2017年高考英语二轮复习 核心考点总动员 专题33 阅读理解之猜测词义(含解析)
专题33 阅读理解之猜测词义关键词：阅读理解,猜测词义,上下文推理,语境难度系数：✱✱✱✱推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱【基础回顾】考点归纳：根据上下文推断生词的词义正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。
但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。
能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。
这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。
考点1 猜测词义题考点2猜测短语题考点3 猜测指代题考点4 猜测句意题基础必读：高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
A．词义猜测主要的设题方式有：（1）The underlined words "took off " in paragraph 2 mean "_____".（2）What does the underlined word "them" in the last paragraph refer to?（3）The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that_______.（4）Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic" in the third paragraph?（5）The underlined phrase " turn his back on" (paragraph 6) most probably mean _______.（6）By saying " We need them yesterday "(paragraph 7), Stover means that snakelike robots _______.B．词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。
语境既上下文。
由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。
因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇，短语并结合具体的语境来推测。
命题者为了考查学生的这种猜词能力，常采用以下几种命题策略：策略（1）：依据标点符号猜测词义标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的信号词。
比如，破折号（--- ）、冒号 ( ： ) 常常起解释说明的功能，引号（‘'）和（ ( ) ）有时也起到相同的作用。
【例1】Morning noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house-------the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband.问题： The underlined words " henpecked husband." probably means a man who _______.A. likes huntingB. is afraid of hens C .loves his wife D .is afraid of his wife策略（2）：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。
在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。
常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/ rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/ on the other hand 等。
【例2】The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. 问题：What do the words “a replica” i refer to?A．A painting of the skeleton. B．A photograph of Lucy.C．A copy of the skeleton. D．A written record of Lucy.【解析】C。
词义猜测题。
结合“while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom”中的real，可知这个词的含义是“复制品”。
A“骨骼的绘画”；B“露西的照片”；D“露西的书面记录”，均与上下文语境不符。
本题是利用对比关系猜测词义。
While 是一个很好的信息提示词。
策略（3）：依据下定义，作解释、打比喻等猜测词义在说明文，科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。
在写作方法上常采用先总后分（即先定义后解释）或先分后总（即先说明后结论）的叙述方式。
常用的定义信号词有： be defined as/be termed( 被定义为 ) ，be called ( 被称为 ) ， mean/ refer to/be( 意指，是 ) 。
【例3】2015·江苏卷]Some 2，500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,_one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.问题：65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Countries where their people need help.B. Powerful states with higher civilization.C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D. Governments ruled with absolute power.【例4】2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] And for chocolate_snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.问题：The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who ________．A. are particular about chocolateB. know little about cocoa beansC. look down upon othersD. like to try new flavors【解析】A。
词义猜测题。
根据最后一段中的“…who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others…”可以推知，该词组指自以为对巧克力很有研究的人。
本句是运用定语从句补充说明猜测词义。
策略（4）：依据逻辑推理猜测词义运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。
要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。
常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系，同位关系，对比关系，转折关系等。
【例5】2015·新课标全国I卷]The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?A．Artworks. B．Projects.C．Donations. D．Documents.策略（5）：依据例证猜测词义采用事实说理（即例证）以加强观点的说服力或使观点更加明朗清楚是文章写作的常用手法。
借助例证获取更多信息，即可实现猜词的目的。
常用的例证信号词有： like/for example/for instance/such as; include/consist of 等。
【例6】There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectlywell and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.问题：. What does the underlined word “escalation” probably mean?A. Understanding.B. Increase.C. Difference.D. Study. 【解析】B。
高中英语高考冲刺---猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧知识讲解及巩固练习题(含答案解析)
高中英语高考冲刺---猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧知识讲解及巩固练习题（含答案解析）题型介绍高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。
词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。
所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。
常见提问方式The underlined word“______”in the passage means______.What does“_______”in the third paragraph stand for?The word/phrase“________”most nearly means______.The word/phrase“______”could best be replaced by______.The word/phrase“______”in Line…,Para…refers to______.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”?What’s the meaning of“______”in Line…,Para…?The underlined sentence in the first/second...paragraph probably means that________.正确选项的特点【链接高清】1.对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。
2.对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。
干扰项的特点1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。
2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。
解题思路1.返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。
高中英语阅读理解精析精练-猜测词义
命题点4 猜测词义本类考题解答锦囊英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。
即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。
如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。
据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。
因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。
任何一个买词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。
NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。
但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。
此类题的提问形式一般有：1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?2. The underlined word, means_______.3. The underlined phrase, means_______.4. The underlined sentence, means_______.利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种：1.根据定义或解释猜测词义【例题】(1)A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.根据定义, calendar 的意思是日历.。
(2)A biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else 根据定义，biography 的意思是凡别人写的生平叫做传记。
(3)Some writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA--money, Success or expensive things to buy. 2.破折号后而的内容是对value 一词的具体解释。
高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题——猜测词义》PPT课件
very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.
◎All the other members are of the
same opinion. They are unanimous.
