句子的正译与反译

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专升本翻译讲解

专升本翻译讲解

专升本英语翻译讲解一、把握和理解句子结构1. What can be done has been done.正译:能做的事情都已做了。

2. Having been given sucha good chance, how could she let it get away?正译:人家给了她这样一个好机会,她怎么能轻易放过?3. The police forced the way into the room, only to find the safe empty.正译:警察破门而入,结果发现保险箱已被洗劫一空。

4. It is impolite not return telephone calls—regardless of whom they are from.正译:不回电话是不礼貌的,不管电话是谁打来的。

5. The increase in international business has created a need for managers with skills in cross-culture communication.正译:国际贸易的增加需要具有跨国文化交流技能的经理。

6. Learning how to use the Internet effectively as a marketing tool means that you need to learn tow different but related bodies of language.正译:学习有效地使用因特网作为营销工具,意味着要学习两类互不相同却互相关联的知识。

7. I could not but admit that it was a wise decision.正译:我不得不承认那是个明智的决定。

8. These reports provide information on your courses and activity planning for the year.正译:这些报告为你提供本年度的课程与活动计划的信息。

正说反译

正说反译

1、正说反译:Miss the bus没有赶上车Live up to the expectations of my parent不辜负父母的期望Be absent from the meeting没有出席会议A final decision不可更改的决定Frost-free refrigerator无霜冰箱Freeze别动Mortally ill不治之症The window refuses to open窗户打不开Children were excluded from getting in the building 儿童不许进入这个房间The explanation is pretty thin这个解释站不住脚I have fallen behind with my correspondence我有一些信件还没有回复Fully clothes, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep 衣服也不脱,他往床上横着一倒,不一会儿就睡着了Don’t lose time in posting this letter不要忘了寄这封信No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced凭票退押金例1:原文:她忍住了没有笑出声。

译文:She refrained from laughing.例2:原文:花园根本无人整理。

译文:The garden was in a state of total neglect.例3:原文:我不能忍受你的脾气。

译文:Your temper is more than I can bear.例4:原文:他宁死不屈。

译文:He would die before yielding.例5:原文:生活远非净是乐事。

译文:Life is far from being a bed of roses.例6:原文:风景美得无以言表。

翻译技巧--正译与反译

翻译技巧--正译与反译

1.名词
1) There was a complete absence of information on the oil deposit in that area. 关于该地区的石油储藏情况,人们毫无所知。 2) Her child was in a terrible state of neglect.
4) To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account.
使我们失望的是他不顾大局。
5) Such a chance was denied to me.
我没有得到这样一个机会。
类似的动词还有:
lack(缺乏,没有) defy(不服从,不遵从,不让) differ(不同,不同意,不合) miss(未打中,未见到,未达到)
直言不讳。
7) A dog in the manger. 占着茅坑不拉屎。 8) He who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick. 欲加之罪,何患无辞。 9) He was utterly in the dark about what had happened in the department yesterday. 他对昨天系里发生的事全然不知。
II. Purposes of Conversion between Affirmation and Negation
1. to make the meaning clear 2. to strengthen the rhetorical effect 3. to make it conform to the idiomatic use of the target language

文言文翻译句子——关键词

文言文翻译句子——关键词

省略句、被动句、倒 装句、判断句及固定
句式
原因:(1)与现代汉语有较大差别 (2)是考题设置的关键得分点
抓关键词句,洞悉得分点
找出关键词语,特殊 句式,准确翻译
要有采分点的 意识,洞悉命 题者意图
关键词句不落实, 就会徒劳无功
注意:联系全文,注 意语境,字不离句, 句不离篇
知识储备
关键词,关键词多为常用或次常用的,平时要多 积累。解释通常与现在汉语不同的或有多个义项的词 语,以动词居多,形容词、名词次之。
词类活用,形作动
1.卒使上官大夫短屈原于顷襄王 译:最终让上官大夫去在顷襄王前诋毁屈原
通“剃” 2.其次剔毛发、婴金铁受辱
译:其次被剃去头发、用铁圈束颈受尽侮辱 。
3.岂非以其流落饥寒,终身不用,而一饭未尝忘 君也欤。 译:难道不是因为他颠沛流离忍饥受寒,终身不 被重用,却连一餐饭都不曾忘记报效君王吗?
涉及实词和虚词。实词包括多义词、古今异义词、 通假字、词性活用。 1、注意词的古今意义
例如,“去”的今义常用是“到……去”,而古 义常用是“离开”,动作趋向古今恰恰相反。
《荀子·致士》:“川渊枯则鱼龙去之 。”译为 “河流干枯了,那么鱼和蛟龙就离开这里。”
知识储备
2、注意一词多义 例如,同是“兵”这个词,在汉贾谊的《过秦论》
包括:发语词、凑足音节的助词、 倒装句的标志、句中停顿的词、个别连 词及偏义复词中虚设成分等。
结构助词,主谓之间取消 句子独立性,删去
1.师道之不传也久矣
语助,句中表停顿,以舒缓 语气,删去
译:从师的风尚不流传已经很久了 。
发语词,删去
2.夫圣人者,不凝滞于物,而能与世推移。 助词,表停顿,删去
译:道德修养达到最高境界的人,不为事物所拘束,而 能够和世事转变自己的想法。

