make us smarter.But Koch ignores the obvious facts that bad persons can hack (侵入) into our smartphones and laptops. What if hackers could attack our brains? They may be able to spy on, change or control the memories of people implanted with brain devices. What’s more, we are nowhere close to being able to strengthen the brain in the manner that Koch imagines. Scientists have been experimenting with neuro-technologies for mental illness for more than half a century, and they have little to show for it.Koch genuinely feared that science, far from addressing our problems, might exacerbate them. The use of robots in the workshop, for example, could cause mass unemployment. Do we just count the immediate job losses—without measuring any other potential positive effect on the economy? Despite losing some jobs to robots in the short term, the increase in productivity will help our overall economy grow faster, which, in turn, will create more, higher quality jobs than we had before.The future is not as scary as we think. Perhaps we’ve got serious problems on our hands, and we have a lot of work to do to settle them. Brain implants are not the answer.9．What leads to Koch’s optimism about future brain implants?A．The great advance in AI research.B．Their application in medical fields.C．The breakthrough in surgical techniques.D．Their easy adaptation to the human body.10．How does the author feel about Koch’s “crash program” in brain technologies?A．Disapproving.B．Unconcerned.C．Favorable.D．Excited. 11．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Avoid.B．Worsen.C．Reduce.D．Answer. 12．What’s the best title for the text?A．Are Brain Implants at Risk of Hacker Attack?B．Will Robots Take the Place of Humans in Future?C．Will Brain Implants Let the Disabled Live Normally?D．Do We Need Brain Implants to Keep Up with Robots?Passage 4（2023·山西·校联考模拟预测）What do you want from life? Perhaps you want to spend more time with your family, or get a more secure job, or improve your health. But why do you want those things? Chances are that your answer will come down to one thing: Happiness.Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. Modern conceptions of happiness are primarily practical, focusing on what we might call the techniques of happiness. The concern is not what happiness is, but instead on how to get it.But maximizing pleasure isn’t the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive. All the good things in life involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result.There are other factors as well. In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people.But even that cannot guarantee happiness. Aristotle recognised that our happiness is hostage （人质）to fortune. Events beyond any individual’s control—war, poverty, and global pandemics—will often make happiness impossible. Happiness is not a mental state that can be permanently won, but instead it’s a practice which we hone（磨练）, imperfectly, in circumstances only partly of our making.Recognizing this will not secure a good life, but it will avoid the illusory（虚幻的）hope of permanent contentment. No life worth living should meet the only standard. Instead, aim with Aristotle to embrace those faults and to flower in spite of them.13．Where can you find negative effects of focusing too much on “happiness”?A．In paragraph 2.B．In paragraph 3.C．In paragraph 4.D．In paragraph 5.14．How does the author prove that pain is an unavoidable result of being alive?A．By making comparisons.B．By analyzing causes.C．By giving examples.D．By telling stories.15．What is Aristotle’s view on happiness?A．Happiness is a stable emotional state.B．Good personal relationships lead to happiness.C．Taking part in social activities guarantees happiness.D．Happiness promotes independent thinking and reasoning.16．What is the text mainly about?A．Happiness is what humans pursue forever.B．Happiness lies in the process of pursuing it.C．Our pursuit of happiness may be imperfect.D．Depression and happiness are equally important.Passage 5（2022·广东佛山·统考模拟预测）One of the oldest metaphors (隐喻) for human interaction with technology is the relationship of master and slave. Aristotle imagined that technology could replace slavery if machine became automated. Marx and Engels saw things differently. “Masses of laborers are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine,” they wrote in the Communist Manifesto.Today, computers often play both roles. Nicholas Carr, in his new book The Glass Cage: Automation and Us, takes a stand on whether such technology imprisons or liberates its users. We are increasingly engaged, he argues, but the invisibility of our high-tech traps gives us the ‘image of freedom’. He describes doctors who rely so much on decision-assistance software that they overlook signals that are not obvious from patients.All of this has obvious implications for the use of technology in classrooms: When do technologies free students to think about more interesting and complex questions, and when do they destroy the very cognitive (认知) capacities that they are meant to improve? The effect of spell check and AutoCorrect software is an example. Psychologists have found the act of forming a word in your mind strengthens your capacity to remember it. When a computer automatically corrects a spelling mistake, we’re no longer forced to form the correct spelling in our minds.This might not seem very important. The process of word formation is not just supplementing spelling skills, it’s also destroying students. When students find themselves without automated spelling assistance, they don’t face the prospect of freezing to death, as the Inuits did when their GPS malfunctioned, but they’re more likely to make errors. This creates a vicious cycle: The more we use the technology, the more we need to use it in all circumstances. Suddenly, our position as masters of technology starts to seem more insecure.17．What did Marx and Engels think of the machine?A．It did the boring daily work for people.B．It failed to free people from being enslaved.C．It gave people more time to enjoy themselves.D．It was the result of the development of technology.18．Which of the following is Nicholas Carr most likely to agree with?A．Technology is a guarantee of freedom.B．Doctors should stay away from technology.C．Too much involvement with technology may be risky.D．Some decision-assistance software needs improving.19．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph4 refer to?A．Students being unable to spell words correctly.B．Spell check helping students remember more words.C．Students depending too much on spelling software.D．Spellcheck destroying students’ cognitive capacities.20．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Is technology making people stupid or not?B．Which areas are most affected by technology?C．Are people satisfied with the advancement of technology?D．Why shouldn’t technology be employed in the classroom?Passage 6（2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测）When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was specifically designed without any latest technology.“What’s so innovative about that?” a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. I Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. “Why couldn’t they both be innovative?” I asked.We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots, trying to figure out their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment.At best, this is a waste of resources. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology’s capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven benefits. Companies thatapplied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview (后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies.Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality.21．How does the author like about the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul? A．Unexceptional.B．Boring.C．Refreshing.D．Old-fashioned.22．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?A．Innovation is important for the growth of economy.B．The public has misread the meaning of innovation.C．The true meaning of innovation is to buy new things.D．Truly innovative ideas shouldn’t be simple and effective.23．What does the writer agree with about innovation?A．Wasting resources are a must for innovation.B．Magic devices encourage innovation.C．Innovation should be human-centered.D．The power of technology is undervalued.24．What is the writing purpose of the text?A．To convince people of the true meaning of innovation.B．To show that future lies in returning to the past.C．To introduce some best ideas about innovation.D．To stress the important role innovation plays in economy.Passage 7（2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测）A measure in the House’s $ 2 trillion economic bill would require states to cut greenhouse gas emissions (排放) promising rewards for transportation departments that post reductions and “consequences” for those that don’t.Peter A．DeFazio, chairman of the Transportation Committee, said the proposal is designed to push states to act. “We’re going to give them very large motivation to actually make those meaningful targets and deliver on those targets,” he said. According to the proposal, states that cut emissions could get a $ 1 billion pot of money and potentially receive other bonus funding fromthe federal government. The bill doesn’t spell out potential consequences for not reducing emissions, leaving the decision to national transportation officials. Experts say they could include barriers to accessing highly prized grant funds (拨款).Much of the attention on cutting emissions from the transport industry-the nation’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases-has focused on the adoption of electric vehicles by putting money in charging factories and supporting battery-powered cars. The new measure sides with environmental advocates who argue the nation can’t battle a changing climate without changing how Americans move around. Environmentalists say the nation’s changing to electric vehicles probably won’t happen quickly enough to limit temperature rises unless Americans can be convinced to drive less, and that would mean building new networks focused on walking, cycling and transit (运输).Opposition to the emission measure is deep-seated. The heads of five western state transportation departments wrote a letter to Capitol’s committee last month saying the proposal would harm rural areas because options such as heavy-traffic pricing are not well-suited to places which are populated in few people, and it doesn’t make sense to target those state agencies when there are multiple reasons that influence emissions, including fuel economy standards for cars and local decisions about where to build stores and homes.Kevin DeGood, a transportation researcher, said basic construction shape how people can get around. “It is funny that the state transportation departments suggest in the letter that they do not deeply influence greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation industry,” he said.25．How does the government provide motivation?A．By praising.B．By punishing.C．By financing.D．By restricting.26．What is an intended result of the bill?A．Greatly changed climate.B．More convenient stores.C．Stable fuel economy standards.D．Eco-friendly transport system.27．Why did some states mention heavy-traffic pricing?A．To oppose the emission measure.B．To introduce solutions to emission.C．To call for attention to rural areas.D．To list several reasons for emission. 28．What’s Kevin’s attitude towards the letter in paragraph 4?A．Supportive.B．Disapproving.C．Shocked.D．Confident.Passage 8（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考模拟预测）Thanks to in-depth reporting by The Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle withtheir body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain.While the information the journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress caused by Instagram.Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for refusing to give data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were inactive, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it is almost impossible to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus of experts noting the damage new media could cause young viewers.Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.29．What does the author think of the criticisms against Instagram?A．They address the mental pain caused by Instagram.B．They are not directed at the fundamental problem.C．They are only based on the data released by Facebook.D．They are effective in changing teens’ interest in addictive apps.30．Why is Netflix mentioned?A．To defend why Facebook is to blame.B．To show Netflix does more harm to teens.C．To suggest the critics’ remarks are not to the point.D．To compare the criticisms against it and Facebook.31．Why is the Instagram problem essentially a “people problem”?A．People have a tendency to feel insecure online.B．People are keen on making up their self-profile.C．It is human nature to get addicted to social media.D．Users decide on their experiences on social media.32．What is the passage mainly about?A．The fierce criticism faced by Facebook.B．The harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers.C．The alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide.D．The root of mental sufferings caused by Instagram.Passage 9（2023·广东韶关·统考二模）Many of us seem to have lives that follow a certain path. From kindergarten all the way to marriage, every stage of our lives seems to be preset. Although this works well for many people, according to British motivational philosopher Jay Shetty, there is no “right” schedule to live our lives by.A few months ago, a video of Shetty’s speech Before You Feel Pressure went viral on the Internet across the world. In the video, he sends an important message that we should think “outside of the path” and have the courage to follow our hearts. Shetty adds that, we don’t have to get stressed and put ourselves in a race with our peers or judge our lives based on others. Everything in life happens according to our time, our clocks.In his inspiring speech, Shetty points out that UK author J. K. Rowling got her famous Harry Potter series published at age 32, after being turned down by 12 publishers. Shetty also mentions that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Group until he was 35 and US actor Morgan Freeman didn’t get his big break until he was 52 years old.We shouldn’t let anyone rush us. As Albert Einstein once said, “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that’s counted truly counts. ”The key to staying on our own tracks is to be patient and embrace our own passions. In Australian nurse Bronnie Ware’s best-selling book, she recorded the regrets of her dying patients, and the top one on the list was, “I wish l had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the one others expected of me.” Indeed, we are all unique in our personalities and gifts, and there’s no perfect fit for all. We should listen to our inner voices and unlearn what the world has taught us.“It is important to allow people to go back to being self-aware of their own interests, needs and concerns”, Shetty told National Geographic. “It’s disconnecting from what ‘makes sense’ to what actually moves you and what makes sense internally.”33．What is many people’s life path like according to Paragraph 1?。

