分词作状语与定语
分词做定语、状语
Unit 7 Grammar
五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语
1. 分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以表示时间、 原因、条件、让步及附带情况。 2. 若状语从句于主句的主语相同时： 1）去连词 → 2）去主语 → 3）动词变分词 即： 连词+ 主语 + V. …, 主语 + V. → V.ing …, 主语+ V. e.g. If you turn to the right, you’ll find the school. → Turning to the right, you’ll find the school.
Unit 7 Grammar
四、如何将定语从句简化为分词短语 1. 去掉主语的关系代词（who, which, that） 2. 动词改为分词：现在分词→表示“正在，主动” 过去分词→表示“完成，被动” 规律1：n. + who/which/that + v. →n. + v. ing e.g. The book which belongs to Mary is lost. = The book belonging to Mary is lost. There’re many people who live in that village. = There’re many people living in that village.
Unit 7 Grammar
分词作定语
三、现在分词和过去分词作定语 2. 分词作定语置于名词之后时，更强调分词的行为动 作，而非动作的特征和属性。（主被动、时间性） e.g. This is a book written by Lucy. That is a girl writing a letter. I had my car washed. I heard my name called.
分词的构成和句法功能
分词的构成和句法功能
分词是一种词类，通常是由动词、形容词或副词加上-ing或-ed等后
缀组成的。
分词可以在句子中担任很多不同的句法功能，比如：
1.主语：作为主语时，分词可以表示动作的主体。
例如：Running is good exercise.（跑步是一种很好的运动。
）
2.宾语：作为宾语时，分词可以接在及物动词或介词后面。
例如：I enjoy reading.（我喜欢读书。
）
3.定语：作为定语时，分词可以修饰名词。
例如：The crying baby needs to be fed.（那个哭泣的婴儿需要喂食。
）
4.状语：作为状语时，分词可以修饰整个句子或者动词。
例如：Feeling tired, I decided to go to bed early.（感到疲倦，我决定早点睡觉。
5.表语：作为表语时，分词可以表示一个状态或属性。
例如：She is excited about the news.（她对这个消息感到兴奋。
）分词在句子中的句法功能取决于上下文和分词的形式，可以根据需要
在不同的位置发挥不同的作用。
分词作定语和状语-转换为从句
3.They lived in a house facing the south.
They lived in a hoபைடு நூலகம்se that faced south.
I.作定语的现在分词
4.The building being built will be our library. The building which is being built will be our library. 5.John, wearing a dirty coat, ran up to his mum. John, who was wearing a dirty coat, ran up to his mum.
非谓语动词一讲
作定语与状语的分词
分词=现在分词(doing)+过去分词(done)。
现在分词的结构
主动形式
一般式 doing 完成式 having done
被动形式
being done having been done
典型错误
1.Entering the room, nothing strange was found.
And she broke it into pieces.
5.Working hard, you are sure to make it.（条件）
If you work hard,
Turning left, you will find the school.
If you turn left,
IV.作状语的过去分词
III.作状语的现在分词
1.Reading the story, he nodded from time to time.(时间)
分词作定语与状语的用法详解
分词作定语与状语的用法详解一、分词作定语的用法分词作定语，指的是分词在句子中修饰名词或代词，起到定语的作用。
分词作定语可以表示被修饰名词的性质、状态、原因、时间、方式等。
下面分别详细介绍不同形式的分词作定语的用法。
1. 现在分词作定语现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词所指代的事物具有某种性质或正在进行的动作。
例如：- A smiling baby (smiling为现在分词) 一个微笑的婴儿- Running water (running为现在分词) 流动的水2. 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语表示被修饰名词所指代的事物具有某种状态或经历过的动作。
例如：- A broken window (broken为过去分词) 破碎的窗户- The lost key (lost为过去分词) 丢失的钥匙3. 进行时的分词作定语进行时的分词作定语表示被修饰名词所指代的事物正在进行的动作或状态。
例如：- A sleeping cat (sleeping为进行时的分词) 睡觉的猫- The running man (running为进行时的分词) 跑步的人二、分词作状语的用法分词作状语，指的是分词在句子中修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，起到状语的作用。
下面分别介绍不同形式的分词作状语的用法。
1. 现在分词作状语现在分词作状语表示伴随动作、时间、原因、方式等。
例如：- He left the room, slamming the door behind him. (slamming为现在分词) 他离开房间时，砰地关上了门。
- Walking slowly, he enjoyed the beautiful scenery. (walking为现在分词) 他慢慢地走着，欣赏着美丽的风景。
2. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被修饰动词的主语执行动作后的状态或者结果。
例如：- Exhausted by the long journey, she fell asleep immediately. (exhausted 为过去分词) 因为长途旅行累得筋疲力尽，她立刻就睡着了。
英语语法：分词用法详解
【导语】分词也是⼀种限定动词，分为现在分词和过去分词。
它保留着动词的若⼲特征，⼜具有形容词、副词的特征。
分词有时态和语态变化，⼜带有宾语并能被状语修饰。
分词在句中主要作定语、状语⽤，作表语也⼗分普遍。
©⽆忧考⽹整理了相关内容，快来看看吧！希望能帮助到你~更多相关讯息请关注©⽆忧考⽹！ ⼀、分词的作⽤ 分词在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补⾜语等。
1、作定语 分词作定语有两种形式。
它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。
有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。
（1）前置定语 He is a promising young man.? 他是⼀个有前途的年轻⼈。
Make less noise. There's a sleeping child.? 不要出太⼤声⾳，有个孩⼦在睡觉。
We only sell used books.? 我们只卖⽤过的书。
（2）后置定语 The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.? 坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻⼩伙⼦是校园报的编辑。
The bridge built last month needs repairing.? 上个⽉建造的那座桥需要修理。
（3）过去分词作定语有的既可前置也可后置。
如： All the broken windows have been repaired.? 所有坏了的窗户已经修理好了。
All the windows broken have been repaired. （4）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于⼀个定语从句。
如： Those wishing to join this club should sign here.? 想加⼊本俱乐部的⼈在这⾥签名。
? （=Those who wish to join the club should sign here.） The man， having been disturbed so badly， almost lost his memory.? 由于被严重困扰，这个⼈⼏乎失去了记忆。
人教版高中英语必修 4 unit 4语法精讲精练--- 分词作定语和状语
