成都七中实验学校(初中部)2020年期中单元测试
四川省成都市2020学年八年级英语下学期期中试题(无答案) 人教新目标版
四川省成都七中实验学校2020学年八年级英语下学期期中试题（无答案）人教新目标版第一部分听力测试（共25小题，计25分）一、听句子，根据所听到的内容选择正确答语。
每题读两遍。
(共6小题，每小题l分；计6分)( ) 1. A. Yes, please. B. Thanks. C. You are amazing.( ) 2. A. I’d love to go. B. No problem. C. Either is OK.( ) 3. A. Have a good time. B. Be careful! C. See you!( ) 4. A. Let’s go home. B. I have no idea. C. You’d better take a raincoat.( ) 5. A. You are welcome. B. Nothing serious. C. No, thanks.( ) 6. A. It’s 5 d ollars. B. Yes, I am. C. No, I didn’t.二、听句子，选择与所听到的句子内容相符的图片，并将代表图片的字母填在相应的题号后。
每题读两遍。
(共4小题，每小题 1分；计4分)7. 8. 9. 10.三、听对话，根据对话内容及问题选择选择正确答案。
每题读两遍。
(共10小题，每小题l分；计10分)( ) 11. A. She has a fever. B. She is ill in hospital. C. She is too tired.( ) 12. A. English. B. Physics. C. Math.( ) 13. A. Hamburgers. B. Dumplings. C. Noodles.( ) 14. A. For two week s. B. For three weeks. C. For four weeks.( ) 15. A. At a hotel. B. At a cinema. C. At an airport.( ) 16. A. 55. B. 45. C. 35.( ) 17. A. A dictionary. B. An MP4. C. A camera.( ) 18. A. His uncle. B. His grandfather. C. His cousin. ( ) 19. A. It is broken. B. It is lost. C. It runs out of ink.( ) 20. A. 1.5 meters. B. 1.4 meters. C. 1.35 meters.四、听短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。
2020年成都七中初中学校高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案
2020年成都七中初中学校高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOn a rainy afternoon, maybe one of the following books will keep you company leisurely, allowing you to spend your time alone as well as stepping into a different world.Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets,by Patricio PronIn April 1945,Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. This novel, by a well-known Argentine writer, explores art, crime and politics.When Breath Becomes Air, by Paul KalanithiAt thirty-six, Paul Kalanithi was diagnosed (诊断) with stage IV lung cancer. One day he was a doctor treating the dying, and the next he was a patient. This autobiography finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question “What makes a life worth living?”.To Killa Mockingbird, by Harper LeeSet in a smallAlabamatown in the 1930s, the story focuses on honest, highly respected lawyer Atticus Finch who puts his career on the line when he agrees to represent Tom Robinson, a black man accused of committing a crime.Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) storyby Bess KalbBess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women. They include Bobby’s mother, who traveled alone fromBelarustoAmericato survive, and Bess’s mother, who always fought against convention.1.What type of book is the first novel?A.Sci-fi.B.Biography.C.Detective books.D.History books.2.Which book explores life and death?A.To Kill a MockingbirdB.When Breath Becomes AirC.Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These StreetsD.Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) story3.Who is the main character in the last novel?A.Bobby Bell.B.Bess Kalb.C.Bess’s mother.D.Bobby’s mother.BBill Gates on how to fight future pandemicsWHEN HISTORIANS write the book on the covid-19 pandemic, what we've lived through so far will probably take up only the first third or so.The bulk of the story will be what happens next.I believe that humanity will beat this pandemic, but only when most of the population is vaccinated(接种疫苗）.Until then, life will not return to normal.As the pandemic slows in developed nations,itwill accelerate in developing ones.Their experience,however,will be worse.In poorer countries,where fewer jobs can be done remotely,distancing measures won't work as well.The virus will spread quickly,and health systems won't be able to care for the infected.Wealthy nations can help.But people in rich and poor places alike will be safe only once we have an effective medical solution for this virus,which means a vaccine.My hope is that,by the second half of 2021,facilities around the world will be manufacturing a vaccine.If that's the case,it will be a history-making achievement: the fastest humankind has ever gone from recognizing a new disease to immunizing（免疫）against it.Apart from this progress in vaccines,two other big medical breakthroughs will emerge from the pandemic.One will be in the field of diagnostics.The next time a novel virus crops up,people will probably be able to test for it at home.Researchers could have such a test ready within a few months of identifying a new disease.The third breakthrough will be in antiviral drugs.We haven't been as effective at developing drugs to fight viruses as we have those to fight bacteria.But that will Researchers will develop large diverse libraries of antivirals,which they'll be able to scan trough and quickly find effective treatments for novel viruses.All three technologies will prepare us for the next pandemic by allowing us to intervene(干预）early when the number of cases is still very low.Our progress won't be in science alone.It will also be in our ability to make sure