高考语文议论文阅读题及答案

高考语文议论文阅读题及答案高考议论文阅读1：国学的焦灼①中华民族的强国梦，已经断断续续做了一百六十多年。

到了国力日益强盛的今天，每个人都在迫切地期待着民族的复兴。

各种宣传广告上“传统文化与现代科技的完美结合”一类不学无术的说词，就是当今“民族复兴”一词被肤浅理解的注脚。

而一个渴望复兴的古老的民族面对现实和外来的焦灼心态，也日趋明显。

从1840年至今，我们每个人所能创造出的文化资源，必然受到西方外来文化以及1840年以后本土新思潮二者的影响。

按一些激进国学家的安排，纯然依照孔孟之道来认识社会、解决问题，已经不可能。

而一旦接受了外来与新生，又害怕失去本民族的特色，成为了没有文化主体性的精神殖民地。

一个有着过于灿烂光辉历史的民族，在面对现实的困窘时的确没有日本、韩国那样容易放得下。

现在特定语境当中的“国学”观念与理论，所折射出的就是这样一种焦灼。

②此故，在“国学热”当中，有种论调颇有代表性：“我们天天在要求现代化，现代化不就是西化吗?把整个的思想按西方的观点来大卸八块，中华文化不但没有复兴，反而越发地死得快……整个20世纪的中国知识分子，在不知不觉中受到了西洋的影响，没有能真正掌握中华文化的灵魂。

”③以上的观点说白了，就是将“从西方传入”当成了本质上的“西方”，与中华文化不可调和的“西方”，而忽视了一些社会基础性价值的普适性，也忽视了文化的包容性和交流。

世界上最大的、最有活力的水域不是娃哈哈公司的纯净水储存池，而是有污泥、有毒菌、有浊浪，时时刻刻被海洋生物代谢物污染着的大海。

一个文明得以保存和发展的动力不是一种精神洁癖，那种洁癖只能说明一个文明已经虚弱到了免疫机能低下的地步。

而在相当数目的国学家眼里，西方传来的文化与思想就只能起到破坏和摧毁中华文明的作用。

这其间折射出的对自我民族的不自信，也是颇值得玩味的。

④而事实证明，1840年以来，本土新创造的文化都已经不再是，也不可能是“纯粹”的中华传统，但其中却不乏优秀杰出的成果，以至于20世纪的二三十年代，无论是在文学成就还是思想成就上，都创造了令今人难以企及的高峰。

