高中英语语法(句子成分和句型结构)
Unit 15 句子成分和句型结构
【高考考点透析】
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。
3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。
一、句子的成分
构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，同位语。它们可以由单词来担任，也可以由词组，以及句子来担任。
（一）主语：主语是一个句子中所要表达，描述的人或物，是句子的主体。主语可以由名词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词，名词化形容词，分词，从句，短语等来担任。
The book is on the desk.
I get an idea.
Two and two are four.
Smoking is bad to health.
(二) 谓语：谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处于什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任，一般放在主语的后面。
The child has been brought up by his mother.
She speaks English fluently.
(三) 表语：表语是用来说明主语的性质，身份，特征和状态。表语须贺连系动词一形容词作用的词和起构成句
子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词，形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词或短语担任。
These desks are yellow.
We are happy now.
She is ten.
(四)宾语：宾语是谓语动词动作所涉及的对象，它是动作的承受着，宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。
I saw a cat in the tree.
He said he could be here.
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，其中一个宾语多指人，另一个宾语指物，指人的宾语叫做间接宾语，指物的宾语叫做直接宾语，可以带两个宾语的动词有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell 等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面，但间接宾语前须加“to”。
My father bought me a book.
Please give the letter to Xiao Li.
有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外，还需要加上宾语补足语，否则意思不完整，它们一起构成符合宾语，符合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，这也是判断是两个宾语还是符合宾语的依据，宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。
We all call him Lao Wang.
We found the little girl in the hill.
(五)定语：用于描述名词，代词，短语或从句的性质，特征范围等情况的词叫做定语，定语可以由名词，形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词，短语担任。如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面，如果是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面。
That is a beautiful flower.
The TV set made in that factory is very good.
(六)状语：说明事物发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，结果方式，条件或伴随情况，程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词，短语以及从句来担任。
We went to the countryside last year.
We study hard for our country.
I’m late because I missed the bus.
二、句子的分类
（一）两种句子分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; D on’t talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
三、简单句的五种基本句型
Ⅰ 主语+系动词+表语：e. g. He is a student.
Ⅱ 主语+不及物动词：e. g. We work.
Ⅲ 主语+及物动词+宾语：e. g. Henry bought a dictionary.
Ⅳ 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e. g. My father bought me a car.
Ⅴ 主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e. g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
Ⅰ主语+系动词+表语Ｓ│Ｖ（系动词）│ Ｐ
在这一句型中，动词是系动词，划线部分为表语。
Eg. 1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词作表语)
2. Gradualy he became silent. (形容词作表语)
3. She remained standing for a hour. (现在分词作表语)
4. The question remained unsolved. (过去分词作表语)
5. The machine is out of order. (介词短语作表语)
6. The television was on. (副词作表语)
7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. (动词不定式作表语)
8. My job is repairing cars. (动名词作表语)
Exerciseⅰ划分下列句子成份
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The troub le│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
Ⅱ主语+不及物动词Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词）
Eg. 1. The sun is rising.
2. I’ll try.
3. Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)
4. The engine broke down.
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：
1). 学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________
2). 她再次向我道歉。 _______________________________________
3). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _____________________________________
补充: 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。
常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing 等。例如：
4). Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants lead a happy life.
_______________________________________________________________________。
5). I dreamed a terrible dream last night. __________________________________________。
6). Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.
______________________________________________________________________。
7). He died a glorious death. _____________________________________________________。
Exerciseⅱ划分下列句子成份
1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢？
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
Ⅲ主语+及物动词+宾语Ｓ│Ｖ（及物动词）│ Ｏ
在此句型中，动词为及物动词，划线部分为宾语。
Eg.1. Do you know these people (them)？(名词或代词作宾语)
2. I can’t express myself in English. (反身代词作宾语)
3. He smiled a strange smile. (同源宾语)
4. We can’t afford to pay such a price. (不定式作宾语)
5. Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词作宾语)
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：
1) 我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.
2) You place me in a difficult situation.________________________________________。
3）They finally managed to get along with us. _____________________________________。
4）They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。
5）I don’t like being treated like this.________________________________。
Exerciseⅲ划分下列句子成分
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │t o help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好！"
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
Ⅳ主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人）│ Ｏ（多指物）He told us a story. 他给我们讲了一个故事。
I’ll ask how to get there. 我去问怎样到那里。
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：
1）Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday present.
昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
2) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.
___________________________________________________。
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：
A. 动词＋直接宾语＋ for sb.；
B. 动词＋直接宾语＋ to sb.。
3) Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____. 请把你的画给我看一下。
4) I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart. ==
I'll offer ____ _________ ____________ _______ ________ as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。
Exerciseⅳ划分下列句子成份
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片。
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
Ⅴ主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语）│ Ｃ（宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
Eg.1. He found his new job boring. (形容词作宾补)
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词作宾补)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语作宾补)
4. We went to here house but found her out. (副词作宾补)
5. What do you advise me to do？(不定式作宾补)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (tobe作宾补)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式作宾补)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式作宾补)
9. Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式作宾补)
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词作宾补)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词作宾补)
注意：在这个结构中，可以出现用it作形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2. I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
Exerciseⅴ划分下列句子成份
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色。
3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。
5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想？
6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去。
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
【并列句的相关知识要点】
什么样的句子是并列句？
如果句子包含有两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构,就是并列句。并列句由并列连词连接两个或几个句子, 是对等关系, 没有主从关系。使用并列句时要特别注意连词的特性。
Reference:
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…, but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。
Think it over, and you will find a good idea.
not only…but also…连接两个句子时，not only后面的句子要采用部分倒装。
Not only is he interested in biology, but also his children begin to show interest in it.
(不仅他对生物感兴趣，而且他的孩子们也开始感兴趣了。)
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise，or else等。
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
（快点，否则你就会错过火车的。）
3、表示转折或对比关系时，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, nevertheless, while(而，然而)等。Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.
(马丽是个好女孩，但是她有个缺点。)
I like English while she likes Chinese.
(我喜欢英语，而她喜欢汉语。)
However 表示“然而，可是”之意，可放于句首，句中，或句尾，且与句子之间要用逗号隔开。
He said it was so; he was mistaken, however.
(他说是这样的，然而他是错误的。)
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,, therefore, thus等, 但therefore 较为正式。
August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
（秋天是一年收割稻谷的时候，因此我从早忙到晚。）
5、表示解释关系，常用的连词为for, 主要是对前面的句子加以解释或说明。
Leaves are turning yellow, for it is now autumn.
（树叶现在正变黄，因为是秋天到了。）
注意:①并列句有时不用连词，而用分号隔开，如：
We fished all day; we didn’t catch any fish.
我们钓了一天的鱼，一条鱼也没钓着。
②在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中，当前后两部分为承接关系时用and；前后意思为相反关系时用or,/otherwise。但有时此结构可变为：名词词组 +and/or +简单句.
One more week, and we will accomplish the task.
再有一周，我们就能完成任务。
练习
A: 基础练习
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、判断下列句子是简单句还是并列句
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
3. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
4. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
5. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
Keys:
一．
1、主语，定语；
2、间接宾语；
3、谓语，状语；
4、定语；
5、状语，状语；
6、定语，表语；
7、宾语，状语；
8、谓语，主语；
9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；
20、表语
二．
1、简单句；
2、复合句；
3、并列句；
4、并列句；
5、并列句；
6、简单句
B: 巩固练习
一．单选。
1
( ) 1.I help him___ he helps me. We help each other .
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. though
( ) 2 ___ he ___ I am a doctor.
A. Both; and
B. Either; nor
C. Neither; nor
D. Neither; and ( ) 3 Some of us would like to act the story ___ it isn't finished yet.
A. but
B. and
C. though
D. so
( ) 4 One more week, ___ we will finish the task.
A. or
B. so that
C. and
D. if
2
( ) 1 "The ground must be just right ___ too wet ___ too dry.
A. either; or
B. both; and
C. between; and
D. neither; nor ( ) 2 Sam was ill yesterday, so he___ his homework.
A. didn't
B. not did
C. didn't do
D. didn't did
( ) 3 Sorry, there's only one seat left. ___ you___ she can have it.
A. neither; nor
B. Either; or
C. Both; and
D. Not; but
( ) 4 He ____ coffee at all. He ___ tea.
A. doesn't like, prefers
B. likes, doesn't prefer
C. would like, not prefers
D. prefers, is not food of
( ) 5 We ___ happy about the price of meat.
A. don't
B. are not
C. won't
D. weren't being
( ) 6 You___ make such mistakes again.