everyone benefits from that science.In the years after 2021,I think we'll learn from the years after 1945. With the end of the Second World War, leaders built international institutions like the UN to prevent more conflicts.After covid-19, leaders will prepareinstitutions to prevent the next pandemic.These will be a mix of national,regional and global organizations.I expect they will participate in regular"germ games”in the same way as armed forces take part in War games.These will keep us ready for the next time a novel virus jumps from bats or birds to humans.I hope wealthy nations include poorer ones in these preparations,especially by devoting more foreign aid to building up their primary health-care systems.This pandemic has shown us that viruses don't obey border laws and that we are all connected biologically by a network of microscopic germs,whether we like it or not.The best analogy(类比）for today might be November 10th 1942.Britainhad just won its first land victory of the war,and Winston Churchill declared in a speech: “This is not the end.It is not even the beginning of the end.But it is,perhaps,the end of the beginning.”4. What are the three technologies that will prepare us for the next pandemic?①manufacturing a vaccine fast②diagnosing a virus at home③developing antiviral drugs④allowing us to intervene earlyA. ①②③B. ①②④C. ①③④D. ②③④5. As far as poorer countries areconcerned,which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?A. pandemic disease is more likely to begin in poorer countriesB. Working from home can work well in poorer countries.C. Health systems are sufficient to care for the infected in poorer countries.D. Virus will cross borders if poorer countries fail to contain it.6. Why is the Second World War mentioned in Para.8?A. The fight against the COVID-19 is similar to the Second World War.B. People are suffering just as they were in the Second World War.C. We should cooperate globally just as we did after the Second World War.D. Countries are fighting each other like in the Second World War.7. What is the tone of this passage?A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. neutralD. indifferentCEvery day in the United States animals are beaten, ignored, or forced to struggle for survival. Left in poor conditions with no food or water, they have little hope as they live out their days without the mercy they deserve. Some are found and rescued, given the chance to experience how great life and humans can be; others aren't so lucky. To grow as a nation, we must fight for these abused(受虐待的) animals’ rights and seriously punish heartless owners.One of the first steps in protecting animals and creating effective cruelty laws is to know what animal cruelty actually is. There are two categories: passive cruelty and active cruelty. The first involves acts of omission, meaning the abuse happens as a result of ignorance or lack of action. Passive cruelty might seem less serious, but that is not the case; it can lead to terrible pain and suffering, and finally death. Examples include starvation, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and the failure to get medical care. Passive cruelty is sometimes due to the owner's ignorance, so many animal control officers will first try to educate ignorant owners on how to properly care for animals before giving them a citation(传票) or putting them in prison.Active cruelty, on the other hand, is more well-known and disturbing. Sometimes referred to as non-accidental injury, this type of abuse involves purposeful harm on an animal in order to feel more powerful or gain control. Active cruelty against animals should be taken very seriously, since it can be a sign that a person has serious psychological issues and may commit more acts of violence---possibly against humans.It is hard to tell just what drives people to harm innocent animals. Most animal abusers find some sort of achievement or power in torturing a victim that they know can't fight back. While not all animal abusers become serial killers, it is important to take every case seriously.As a nation we need to make it our right to come together and ensure the safety of our beloved pets. As Margaret Mead once said, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”8. What is the first step to do with the passive cruelty abusers?A. To throw them into prison.B. To bring the case to the court.C. To teach them how to treat animals.D. To give them a strong warning.9. We can learn from Para.3 that active cruelty ______.A. is actually a sign of power or controlB. has been taken seriously in the nationC. may lead to serious psychological problemsD. may cause acts of violence against humans10. What is the author’s attitude towards animal cruelty?A. Uncertain.B. Doubtful.C. Concerned.D. Pessimistic.11. The author wrote this passage to ______.A. warn those heartless pet ownersB. tell people the harm of animal crueltyC. explain the reasons why people harm animalsD. call on people to fight for the abused animalsDAfter finishing his dinner, Lin Xu opened a WeChat mini-program called "Clear Plate" on his phone and took picture of the empty plates. He was then awarded 157 credit points after the image was uploaded and recognized by artificial intelligence.