短文填空题型及解题技巧点拨

一、题型介绍

短文填空题型是以阅读理解为基础，综合考查学生对英语词汇、语法、惯用法的理解和运用，并在此基础上，考查学生对整篇文章的分析、判断能力、逻辑推理能力，是一种要求高、难度大、区分度高的题型。其主要形式就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地挖出一些空白，造成信息链的中断，让考生在重新理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个空格做出尽可能合理的分析判断，给出最佳答案，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密。

常考的形式主要有以下几种：1．选择词汇型短文填空；

2.给出首字母短文填空；

3.给出动词型短文填空；

4.在短文的空白处填词型短文填空；

5.看图填词型短文填空。

二、应试技巧

做短文填空题时，通常先要弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能做出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步：

1．通览全文。通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好短文填空题的关键，因为短文填空题的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们应该根据首句给出的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，尽快把全文读完，建立对文章的整体感觉。

2．仔细推敲，初定答案。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上着手答题。答题时要根据文章内容要求，结合文章的主题，综合运用所学的词汇、语法知识，对每个空进行认真分析，反复推敲，从而确定答案。可以从以下几个方面入手：(1)根据上下文语境确定答案；(2)根据惯用法或习惯搭配确定答案；(3)运用逻辑推理判断答案；(4)根据词语用法确定答案；

(5)剖析结构，进行对比推理确定答案。

3．复读检查，消除漏洞。完成所有的空缺后，应再次通读全文，看行文是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复检时，可从语法入手检查时态，主谓一致，代词的性，名词的数、格及词的搭配是否正确。遇到疑点，应根据中心思想，从语义、语法上加以判断。

三、各类短文题型的特点及答题策略

1．选择词汇型短文填空

【题型特点】这类题是把词抽出，打乱顺序，不按原文

的次序排列，有时还增加几个干扰项，要求挑选出正确的词，并用其恰当的形式填入短文的空格内。

【解题步骤】(1)跳过空格，通读全文，初步掌握短文大意。通过阅读，了解文章大意，对语篇进行整体了解，避免断章取义。在匆匆浏览全文时，对生词可先跳过，细读时再理会。

(2)复读全文，初步试填。将有关单词按照个人的初步理解填入空白处，不管具体形式如何，使短文初步成形。

(3)再次阅读，根据句法及词法确定所填词的最终形式，使其符合文章思路。

【典型例题】

阅读下面短文，根据其内容从所给的12个单词或词组中选出10个，并以其适当形式填空。

T-shirts first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. In the early 1900s, they were worn by __1__ in the American navy(海军) under their uniforms. Over the next __2__ decades(十年) more people began to wear them. In 1951, people were impressed deeply __3__ Marlon Brando’s white T-shirt in a film. Then, when James Dean wore a T-shirt in the movie Rebel Without a Cause, T-shirts __4__ became cool. Young people across America started wearing T-shirts as a symbol of __5__ own rebellious(反叛的) feelings.

As the young people of James Dean’s times got __6__, they continued to wear T-shirts. They could have __7__ they wanted print ed on them. There’s nothing rebellious about wearing a T-shirt now, __8__. People of all __9__ wear them.

__10__, the T-shirt is probably the most common piece of clothing in the world. And these days it is OK to wear a T-shirt almost anywhere and anytime.

【答案及解析】试题给出了12个单词和短语，要求从中选出10个填入短文中，而且有的单词需要转换形式。

1.sailors。根据文意应该填表示“某人”的单词，这个词应该是“水手”，sail作动词用，意为“航海；驾(船)”；它的名词形式sailors，意为“水手”。

2.few。在“decades(十年)”的前面应该是个修饰数字的词，选few符合文意。

3.by the sight of。前面是被动语态，后面是“Marlon Brando’s white T-shirt”，填入所给的短语by the sight of符合文意。

4.suddenly。句子的主要成分完整，显然这里应该用个表示“突然”的副词，所给单词中含“突然”意思的只有sudden，是形容词，应该用其副词形式suddenly。

5.their。own前面必须用形容词性物主代词，所给单词中有人称代词they，用它的物主代词形式their即可。

6.older。空格前的got是连系动词，意为“变得”，后面应接形容词作表语。所给单词中剩余的形容词只有old，根据文意，应该用它的比较级形式older。

7.anything。

依句意“他们能够在T恤衫上印上……”，空格处应是表达“任何东西”的词，所给单词中恰有anything。8.however。句子末尾应该是个副词。填“however(然而)”与文意吻合。

9.ages。根据句式结构，People of all后面应该是个名词，组成名词短语作句子的主语。如果用age，则需用它的复数形式ages，表示“各个年龄段的人”，与文意相符。10.In fact。空格是个独立成分，剩余的所给单词in fact，nothing，so that中，选“in fact(实际上)”与文意相符。

2.给出首字母型短文填空

【题型特点】首字母填词是根据句意和已给的首字母，在句子的空白处填上恰当的单词，使句子意思完整、语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解能力。

【解题步骤】(1)通读全文，把握句意。只有文章意思清楚了，才可能根据文意进行合理判断，从而有可能突然产生“灵感”，将断层的信息比较准确地反映出来。

(2)注意精读，反复琢磨。做这类题，有时可根据固定用法判断，有时可通过上下文意思判断。遇到难词时，要根据其前后的句子反复推敲、再三琢磨该词在句中的作用，由此判断出该词的意思。

We asked some teachers to give us the last lesson. The lesson is proverbs(谚语) about friends. Older people __2__

teach proverbs to younger people. Every culture has proverbs. They are short and easy to __3__.