A. should never
B. should not always
C. would always not
D. would not forever
3
( ) 1 I ___ trouble finding the place.
A. didn't have many
B. haven't a great deal of
C. didn't have much
D. hadn't a lot of
( ) 2 ___ of us likes the film.
A. Both
B. All
C. Neither
D. Some
( ) 3 Which sentence is right?
A. I don't think that he is not right.
B. I think he is not right.
C. I don't think that he is right.
D. I think he was not right.
( ) 4 They are ___ young ___ carry the box onto the table.
A. enough; too
B. too; to
C. so; to
D. very; to
( ) 5 They___ lunch at home every day.
A. have not
B. didn't have
C. don't have
D. have not any
4
( ) 1 Tom is ___ than John.
A. not cleverer
B. no clever
C. clever
D. not clever
( ) 2 The two girls are only two years old. This girl is ___ than that one.
A. no taller
B. as tall
C. so tall
D. more taller ( ) 3 Some apples are ___ than these oranges.
A. no bigger
B. big
C. small
D. much big
5
( ) 1 On Sundays we___ lessons.
A. don't have any
B. have not
C. have any
D. are not any ( ) 2 Last week we ___ a meeting, for we had a lot of work to do.
A. had not
B. didn't have
C. had not a
D. don't have any ( ) 3 We always keep our classroom clean. So we ___ clean it every day.
A. don't have -
B. don't have to
C. have not
D. have not to 6
( ) 1 Yesterday he ___ some reading at home.
A. does
B. didn't
C. didn't do
D. had
( ) 2 They failed, because they___ their best.
A. didn't
B. didn't do
C. tried not
D. tried
( ) 3 The recycled water___ harm to us.
A. do
B. is
C. doesn't do
D. isn't
7
( ) 1 ____more clothes, for it's very cold outside.
A. Put on
B. Wearing
C. To put on
D. Putting on
( ) 2 ___ late for class again." said the teacher.
A. Not to be
B. Not be
C. Don't be
D. Won't be
( ) 3 ___ late for school tomorrow.
A. Be not
B. Won't be
C. Not be
D. Don't be
( ) 4 Please ___ for me under that big tree.
A. wait
B. waits
C. waited
D. waiting
( ) 5 ___! There is a little time left.
A. Hurry to
B. Hurry off
C. In a hurry
D. Hurry up
8
( ) 1 He is ill. Let ___ at home for a few days.
A. he stay
B. him stay
C. him to stay
D. him not stay ( ) 2 The bell is ringing. ___ return into the classroom.
A. Let him to
B. Let's
C. Let they
D. Let us to
( ) 3 It is getting dark. Our teacher___.
A. lets us to go home
B. lets us go home
C. let us go to home
D. let we go home
9
( ) 1 ___ she sings!
A. What beautiful
B. How beautiful
C. What beautifully
D. How beautifully
( ) 2 ___ proud he is!
A. What a
B. What
C. How a
D. How
( ) 3 ____fine day!
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
( ) 4 ___ easy job he is doing!
A. What a
B. What an
C. What
D. How
( ) 5 ___ wonderful weather it is!
A. What a
B. What
C. How a
D. How
( ) 6 ___ friendly she is to everyone!
A. What a
B. What
C. How a
D. How
10
( ) 1 -Have you seen the film?
-No, ___.
A. I don't
B. I haven't
C. I isn't
D. we didn't
( ) 2 -Can you speak English?
-Yes, ___.
A. we can't
B. we could
C. we can
D. we will
( ) 3 -Are there any trees in the park?
-Yes, ___.
A. are
B. they are
C. there are
D. there is
二．分析下列句子分别属于五种简单句基本句型中的哪一种，并划出其主要的句子成分1. He fell in love.