“Users of the app can use their credit to buy gifts, such as books and cellphones to purchase charity meals donated to children in poor rural areas,” Lin said.A nationwide "Clear Your Plate" campaign is gaining steam online. Efforts to stop food waste and promote thrift are also being made by restaurants that have been urged to create an environment in which consumers are reminded not to waste food. They are also encouraged to offer different portion sizes so that customers can have more choices.The “Clear Plate” mini-program has become popular among young Chinese and currently has nearly 1 million users.Liu Jichen, founder of the startup that developed the app, said that the idea popped up at a dinner in 2017, when Liu found that a restaurant would give diners who polished off their food a card and offer small gifts after a certain number of cards had been collected.“Such an idea can be realized online,” Liu said. He formed a team to work on the project.Yet it was quite challenge for the AI system to identify whether the uploaded photos showed empty plates.To make the AI system smarter, Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1,000 others, spent half a year collecting over 100, 000 samples in canteens and restaurants across the country and used the data to train neural network. Dozens of enterprises, institutions and restaurants have contacted the startup to cooperate on the project.Through the visualized mini-program, people can clearly see the good results of saving food, which will effectively reduce waste, he noted. "We hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation, encouraging them to carry out the virtue of cherishing food and developing the habit of thrift, " Liu said12. What is the main function of the APP "Clear Plate?A. Awarding credit points.B. Giving charity meals.C. Showing the empty plates.D. Encouraging saving food.13. How is the "Clear Your Plate" campaign carried out?A. Customers wasting food are punished.B. People join in it on mini-program.C. Restaurants limit customers' choices.D. People are encouraged to buy gifts.14. What was the most difficult when the app was created?A. Getting other people to cooperate with the team.B. Collecting samples in canteens and restaurants.C. Ensuring the app to recognize empty plates.D. Finding people to fund the app.15. What is the purpose of the writing?A. To introduce an app.B. To promote saving food.C. To praise a startup founder.D. To raise fund for poor children.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年成都七中初中学校高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析
2020年成都七中初中学校高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt looks like 2017 is shaping up to be a record-breaking year in movie History. Here is a list of some of the year’s biggest blockbusters so far.Kong: Skull IslandA reboot (重启) of King Kong would normally get laughed at in this day and age, but it looks like this modem version of the story will be worth watching. With US actress Brie Larson and UK actor Tom Hiddleston in the mix, this film is set to be this year’s biggest monster tale.Release Date:3/10/17Beauty and the BeastDirector Bill Condon is bringing back a part of our childhood in live action, complete with the songs we all remember and love. With British stars Emma Watson and Dan Stevens leading thecast, the classic Walt Disney story already sounds like it’ll be a delight for both children and adults.Release Date:3/17/17The Fate of the FuriousThere was doubt that we’d even get a Fast 8, especially after the fitting ending US actor Paul Walker’s character was given at the end of Furious 7. Fans thought they’d never see Dom and the rest of the crew back in action, but thankfully, US star Vin Diesel himself confirmed that The Fate of the Furious is fueling up for another go.Release Date:4/14/17Spider-Man: HomecomingSpider Man is heading home to Marvel Studios for the first time. The movie will show us Peter Parker’s high school days, and will continue the threads we saw formed during his initial appearance in Captain America: Civil War. We know that Michael Keaton is playing The Vulture in this story, and that both Happy Hogan and Tony Stark, played by US actors Jon Favreau and Robert Downey Jr., are along for the ride.Release Date:7/7/171.Which of the following movies can’t you see on May Day?A.Kong: Skull Island.B.Beauty and the Beast.C.The Fate of the Furious.D.Spider-Man: Homecoming.2.What can we know about Beauty and the Beast?A.It is fueling up for another go.B.It is produced by Marvel StudiosC.It’ll show us Peter Parker’s school days.D.It’ll be enjoyable for both children and adults.3.What does the underlined word “cast” probably