计算机专业英语题目

比较题1.SRAM and DRAM*RAM is short for random access memory.@Static RAM(SRAM) keeps data in the main memory,without frequent refreshing,for as long as power is supplied to the cicuit. SRAM is very fast but it is much more expensive than DRAM and takes more space than DRAM. Dynamic RAM(DRAM) is the most often used RAM in today's computer.DRAM can hold its data if it is refreshed by special logic called the refresh circuit.It is much cheaper and take much less space than DRAM.2.System software and Application software*What is software?Collection of programs is called software .*What is computer softwar?It is defined as the instructions and associated data , stored in electronic format , that direct the computer to accomplish task.*what is the shareware ?Shareware is copyrighted software marketed under a “try before you buy” policy.@Systemsoftware is the stuff that make your computer work.The application software is generally the computer programs which are used for the purpose of performing special tasks using a computer,it trains the PC‟s brain for higher cognitive functions rather than just keeping the PC alive and connected to the other.*Examples about Application Software:(1)Accounting software(2)Collaboratire software(3)Compilers and Interpreters(4)Computers Games(5)Database(6)Educational software(7)E-mailN and W ANLAN:A LAN is a high-speed data network that covers a relatively small geographic area .It typically connects workstations, personal computer, printers, servers, and other devices.W AN:A W AN connect multiple geopgraphically nearby LANs to one another over great geographic distances. The speed available on a W AN waries depending on the cost of the connections and may be low. W ANs opeate using routers , which can “choose ” the most appropriate path for data to take to reacha network node.4.What's the difference between Software Engneering & System Engneering ?@System Engineernig is concerned with all aspects of computer based systems developmentincluding hardware ,software and process engineering.Software Engineering is part of this more general process.5.CRT & LCD@CRT: Calhoole ray lube displays had a standarditool form factor owing to the required shape of heavriy vacuum tubeLCD;Liquid cryslal Displays have a new seirse of style.Free from the bulky shap of CRT,today's flat panel vendors are letting their imaginations run free with monitors that are colourd and shaped to match a design concept.*Advantage of LCD monitor①LCD monitor consume less power②Do not produce electromagnetic radiation as CTRs do③Are right and slim in size④Do not flickers like CRT’s⑤Full viewable size6.Synchronous & Asynchronous@S:you need two separated cables with every clock pulse one data bit is transfermed.A:transmission clock and data are tranfermed with only one cable.7.RISC & CISC@CISC:Complex Instruction Set ComputerIt is microprocessor designIt is used to transulations are complex to machine understand;It is need large memory area;It is very slow in processRISC:Reduced Instruction Set ComputerIt is advanced microprocessor designIt is reduced the complex Set of CISCIt is need minimem-storageIt is very fast to compare with CISC8.Switch & Router@9.Windows OS and Unix OS@Windows OS：Be easily understood.Unix OS:The UNIX OS was desiged to let a number of programmers access the computer at the same time and share its resources.10.Multitasking & Multiuser@Multitasking：Many computers do just one thing at a time ,as anyone who uses a PC laptop can attest. Try logging onto your company …s network while opening your browser and while opening a word processing program .Chances are the processor will freeze for a few seconds while it sorts out the multiple instructions. Multiuser:The same design which permits multitasking permits multiple users to use the computer .The computer can take the commands of a number of users –determined by the design of the computer – to run programs , access files , and print documents at the same time.11.Multitasking & Parallel processing@Multitasking:A single CPU excutes several programs at onceParallel processing:More than one CPU excutes a single program12.3GPL & 4GPL@3GPL：A 3GPL was no longer a need to work in symbolics.Instead,a pogrammer could use a programming language what resembled more to the natural languages.4GPL ：A fourth generation programming language is a programming language designed with a specific purpose in mind such as the development of commercial business software.Y ou can use to build an application without the third generation progamming language.13.Paraller processing and Compilier interpreter@14.switch RL and swich GPL@pare OSI with TCP/IPSimilarities :(1)both have layers(2)both have application layers(3)both have comparable transport and Network layers(4)packet ---switched technology is assumed(5)networking professional need to know both modelsdifferences :(1)TCP/IP combines presentation and session layer functions into its application layer.(2)TCP/IP combines the OSI data link and physical layers into one layer(3)TCP/IP simpler because it has few layers(4)OSI complex because it has multiple layers(5)TCP/IP have 4 layers , but OSI have 7 layerspilers and Interpreters@Compiler:A compiler is a computer program that translate a computer program written in one computer language into a program written in another computer language.Interpreter:An interpreter is a computer program that excutes other programs.简答题1.Field in AI①Games playing:programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers.②Expert system:programming computers to make decisions I real –life situations.③Natual language:programming computers to understand natural human language.④Neural networks:systems that simulate intelligence by attemping to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains.⑤Robotics:programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli .2.Write sth about Quanty Computing？@It was proposed in 1970‟s.It is based on quantum physics,b y taking advantages of certain quantum physics properties of atom or nuclei that allow them to work together as quantum bits or qubits to be the computer processor and memory . 3.Nano technologyIt is a field of science atoms is meant to control individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousand of times smaller them current technologies permit.4.Explain Register & it's type?