英语专业考研基础英语练习题(二)

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考研英语基础测试卷2

考研英语怎么复习？在考研复习中，复习资料的选择至关重要。

中公考研辅导老师为考生整理了【考研英语知识点讲解和习题】，同时可以为大家提供名师考研英语视频、考研英语复习资料、考研英语真题和考研英语辅导等，助您冲击名校！考研英语能力评估试卷考试时间：180分钟考生姓名：Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Chinese computer maker Lenovo, which bought IBM’s ThinkPad in 2004, wasn’t the first Chinese company to __1___ a big foreign brand, but it’s still considered the __2___. That’s probably ___3__ China’s other forays into（尝试）buying foreign brands have ended in disaster.A (An) ____4_ by a private Chinese company to __5___ a once-dominant U.S. lawn mower company, ended in bankruptcy because, among other mistakes, the Chinese firm didn’t realize that Americans __6___ buy mowers mostly in the spring.___7__ Lenovo’s move was portrayed by many in the West___8__ a sign of China’s rise, Lenovo acted out of desperation, said Yang Yuanqing. Lenovo was losing market share in China. Its technology was middling. It had no __9___ to foreign markets. Lenovo’s American competitors __10___ anti-Chinese flames in Congress, __11___ that Lenovo could __12___ spyware into the computers it was selling to the U.S. government.Lenovo __13___ by following the lead of an increasing number of Chinese firms: returning toits roots. Yuan Yuanqing was reappointed its chief executive and focused Lenovo __14___ the company’s one bright spot: the China market. Sales _15____, despite lackluster performance overseas. Lenovo might not have much of a brand overseas, __16___ its association with a foreign firm has helped it in China. Lenovo’s computers_17____ command twice the price in China that they __18___ in the United States. Chinese officials pushing the going-out strategy have looked at Lenovo as a __19___ for Chinese firms seeking to become known multinational brands. But for China’s companies, going out might be the _20____ to staying alive at home.1. A. demand B. require C. acquire D. request2. A. pioneer B. successor C. loser D. marker3.A. because B since C. why D. how4. A. test B. experiment C. trial D. move5. A. take in B. take off C. take over D. take out6. A. tend to B. must C. ought to D. likely to7. A. Although B. If C. When D. What8. A. for B. on C. as D. like9. A. available B. access C. option D. choice10. A. aggravate B. mitigate C. deteriorate D. fan11. A. charging B. accusing C. insulating D. asserting12. A. insert B. uninstall C. fix D. delete13. A. respond B. behave C. answer D. conduct14. A. for B. as C. on D. at15. A. decreased B. slumped C. skyrocketed D. raised16. A. and B. in addition C. but D. furthermore17. A. routinely B. in all C. above all D. after all18. A. are B. do C. be D. have19. A. model B. image C. prototype D. duplicate20. A. way B. choice C. best D. secretSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1This summer a made-for-TV movie about a tornado carrying man-eating sharks was a surprise hit in America. The unreasonable plot of “Sharknado” may strike a chord with media bosses who have watched the internet destroy their business over the past decade. Newspapers have lost readers and advertising to the internet. Book and music shops have closed for good. Sales of DVDs and CDs have decreased. The television industry has so far resisted big disruption but that has not stopped doomsayers predicting a flight of advertising and viewers.In 2008 Jeff Zucker, then the president of NBCUniversal, a big entertainment group, felt great sorrow over the trend of “trading analogue dollars for digital pennies”. But those pennies are starting to add up. And even Mr Zucker, now boss of CNN Worldwide, a TV news channel, has changed his tune. Old media is “well, well beyond digital pennies,” he says. What has changed his mind? The surge in smartphones, tablet computers and broadband speeds has encouraged more people to pay for content they can carry around with them. According to eMarketer, a research firm, this year Americans will spend more time online or using computerised media than watch ing television. “All-access” services, such as Netflix (for film and TV) or Spotify (for music), which give unlimited content on mobile devices for a monthly fee, are prompting people to spend more on digital products.After years of havoc, the internet is helping media companies to grow. PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC), a professional-services firm, reckons that revenues for online media and entertainment will increase by around 13% a year for the next five years. Even in music, which took the biggest hit from the internet, downloads are something to sing about. For the first time in over a decade global music-industry revenues grew last year, by about 0.2%,according to the IFPI, a trade group. Online sales just about made up for the drop in physical ones for the first time. Subscription services, such as Spotify and Deezer, let people stream songs over the internet either for a subscription or free with adverts. Online radio is also growing. On-demand and radio streaming services raked in abo ut $1 billion, 15% of the industry’s revenues in America in 2012.The fear that streaming would influence downloads is seemingly misplaced. Tiny sums—ten plays bring in around four cents for on-demand streaming and much less for radio—are adding up as more people try out the services, and listen to their favourite songs repeatedly. Mobile-phone companies offering subscriptions with bundled music services, like Vodafone in Britain with Spotify, will help to boost payouts. “Streaming is a good business that w ill eventually become a really big business,” says Troy Carter, Lady Gaga’s manager. There is also evidence that streaming could reduce piracy, by offering a cheap, legal and convenient way to listen to music.21. Why the author mentioned the made-for-TV movie about a tornado in the first paragraph?A. Because the movie caused a surprise hit in America.B. Because the author loved it very much.C. Because the unreasonable plot of “Sharknado” struck a chord with media bosses.D. Because media companies took a battering from the internet which was irrational just like the plot of the movie.22. Why did Mr. Zucker chang his mind?A. Because he felt sorrow at the trend of “trading analogue dollars for digital pennies”.B. Because old media could only bring