mean?A.Characters.B.Actors.C.Directors.D.Teachers.BTaking an afternoon nap could keep your brain sharp, a new study has said. Adults ages 60 and older who took afternoon naps showed signs of better mental ability compared to those who didn’t nap, according to a study published in General Psychiatry earlier this week.Researchers analyzed napping habits in 2, 214 older Chinese people and measured their cognitive abilities using several cognitive tests. Participants took the Mini-Mental State Examination and theBeijingversion of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, both of which test for memory, language and other cognitive abilities. In every category listed in the study, nappers tested statistically higher on average compared to their non-napping counterparts.Researchers did not gather data from people under 60, so a correlation cannot be drawn between napping and younger generations. The study also noted that there are conflicting studies about the benefits and risks of napping.Sleeping behaviors can be affected by a multitude of factors, said Dr. David Neubauer, associate professor atJohnsHopkinsUniversity. “Daily routines, medication use and sleep disorders can all play a role in how frequently someone takes a nap.” he said.Neubauer recommended taking a shorter “power nap” of up to 20 minutes to decrease the chances of transitioning into slow-wave sleep, which makes people feel groggy when they wake up. “Napping can be a healthy part of an older adult’s day”, Neubauer acknowledged, but make sure “sleepiness isn’t due to a treatable nighttime sleep disorder.” Older individuals who want to do all they can to preserve their cognitive functioning should put nighttime sleep first.4. What is the best way to keep a better cognitive ability for the old?A. Take a nap every day.B. Take sleep disorder seriously.C. Have a good sleep at night.D. Do exercise regularly.5. How did the researchers reach the conclusion?A. By taking the examinations and assessment.B. By analyzing napping habits and giving tests.C. By measuring nappers’ ability and analyzing them.D. By doing an experiment.6. Which has NO effect on one’s sleeping behaviors?A. Taking a nap.B. Medicine treatmentC. Sleep problemsD. Everyday activities.7. What can we know about “slow-wave sleep”?A. It appears in short nap up to 20 minutes.B. People should avoid it in their naps.C. It is a healthy part of an elder’s day.D. It was recommended by Neubauer.CChancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne said yesterday he would use the autumn spending review to increase Britain’s￡12bn-a-year aid budget towards humanitarian(人道主义的) causes in the wake of the European refugee(难民) crisis.Britainpromised to spend 0.7 percent of state general product on aid, meaning the budget could rise sharply by the end of the decade as the economy grows.Mr Osborne also said more of the aid budget could be given to help local government with housing costs for incomers, without breaking international guidelines.“We will use the foreign aid budget to help with the costs of these refugees. People ask about the pressure on public services; we’ll have extra money to help with that.”The government was unable to give a figure for how much aid money could be handed to local authorities: it would depend on how many refugees are accepted.David Cameron, Prime Minister, will set out his position on aid for refugees today. It is reported thatBritainwill accept at least 10,000 extra people from camps on theSyriaborder. He will use a statement in the House of Commons to flesh out plans — announced inMadridon Friday — to take more people.A report inThe Sunday Timesthat the UK would take 15,000 Syrians, not far from the 18,000 figure demanded by the EU, was described by “Downing Street” as a “guess”.TheUKwill offer to resettle Syrians directly from refugee camps inJordan,LebanonandTurkey— but not those who have already reached the EU.8. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Britain tried to help refugees.B. People doubtBritain’s kindness.C. Britain tried to explain its behavior.D. Refugees like to live inBritain.9. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?A. Britain’s economy grows rapidly.B. Britain will use little of its money to help refugees.C. Most countries are not willing to help refugees.D.Britainwill use more money to help refugees.10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Britain will use foreign money to help refugees.B. Britain helps refugees following international guidelines.C. Britain will use foreign money to develop themselves.D. People ask to use public service money to help refugees.11. What can we know from the passage?A. Britain can hold 10,000 refugees at most.B. The number of refugees to be received is uncertain.C. House of Commons declare a general plan.D.Britaincan hold 15,000 refugees at most.DWhere do you find beauty? Fashion Magazines? Music Videos? One American photographer is finding beauty in unexpected places. And a new documentary about his work might help change the traditional standards of “who” is beautiful.Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashion photographer to turn his lens to people living with genetic, physical and behavioral differences. He says what changed his perception of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino （白化病）girl.“I was just tired of people telling me who was beautiful. Every season that face would change but I was always told who was beautiful. As an artist, I don't see beauty just on covers of magazines. I see it everywhere. So it was my initial intention that opened my eyes a little wider and wider.” Said Guidotti.Guidotti has created Positive Exposure, a not-for-profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public views and promote a world where differences are celebrated. Guidotti and Positive Exposure are featured in a new documentary called On Beauty.The cast and crew recently hosted a screening at Georgetown University in Washington. One of the women featured in the film is Jayne Waithera. “I never thought I was beautiful because nobody said that to me, but meeting him was my profound moment. I remember that particular day he took my picture and I felt so good like I felt there's somebody who, really loves me and sees me for who I am and who sees me more than my condition.” said Waithera.The documentary is the idea of producer Joanna Rudnick. After seeing Guidotti's photos, she decided to tell his story. Joanna and Guidotti are traveling from city to city to promote On Beauty. “As I travel from community to community, I'm taking photographs and I'm encouraging individuals with a positive sense of who they are. They're seeing beauty in their reflection but I'm also encouraging their families and they in turn are encouraging their communities as well. All is based on the philosophy of change how you see,see how you change.”12. What made Rick change his understanding of beauty?A. A girl diagnosed with albino.B. His job as a fashion photographer.C. The beauty on the covers of magazines.D. Influence from the people working with him.13. What can we infer about Jayne Waithera?A. She showed great interest in taking photos.B. She used to be disappointed at her work and life.C. She was greatly influenced by the experience with Rick.D. She believed Rick was the best photographer in the world.14. Which of the following words can best describe On Beauty?A. abstract and differentB. traditional and academicC. tolerant and encouragingD. creative and interesting15. What's the best title of the text?A. True Beauty In The Eye Of A PhotographerB. Beautiful Or Not Beautiful,That's A QuestionC. Be Who You Are Not Who You Want To BeD. A Different photographer, A Different Magazine第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
四川省成都市温江区七中实验学校2020-2021学年七年级上学期期中数学试题
四川省成都市温江区七中实验学校2020-2021学年七年级上学期期中数学试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．如果零上2C ︒记作2C +︒，那么零下3C ︒记作（ ）A ．2C +︒B ．2C -︒ C ．3C +︒D ．3C -︒ 2．下列四个立体图形中，主视图为圆的是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ． 3．粤海铁路是我国第一条横跨海峡的铁路通道，设计年输送货物能力为11000000吨，用科学记数法应记为（ ）A ．61110⨯吨B ．71.110⨯吨C ．71110⨯吨D ．81.110⨯吨 4．下列哪个图形是正方体的展开图（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．5．下列比较大小，正确的是( )A ．－3＜－4B ．－(－3)＜|－3|C ．－12＞－13D ．1||6- >－17 6．下列说法正确的是( )①有理数包括正有理数和负有理数；②相反数大于本身的数是负数；③数轴上原点两侧的数互为相反数；④两个数比较，绝对值大的反而小；A ．②B ．①③C ．①②D ．②③④ 7．下列判断中，错误的是( )A ．1a ab --是二次三项式B ．22a b c -是单项式C ．2a b +是多项式D ．34R π中，系数是348．已知整式22x x -的值为3，则2246x x -+的值为（ ）A ．7B ．9C ．12D ．189．若323m a b --与12n b a +是同类项，则m 、n 的值分别为（ ）A ．1,1B ．5,3C ．5,1D ．-1,-110．下列图形都是由同样大小的黑色正方形纸片组成，其中第①个图中有3张黑色正方形纸片，第②个图中有5张黑色正方形纸片，第③个图中有7张黑色正方形纸片，…，按此规律排列下去第⑥个图中黑色正方形纸片的张数为（ ）A ．11B ．13C ．15D ．17二、填空题 11．计算：2223-+⨯=______．12．去括号合并：(3)3(3)a b a b --+＝_________.13．12-的相反数是________，－1.5的倒数是________． 14．在数轴上，与原点距离为6的点所表示的数是____．15．多项式12x |m|﹣（m ﹣3）x+6是关于x 的三次三项式，则m 的值是_____． 16．a 、b 互为相反数，c 、d 互为倒数，则()11323a b cd -+--=________． 17．一个几何体，是由许多规格相同的小正方体堆积而成的，其正视图、左视图如图所示，要摆成这样的图形，最少需用___________个正方体．18．已知,,a b c 在数轴上的对应点如图所示，化简a a b c a b c -++-++=__________.19．如图是一个运算程序的示意图，若开始输入x 的值为81，则第2019次输出的结果为 ______.三、解答题20．计算：(1)－4＋2×|－3|－(－5)；(2)－3×(－4)＋(－2)3÷(－2)2－(－1)2 018.21．先化简，再求值：22362(42)31x y xy xy x y ⎡⎤---++⎣⎦，其中1,12x y =-= 22．已知关于x 、y 的多项式x 2y m+1+xy 2–3x 3–6是六次四项式，单项式6x 2n y 5–m 的次数与这个多项式的次数相同，求m+n 的值．23．蜗牛从某点A 开始沿一东西方向直线爬行，规定向东爬行的路程记为正数，向西爬行的路程记为负数．爬过的各段路程依次为（单位：厘米）：－6，+12，－10，+5，-3，+10，-8．（1）通过计算说明蜗牛是否回到起点A ．（2）在爬行过程中，如果每爬1厘米奖励2粒芝麻，则蜗牛一共得到多少粒芝麻？ 24．画出数轴且在数轴上表示下列各数，并把它们按照从小到大的顺序排列：3， ()1--， -1.5，0，2--，132- 25．已知22423A x xy x =+--，22B x xy =-++．（1）请求出36A B +的值.（2）若36A B +的值与x 无关，请求出y 的值.26．如图是由5个相同的小正方体搭成的几何体，已知小正方体的棱长为1．（1）画出它的三视图；（2）求出它的表面积（含底面积）.27．分别用 a ，b ，c ，d 表示有理数，a 是最小的正整数，b 是最大的负整数，c 是绝对值最小的有理数，d 是数轴上到原点距离为3的点表示的数；（1）直接写出 a ，b ，c ，d 的值；（2）求4a 3b 2c d +++的倒数．．. 28．某市居民使用自来水接如下标准收费（水费按月缴纳）（1）某用户一个月用了15m 3水，求该用户这个月应缴纳的水费；（2）设某户月用水量为"n”立方米，当n>18时，求该用户应缴纳的水费(用含n 的代数式表示)；（3）甲、乙两用户一个月共用水36m 3，已知甲用户缴纳的水费超过了20元．设甲用户这个月用水xm 3，直接写出甲、乙两用户一个月共缴纳的水费(用含x 的代数式表示)．