@Only register can be directly indexed for input or output of an instruction, as defined by the instruction set.Types:Data register: Used to stored integer numbersAddress register: Hold memory addresses and are used to access memory General purpose register: It store data and addressFloating point register: Used to stored floating point numbers.Constant register : It hold read only values zero or one.Vector register : It hold single instruction and multiple data(SIMD).Special purpose register: It stored internal CPU data like stack pointer or processor status wordsInstruction register: the instruction currently being executed by the processer is stored here.5.10 lines about Data W arehouse & Data marts?@Data warehouse:Data warehouses are computer based information systems that are home for "secondhand"data that originated from either another application or from an external system or source.W arehouse optimize database query and reporting tools because of their ability to analyze data.They are a way for managers and decision makers to extract information quickly and easily in order to answer questions about their business.Data marts:It are smaller than data warehouse and genera lly contain information from a single department of a business or organization.The current trend in data warehousing is to develop a data warehouse with sevral smaller related data mats for specific kinds of queries and reports.6.Multimedia@Multimedia as the name suggests is an integration of various medium of communication which include text,graphics,animation,audio,still omages and motion video in a way that provides the user with a high level of control and interaction.Multimedia can be defined as any contains three or more of the following elements:text,still images,animation,sound,video and/or hypertext navigation.7.TCP/IP@TCP and IP were developed by Department of Defence of USA research project to connect a number of different networks designed by different vendors into a network of networks.It delivered a few basic services that everyone needs like file transfer,electronic mail,remote logon across a very large number of client and sever systems.TCP/IP is composed of layers:IP-is reponsible for moving packet of data from node to node.TCP-is responsible for verifying the correct delivery of data from client to server. Sockets-is a name given to the package of sunroutines that provide access to TCP/IP on most systems.8.What's bus and it's type?A bus is an important subsystem in computer architecture which transfers data or power between computer components inside a computer or butween computers.There are two types of bus:parallel bus and serial bus.Something about I/O Bus？9.Something about I/O System instructions?@There are four I/O buses in the modern PC architecture and each of them has several functions.They may lead to internal and external ports or they lead to other controlling buses,The four buses are:ISAPCI-which is the newer high speed multifunction I/O bus.AGP-which is only used for graphices adapter.USB-which is the new low speed I/O bus to replaces ISA.11.What's Internet?@Internet is consists of computers and router they obey the rules which is definited in the network. It allows users to communicate with their friends,to send message to the internet to shall the message.12.Basic Principles of 4GL includes?@(1)The Principle of Minimum W ork(2)The Principle of MInimum Skill(3)The Principle of avoiding alien syntax and mnemonics(4)The Principle of Minimum Time(5)The Principle of Minimum errors(6)The Principle of Minimum Maintenance(7)The Principle of Minimum Results13.Something about SQL?@SQL is short for`Structured Query Languages,which comprises one of the fundamental building blocks of modern database architecture.SQL defines the methods used to create and manipulate relational database on all major platforms.14.Parallel Bus and Serial Bus?Parallel Bus,which carries data words across multiple wires.Serial Bus,which carries data in bit-serial form.15.Features of Unix?@(1)Multitasking capability(2)Multiuser capability(3)Portability(4)UNIX programs(5)Library of applications software16.Something about 5th Generation Computers?@Fifth generation computing devices are based on artificial intelligence.AI includes the following fields:(1)games playing(2)expert systems:programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations(3)natural language:programming computers to understand natural human languages(4)neural netwoks(5)robotics17.What is an Internetwok?@An internetwork is a collection of individual networks,connected by intermediate networking devices.that functions as a single large network.Internetworking refers to the industy,products,and procedures that meet the challenge of creating and administering internetworks.18.ISO and OSI@ISO stands for International Standardization Organization and OSI System Interconnect Reference Model.The ISO/OSI is one of the most important systems architectures for talking about commucations.ISO/OSI is divided into seven layers,the pupose of each layer is to offer certain services to the higher layers.(画7层图)7 layers:(1)physical layer --- transmitting individual bits from one node to the next(2)data link layer --- data representation(3)network layer --- end to end communication(4)transport layer --- provide services from internet layer to application layer(5)session layer --- communication between hosts(6)presentation(7)application layer --- provide some applicationwork : interconnection between 2 or more computerpurpose of network :(1)sharing the file and applications(2)sharing hardware deviceskinds of network :(1)UK JANET (Joint Academic Network)(2)Europe EARN (European Academic Research Network)(3)USA ARPA net (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network )Application of network:(1)resource sharinghardware (computer resource , disks , prints )software (application software )(2)information sharingeasy accessibility from anywheresearch capability(3)communicationEmail , Message broadcast.Types of network :(1)LAN (Local Area Network) network in small geographical area(2)MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) network in a city(3)W AN (Wide Area Network) spread geographical20.URLS@URL stands for uniform resource locatorA URL is the address of document on the computer简写：(1) IC --- Integrated Circuit(2) PC --- Personal Computer(3) CPU ---Central Processing Unit(4) VDU --- Visual Display Unit(5) PCI --- Peripheral Component Interconnect(6) USB ---Universal Serial Bus(7) GUI --- Graphical User Interface(8) OSI --- Open System Interconnection(9) ISO --- International Standard Organization(10) HTTP --- Hypertext Markup Language(11) TCP --- Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol(12) DNS --- Domain Name System(13) FTP --- File Transfer Protocol(14) UDP --- User Datagram Protocol(15) ARP --- Address Resolution Protoco。