辽宁高考议论文阅读习题及答案

辽宁高考议论文阅读习题及答案①人类和世界的文明化，意味着不同文化之间更多是一种和平的交流而不是冲突的交流。

因此，在有关文化多样性的讨论中，不应把尊重和维护多样性当作讨论的结束，而应当视之为文化讨论的起点。

②一种文化首先应发现并张扬自己的优点和特殊价值。

一种文化只有在有了比较和鉴别，能够发现并辨识自己的美时，其存在才是有意义的。

③中国文化源远流长，但因此也养成了妄自尊大、坐井观天的文化观。

进入近代以来，中国在遭遇西方的挑战时一败再败，不得已而形成一种“文化失败”的观念，以至有“五四”新文化运动的自我揭发和自我批判。

有学者认为，只有通过“五四”新文化运动的揭发和批判，中国文化的“美”才真正呈现出来。

新文化运动对中国传统文化的批判不但没有割断儒家，而且还是儒家新发展的前提条件。

对儒家思想的发展来说，“五四”批判也是积极的、必要的，而在此基础上形成的自我意识也才是清醒的，才可能真正发现中国文化特别是儒家思想的真价值。

④在文明社会中生活这一事实本身就意味着对其他文化的承认。

贺麟在1947年说：“我们从一开始，认识西洋文化的方法就错了。

……直到最近十年来，才渐渐地有一种觉悟，觉得西洋文明，不仅是物质文明，而在物质文明的背后，有很深的精神文明的基础。

”综合地看，西方的物质文明、精神文明都有值得中国欣赏学习之处，这里不存在非此即彼的单向选择。

只有全面认识西方文化，认真反省中国文化，才能对西方之“美”有一个全面的认识。

⑤不同文化之间没有对其他文化的认识和欣赏，没有自觉的交流和交融，对其他文化的承认也可能是被动的、消极的。

但若因此而以为可以通过各种不同文化的相互欣赏来消除文化冲突，显然是不清醒的。

就一种文化而言，可以发现一脉相承的发展过程;就不同文化而言，可以发现人类精神创造的共同法则。

“共性”或普遍性不是存在于各个文化之外、之上的另一种文化，而是体现、蕴含在各个文化之中的为全人类所实践并能共同接受的文化价值、意义、形式和风格。

高中议论文阅读题及答案

高中议论文阅读题及答案①就美的本质说，自然美是美学的难题。

各派不是认为自然无美，美只是人类主观意识加上去的，便是认为自然美在其本身的自然条件，与人类无关。

对这个问题，我当年提出了“美的客观性与社会性相统一”亦即“自然的人化”说。

②但“自然的人化”说却一直遭到误解和反对。

它常常被人们从字面含义上肤浅地理解为被人力开发了的自然对象。

其实，“自然的人化”可以分狭义和广义两种含义。

通过劳动、技术去改造自然事物，这是狭义的自然人化。

而我所说的，是广义的概念。

天空、大海、沙漠、荒山野林，没有经人去改造，但也是“自然的人化”。

因为“自然的人化”指的是人类征服自然的历史尺度，指的是整个社会发展达到一定阶段，人和自然的关系发生了根本改变。

③“自然的人化”不能仅仅从狭义上去理解。

人所培植的花草等，也确乎是美的，但社会越发展，人们便越要也越能欣赏暴风骤雨、沙漠、荒凉的风景等等没有改造的自然，越要也越能欣赏像昆明石林这样似乎是杂乱无章的奇特美景，这些东西对人有害或为敌的内容已消失，而愈以其感性形式吸引着人们。

人在欣赏这些表面上似乎与人抗争的感性自然形式中，得到一种高昂的美感愉快。

所以应该站在一种广阔的历史视野上理解“自然的人化”。

此外，还有人经常把“自然的人化’解释为比拟性的，将自然对象赋予人的想象、情感、意会，如把松、竹、梅比作人的清风亮节，将自然对象作为人格的理想等等。

这是康德讲的“道德的象征”。

这样理解“自然的人化”只能是种借用。

④社会美有历史尺度问题，自然美亦然。

那么，这种人与自然关系的改变的历史尺度，又如何理解和计算呢?这个广义的“自然的人化”大体从何时开始的呢?⑤首先要指出，狭义的“自然的人化”是广义的“自然的人化”的基础，是使人与自然界发生关系改变的根本原因。

原始人为什么不能欣赏山水花鸟，就是因为当时狭义的自然人化水平即生产力水平，使他跟自然的关系不存在那广义的自然的人化。

在狩猎的时代或狩猎的原始民族中，大概只有某些种类的动物成为人类活动和意识的对象，其他的自然事物不是与人无关，便是与人敌对。

高中议论文考试题及答案

高中议论文考试题及答案一、试题部分1. 请以“科技与人文”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的议论文。

要求观点明确，论据充分，论证合理。

2. 阅读下面的材料，根据材料内容，写一篇不少于800字的议论文。

题目自拟。

材料：在现代社会，人们越来越依赖于科技产品，如智能手机、电脑等。

有人认为，这使得人与人之间的交流变得疏远，但也有人认为，科技的发展促进了人们的沟通。

3. 请以“环境保护与经济发展”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的议论文。

要求论点清晰，论据有力，论证严密。

二、答案部分1. 答案示例：正文：随着科技的飞速发展，人类社会进入了一个新的时代。

科技与人文，看似两个截然不同的领域，实则在现代社会中相互依存，共同发展。

本文将探讨科技与人文如何实现和谐共生。

首先，科技的发展为人文领域提供了新的表达方式。

例如，数字艺术、虚拟现实等技术的出现，使得艺术家能够创作出前所未有的作品，丰富了人们的文化生活。

其次，科技的进步也促进了人文学科的研究。

通过大数据分析、人工智能等技术，学者们能够更深入地挖掘历史资料，理解人类文明的发展脉络。

然而，科技的快速发展也带来了一些挑战。

过度依赖科技产品可能导致人们忽视面对面的交流，从而影响人际关系的建立和维护。

因此，我们需要在科技与人文之间找到平衡点。

一方面，要充分利用科技的优势，推动人文学科的发展；另一方面，也要注重培养人们的人文素养，使科技更好地服务于人类社会。

结论：科技与人文并不是对立的，而是可以相互促进、共同发展的。

我们应该积极拥抱科技，同时也要重视人文教育，实现科技与人文的和谐共生。

2. 答案示例：标题：科技与人际交流的双刃剑正文：科技产品，如智能手机和电脑，已经成为现代社会不可或缺的一部分。

它们在很大程度上改变了人们的交流方式，既有积极的一面，也有消极的影响。

从积极的角度来看，科技产品极大地提高了沟通的效率。

人们可以通过即时通讯软件、社交媒体等平台，随时随地与他人保持联系，分享信息和情感。

高考阅读体裁篇之议论文 (真题+各地名校试题)--备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破(练习版)

