现在分词的一般式doing和完成式havingdone在做状语时的区别
doing、done、being_done

实战
讨论:Judging/Judged by the look on his face, he doesn’t think much of our local wine.在这里,到底是judging还是 judged呢? Compare是否也属于这一类词呢? Comparing with history, a man’s life time is limited. Compared with his room, my room is small.
3.Moved deeply by what he said, so he decided to help the poor girl.(×)
Because he was moved deeply by what he said, so he decided to help the poor girl. (× ) *去掉so
☆doing 同时还是动名词,主要充当主语与 宾语。 例如:Seeing is believing.
enjoy、avoid等等,这一类词都需要接动 名词来充当宾语。
☆done是过去分词,含有被动与完成的意 思,在句子中充当状语,通常是表示原因 或方式的状语。 例如:Looked at in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.
4. Being painted now ,the room can’t be lived in
例句观察
5. Exposed to strong heat and sunlight, our skin might get burnt 6. Being exposed to strong heat and sunlight will damage our skin.
非谓语动词用法总结

非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一,同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。
它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。
但是,只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握,就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄,游刃有余。
一.非谓语动词区别简表二.不定式的用法不定式不可作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语(表用途)、状语或补足语。
高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词+不定式等。
作主语不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指一件已知的事或目的。
不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事,做是另外一回事。
)(2)不定式短语较长时,通常放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。
eg:①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。
)②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。
)③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。
)2.作宾语(1)常只用不定式作宾语的动词有:want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decid e,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn,choos e,refuse,fail,manage,pretend等。
eg:①He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.)②She has agreed to come tomorrow.(他已同意明天来.)(2) 不定式较长时,作宾语,也可用it代替,放在后面。
eg;I find it difficult to do the job well.(3) “特殊疑问词﹢不定式to do结构”具有名词特征,可作宾语。
现在分词的用法细解

现在分词的用法详解现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。
一.构成形式doing (特殊的略)现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作二.时态与语态一般式doing一般被动式being done完成式having done完成被动式having been done所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not包括独立主格形式三.可作成分定语状语补语表语1.作定语1)单个分词作定语——所修饰名词前,表示主动或者进行的状态可以改写成一个定语从句,把修饰的名词提前做先行词,再补引导词。
E.g. China is a developing country. = China is a country which isdeveloping.2)分词短语作定语——名词放在后面,此时就是相当于定语从句省略了引导词(that, which, what, who, whom...),而先行词就是该修饰的名词,所以该名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系Students wishing to go hiking should sign their names here.=Students who is wishing to go hiking should sign their names here.注意1:分词的完成时(having done, having been done)不可作定语,但是可以用定语从句表示E.g. Do you know anything about the accident having happened yesterday? ( wrong )Do you know anything about the accident that happened yesterday? ( right )注意2:在message, letter, sign, news, notice等词后要用现在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点2.作宾语补足语记住:只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补1)感官动词(和听觉,视觉,触觉相关的动词,此时现在分词表示正在进行):see,hear ,watch,feel,notice,observe, find,listen,to look at2)使役动词(动词+宾语+doing, 此时现在分词表示“使处于某种状态”):have, get, catch, leave, set, keepeg.I saw him singing now.Don't have the students studying all day.注意1:宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者注意2:使役动词后面跟的动词还有do/to do/done 的情况,要根据情况选择合适的动词结构。
Beingdone与done做状语的区别

Being done 与done做状语的区别现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是 句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上 的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。
在使 用现在分词时,要注意它的各种形式变化:Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声,学生们开始走进教室。
(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)Being struck by the heavy storm, they felt helpless. 正受到强暴雨的袭击,他们感到很无助。
(strike 与 feel 两个动作同时发生,但 strike 与 they 之间逻辑关系是被动的 )Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作,他就回家了。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake . 给他讲过好几回,他还是犯同样的错。
分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
与其它非谓语动词作状语用法区别简析:1. 分词在句中不作目的状语(表目的状语用不定式)。
不定式作状语只在句中表目的、结果、原因、程度。
2. 现在分词的一般式,表示该动作与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生;现在分词的完成式,表示该动作先于主句谓语动作发生。
过去分词表被动完成3. 现在分词的一般式的被动式(即 being done) 一般只作原因状语置句首;现在分词的完成式(即 having done; having been done) 在句中作时间原因状语。
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.表示时间关系的分词短语,可用 when 或 while 引出。
现在分词