参考答案1．D【分析】根据有理数的意义即可求解.【详解】零上2C ︒记作2C +︒，那么零下3C ︒记作3C -︒故选D.【点睛】此题主要考查正负数的意义，解题的关键是熟知有理数的意义.2．B【详解】解：因为圆柱的主视图是矩形，圆锥的主视图是等腰三角形，球的主视图是圆，正方体的主视图是正方形，所以，主视图是圆的几何体是球．故选B ．考点：简单几何体的三视图．3．B【分析】科学记数法就是将一个数字表示成（a×10的n 次幂的形式），其中1≤a ＜10，n 表示整数．n为整数位数减1，即从左边第一位开始，在首位非零的后面加上小数点，再乘以10的n 次幂．【详解】由科学记数法得：11000000＝1.1×107． 故选B ．【点睛】本题考查学生对科学记数法的掌握．科学记数法要求前面的部分的绝对值是大于或等于1，而小于10，小数点向左移动7位，应该为1.1×107． 4．B【分析】根据正方体展开图的11种特征，选项A 、C 、D 不是正方体展开图；选项B 是正方体展开图的“1-4-1”型．【详解】根据正方体展开图的特征，选项A、C、D不是正方体展开图；选项B是正方体展开图．故选B．【点睛】正方体展开图有11种特征，分四种类型，即：第一种：“1-4-1”结构，即第一行放1个，第二行放4个，第三行放1个；第二种：“2-2-2”结构，即每一行放2个正方形，此种结构只有一种展开图；第三种：“3-3”结构，即每一行放3个正方形，只有一种展开图；第四种：“1-3-2”结构，即第一行放1个正方形，第二行放3个正方形，第三行放2个正方形．5．D【分析】根据有理数大小的比较方法进行分析判断即可.【详解】A选项中，因为34->-，所以A中式子不成立；B选项中，因为(3)33--==-，所以B中式子不成立；C选项中，因为1123-<-，所以C中式子不成立；D选项中，因为111667-=>-，所以D中式子成立.故选D.【点睛】熟知“有理数大小的比较方法：（1）正数都大于零，负数都小于零，正数大于负数；（2）两个负数比较大小,绝对值大的反而小”是解答本题的关键.6．A【解析】试题解析：①有理数包括正有理数和负有理数.错误.还有零.②相反数大于本身的数是负数.正确.③数轴上原点两侧的数互为相反数.错误.例如3-和2.④两个数比较，绝对值大的反而小.错误.两个负数,绝对值大的反而小.故选A.7．D【分析】直接利用单项式的系数以及多项式的次数与项数确定方法分别分析得出答案；【详解】A 选项：1−a−ab 是二次三项式，正确，不合题意；B 选项：22a b c -是单项式，正确，不合题意；C 选项：2a b +是多项式，正确，不合题意；D 选项：34R π中，系数是34π，故此选项错误，符合题意； 故答案为D.【点睛】本题主要考查了单项式，多项式的定义，掌握单项式和多项式的定义是解题的关键. 8．C【分析】先把代数式进行适当的变形，然后直接把已知整式代入代数式即可求出代数式的值.【详解】 原式＝222462(2)623+612x x x x -+-+⨯＝＝＝【点睛】本题主要考查整体带入的数学思想，用整体代入方法是本题的解题的关键.9．C【分析】根据同类项的定义(所含字母相同,相同字母的指数相同)列出方程,求出n,m 的值.【详解】∵323m a b -－与12n b a +是同类项,∴m -3=2,2=n+1,∴m=5,n=1.故选C.本题考查同类项的定义,所含字母相同且相同字母的指数也相同的项是同类项.注意同类项定义中的两个“相同”:(1)所含字母相同;(2)相同字母的指数相同.10．B【分析】仔细观察图形知道第一个图形有3个正方形，第二个有5=3+2×1个，第三个图形有7=3+2×2个，由此得到规律求得第⑥个图形中正方形的个数即可．【详解】观察图形知：第一个图形有3个正方形，第二个有5=3+2×1个，第三个图形有7=3+2×2个，…故第⑥个图形有3+2×5=13（个），故选B．【点睛】此题主要考查了图形的变化规律，是根据图形进行数字猜想的问题，关键是通过归纳与总结，得到其中的规律，然后利用规律解决一般问题．11．2【分析】先根据有理数乘方法则进行乘方运算,再根据有理数乘法法则计算乘法,再根据有理数的加法进行计算即可.【详解】2223-+⨯,=-4+6,=2,故答案为:2.【点睛】本题主要考查有理数混合运算,解决本题的关键是要熟练掌握运算顺序和运算法则.【解析】【分析】先去括号，然后再合并同类项即可得.【详解】()()3a b3a3b--+=3a-b-3a-9b=-10b，故答案为-10b.【点睛】本题考查了整式的加减，熟练掌握去括号法则以及合并同类项法则是解题的关键.13．12-23-【分析】根据相反数和倒数的定义进行求解即可. 【详解】解：∵1122-=，31.52-=-，∴12-的相反数是12-，－1.5的倒数是23-，故答案为：12-，23-.【点睛】本题考查了求一个数的相反数和倒数，正确把握定义是解题关键.14．±6【解析】距离原点距离为6的点表示的数有两个，分别在原点左右两侧，为6和-6.故答案为±6.点睛：一般地，设a是一个正数，数轴上与原点距离是a的点有两个，它们分别在原点左右两侧，表示为-a和a，这两点关于原点对称.15．-3由题意可知：|m|=3，且m-3≠0即可作答.【详解】由题意可知：|m|=3，且m-3≠0；∴m= -3；故答案为-3．【点睛】本题考查了单项式与多项式的概念，掌握一个单项式中，所有字母的指数的和叫做这个单项式的次数.多项式中每个单项式叫做多项式的项，这些单项式中的最高次数，就是这个多项式的次数是解题的关键.16．5 6 -【分析】由a、b互为相反数，c、d互为倒数可知a+b=0，cd=1，然后代入求值即可．【详解】∵a、b互为相反数，c、d互为倒数，∴a+b=0，cd=1，∴原式=﹣3×0﹣112⨯﹣13=﹣56．故答案为﹣56．【点睛】本题主要考查的是有理数的运算，根据题意得到a+b=0，cd=1是解题的关键．17．6【解析】【分析】根据主视图、左视图是分别从物体正面、左面看，所得到的图形，画出俯视图即可解决问题．【详解】根据三视图可得：第二层有2个小正方块，根据主视图和左视图可得第一层最少有4个正方体，故最少需用6块正方体；（俯视图如下）故答案为6．【点睛】本题考查了学生对三视图掌握程度和灵活运用能力，同时也体现了对空间想象能力方面的考查．如果掌握口诀“主视图疯狂盖，左视图拆违章”就更容易得到答案．18．a【解析】【分析】根据数轴先确定+a b ，c a -，b c +的符号，再根据去绝对值的方法进行化简.【详解】由数轴可得+a b ＜0，c a -＞0，b c +＜0， ∴a a b c a b c -++-++=a+a+b+c-a-b-c=a故填：a.【点睛】此题主要考查绝对值的应用，解题的关键是去绝对值的方法.19．3【分析】根据运算程序进行计算，然后得到规律：从第3次开始，奇数次运算输出的结果是3，偶数次运算输出的结果是1，然后根据第2019次是奇数次可得出结果．【详解】解：第1次，13×81＝27， 第2次，13×27＝9， 第3次，13×9＝3， 第4次，13×3＝1， 第5次，1＋2＝3，第6次，13×3＝1， …， 依此类推，∵2019÷2＝1009…1， ∴第2019次输出的结果为3，故答案为：3．【点睛】本题考查了代数式求值以及数字类规律探索，根据运算程序计算出前几次的结果，进而得出规律是解题的关键．20．(1)7；(2)9【分析】（1）注意运算顺序，先算乘除再算加减，减去一个数等于加上这个数的相反数，减法变为加法；（2）注意运算顺序，先算乘方再算乘除最后算加减.注意()201811-=，1-的偶次方为1，奇次方为1-.【详解】(1)原式＝－4＋2×3＋5＝－4＋6＋5＝7；(2)原式＝12＋(－8)÷4－1＝12－2－1＝9.【点睛】本题考查了有理数的混合运算，注意：要正确掌握运算顺序，即乘方运算叫做三级运算；乘法和除法叫做二级运算；加法和减法叫做一级运算.在混合运算中要特别注意运算顺序：先三级，后二级，再一级；有括号的先算括号里面的；同级运算按从左到右的顺序.21．2xy-3；-4.【分析】去括号，合并同类项得到最简结果，然后代入求值即可.【详解】解：原式()22368431x y xy xy x y =--+++ 22368431x y xy xy x y =-+--+23xy=-；当1,12x y=-=时，原式12()131342=⨯-⨯-=--=-.【点睛】本题考查了整式加减－化简求值，熟练掌握去括号和合并同类项的法则是解题关键.22．m+n=5【分析】根据多项式次数的定义可得2+m+1=6，求出m=3，然后再根据单项式次数的定义可得2n+5-m=6，求出n=2，问题得解.【详解】解：∵多项式x2y m+1+xy2–3x3–6是六次四项式，∴2+m+1=6，解得：m=3，∵单项式6x2n y5–m的次数也是六次，∴2n+5-m=6，解得：n=2，∴m+n=3+2=5.【点睛】本题考查了多项式以及单项式的有关概念，注意：多项式中次数最高的项的次数叫多项式的次数．23．(1) 回到了起点A；(2)108粒【分析】（1）将各段路程相加，看结果是否为0，为0则回到了起点A；（2）将各段路程的绝对值相加，然后乘以2即可得到结果.【详解】解：（1）-6+12-10+5-3+10-8=0，故蜗牛回到了起点A；（2）（6+12+10+5+3+10+8）×2=108（粒），答：蜗牛一共得到108粒芝麻.【点睛】本题考查了有理数加法的实际应用以及正负数的意义，解题关键是理解“正”和“负”的相对性，明确什么是一对具有相反意义的量．在一对具有相反意义的量中，先规定其中一个为正，则另一个就用负表示．24．数轴及数轴上表示下列各数见解析，()132 1.50132------＜＜＜＜＜【分析】先分别化简各数，再把各个数在数轴上画出表示出来，根据数轴上的数右边的数总是大于左边的数，即可把各个数按由小到大的顺序用“＜”连接起来．【详解】∵()11--=，21--=-，132- ∴在数轴上表示下列各数如图所示：数轴上的点表示的数右边的总比左边的大，得：()132 1.50132------＜＜＜＜＜． 【点睛】本题考查了有理数大小比较，利用数轴上的点表示的数右边的总比左边的大是解题关键． 25．(1) 1863xy x -+ ;(2) 13y =. 【解析】【分析】(1)将A 与B 代入36A B +中,去括号合并即可得到结果;(2)根据36A B +的值与x 的值无关,得到x 的系数为0,即可求出y 的值.【详解】（1）()()22223632423626126966121863A B x xy x x xy x xy x x xy xy x +=+--+-++=+---++=-+（2）原式()18631863xy x y x =-+=-+要使原式的值与x 无关，则1860y -=，解得：13y =． 【点睛】本题考查了整式的化简求值，解题的关键是熟练掌握去括号法则，合并同类项的法则.26．（1）见解析；（2）22S =表【解析】试题分析：（1）利用小正方体堆成的几何体形状得出个数即可；（2）利用三视图求出六个方向的表面积即可．试题解析：（1）如图，（2）表面积为：4+4+3+3+4+4=22.27．（1）a=1,b=-1,c=0,d=3或-3；（2）14或1-2 【分析】（1）根据有理数的相关概念可直接确定a 、b 、c 、d 的值；（2）分情况求4a 3b 2c d +++的值，然后再求其倒数即可．【详解】解：（1）∵a 是最小的正整数，b 是最大的负整数，c 是绝对值最小的有理数，d 是数轴上到原点距离为3的点表示的数，∴a=1，b=-1，c=0，d=3或-3；（2）当d ＝3时，4a ＋3b ＋2c ＋d ＝4×1＋3×（−1）＋2×0＋3＝4， 所以4a ＋3b ＋2c ＋d 的倒数是14； 当d ＝−3时，4a ＋3b ＋2c ＋d ＝4×1＋3×（−1）＋2×0−3＝−2，所以4a ＋3b ＋2c ＋d 的倒数是：12-， 综上所述：4a ＋3b ＋2c ＋d 的倒数是：14或12-． 