专题五：高考阅读体裁篇备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破考向3 议论文Passage 1 （2021·全国·高考真题）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the stud y found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”1．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.C．They're objective. D．They're strict.2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A．They think themselves smart.B．They look up to great thinkers.C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs3．Why are more geniuses known to the public?A．Improved global communication.B．Less discrimination against women.C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.D．Changes in people's social positions.4．What is the best title for the text?A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many FormsC．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and LuckPassage 2 （2021·北京·北师大实验中学三模）In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psycholo gist B．F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失败), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children inearly adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must fo llow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.5．According to the passage, education technology can ________.A．decrease teachers’ working loadB．facilitate personalized learningC．help standardize curriculumsD．be loved by schoolchildren6．Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4?A．The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.B．Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.C．Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.D．Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.7．The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.A．at the service of teachingB．limited in use among pupilsC．aimed at narrowing the wealth gapD．in line with students’ learning styles8．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To stress the importance of edtech.B．To introduce the application of edtech.C．To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.D．To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.Passage 3 （2021·浙江·台州市书生中学模拟预测）“When I think of England, I think of the queen taking her dogs for walk in the countryside,” says Carsten Haferkamp, a dog-owning German working in London. Data from Tractive, a firm that provides GPS tracking for pets, show that Britons walk their dogs more than their European neighbors do.The British love for dog-walking may have more to do with the walking than the dogs. Britons are big walkers –they came fifth in the world in a study in 2017, the highest in Europe. Dogs provide walkers with company and a purpose, so it may be that walking encourages dog-ownership.But Julien Dugnoille, an expert at Exeter University, suspects dog-walking has a deeper significance. Dogs, he suggests, are a useful aid to a socially awkward nation. “Britons tend to have a chat with strangers and exchange a few jokes and comments about the weather without putting themselves in danger.”A tradition among the British nobles of owning and training dogs also leads Dr Dugnoille to assume thatdog-walking is a way to keep ancient honor. “When people in the park say Max is very well-behaved,” says Dr Dugnoille, “that is a way to show their authority in the art of dog training compared to those dog owners who are not in control of their own dog.”But it’s not just about showing off, in his view. He believes walking with one’s best friend creates a time and space where dogs and humans meet as species and connect as individuals.Still, Britons should not congratulate themselves too much on their behavior towards their dog companions. According to Dr Carri Westgarth of Liverpool University, “People say that a dog needs a walk every day, but they will find re asons why their dog doesn’t need a walk. They’ll say: he’s got company indoors, he’s nervous or he doesn’t like the rain.”9．The queen is mentioned in paragraph 1 to show _______.A．the queen’s love for dogs B．a foreigner’s impression of EnglandC．the British devotion to walking dogs D．the importance of dog-walking for Europeans10．What does Dr Dugnoille most probably agree with?A．Britons see dogs as protectors from danger.B．Dog-walking is related to the British traditional culture.C．Britons prefer to walk rather than walk the dog.D．Dog-walking is a close link between the British and nature.11．Dr Westgarth’s comment on the British dog-walking suggests that_______.A．Britons are proud of dog-walking B．dogs are a good companion for BritonsC．he is doubtful of the British love for dogs D．weather is a popular topic among Britons12．What would be the best title for the text?A．Love Your Dog, Walk Your Dog B．How Do Britons Walk Their Dogs?C．Opinions on Dog-Walking in Britain D．Why Do Britons Love to Walk Dogs?Passage 4 （2021·上海普陀·一模）A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal（基座）built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it's dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor（叛徒）for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model", or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.13．Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because________.A．he broke fundamental principles in life B．he was not good enough to be a role modelC．he doubted the perfection of some sports figures D．he thought sports figures could have weaknesses 14．According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?A．Because we may let go of our own moral standards.B．Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.C．Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.D．Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.15．From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was________.A．unfairly criticized due to being female B．the first female attorney general in the USC．less qualified than the public had expected D．a role model for women seeking elected office16．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Be Our Representatives for Perfection B．Exploration of Our Own Heroic PotentialC．Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures D．Our Conventional Views of Female PoliticianPassage 5 （2021·重庆巴蜀中学二模）While the arts can' t stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(解决）). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller’s Ode to joy（欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposing forces. The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today’ s competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future. 17．What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses?A．It brings people inner peace.B．It contributes to problem-solving.C．It reduces the possibility of crises.D．It deepens understanding of music.18．What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No. 9?A．It celebrates freedom and unity.B．It aims to show crises and chaos.C．It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy.D．It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.19．What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces?A．Leaving things as they are.B．Making a choice between them.C．Separating them from each other.D．Engaging them in a conversation.20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．How COVID-19 changes artB．Essentials of Symphony No. 9C．Moving artfully through crisesD．Joy in the eyes of BeethovenPassage 6 （2021·辽宁·大连二十四中一模）Imagine possessing something that you loved so much. Imagine what it would feel like if you lost it. While that item may be something as simple as a toy, you would still feel very upset, but you could replace it with a new one. Now imagine losing something that you depend on for survival and cannot be replaced. That is what it would be like if we lost the natural environment around us.Firstly, I believe the environment should be protected because it supports human life. One of the largest examples is that we get all of our food and drinks from the environment. If the environment were to be destroyed beyond revival, then the human race would be over in months. Scientists have to find another planet with similar conditions to the Earth, and if it's found, we don’t have the technology to get to that planet in time.Secondly, I believe that the environment serves as an amazing educational tool for students. When I was in second grade, I had an absolute interest in animals. When we had a field trip to the Daggerwing Nature Center, I was very excited. When we got there, I could hardly believe what I was seeing. There was a bridge to get to the main building, and under the bridge was a small swamp (沼泽) with turtles, fish, and my personal favorite, alligators. I was so surprised that I almost ran into the tour guide. We walked into the building and saw various animals in their habitats. I was so inspired by this visit. Six years later, I have taken an animal behavior class for three weeks. Meeting by chance with the environment can inspire people, and if preserved, it will continue to inspire people.In conclusion, the environment is so valuable because it can't be replaced, keeps us alive, and serves as a great educational tool.21．