2. Who cares?
3. The trouble is that they are short of money.
4. What he said does not matter.
5. They talked for half an hour.
6. The pen writes smoothly
7. They ate what was left over.
8. He brought you a dictionary.
9. His face turned red.
10. He said "Good morning."
11. They found the house deserted.
12. What makes him think so?
13. He denies her nothing.
14. Everything looks different.
15. Our well has gone dry.
16. He is growing tall and strong.
17. I want to have a cup of tea.
18. I gave my car a wash.
19. He asked me to come back soon.
20. He showed me how to run the machine.
21. I told him that the bus was late.
22. He admits that he was mistaken.
23. I showed him my pictures.
24. We saw him out.
25. I saw them getting on the bus.
Keys:
一．单选
1. BCCC
2. DCBABA
3. CCCBC
4. CAA
5. ABB
6. CBC
7. ACDAC
8. BBD
9. DDBBBD 10. BCC
二．
1. 主语+系动词+表语
2. 主语+不及物动词
3. 主语+系动词+表语
4. 主语+不及物动词
5. 主语+不及物动词
6. 主语+不及物动词
7. 主语+及物动词+宾语
8. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
9. 主语+系动词+表语
10. 主语+及物动词+宾语
11. 主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）
12．主语+及物动词+宾语
13. 主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）
14. 主语+系动词+表语
15. 主语+系动词+表语
16. 主语+系动词+表语
17. 主语+及物动词+宾语
18. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
19. 主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）
20. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
21. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
22．主语+及物动词+宾语
23. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
24. 主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）
25. 主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）
C：拓展练习
一、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are very well（）. I'm fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden （）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. It's great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat —too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）.
二．Translation: Put these Chinese sentences into English and try to analyze the elements
1. 我爱中国。
2.我是一个中国人。
3.昨天我看见了他。
4.上次我在北京遇到了一个老朋友。
5.秋天是一年收割稻谷的时候，因此我从早忙到晚。
6.努力学习，不然你难以实现自己上理想大学的愿望。
7.天亮了，小鸟在歌唱。
8.昨晚上我去李大爷家时，他在给孙子们讲故事。
9.大多数中国父母都希望自己的子女有出息。
10.我发现很难和那些固执己见的人合作。
keys：
一．
I hope you are very well（复合句）. I'm fine, but tired（简单句）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month here（简单句）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并列句） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（简单句）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（复合句）. But he employs more men for the harvest（简单句）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（简单句）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（简单句）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（简单句）. Every evening we pump water from a well（简单句）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（简单句）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（简单句）. These parties often make us very happy（简单句）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（简单句）. It's great（简单句）! Americans eat a lot of meat —too much in my opinion（简单句）. Some of my friends drink beer（简单句）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（复合句）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（简单句）. There are five different time areas in the States（简单句）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（简单句）. How many different time areas do you have in China（简单句）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（简单句）. Please give my best regards to your parents（简单句）.
二．
1. I love China.
2. I’m a Chinese.
3. I saw him yesterday.
4. I met an old friend in Beijing last time.
5. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
6 Study hard, otherwise/ or it is hard for you to realize your dream to enter an ideal collage.
7. It’s broken, for the birds are all singing.
8. When I went into Grandpa Li’s home yesterday evening, he was telling a story to his grandsons.
9. Most Chinese parents wish their sons or daughters to be promising children.
10.I find it hard to cooperate with those people who stick stubbornly to their opinion
英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳
英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：S V（主＋谓） 二：S V P（主＋系＋表） 三：S V O（主＋谓＋宾） 四：S V O O（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：S V O C（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型：S V （主+谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. A. the game had begun B. the game began
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.
1.高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语
高中英语语法通霸1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”） 状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同） 考点1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich） 在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are) 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health.