英语语句翻译方法

英语语句翻译方法

英语语句翻译方法英语语句翻译方法有哪些?翻译其实只要掌握了方法并不难,看看下面吧!一、正反、反正表达法i.汉语从反面表达,译文从正面表达例1:他提出的论据相当不充实。

译文:The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词) 例2:我们确信,年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。

译文:We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy ofour trust. (短语)例3:他七十岁了,可是并不显老。

译文:He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子)II.汉语从正面表达,译文从反面表达例1:他这个人优柔寡断,而且总是反复无常。

译文:He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)例2:调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。

译文:The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heartdisease.(短语)例3:这类举动迟早会被人觉察的。

译文:Such actions couldn’t long escape notice. (句子) III.特殊的否认句式例1:有利必有弊。

译文:There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否认)例2:我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。

译文:In that city, we had never suffereddiscrimination because we wereJews. (否认转移)二、分句、合句法I.分句法汉译英时,需要分译的句子多数是长句,或者是构造复杂的复句。

这种句子如果译成一个长句,就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,也不符合英文习惯。

常用十大英汉互译翻译技巧

常用十大英汉互译翻译技巧

常用十大翻译技巧英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。

常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。

1、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。

这种方式多半用在汉译英里。

汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be?结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。

英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。

英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。

因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。

英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。

因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。

英语句子离不开介词和冠词。

另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。

总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。

如:(1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语)(2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。

(增译名词)(4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

句子翻译

句子翻译
句子翻译
1.没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. No investigation, no right to speak.
2. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)
8.他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译)
He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译)
12. 说话时,已摆了茶果上来。
Meanwhile refreshments had been served.
6.在美国,人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译)
7.你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译)
She is anything but a bright student. (反译)
11. 口试时,问了பைடு நூலகம்个问题,她都答对了。
She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one of them correctly.

8英语翻译之正反译

8英语翻译之正反译

反说正译法(介词短语)
The child can walk without any help now. 这小孩现在完全能自己走路了。 She came into the room with no shoes on. 她光着脚走进了房间。 The train coming from Moscow will arrive in no time. 来自莫斯科的火车很快就会到达。 Students, with no exception, are to have physical examinations. 今天下午学生统统要进行体检。
She
felt miserable.
她感到心里不舒服。
His key was lost.
他的钥匙不见了。
正说反译法(名词)
This district was in a state of neglect. 这个地方处于无人管理状态。 There is lack of water supply here. 这里供水不足。 He did it just out of ignorance. 他做了此事只是出于无知。
练一练:
8. Would you please undress your overcoat before going in to the room? 请你进房间之前脱掉外衣。 9. Did the child displease you? 孩子让你生气了吗? 10. Appearance are deceptive. 外表是靠不住的。
正说反译、反说正译法
1、反说正译法(动词) 2、反说正译法(形容词) 3、反说正译法(副词) 4、反说正译法(名词) 5、反说正译法(介词短语)
反说正译法(形容词)
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句子的正译与反译英汉两种语言习惯不同,有时英语里正说的句子,译成汉语时不得不处理成反说,反之亦然。

所谓正译,是指把句子按照与原语相同的语序或表达方式译入目的语。

所谓反译则是指把句子按照与原语相反的语序或表达方式译入目的语。

正译和反译都是一种翻译方法,其目的是为了解决翻译过程中所遇到的表达方面的困难,使译文更通顺达意。

实际上英汉两种语言均可以从正面或反面来表达同一概念。

如:在美国,人人都能买到枪。

正译:In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.反译:In the United States, guns are available to everyone.你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。

正译:You can obtain this information on the Internet.反译:This information is accessible/available on theInternet.他突然想到了一个新主意。

正译:Suddenly he had a new idea.He suddenly thought out a new idea.反译:A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。

正译:He still could not understand me.反译:Still he failed to understand me.无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。

正译:She can hardly be rated as a bright student.反译:She is anything but a bright student.Please withhold the document for the time being.正译:请暂时扣下这份文件。