The first paragraph leads to the theme of the text by________________.A．describing a process. B．presenting differences.C．analyzing causes. D．showing similarities.22．The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 refers to_________________.A．health. B．recovery.C．range. D．survival.23．What's the function of paragraph 3?A．To express the writer’s absolute interest in animals.B．To introduce the Daggerwing Nature Centers scenery.C．To show the environment can inspire and educate people.D．To prove the subject he has chosen is promising.24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Why the Environment Is So Important?B．Which Planet Can Replace the Earth?C．How People Should Protect the Environment?D．What People Can Do to Stop Pollution?Passage 7 （2021·江苏·盐城中学模拟预测）On May 1, 1926, Ford Motor Company became one of the first American companies to adopt a five-day,40-hour week. It was something workers and labor unions had been calling for. However, the five-day workweek was to increase productivity. With more time and money, workers were expected to buy and use the products they were making. Manufacturers soon followed Ford’s lead, and the Monday-to-Friday workweek became standard practice.Since then, everything has changed but the hours. Many people worked longer, which severely influenced health and well-being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Women gradually made up 42 percent of the world’s full-time workforce. Later, technology made lots of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up more ofEarth’s supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. It’s time to pause and consider be tter ways to live like shifting fromfossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.The UK New Economics Foundation argues that a standard 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life. Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite (有限的) planet make no sense. It’s time for a change in our economic thinking. 25．Why did Henry Ford shorten the workweek?A．To increase efficiency.B．To cut workers’ salaries.C．To end conflicts with workers.D．To create more job opportunities.26．What happened in the workforce after World War II?A．The oldest male had to work longer.B．Technology let people work more flexibly.C．Job positions were created due to technology.D．Full-time vacancies were filled by more women.27．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A．Companies shouldn’t pro duce more than people can use.B．The 21st century has witnessed the longest working hours.C．The cycle of longer workweek and consumption should be changed.D．Longer workweek definitely leads to stronger consumption capability.28．Which would be possible if a 21-hour workweek should be adopted?A．Companies would be closed down.B．Economic growth would be stopped.C．Economic systems would break down.D．People would be encouraged to enjoy life.Passage 8 （2021·广东·汕头市潮阳实验学校一模）A simple piece of clotheslines hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who see clothes dryers as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the "what-I-can- do environmentalism”But on the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations(HOAs) across the US to stop outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws be passed to protect the choice to use clotheslines. So far, only three states have laws to protect clotheslines.Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-friendly person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But several days ago, the HOA in North Carolina told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard "Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don't take matters in their own hands," says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors complain.North Carolina lawmakers say that stopping clotheslines is not the right thing to do. But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods. They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can" even afford dryers, housing prices will fall.Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change. As they say, "The clothesline is beautiful Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged. We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.29．Supporters of clothes dryers are trying to stop clothesline drying because .A．clothes dryers can save money B．clothes dryers are energy-savingC．clothesline drying reduces home value D．clothesline drying is not allowed in US30．Which of the following best describes Matt Reck?A．He is a warm-hearted man. B．He is an impolite neighbor.C．He is an inexperienced gardener. D．He is a man of social responsibility.31．Who are most likely to support clothesline drying?A．Housing businesses. B．Environmentalists.C．Homeowners Associations. D．Reck's dissatisfied neighbors.32．What could be the best title for the passage?A．Opposing Opinions on Clothesline Drying B．A Way to Save Energy and MoneyC．Different Varieties of Clotheslines D．A Lost Art to Be Discovered.Passage 9 （2021·湖南·长郡中学模拟预测）Last year, 138,000 San Francisco residents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking num ber for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, as San Francisco voters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.The app has had unintended consequences in San Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year, a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Prop osition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practice s in San Francisco and other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.San Francisco is in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4, 000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay, San Francisco simply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking to Silicon Valley.As the Los Angeles Times reported, some San Francisco residents supported the measure simply because it seemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve thecity’s existing problems.33．The intention of Proposition F is to ________.A．place time limits in local election. B．set limits on short-term rental.C．strike down a controversial rule. D．urge users to vote against Airbnb.34．What is the negative consequence of Airbnb on San Francisco?A．It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.B．Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.C．It makes the house market more competitive.D．It indirectly leads to high house rental price.35．The housing crisis in San Francisco results from ________.A．explosion of the living cost B．its geographic characteristicsC．generosity of local enterprises D．inflow of migrant population36．The a uthor’s attitude toward Proposition F is ________.A．objective B．supportiveC．negative D．indifferentPassage 10 （2021·湖北·巴东一中一模）Growing up, we are constantly reminded that young people are heavily affected by technology. We are the “antisocial club”, t hose who prefer to text our friends in the same room rather than make eye contact with them. And even though never-ending studies reveal to us the extent of our social media addiction, we should at least consider that it’s not only our young people’s probl em any more.There’s the rise of the Instagram mums, who like to post an abundance of cute baby pictures, share their mom feelings along the way and show their wonderful lifestyles. They are the so-called “Facebook mum generation”, a growing group of parents that like to overshare.While all of this might be fine, and even a little humorous, new research suggests that parents’ technology addiction is negatively affecting their children’s behavior. According to the study, 40% of mothers and 32% of fathers have admitted having some sort of phone addiction. This has led to a significant fall in verbal interactions within families and even a decline in mothers’ encouraging their children.。