There is a German proverb which says, “Friendship is a plant we must __4__.” It means that we need to take care of friends __5__ taking care of a garden. “Only your real friends will tell you when your face is dirty.” is __6__ proverb from Japan. It means that only __7__ friends tell you when you are making a __8__.

My grandfather told me, “Nobody is so __9__ that he can throw away a friend.”Everyone __10__ friends. Be good to them.

Goodbye, friends! Don’t forget us!

Ⅱ. 阅读下面短文，写出括号中所给词的正确形式，使短文意思完整。

Dolphins are __1__(interest) animals and researchers find them smart. They __2__(have) no hands, but can use tools to solve problems, just like us. There is no evidence that dolphins have a language of their own, but they can understand many sign __3__(language). They can respond(反应) quite

__4__(correct) and quickly. Dolphins live in a very different world, but they are good at __5__(do) our “intelligent(智能的) tests”.

Ⅲ. 动词填空。

(A) 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(必要时可加情态动词或助动词)。

I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. Because of his great achievements(成就), he was thought to be more creative than the average(一般的) person. When he __1__(ask) why he was able to do this, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with his mother when he was about two years old. “I __2__(try) to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling(溢出) the milk all over the floor―a sea of milk! I was frightened and I didn’t know what to do!”he said.

His mother heard the noise and got into the kitchen. “I __3__(consider) how to explain all this to you, Mom,”he said. Instead of __4__(punish) him, she said, “Robert, what a great mess(杂乱) you have made! I __5__(not see) such a huge sea of milk before! Well, since the milk has already been spilled, would you like __6__(play) in the milk for a while? We

__7__(clean) it up after that.”Indeed, he did so. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you __8__(make) a mess like this, finally you have to clean it up.”He used a sponge(海绵) and together they cleaned up the

spilled milk.

His mother then said, “You know, we __9__(fail) in how to successfully carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands just now. Let’s go out in the yard and fill the bottle with water to see if you __10__(discover) a way to carry it.”Then the little boy learned that if he grasped(抓紧) the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.

What a wonderful lesson!

(B) 阅读下面短文，用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

Have you ever heard of Barack Obama? Now he is famous all over the world for becoming the first African-American president.

Barack Obama was born to a black father and a white mother in 1961. While he __1__(study) in high school, he showed much talent in study. After graduating from university, he worked as a lawyer and a teacher. He loves writing. And he __2__(write) some books since 1995. These books are very popular and have helped him earn millions of dollars. He gave away some of the money to charities. He __3__(become) the President of the USA in the year of 2008.

Now the situation in America is worrying. But most of the American people still __4__(have) confidence. They believe

Barack Obama __5__(create) a bright future for them, just as they say, “Change is comin g to America.”

Ⅳ. 阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。

(A)

Reading is an activity people enjoy a lot in their free time.

Some like reading newspapers and o__1__ enjoy novels or comic books(连环画). My f__2__ books are those about the lives of great people. Reading them always gives me a lot of ideas on how to make my o__3__ life better.

Great people are remembered not because they were handsome or beautiful, but because they did not give up

w__4__ their lives were difficult. They tried to use e__5__ chance to change their lives and make the world better.

One good example is Orville and Wilbur Wright, the two brothers w__6__ invented the airplane. The plane has m__7__ the world into a small village. Hard work, not good luck, is the r__8__ why the Wright Brothers could invent this convenient(方便的) machine and become great people. Today we will remember them when we see planes i__9__ the sky.

Whenever I read s__10__ about great people, I always learn a lot from them and they encourage me to march on.

This is why I enjoy reading about great people’s lives.

(B)

Dear Tom,

Are you surprised to hear from me? I have not heard from you s__1__ the beginning of the summer h__2__. How are you getting on with your s__3__? How are your parents? Is your brother Bill b__4__ f__5__ Canada yet?

My stamp collection is g__6__ bigger and bigger. I have collected stamps of more than forty d__7__ countries. In my stamp books, I usually put the stamps from each country together. I have got a pen friend from Britain. She gave me some B__8__ stamps. My American teacher has given me some beaut iful American and Canadian stamps. I’m glad to know you are going to give me some foreign stamps, but I still have not

r__9__ the stamps of Nepal which you said to p__10__ me. Have you sent them off yet?

Please write to me soon.

Yours,

Zhou Wen

[Key:Ⅰ.(A)1.have 2.time 3.spend 4.sea 5.like 6.cool 7.and (B)1.meeting 2.earlier 3.wonderful 4.through 5.stopped 6.our

7.but 8.rooms 9.was 10.soon (C)1.friends/friendship 2.often 3.remember 4.water 5.like 6.another 7.good 8.mistake 9.rich 10.needs Ⅱ.1.interesting 2.have https://www.360docs.net/doc/5a875498.html,nguages 4.correctly

5.doing Ⅲ.(A)1.was asked 2.was trying 3.am considering

4.punishing

5.haven’t seen

6.to play

7.can/will clean

8.make

9.failed 10.can discover (B)1.was studying 2.has written

3.became

4.have

5.will create/is going to create Ⅳ.(A)1.others 2.favorite 3.own 4.when 5.every

6.who

7.made

8.reason

9.in 10.stories (B)1.since 2.holidays 3.sister/sisters 4.back 5.from 6.getting 7.different 8.British 9.received 10.post]

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