【点睛】本题考查了有理数、绝对值、倒数的相关知识及有理数的混合运算，题目综合性较强．解决本题的关键是确定a 、b 、c 、d 的值．注意：最小的正整数是1，没有最小的正数；最大的负整数是−1，没有最大的负数；绝对值最小的有理数是0，绝对值是它本身的数是正数和0；倒数是它本身的数是±1．28．（1）35（元）；（2）4n-28（元）；(3)①当10<x≤18时，缴纳的水费为106-x（元）；②当x>18，0<36-x≤10时，缴纳的水费为2x+44（元）；③当x>18，10<36-x<18时，缴纳的水费为x+70（元）.【分析】（1）根据收费标准进行计算即可；（2）根据收费标准列代数式即可；（3）根据甲用户缴纳的水费超过了20元可知甲用户的用水量大于10m3，然后分情况讨论：①当10<x≤18时，则18≤36-x，②当x>18，0<36-x<10时，③当x>18，10<36-x<18时，分别根据收费标准列出代数式即可.【详解】解：（1）10×2+（15-10）×3＝20+15＝35（元），答：该用户这个月应缴纳水费35元；（2）∵n>18，∴该用户应缴纳的水费为：10×2+（18-10）×3+（n-18）×4＝20+24+4n－72＝4n－28（元）；（3）∵甲用户缴纳的水费超过了20元，∴甲用户的用水量大于10m3，分情况讨论：①当10<x≤18时，则18≤36-x，此时共缴纳的水费为：10×2+（x-10）×3+4×（36-x）-28＝106-x（元）；②当x>18，0<36-x≤10时，此时共缴纳的水费为：4x－28+（36-x）×2＝2x+44（元）；③当x>18，10<36-x<18时，此时共缴纳的水费为：4x－28+10×2+（36-x-10）×3＝x+70（元）.【点睛】本题考查了有理数混合运算的实际应用以及列代数式等知识点，正确理解收费标准，针对不同情况分类讨论是解题的关键．。
成都七中实验学校(初中部)2020年初三化学上册期中试题及答案
成都七中实验学校（初中部）2020年化学上册期中试题及答案一、选择题（培优题较难）1．现有 18.6g NaOH 和 Na2CO3固体混合物，已知钠元素与碳元素的质量比 23：3，则原混合固体中含有钠元素的质量为（）A．9.2 g B．6.9 g C．4.6 g D．2.3 g2．下列有关燃烧和灭火说法正确的是A．油锅着火后向锅中放入菜叶目的是降低油的着火点B．家用煤加工成蜂窝煤是力了增大煤与氧气的接触面积C．高层建筑物起火立即乘电梯撤离D．不慎碰倒了酒精灯，酒精在桌面燃烧，用水来灭火3．下列实验操作正确的是A．塞紧橡皮塞B．加热液体C．取用液体D．读出液体的体积4．最近，我国科学家成功合成新型催化剂，将CO2高效转化为甲醇（CH3OH）。
这不仅可以缓解碳排放引起的温室效应，还将成为理想的能源补充形式。
该化学反应的微观过程如下图所示。
下列说法正确的是A．该反应中四种物质均为化合物B．反应前后H元素的化合价不变C．参加反应的甲、乙分子个数比为1:3D．反应前后原子数目发生改变5．2017年10月27日央视财经报道：王者归“铼”，中国发现超级金属铼，制造出航空发动机核心部件。
如图是铼在元素周期表中的相关信息，下列有关说法不正确的是（）A．铼原子的核内质子数为75 B．铼的相对原子质量为186.2gC．铼的元素符号是Re D．铼原子的核外电子数为756．宏观辨识和微观剖析是化学核心素养之一。
下列说法正确的是 ( )A．反应前后元素的种类及化合价均未发生改变B．参加反应的和的微粒个数比是4:3C．反应涉及到的物质中,是由原子构成的单质,只有属于氧化物D．该反应生成的单质和化合物的质量比时3：207．下列图示中的“错误实验操作”与图下面对应的“可能产生的后果”不一致的是（）A．液体喷出B．污染试剂C．酒精溅出D．读数偏大8．碳酸乙烯酯(C3H4O3)可用作锂电池电解液，下列有关碳酸乙烯酯的说法正确的是A．碳酸乙烯酯的相对分子质量为(12×3+1×4+16×3)gB．碳酸乙烯酯中C、H、O三种元素的质量比为12:1:16C．碳酸乙烯酯中C、H、O三种原子的个数比为3:4:3D．碳酸乙烯酯中碳元素的质量分数= ×100%9．下列有关水的说法中正确的是（）A．水与冰块混合得到混合物B．水的蒸发和水通电分解都属于物理变化C．硬水是指含有较多可溶性钙、镁化合物的水D．水沸腾时可冲起壶盖，说明温度升高分子会变大10．以下是实验室制取、收集、干燥、存放气体的装置图，有关说法错误的是A．实验室用双氧水制取氧气，用石灰石和稀盐酸制取二氧化碳均可使用装置②B．实验室收集氧气和二氧化碳均可使用装置③，气体从导管b进入C．实验室干燥氧气和二氧化碳均可使用装置④，气体从导管a进入D．实验室收集的氧气和二氧化碳，均可如图⑤临时存放11．甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质在反应前后的质量关系如图所示，下列有关说法错误的是A．参加反应的甲和乙质量比为2:7 B．丙可能是该反应的催化剂C．丁一定是化合物D．x的值是712．下列实验基本操作错误的A．B．C．D．13．下列实验操作正确的是A．塞紧胶塞B．贮存氧气C．过滤D．吹灭酒精灯14．1869年门捷列夫编制了元素周期表。
四川省成都市七中实验学校2020学年七年级语文下学期期中试题新人教版
四川省成都市七中实验学校2020 学年七年级语文放学期期中试题注意事项：1．本试卷分 A 卷、 B 卷； A 卷总分 100 分， B 卷总分 50 分，全卷总分 150 分。
考试时间 120 分钟。
2．在作答前，考生务势必自己的姓名、准考据号涂写在答题卡规定的地方，考试结束后监考人员只收取答题卡。
3．选择题部分一定使用2B 铅笔填涂，假如需要改正用橡皮檫将错误答案檫干净后再从头填涂答案；非选择题部分一定使用0．5 毫米黑色的署名笔书写，字体工整、字迹清楚。
4．请依照题号在答题卡上各题目对应的答题地区内作答，高出答题地区书写的答案无效；在底稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
5．保持答题卡洁净，不得折迭、污染、损坏等。
A卷(共100分)第I卷(选择题，共24分)一、基础知识 (每题3分，共12分)1．下边加点字注音完好正确的一项为哪一项（）A．厌恶（ zēngè）诘责（jí）震悚（sǒng）．．．．B．愧怍（kuìzu ò）门框（kuāng）晌午(xiǎng)．．．．取消（dì）．门槛 (k ǎn)．C．凝望 (líng)．D．鄙陋（wěi suǒ）．．ào)矜持(j īn ch í)怀恋(niàn)书斋(zāi)．．．粗糙 (zhu ō)惊恐(huáng)笼盖(lǒng zh ．．．．2．以下语句中书写完好正确的一项为哪一项（）A．父亲闲着没什么事可干，又感觉很烦燥。
他那颗很倔的头颅埋在膝盖里半响都没动。
B．有一天夜晚，我们夫妻漫步，经过一个荒辟的小胡同，看见一个破败落落的大院，里面有几间蹋败的小屋。
C．我浸在这繁密的花朵的光芒中，其他全部临时都不存在，有的不过精神的宁静和生的愉悦。
D．但我却选了此外一条路，它荒草凄凄，十分悠寂，显得更诱人，更漂亮。
3．以下语句中加点的成语使用无误的一项为哪一项（）A．看到他这类风趣的表情，坐在身边的一名外国记者忍俊不由地笑起来。
2019-2020学年四川省成都七中实验学校七年级(上)期中地理试卷(附答案解析)
2019-2020学年四川省成都七中实验学校七年级（上）期中地理试卷一、选择题（共25小题，每小题2分，满分50分）1. 人类对地球形状的认识，经历了漫长的过程。
下列认识过程排序正确的是（）①地球卫星照片②天圆地方③麦哲伦船队环球航行④根据太阳和月亮形状推测A.①②③④B.③②①④C.②④③①D.④②①③2. 下列各点中，符合“北半球、低纬度、东半球”三个条件的是（）A.20°E，60°NB.180°，17°NC.0°，26°ND.19°W，15°S3. 在地球仪上，0°代表的意思不可能是（）A.纬线的起点B.赤道C.本初子午线D.北极点4. 东西半球的分界线是（）A.20°N，160°SB.20°W，160°EC.20°N，160°SD.20°E，160°W5. 太阳能直射的最北界线是（）A.23.5°SB.66.5°NC.23.5°ND.66.5°S6. 地球仪上，最长的纬线是（）A.赤道B.本初子午线C.南回归线D.北极圈7. 地球上存在时间差异的原因是（）A.地球是个球体B.地球不透明C.地球在自转D.地球在公转8. 地球上，四季变化比较明显的地区是（）A.热带B.温带C.寒带D.南寒带9. 地球的平均半径是（）A.6378千米B.6371千米C.6357千米D.4万千米10. 南极圈的纬度是（）A.60°SB.23.5°SC.66.5°SD.66.5°N 11. 世界上的最高峰的海拔是8844.43米，它与世界最低洼的死海的相对高度是9236.43米，据此推测世界最低洼地的海拔为（）A.392米B.﹣392米C.0米D.不能确定12. 在1：10000000的地图上，甲地与乙地的图上距离是5厘米，两地的实际距离是（）A.20千米B.50千米C.200千米D.500千米13. 到海南旅游，最好选用的地图是（）A.世界政区图B.中国政区图C.海南省旅游图D.海南省地形剖面图14. 地图上的指向标通常指向（）A.东方B.西方C.南方D.北方15. 有一位建筑师，想要建造一座房子，如果要四面朝北方，应当建在（）A.北极点上B.南极点上C.赤道上D.不能修建16. 在分层设施地形图上，绿色一般代表（）A.平原B.山地C.高原D.丘陵17. 图幅相同的地图，下列比例尺中表示内容最详细的是（）A.1：5000000B.110000000C.五十万分之一D.一百万分之一18. 南北半球的分界线是（）A.赤道B.本初子午线C.南回归线D.北回归线19. 下列关于纬线的叙述正确的是（）A.北纬用字母“S”表示B.地球仪上有无数条纬线C.纬线指示东西方向D.所有纬线长度都相等20. 下列有关经线的叙述正确的是（）A.所有的经线都是圆B.经线的长度有长有短C.经线指示的是南北方向D.经线穿过地心并垂直于纬线21. 地球表面陆地面积占地球总面积的（）A.29%B.39%C.37%D.71%22. 世界最大的大洲和最大的大洋分别是（）A.非洲和太平洋B.亚洲和大西洋C.亚洲和太平洋D.欧洲和大西洋23. 纬度位置最高的大洲和大洋分别是（）A.亚洲和印度洋B.南极洲和北冰洋C.大洋洲和太平洋D.南极洲和大西洋24. 下列地理事物属于亚洲与欧洲分界线的是（）A.苏伊士运河B.乌拉尔山C.巴拿马运河D.红海25. 在等高线地形图上，某处等高线呈弯曲状，若曲线向高处方向凸出时，该处的地形部位应是下列的（）A.鞍部B.山脊C.陡崖D.山谷二、填空题（共4小题，满分10分）26地图的基本要素是________、________和________．27 中国地图与成都地图相比较，成都地图的比例尺________（大/小）、表示的地图范围________（大/小）、表示的内容越________（详/略）。
2020-2021学年四川成都七中实验学校七年级上期中英语试卷
56．A．ChineseB．AmericanC．school
57．A．toB．withC．in
58．A．familyB．fullC．first
59．A．schoolB．phoneC．family
60．A．HerB．He’sC．His
61．A．amB．isC．are