高考议论文阅读题练习及答案

高考议论文阅读题练习及答案高考议论文阅读题练习原文大多数环境学论著认为，人类大量排放二氧化碳等温室气体，导致全球气温上升，而全球变暖将使地球两极的冰川融化，海平面上升，进而给人类的生存造成威胁。

但是，荷兰学者克罗宁博格所著的《人类尺度：一万年后的地球》一书中的观点，似乎可以让人稍稍缓解一下在气候变暖问题上的紧张感。

作者的基本观点是：当下发生的所有气候变化，从地球的立场出发，都是“正常运作”。

大自然的变化类似于四季交替，只不过是它的时间尺度要长得多。

根据作者的描述，大自然的“春天”是在一万年以前开始的，那时，天气已开始转暖，曾经覆盖了当今人类广泛活动区域的冰层逐渐在阳光下融化，海平面上升，而人类祖先的生活方式则开始从渔猎转向定居农业。

到现在，人类已经处于“夏季”，因此我们没有必要担心气温上升可能会带来的危害”。

“夏季”终将过去，这也是自然规律，只不过是要再等待一段漫长的时间，“秋季”才会来临。

那时海平面将会下降，而今天人们因为气温上升所引发的讨论也将随之结束。

克罗宁博格面对当前全球气候变暖的趋势，以及由此造成的极端天气频繁、荒漠化加重、物种灭绝加速等情况，之所以显得十分淡定，在于他看待这一问题时使用了与众不同的时间尺度。

通常人们只考虑几十年或几百年的事情，并且一直在用这种人类的尺度去衡量大自然，结果每个人都为现在的气候最大值紧张不已。

其实，这在克罗宁博格看来只不过是大自然循环中出现的“一丝波纹而已”。

如果我们超越现阶段人类思考问题的尺度，观察一个漫长的周期，情形也许就不会那么令人沮丧了——那就是一万年的时间尺度，为什么要一万年的时间尺度?因为人类现在所处的地质时代开始于一万年以前;地质学的知识也告诉我们，类似于我们现在所处的温暖期一般不会超过一万年;大约一万年前爆发的火山目前都处在活动期等等。

与地质学应用的时间尺度相比，人类的尺度就不那么适用了。

这也难怪他要嘲讽因为气候变暖、海平面上升而变得异常焦虑的人民，“为什么要大张旗鼓地围着小周期内出现的现象团团转”?《人类尺度：一万年后的地球》这本书的观点有助于提升人类面对气候变暖、海平面上升所带来的挑战的勇气，正像作者所说的那样：穿着熊皮、拿着石斧的石器时代的人类尚且知道如何在冰期生存下来，我们难道无法运用现代高科技去解决海平面上升一米带来的后果吗?当然，与此同时我们也应该意识到，即使人类的活动对于全球气候变暖的作用微不足道，我们也不能从此以后就不加节制地去排放温室气候，大量地消耗资源和排放二氧化碳已经严重破坏了自然生态和人类的生存环境，所以克罗宁博格也表示，“我们应该节约能源”以保护有限的资源。