反义词 污秽的
天生的
混乱
小
结
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或 be called，be known as, be defined as ， 等词汇或破折号来表示 ； 或由is, 或由 that is (to say), in other words， ， to put it another way引出 一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后 做它的同位语，用逗号隔开， 做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同 位关系。 位关系。
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by ___. 2.The word “…” is most likely to mean ______. 3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for? 4. The underlined word “…” means __. 5. The word “…” is closest in meaning to …
语 境 猜 测 词 义
1. 定义描述 2. 同义反义 3. 因果关系 4. 举例归纳 5. 生活常识 6. 上下文推测
1、定义描述 动物学家 、
牧羊人
语义学
zoologist, ◎His uncle is a zoologist an expert who does research on animals. herdsman, ◎The herdsman who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎ Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题——猜测词义》PPT解析共34页
拉
60、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地 走到底 ，决不 回头。 ——左
高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题—— 猜测词义》PPT解析
56、死去何所道，托体同山阿。 57、春秋多佳日，登高赋新诗。 58、种豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。晨兴 理荒秽 ，带月 荷锄归 。道狭 草木长 ，夕露 沾我衣 。衣沾 不足惜 ，但使 愿无违 。 59、相见无杂言，但道桑麻长。 60、迢迢新秋夕，亭亭月将圆。
高考英语阅读理解专项指导-猜测词义
65.The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colors_______.
• had weak effects on the customers B. tricked the customers into shopping C. caused the customers to lose
发现过去人们以群体的形式欣赏 音乐而现在则单个人在vidual
experience.
⑥利用对比关系猜词.
例如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
...is/are known as 被称为
...can be defined as 可被定以为
例如：
1. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is , it will break easily.
1
利用近义词的线索。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另 一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同 一句或者同一段落中。
③利用重述作为上下文猜词的线索。当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时， 他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。常见的用来表示重述的词或短语有：
高考英语二轮复习 核心考点总动员 专题33 阅读理解之猜测词义(含解析)-人教版高三全册英语试题
专题33 阅读理解之猜测词义关键词：阅读理解,猜测词义,上下文推理,语境难度系数：✱✱✱✱推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱【根底回顾】考点归纳：根据上下文推断生词的词义正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的根底，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。
但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。
能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。
这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。
考点1 猜测词义题考点2猜测短语题考点3 猜测指代题考点4 猜测句意题根底必读：高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
A．词义猜测主要的设题方式有：〔1〕The underlined words "took off " in paragraph 2 mean "_____".〔2〕What does the underlined word "them" in the last paragraph refer to?〔3〕The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that_______.〔4〕Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic" in the third paragraph?〔5〕The underlined phrase " turn his back on" (paragraph 6) most probably mean _______.〔6〕By saying " We need them yesterday "(paragraph 7),Stover means that snakelike robots _______.B．词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。
(讲练测)2017年高考英语二轮复习专题06阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题(讲)(含解析)
专题6 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题【构建知识体系】2014-2016年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计2014-20162016年全国高考III卷本专题考查分布明细统计【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]CI am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips—of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrive d at the checkin desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I'm really sorry, I've got some bad news for you—there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urge ntly needed for a patient—please, please, you've got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, rerouted(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, you're consciously aware that in that box you've got something thatis potentially going to save somebody's life.29. Which of the followin g can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?A．Provider. B．Delivery man.C．Collector. D．Medical doctor.[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]BFive years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpect ed teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.En couraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I'm just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you're asleep？”“Oh, sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imagin ative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That's pretty creative.Who does that for you？”“Nobody. I do it.”“Really—at night, when you're asleep？”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in cl ass, okay？”7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]BOn one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.“Hey, aren't you from Mississippi？” the elegant, whitehaired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I'm from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said. “I didn't know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her bigcity friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).“My friend said: ‘Now we believ e your stories，’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now youknow. These are the people that make me write them．’”Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.“I don't make them up，” she said o f the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don't have to.”Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss, from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片断) of a particularly interesting story.6. The unde rlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's ________.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2017年全国高考试题还会①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。
2017年新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案解析)
2017届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in t he last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
【原创】高中英语二轮复习阅读理解考点破解考点4 意思猜测题
△ What does the underlined word “displaced”
in the paragraph mean?
A. Tested. 测试
B. Separated. 分开
C√ . Forced out.
Байду номын сангаас
D. Tracked down.
取代,替代
追查到
C 推断单词含义。由画线词的前一分句可知“灰狼 在黄石和美国大陆的大部分地区曾经随处可见”， 但but话锋一转，“但是由于人类的发展，它们渐渐 地”；渐渐地怎么了？“到20世纪20年代在黄石几乎 消失了”；去哪了？“去了人口稀少的加拿大森林了 。”由此推断，它们因人类的发展而“被迫离开 (forced out)”美国大陆，故选C项。其他选项“被测 试”“被分开”“被跟踪追捕”均与语境无关。
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that…
爵士乐爱好者正在减少并逐渐变老，且不受年轻 一代欢迎
△ What does the underlined word “that” in the paragraph refer to?
A. Jazz becoming more accessible. B. The production of jazz growing faster. √C. Jazz being less popular with the young. D. The jazz audience becoming larger.
高考英语总复习(专题攻略)之阅读理解 解题技巧之词义猜测高三全册英语试题
毛额市鹌鹑阳光实验学校高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测历年来高考试题中的生词量有增无减。
《教学大纲》要求学生“读懂生词率不超过3%的传记、故事、记叙文、科普小品文和有关社会文史知识等不同题材的材料。
”在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：1．旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。
根据上下文 course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。
2．合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等；3．“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；4．“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景5．超纲生词。
如： NMET2002《大纲》之外的和熟词新意的生词达57个，NMET除52个专有名词和15个注汉字的生词外，还有52个生词 (含熟词生义)。
有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。
那么阅读理解时遇到大量生词该怎么办? 查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法，当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中才可以使用。
但是，频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，又容易破坏学生阅读的思路和兴趣。
况且，一词多义是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不一定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。
平时的练习中遇到生词不要马上查词典，可以通过一定的方法来猜测理解。