必修 4 unit 4语法精讲-----分词作定语和状语一、作定语。
单个的分词作定语时放在所修饰词的前面，但是如果修饰some/any/no/every+thing/body/one 或者指示代词those时，分词应在其后。
分词短语作定语时应放在所修饰词的后面。
在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.)注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。
例如：I have no teeth left.Anyone swimming will be punished.The question being discussed in the meeting is very important.There are a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.二、作状语。
分词在句中作状语时表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果或让步等，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。
分词用于go doing结构中作目的状语。
分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果与句子主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构形式来表达。
①时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。
现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。
如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。
过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。
分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.After finishing his homework, he went to bed.Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复②原因状语：分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。
分词做定语、状语、宾补、表语
定语现在分词表主动The charming lady happens to be Jion’s sister(这位迷人的女子刚好是约翰的妹妹)表进行The retiring teacher walked into the classroom.(该即将退休的老师步入教室)过去分词表被动The wounded soldier was rushed to hospital.(受伤的士兵被急忙送到医院)表完成The retired soldier died last month.(那位退役军人上个月去世了)状语时间现在分词表主动Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.=When I looked out of the window, I saw some students playing there.过去分词表被动Heated, water will turn into vapour.=When it is heated, water will turn into vapour.原因现在分词表主动Not knowing his address, I can’t write to him.= Since I didn’t know his address, I can’t write to him.过去分词表被动Inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder.= Since we are inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder. 条件现在分词表主动Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.= If you work hard , you’ll surely succeed.过去分词表被动Given more time , we could have done it better.= If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.让步现在分词表主动Although living miles away, he attended the course.=Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.过去分词表被动Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.=Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.伴随现在分词表主动He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.过去分词表被动He came in, followed by his wife.结果现在分词表主动Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.= Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay.过去分词表被动The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, wounded in the head.= The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, so he was wounded in the head.方式现在分词表主动The girl was shocked at the terrible scene, as if walking into a nightmare.=The girl was shocked at the terrible scene,as if she was walking into a nightma re.过去分词表被动He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.=He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.宾补形容词宾补现在分词表主动I think it interesting .(我认为它是有趣的)表进行I found him trembling(我发现他正在发抖)过去分词表被动i found the door closed(我发现门被关了)表完成I found my pen lost.(我发现我的钢笔已经丢了)非形容词宾补现在分词表主动When I open the door, I saw peter kissing mary.(当我打开门,我看到皮特正在亲吻马莉)表进行When I open the door, I saw peter kissing mary.(当我打开门,我看到皮特正在亲吻马莉)过去分词表被动I had my bike repaired.)I had my bike repaired.(我找人把车修理了)表语现在分词表主动The competition is quite exciting.(这场比赛很刺激)表进行I'm retiring after this tour.(这次旅行后我准备退休)过去分词表被动He was interested in the question.(他对这问题感兴趣)表完成We are finished with the work.(我们工作已做完了)注意：作表语的分词均为形容词可作形容词用的分词均可置于联系动词之后作表语。
分词做定语和状语
符合语境和表达习惯
注意语境和语气
分词做定语和状语时，应注意语境和语气，确保表达得 体。例如，“the car driving fast”应该翻译为“开得 很快的车”，而不是“快速驾驶的车”。
符合中文表达习惯
在分词做定语和状语时，应符合中文表达习惯，使读者 更容易理解。例如，“the book recommended by me”应该翻译为“我推荐的这本书”，而不是“被推 荐的这本书”。
分词做定语和状语
• 分词做定语 • 分词做状语 • 分词做定语和状语的比较 • 分词做定语和状语的注意事项 • 分词做定语和状语的练习与思考
01
分词做定语
定语的定义和作用
定语
修饰名词或代词的词或短语，用来描 述名词或代词的性质、特征或属性。
作用
使句子更加丰富、具体，增强表达效 果。
分词做定语的常见形式
01
例子1
02
The book recommended by the teacher is very interesting. （这本书老师推荐的很有趣。） 解析：过去分词 “recommended”修饰名词 “book”，表示这本书是被推 荐的。
例子2
The movie directed by the famous director is popular. （这部电影由著名导演执导很受 欢迎。）解析：过去分词 “directed”修饰名词 “movie”，表示这部电影是被 导演的。
05
分词做定语和状语的练习与思考
练习题
练习1
请将下列句子中的分词做定语和状语的成分标 出。
练习2
请将下列句子中的分词做定语和状语的成分替 换成适当的从句。
练习3