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高考议论文阅读练习题
大家来到此地，都抱有求学研究之志，但我要告诉大家说：单是求知识，没有用处，
除非赶紧注意自己的缺欠，调理自己的心理才行。

要回头看自己，从自己的心思心情上求
其健全，这才算是真学问;若能如此，才算是真进步。

人类之所以超过其他生物，皆因人类有一种优越力量，能改变外界，创造东西。

要有
此改变外界的能力，必须本身不是机械的。

人类优长之处，即在其生命比其他物类少机械性。

这从何处见出呢?就是在于他能自觉;而更进步的，是在回头看自己时，能调理自己。

我们对外面的东西，都知道调理他，譬如我们种植花草，或养一个小猫小狗，更如教养小孩，如果我们爱惜她，就必须调理他。

又如自己的寝室，须使其清洁整齐，这也是一种调理。

对外界我们尚需调理，对自己则忘记调理，是不应该的。

不过调理自己与调理东西不甚一样，调理自己要注意心思与心情两方面。

心思方面最
要紧的是要条理清楚。

凡说一句话，或作一篇文章，总要使其清楚明白。

如缺乏条理，徒
增多知识是无用的，因为知识是要用条理来驾驭的。

而心思之清楚有条理，是与心情有关
系的。

在心情不平时，心思不会清楚，所以调理心情是最根本的。

对心情应注意的有两点：一是懈，一是乱。

懈是一种顶不好的毛病，偶然懈一下，这
事便做不好;常常散懈，则这人一毫用处也没有。

在写文章时的苟且潦草敷衍对付，都是
从懈而来。

文章写得短不要紧，最不好是存苟且心理。

一有这心理，便字不成字，话不成话，文不成文。

苟且随便从散懈心理来，干什么事都不会成样儿。

乱是心情不平，常是像
有点激动，内部失掉均衡和平，容易自己与自己冲突，容易与旁人冲突，使自己与环境总
得不到一个合适的关系。

乱或，与散懈相反;散懈无力，初看似乎有力，其实一样的不行。

因其都是一种机械性，都无能力对付外面的变化，改造环境。

然则如何可不陷于机械而变
成一个有能力的人?这就要能自觉，不散懈，亦不，要调理自己，使心情平和有力，这是
改变气质的根本功夫。

调理自己需要精神，如果精力不够时，可以休息。

在我们寻常言动时，绝不可有苟且
随便的心情;而在做事的时候，尤须集中精力。

除非不说不做，一说一做，就必须集中精力，心平气稳地去说去做。

譬如写一篇文章，初上来心很乱，或初上来心气尚好，这时最
好平心静气去想，不要苟且从事，如果一随便，就很难有成就。

所以我们的东西不拿出则已，拿出来就要使他有力量。

诸同学中有的却肯用心思，但在写文章时，条理上还是不够，有随便苟且之意，字句让人不易看清楚。

有的同学还更差些。

这不是小事体，这是一个很紧要的根本所在。

13.下列对本文主旨的概括，正确的一项是
A.学会心理的调整，这才是真正的学问，才是真正的进步。

B.人类之所以超过其他生物，是因为比其他物类少机械性。

C.说话和写文章时，要想表达清楚明白，心思必须先有条理。

D.调理自己的心情，使之平和有力，是改变气质的根本功夫。

14.根据文章，下列做法不属于“调理心情”的一项是
A.备考要拟定周密的学习计划，拟定计划前要保持内心的平和安定。

B.教室黑板上方的墙壁上，张贴着“净”“静”“敬”“竞”四个大字。

C.写文章不急于下笔，先上网专心浏览，摘取相关精彩段落再加以组合。

D.学习遇到困难时，冷静思考，多方请教，寻找解决问题的新思路。

15.下列表述，不符合原文内容的一项是
A.学会回头看自己，健全自己的心思心情，是求学的一个重要目的，这比学习知识更
重要。

B.心思与心情是密切相关的，但两者有主次之分，要想调理心思，就得先调理自己的
心情。

C.心情的与散懈，两者看似不同，但都能使我们陷于一种机械性，从而导致行事不顺。

D.调整心理，集中精力，心平气和，努力写出有力量的文章，这是一个很紧要的根本
所在。

13.A原文中说“但我要告诉大家说：单是求知识，没有用处，除非赶紧注意自己的缺欠，调理自己的心理才行。

要回头看自己，从自己的心思心情上求其健全，这才算是真学问;若能如此，才算是真进步。

”从“我要告诉大家说”可知道后面是作者要表达的中心
意思。

可见A是本文主旨。

14.C“写文章不急于下笔，先上网专心浏览，摘取相关精彩段落再加以组合”，属于
知识准备阶段，不属于调整心情。

15.D“努力写出有力量的文章，这是一个很紧要的根本所在”以偏概全，“这”应指
的是中心观点，而写文章只是作者在论证中心观点时用的一个论据。

感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。