考博英语summary作文写作、汉译英及英译汉写作总结

考博英语summary作文及翻译部分博士研究生招生院校考博英语题型中作文部分要求学生写200字左右英文摘要即summary，对于很多没有接触过的考试感到无从下笔，下面新东方在线考博频道将为大家详细介绍2017考博英语作文摘要的写作步骤。

摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。

另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。

这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。

因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。

考博英语作文摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。

它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。

写摘要主要包括三个步骤：(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。

第一步：阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。

如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。

阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

B.给摘要起一个标题。

用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。

也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。

主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。

一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。

C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。

对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。

D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。

第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。

因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。

摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。

不要引用原文的句子。

C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。

这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。

只保留主要观点。

2) 选择一至两个例子。

原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。

3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。

如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。

4) 避免重复。

在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。

但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。

应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

5) 压缩长的句子。

如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。

请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, werevisited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8) 使用最短的连接词。

比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。

通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。

9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul —it’s not good for you!”Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful…like eating cardboard or sand…just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!”Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high bloodpressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.第三步：修改成文草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。

首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。

其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。

第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。

最后，保持语言简单明了。

经过上述步骤和方法，一篇摘要就可以完成了。

考博英语summary 的写作方法Summary的写法⼀summary分为三个部分1点明主题，解析⽂章或书籍的⽬的或意图；2介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解⽂章或书籍的概貌；3提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。

⼆常见摘要句型：1 This paper deals with…2 This article focuses on the topics of…3 This thesis discusses …4 This thesis analyzes…5 This paper provides an overview of…6 This article gives an overview of…7 This paper addresses important topics including….8 This essay represents the proceedings of…9 This paper explains the procedures for…10 This paper develops the theory of…三写作摘要的注意事项1先看懂⽂章的意思，这是最重要的事情。

2从⽂章中找出每个段落的主题句，并⽤⾃⼰的语⾔进⾏改写。

如将被动语态改写为主动语态，将⼤词改写为常⽤词汇，切忌完全摘抄⽂章中的句⼦。

3写作分为三段论Part 1：先概述⽂章的主题Part 2：将⽂章中⼼内容进⾏概述。

⼀般三步⾛。

First，+topic sentence.并对主题句进⾏简单解释。

Besides, +topic sentence.并对主题句进⾏简单解释。

Furthermore, +topic sentence.并对主题句进⾏简单解释。

Part 3:结论Sample: (新概念第四册Lesson47)This article focuses the topics of the motives for camping. The author gives us 4 motives for camping and discusses the differences between camping and package tour. In the last paragraph, the author gives us the suggestion that campers should be self-disciplined when they are camping.Firstly, the author gives the first motive for camping: that is economy. But, economy is not the only one and the most important motive for camping.Next, the author gives the second motive that people want to escape from the noisy city. After that, the author talksabout the third motive that people want to escape from the ways of the world. Besides, the author gives us the last motives that people fancy the sense of independence and freedom that cars can bring us.Furthermore, the author discusses the differences between camping and package-tour and argues that camping sites are cosmopolitan.At last, in the last paragraph, the author suggests that camper should be self-disciplined. Only by the self-discipline can campers get the freedom so dear to the heart of Boy-scot.考博英语翻译须熟记这五步在做考博英语翻译题时很多考生总是凭自己的直观感受来理解翻译，往往很容易在细节上丢分，新东方在线考博频道给大家整理了考博英语五步解题步骤，希望大家熟记。