分词做表语
inspiring The news is __________. (令人鼓舞) surprised. He is _________. (感到惊讶)
an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 an excited voice 兴奋的声音 a puzzled look 困惑的表情
having been done 该动词与句子主语为被动关系; 该动词所表达的动作先于句中谓语动词所表达的动作。
分词做状语 A 1. ____ from space, the earth looks blue . 2. ____ from space , we can see the earth is blue . B
分词做状语
A 1. ____ from his appearance, he is very strong. A. Judging B. Being judged C. To judge D. Judge C 2. ____ that he ill, his work should be done by others. A.Considered B. To consider C. Considering D. Consider
Having visited the city many times, he offered to be our guide. (原因)
分 分 词 词 做 做 状 状 语 语
If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work better. Given more time, we would be able to do the work better.(条件) Being done
现在分词作状语

5) Four people entered the room looking
around in a curious way. 伴随状语 = Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.
2. 作状语的V-ing形式和句子之间通常有一个 逗号隔开,不能用并列连词。 • He came into the room, singing and dancing. Hearing the news, they couldn’t help crying. She sat in sofa watching TV.
2. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (2006年 湖北卷 A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
可以表示时间, 原因, 结果, 条件, 行 为方式或伴随动作等。 1).Using your head, you’ll find a good way. 条件状语
If you use your head
Working hard, you’ll surely
succeed.
If you work hard
3). Walking in the street, I saw a tailor’s shop. 时间
When I was walking in the street.
4). His father died, leaving the family even worse off. 结果
and this left the family even worse off
高二英语现在分词作状语

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现在分词的一般式doing和完成式havingdone在做状语时的区别分析

【规律总结】
现 在 分 词 作ing: 同时于谓语动作发生 完成式 表示分词动作/状态 having 先于谓语动作发生 done:
与 主 语 均 为 主 谓 关 系
【问题解答】
B that she didn’t do a good job, I _____ don’t think I am abler than her.
【及时巩固】
B 1. ______ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Failing B. Having failed C. Failed D. Being failed A 2. ______ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left his money in the car. A. Having waited B. Waiting C. Having been waited D. Being waited
A.To have said C.To say B.Having said D.Saying
B.虽然我说过她干得不好,但后来我认为 我自己也不比她能干。
D.虽然我边说她干得不好,但同时我认为 我自己也不比她能干。 不合情理
【拓展训练】
Searching 1. ____________(search) the room very carefully, she found the ring she lost the day before. Having lived 2. ____________(live) in Nanjing for many years, he knows the place very well.
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A.To have said B.Having said
C.To say
D.Saying
B.虽然我说过她干得不好,但后来我认为 我自己也不比她能干。
D.虽然我边说她干得不好,但同时我认为 我自己也不比她能干。 不合情理
【拓展训练】
1. __S_e_a_r_c_h_in_g___(search) the room very carefully, she found the ring she lost the day before.
A. to injure
B. injured
C. having injured
D. injuring
【及时巩固】
5. _B__ twice, the postman refused to deliver
our letters unless we chained our dog up.
A. Having bitten B. Having been bitten
old man suddenly realized he had left his
money in the car.
Waiting
C. Having been waited D. Being waited
【及时巩固】
3. ___C____ the joke, we burst out laughing.
因为他到过那里许多次,所以主动 提出当我们的向导。先于
【规律总结】
现 在 分
一般式 表示分词动作/状态 doing: 同时于谓语动作发生
与 主 语 均
词
为
作 状 语
完成式 having done:
表示分词动作/状态 先于谓语动作发生
主
谓
关 系
【问题解答】
___B__ that she didn’t do a good job, I
【及时巩固】
1. __B____ to reach them on the phone, we
sent an email instead.
A. Failing
B. Having failed
C. Failed
D. Being failed
2. ___A___ in the queue for half an hour, the
现在分词的一般式doing 和完成式having done
在做状语时的区别
【典型问题】
(2007 陕西卷)
_____ that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her.
A.To have said B.Having said
C. Biting
D. Being bitten
分词
词
doing:
往往表示分词动作在发生过程 中谓语动作发生了(如1)
having 表示分词动作在谓语动作前发 done:生并持续了一段时间(如2)
作短
状暂 语动
词
doing: 表示分词动作与谓语动作先后 发生,无时间间隔(如3)
having 表示分词动作在谓语动作前多 done: 次发生,或有时间间隔(如4)
C.To say
D.Saying
【例句观察】
1. Walking in the street the other day, I came across an old friend of mine.
那天在街上散步的时候,我碰见了一 位老朋友。 同时于
2. Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.
4. _H__a_v_in_g_s_e_e_n__(see) that she held a doll while sleeping many times, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed tonight.
【注意事项】
现
延 续
在动
A. Having heard B. Having been heard
C. Hearing
D. Being heard
4. A bomb exploded outside a hotel near
the town square yesterday, __D__ at least
12 people.
2. _H__a_vi_n_g_l_iv_e_d__(live) in Nanjing for many years, he knows the place very well.
【拓展训练】
3. __A_r_r_iv_in_g__(arrive) at the airport, they found their flight had taken off.