英语句子成分 五大句型 There be结构 及相关练习
英语句子成分五大句型There be结构及相关练习 一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五大基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五大基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五大基本句型形式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 3. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 4. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 5.Two days passed. 两天过去了。 6.Winter is coming . 冬天快要来了 常见不及物动词归纳 表“来往走动”：come go arrive walk run stay 表“看、听”：look listen 表“坐立”：sit stand 表“出现”：appear disappear 表（人生)“起伏”：succeed fail die fall rise 表“发生”：happen occur 表“同意”：agree disagree 常见不及物动词词组归纳 take place 发生break out 爆发turn out 结果是;证明是 lose heart 灰心go on 继续come true 实现fall asleep睡着break down发生故障，垮掉（身体或精神）come over过来；顺便来访 drop by (顺便拜访) fall behind （落后） Come over any time，I’m always in. 请随便什么时候来坐坐,我总在家。The evening party will take place on New Year’s Eve. 晚会将在除夕那天举行。 It turns out to be a good idea. 结果证明这是个好主意。 My car broke down halfaway 我的车半路抛锚了 Work hard,or you’ll fall behind. 特别注意：S + Vi + adverbial ( 副词作状语)
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17
(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17
A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17
2019精选教育高三一轮复习高中英语语法必备句子(含答案).doc(最新整理)
背诵这些句子，英语语法再也不用愁了！ It句型 1. It is/has been 3 years since he got married. 他结婚3年了。 2. It will be 3 years /a long time before everything returns to normal. （将）要3年/很长时间一 切才恢复原状。 3. It was 3 hours before the fire was put out. 过了三个小时大火才被扑灭。 4. It won’t be long before he comes back. 不会要很久他就会回来的。 5. It/This is/was the first(second) time (that) I have been/had been here. 这是我第一（二）次我 来 6. It makes no difference to me when the sports meeting will be held. 运动会什么时候举行对我说无关紧要。 7. Two many students find it difficult to get into the classroom on time in the morning. 太多学生觉得早上按时到校很难。 9. It was Oct 1st, 1949 when PRC was founded. 中华人民共和国成立的时间是 10. It was on Oct 1st, 1949 that China was founded. 中华人民共和国就是在1949年10月1日 成立的。 虚拟语气 11. If I were you, I wouldn’t help him. 如果我是你，我就不会帮他。（与现在） 12. If it were to rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go for the picnic. If it should rain… If it rained …如果明天下雨，我就不去野餐。（与将来） 13. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你早一点来你就会遇上他了。（与过 去） 14. (How)I wish I knew the answer now, but I don’t know. 我希望我现在知道答案。（wish） 15. (How)I wish I had known the answer, but I didn’t know. 我希望我当时知道答案，但我不知道。 （wish） 16. I would rather you had finished your homework. 我宁愿你已经完成了作业。（would rather） I would rather (that) you came to see me tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来看我。 I would rather (that) you left now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。 17. If only I had been to Beijing. 要是我去过北京就好了。（if only） 18. If you had taken/followed the doctor’s advice, you would recover now. 如果你听了医生的劝告，你现在就康复了。（混用） 19. He suggested that we (should) put the meeting forward. His accent suggested that he came fro m Hubei. 他建议我们提前开会，他的口音暗示他来自湖北。（宾从中虚拟与陈述） 20. What is required at the meeting is that the night school (should)be set up by October 1. 会议上提出的要求是夜校要在10月1号前建立。 21. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. 他在进球之前犹豫了一下，要不然，球就进了。 情态动词
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解和练习试题
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语＋不及物动词She came．. ?主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. ?主语＋系动词＋主语补语 ?She is happy． ?主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ?She gave John a book． ?She bought a book for me. ?主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry． ?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?（There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 ?名／代－－动词－－名／代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表 ?名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.
?相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： ?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 ?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 ?如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 ?如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词解析
动名词 《语法讲解》 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语 1）直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 式）。 3）动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。 （二）、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？ *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语 *能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,
高中英语必备语法(精华版)
高中英语语法 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语 .宾语 .表语 .同位语 .介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 .宾语从句 .表语从句和同位语从句。一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… It appears that…似乎… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… It is said that…据说… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 （1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
五种基本句型及句子成分分析
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词： 一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语） 谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F．定语（Attribute）定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ｓsister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G．状语（Adverbial）用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分： 1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2．I have a lot to say on this matter. 3．Please give me some advice. 4．She is quite all right now. 5． A lonely person is always alone. 6． A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
2021-2022年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态
2021年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。《xx年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived；第71题（短文改错）考查了think变为过去时thought；第75题（短文改错）考查了被动语态，删掉been；第79题（短文改错）考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将过去时had变为现在时的have；77题（短文改错）考查了将using变为被动used。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。 各种时态构成表：（以do为例）
一、一 般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：car ry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches， finish→finishes
《高中英语语法汇总》最全、最实用
《高中英语语法大全》 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙
(完整版)高中英语语法总结大全-句子的种类
高中英语语法总结大全之句子的种类 句子的种类 （一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实） The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。 （说明看法） 2）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ b.特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）： Where do you live?你住那儿？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？ c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）： He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？ 3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如： Sit down, please.请坐。 Don't be nervous!别紧张！ 4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如： What good news it is!多好的消息啊！ （二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： 1）简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结
英语句子成分和句型结构
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） ★（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，