62．A．schoolbagB．pencil boxC．watch
35．A．WhatB．IsC．What's
36．A．IsB．AreC．Do
37．A．/B．aC．an
38．A．amB．isC．be
39．A．orangeB．redC．black
40．A．sayB．meetC．spell
完成对话，在对话空格中填入适当的单词，使对话完整正确。一空一词。 将答案按编号依次填入表格内。（共10小题，每小题1分；计10分）
63．A．erasersB．dictionariesC．watches
64．A．hisB．hersC．mine
65．A．withB．atC．for
五、阅读判断
阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分；计30分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子的正误，正确地写A错误的写B。（共5小题，每小题2分；计10分）。
短文填空。从下面方框中选出10个单词，用它们的适当形式填入短文空格内，使短文意思正确、通顺（每词限用一次）。将答案按编号依次填入表格内。（共10小题,
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成都七中实验学校（初中部）2020年期中单元测试一、选择题1．大雪天车轮打滑，车辆难以前进，交警帮忙向前推车，如图所示，在推车的过程中，关于人和车之间的作用力，下列说法正确的一是（）A ．车对人有向后的力B ．车对人没有作用力C ．人对车的力大于车对人的力D ．人对车的力小于车对人的力2．2018年7月1日，具有完全自主产权的我国加长版“复兴号”动车组正式在京沪线上运行。
一列加长版“复兴号”动车组从上海虹桥站由静止开始做匀加速直线运动，从某节车厢前端开始通过站台上一站立的工作人员开始计时，相邻两节车厢依次通过该工作人员的时间之比不可能是（ ）A ．2：1B ．5：2C ．6：5D ．7：33．如下图所示，两木块的质量分别为m 1和m 2，两轻质弹簧的劲度系数分别为k 1和k 2，上面木块压在上面弹簧上(但不拴接)，整个系统处于平衡状态．现缓慢向上提上面的木块，直到它刚离开上面的弹簧．在这个过程中，下面木块移动的距离为( )A ．11m g kB ．22m g kC ．12m g kD ．21m g k 4．《中国制造2025》是国家实施强国战略第一个十年行动纲领，智能机器制造是一个重要方向，其中智能机械臂已广泛应用于各种领域。
如图所示，一机械臂铁夹竖直夹起一个金属小球，小球在空中处于静止状态，铁夹与球接触面保持竖直，则（ ）A ．若增大铁夹对小球的压力，小球受到的摩擦力变大B ．小球受到的摩擦力与重力大小相等C．机械手臂受到的摩擦力方向竖直向上D．若铁夹水平移动，小球受到的摩擦力变大5．诗句“满眼波光多闪灼，看山恰似走来迎，仔细看山山不动，是船行”中，“看山恰似走来迎”和“是船行”所选的参考系分别是A．船和山B．山和船C．地面和山D．河岸和流水6．一女同学穿着轮滑鞋以一定的速度俯身“滑入”静止汽车的车底，她用15 s穿越了20辆汽车底部后“滑出”，位移为58 m，假设她的运动可视为匀变速直线运动，从上述数据可以确定( )A．她在车底运动时的加速度B．她在车底运动时的平均速度C．她刚“滑入”车底时的速度D．她刚“滑出”车底时的速度7．拿一个长约1.5m的玻璃筒，一端封闭，另一端有开关，把金属片和小羽毛放到玻璃筒里．把玻璃筒倒立过来，观察它们下落的情况，然后把玻璃筒里的空气抽出，再把玻璃筒倒立过来，再次观察它们下落的情况，下列说法正确的是A．玻璃筒充满空气时，金属片和小羽毛下落一样快B．玻璃筒充满空气时，金属片和小羽毛均做自由落体运动C．玻璃筒抽出空气后，金属片和小羽毛下落一样快D．玻璃筒抽出空气后，金属片比小羽毛下落快8．下列各组物理量中，不都是矢量的是（）A．位移、重力B．路程、弹力C．加速度、速度的变化量、速度D．摩擦力、加速度9．“空手把锄头，步行骑水牛，人从桥上过，桥流水不流。
”是《中国诗词大会》某期节目里选用的古诗，从物理学的角度看，其中“桥流水不流”所选择的参考系是：A．水B．牛C．桥D．锄头10．如图所示，一攀岩运动员正沿竖直岩壁缓慢攀登，由于身背较重的行囊，重心上移至肩部的O点，总质量为60kg。
此时手臂与身体垂直，手臂与岩壁夹角为53°，则手受到的拉力和脚受到的作用力分别为（）（设手、脚受到的作用力均通过重心O，g取210m/s，sin53°＝0.8，cos53°＝0.6)A．360N，480NB．480N，360NC．450N，800ND．800N，450N11．在研究机械运动时，下列物体中可以被当作质点处理的是（）A．研究地球的自转运动时，地球可以当作质点来处理B．在大海中航行的船，要确定它在大海的位置时，可以把它当作质点来处理C．研究杂技演员在走钢丝的表演时，杂技演员可以当作质点来处理D．为提高乒乓球运动员球技，研究乒乓球的旋转时乒乓球可作为质点来处理12．如图所示，一个大人（甲）跟一个小孩（乙）站在水平地面上手拉手比力气，结果大人把小孩拉过来了.对这个过程中作用于双方的力的关系，下列说法正确的是A．大人拉小孩的力一定比小孩拉大人的力大B．只有在大人把小孩拉动的过程中，大人的力才比小孩的力大，在可能出现的短暂相持过程中，两人的拉力一样大C．大人拉小孩的力与小孩拉大人的力大是一对平衡力D．大人拉小孩的力与小孩拉大人的力大小一定相等13．汽车以20 m/s的速度在平直公路上行驶，急刹车时的加速度大小为4 m/s2，则自驾驶员急踩刹车开始，2 s与6 s时汽车的位移之比为( )A．1∶3 B．2∶3 C．16∶25 D．4∶514．在变速直线运动中，下面关于速度和加速度关系的说法，正确的是（）A．物体速度变化得越快，加速度一定越大B．速度越大的物体，运动的加速度一定越大C．物体速度的方向和加速度的方向一定相同D．物体速度为零，加速度也一定为零15．关于自由落体运动，下列说法正确的是()A．自由落体运动是一种匀速直线运动B．物体刚下落时，速度和加速度都为零C．古希腊哲学家亚里士多德认为物体下落快慢与质量无关D．伽利略认为，如果没有空气阻力，重物与轻物应该下落得同样快16．做直线运动的位移x 与时间t 的关系为x=5t ＋4t 2（各物理量均采用国际单位制单位），则该质点的初速度和加速度分别是（ ）A ．0、2m/s 2B ．5m/s 、4m/s 2C ．5m/s 、8m/s 2D ．5m/s 、2m/s 217．一个以初速度v 0沿直线运动的物体，t 秒末速度为v t ，其v-t 如图所示，v 为t 秒内物体运动的平均速度，a 表示物体的加速度．在0~t 秒内，下列说法中正确的是：A ．02t v v v +=B ．02t v v v +< C ．a 逐渐增大 D ．有一个时刻的加速度0t v v a t -=18．一个物体从某一高度做自由落体运动，已知它在第1s 内的位移恰为它在最后1s 内位移的三分之一，则高度为（10m/s 2）（ ）A ．15mB ．20mC ．11.25mD ．31.25m19．质点沿直线运动，位移—时间图象如图所示，关于质点的运动下列说法正确的是( )A ．质点2s 末质点改变了运动方向B ．质点在4s 时间内的位移大小为0C ．2s 末质点的位移为零，该时刻质点的速度为零D ．质点做匀速直线运动，速度大小为0.1m/s ，方向与规定的正方向相同20．汽车进行刹车试验，若速率从8m/s 匀减速至零，需用时间1s ，按规定速率为8m/s 的汽车刹车后拖行路程不得超过5.9m ，那么上述刹车试验的拖行路程是否符合规定 A ．拖行路程为4m ，符合规定B ．拖行路程为8m ，不符合规定C ．拖行路程为8m ，符合规定D ．拖行路程为4m ，不符合规定二、多选题21．如图所示，小球沿斜面向上做匀减速直线运动，依次经a、b、c、d到达最高点e。
已知ab=bd=10m，bc=2m，小球从a到c和从c到d 所用的时间都是2s，设小球经b、c时的速度分别为v b、v c，则（）A．v b=29m/s B．v c =3m/sC．cd：de=16∶9 D．从d到e所用时间为5s22．如图所示，不计质量的光滑小滑轮用细绳悬挂于墙上O点，跨过滑轮的细绳连接物块A、B，A、B都处于静止状态，现将物块B移至C点后，A、B仍保持静止，下列说法中正确的是（）A．B与水平面间的摩擦力变大B．A、B静止时，图中α、β、θ三角始终相等C．悬于墙上的绳所受拉力大小不变D．绳子对B的拉力不变23．如图所示，在斜面上有四条光滑细杆，其中OA杆竖直放置，OB杆与OD杆等长，OC 杆与斜面垂直放置，每根杆上都套着一个小滑环(图中未画出)，四个环分别从O点由静止释放，沿OA、OB、OC、OD滑到斜面上所用的时间依次为t1、t2、t3、t4.下列关系正确的是( )A．t1>t2B．t1＝t3C．t2＝t4D．t2<t424．汽车刹车后做匀减速直线运动，经3s后停止，对这一运动过程，下列说法正确的有()A．这连续三个1s32B．这连续三个1s的平均速度之比为3:2:1C．这连续三个1s发生的位移之比为5:3:1D．这连续三个1s的速度改变量之比为1:1:125．物体由A 点静止出发，先做加速度为1a 的匀加速直线运动，到某一最大速度m v 后，立即做加速度大小为2a 的匀减速直线运动到B 点停下，经历总时问为t ，全程的平均速度为v ，以下判断正确的是（ ）A ．最大速度()m 12v a a t =+B ．最大速度m 2v v =C ．加速阶段和减速阶段的平均速度均等于vD ．12、a a 必须满足12122a a v a a t=+ 三、实验题26．在“探究速度随时间变化规律”的实验中，装置如图1所示．从实验中挑选一条点迹清晰的纸带，每5个点取一个计数点，用刻度尺测量计数点间的距离如图2所示，已知打点计时器所用电的频率为50Hz.（1）从图2中所给的刻度尺上读出A 、B 两点间的距离1s =____________cm;（2）在打下D 点时小车的瞬时速度D V =__________m/s （计算结果保留两位有效数字） （3）实验中纸带的______________（填“左”或“右”）端与小车相连接．27．某同学在做“验证力的平行四边形定则”实验时，将橡皮筋改为劲度系数为400N/m 的轻质弹簧AA ´，将弹簧的一端A ´固定在竖直墙面上。
不可伸长的细线OA 、OB 、OC ，分别固定在弹簧的A 端和弹簧秤甲、乙的挂钩上，其中O 为OA 、OB 、OC 三段细线的结点，如图1所示，弹簧秤读数是否需要估读___（填“是”或“否”）；在实验过程中，保持弹簧AA ´伸长1.00cm 不变，若OA 、OC 间夹角为90°，弹簧秤乙的读数是___N （如图2所示），则弹簧秤甲的读数为___N 。
28．打点计时器是高中物理实验中常用的实验器材，请你完成下列有关问题(1)打点计时器是一种____的仪器（填“计时”或者“测位移”）(2)如图甲、乙是两种打点计时器的图片，其中甲是___打点计时器，(3)关于上面两种打点计时器，下列说法中正确的是___A．甲打点计时器使用直流电源，乙计时器使用交流电源B．它们都是使用10V以下的交流电源C．当电源频率为50HZ时，它们都是每隔0.02s打一个点D．乙计时器工作时，纸带运动受到的阻力较小，所以实验误差也较小(4)在研究匀变速直线运动的实验中，小车拖着纸带通过计时器记录下的运动情况如图所示，图中A、B、C、D、E为连续选定的计数点，相邻计数点间的时间间隔是0.10s，标出的数据单位是厘米，则在打C点时小车的速度是___m/s，小车运动的加速度是___m/s2. (5)小文利用打点计时器研究甲和乙两个物体的运动，分别得到2条纸带。