反译:请暂时不要发这份文件。

正说反译或反说正译的相互转换,其目的主要有三个:1.明确语义。

2.加强修辞。

3.符合目的语习惯。

例如:一、.正说反译Please tender exact fare. 自备零钞、不找零钱。

(明确)That’s a thing that might happen to anyone.这种事谁也难免。

(加强修辞)But we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being "works of art".可是我们要牢记送到审读员面前的大量书刊、戏剧和电影远非"杰作"。

To criticize it (intelligence test) for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.批评智力测验不反映上述情况,犹如批评温度计不能测出风速一样。

(such failure 是正面表达,但从上下文看,是指"An intelligence test does not measure character, social adjustments ...",故译为"不反映上述情况"。

)H e was absent from his own country last year.他去年不在自己的国家里。

(原文正说,译文反说。

)We may safely say so.我们这样说万无一失。

Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity.双方认为,那和平建议是一个他们可以接受而不失体面的建议。

The decision has to come.决定还没做出。

If it worked once, it can work twice.一次得手,再次不愁。

这小孩现在完全能自己走了。

The child can walk without any help now. (汉语原文正说,英文译文反说。

)法律面前,人人平等。

Law is no respecter of persons.我和老王说句话,马上就回来。

Just to have a word with Old Wang. I won’t be long.在不少情况下,有的介词短语如不从反面着笔,译文就不通,这时必须反译。

像beyond, past,against等表示超过某限度的能力或反对....时,其短语有时用反译法。

如:It is past repair.这东西无法修补了。

There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet.有人不同意这行星上可能有生物的说法。

Radio telescopes have been able to probe space beyond the range of ordinary optical telescopes.射电望远镜已能探测普通光学望远镜达不到的宇宙空间。

用语义冗余不仅能为单个的词选择意义或发现“新义”,而且可以准确译出一段中的许多词语。

利用语义冗余还有助于表达:一般说来,词义理解正确了,off, from等表示地点,距离时,有时用反译法。

如:The boat sank off the coast.这只船在离海岸不远处沉没了。

but,except,besides等表示除去、除外时,也用反译法:Copper is the best conductor but silver.铜是仅次于银的最优导体。

The molecular formula, C6H14, does not show anythingexcept the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms.分子式C6H14只用来表示碳原子和氢原子的总数。

from,in等介词短语作补足语时,有时用反译法。

如:An iron case will keep the Earth's magnetic field away from the compass.铁箱能使地球磁场影响不了指南针。

The signal was shown about the machine being order.信号表明机器没有毛病。

请注意所谓英语正面表达是指在原文中没有用no、not或带否定意义前缀的词,如:dishonest, impossible, indirect。

英语中有些词或短语常常正说反译,如:miss the bus(没有赶上公共汽车),live up to the Party's expectations(不辜负党的期望),be absent from the meeting(没有出席会议),a final decision(不可改变的决定),(be) at a loss (不知所措)等。

英语中有时原词所表达的并不是其字面意义,而是其字面意义的反义,或者说是对其字面意义的否定。

例如:gas mask(防毒面具),riot police(防暴警察),crisis law(反危机法案)。

有些句子则需通过上下文,根据逻辑推理,仔细推敲关键词的实际含义,再采取适当的反译法进行翻译。

例如:In fact, the willingness to experiment is one of the most striking features of China today, and it seems to be rooted in confidence rather than security.实际上,这种敢于试验的愿望是当今中国最显著的特点之一。

它源于信心,而非出于担忧。

(此句中security其实指的是insecurity。

作者是说中国对未来充满信心而大胆进行改革实验,并不是因为国内混乱和不稳定才被迫改革。

)总之,所谓正说反译的目的就是使译文和原文所表达的真正含义相一致。

二、.反说正译I won’t keep you waiting long.我一会儿就回来。

(明确语义)Isn’t it funny! 真逗!(加强修辞)“You will try to tide me over, won’t you?” “Won’t I!”“你会帮我渡过难关的,是吗?” “当然!”(符合汉语习惯)反说正译是重要的翻译方法之一。

常见的反义正译的例子还有:In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better off if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.从长远的观点来看,十分清楚,如果完全禁止吸烟,那么每个人的境况将得到很大改善。

但对于采取这种极端措施,人们尚无准备。

The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.科学研究的方法只是人类思维活动的必要表达方式。

It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.开这么高的价,简直是敲竹杠。

I am not so sick but I can come to sit for the exam.我尽管有病,但是还能来参加考试。

(或:我还没有病到不能来参加考试。

)The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender.被击败的敌人只得投降。

You cannot attach too much importance to the matter.你应该非常重视这件事情。

He is no less clever than his brother.他和他兄弟一样聪明。

The man over there is none other than our principal.站在那儿的人正是我们的校长。

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