a few pennies.C. Because people were encouraged to spend more on digital products.D. Because he was promoted from the president of NBC Universal to the boss of CNN Worldwide.23. The word “havoc” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _____.A. damageB. growthC. hard workD. preparation24. What is the attitude of the author towards streaming?A. SupportiveB. SkepticalC. ImpartialD. Biased25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Digital Media: Counting The changeB. Streaming --- A Good BusinessC. Old Media Is in DangerD. Digital PenniesText 2Long before the Asian tsunami struck, the science community predicted the particular region of Indonesia to be hit by the next big earthquake; and the engineering and technology community had developed early warning systems costing only $ 30 million. But no government in the region heeded the warnings and no early warning systems were in place. According to Sir David King，the Government’s chief scientific adviser, 100 000 victims of the tsunami might still be alive today if the advance warnings had been heeded.Today’s technology community is a triumph of international collaboration where engineers and scientists combine to develop solutions to our biggest problems. Of course, technology can not stop natural disasters but it can mitigate their impact. We are able to identify the birds affected by avian flu. We can chart their migration patterns around the world. We have the means to pursue vaccines. And we have the communication channels to keep people informed.Hailing the virtues of technology is not to pretend technology is perfect in every regard. Far from it. The extravagant and unsustainable use of technology in energy and transport has contributed to climate change. But that does not mean technology has failed us. We must never lose sight of the fact that technology itself will deliver the solutions to the very problems it can create. If we can’t，technology will remain sidelined and undervalued, and this major social failure will progressively disadvantage us all.Governments are not alone in ignoring the views of their scientific community；the public too has its doubts. In my view，part of the reason for this lack of confidence must be caused by our own failure to engage them in a meaningful way about their concerns. Trust is a two-way street. Instead of claiming that everything would be rosy in the scientific garden，we，in the science community，must work hard to explore concerns，discover fears and go into the depths of public perceptions.We are getting there. There is a growing realization that effective public engagement is of far greater value than banging the “public understanding” drum. Last year，for example，the Royal Academy of Engineering，in partnership with the Royal Society，produced a major report on nanotechnology. We looked at the environmental，health and safety，ethical and social implications. We worked with representatives of all the key stakeholders and disciplines，people who approached the topic from a variety of angles. And I believe the product of our work was significantly enhanced as a result of this broad，inclusive approach.26. The author begins his article with the Asian tsunami struck toA. criticize the backward technology of Indonesia.B. warn of the heavy cost of ignoring technology.C. prove the accuracy of the scientists’ predictions.D. highlight the importance of buying warning systems.27. The word “mitigate”(Line 3,Paragraph 2) is closet in meaning toA. aggravateB. identifyC. alleviateD. remove28. The reason why the public is losing confidence in science is thatA. they are not involved in what they are concerned with.B. technology has brought insolvable problems to the mankind.C. they don’t care about wha t scientists do to the nature.D. scientists are well aware of the public doubts.29. What is the author’s attitude towards technology?A. BiasedB. IndifferentC. CriticalD. Approving30. The author believes that，in the face of public ignorance，science community shouldA. gain more understanding from the public.B. let the public participate effectivelyC. feel no shame for their cause.D. str ive to change people’s attit ude.Text 3Over a century ago, Alfred Russell Wallace wrote that “we lived in a zoologically impoverished world, from which all of the hugest, and fiercest, and strangest forms have recently disappeared... ”.Researchers seeking to explain this “marvelous fact”, as Wallace called it, fall into two camps, one invoking global climatic change and the other human hunting as the cause. Over the past few decades, the debate has become deadlocked, in part because most researchers have focused their attention on the America and northern Eurasia, where the extinction of huge, fierce, and strange creatures occurred between 12500 and about 11000 years ago. This was a time of rapid climatic change, but it was also when humans first arrived in these regions, making it difficult to discern causality.Australia provides the only separate, continent-sized natural laboratory in which dramatic Quaternary extinctions occurred. It is thus of exceptional importance as a testing ground for extinction theories, but until now problems with dating have limited its potential. Some people have now documented the extinction of the gigantic Australian bird Genyornis and so have broken new ground in dating megafaunal extinction in Australia. At the same time, these authors have broken the current deadlock in the great megafaunal extinction debate.It has long been appreciated that the intensity of Quaternary extinctions varied greatly around the world. In the oceans, Africa, and the Southeast Asia, they were nonexistent or mild.Europe experienced moderate extinction rates, whereas the America, Australia, Madagascar, and many Oceanic islands suffered dramatic extinctions. North America lost 73% of all genera weighing more than 44 kg, but Australia suffered the most severely of all the continents, losing every terrestrial vertebrate species larger than a human, as well as many smaller mammals, reptiles, and flightless birds, the latter down to about a kilogram in weight. In all, about 60 vertebrate species were lostEstablishing just when this bizarre array of creatures last trod Australia’s outb ack has been a tortuous business, with many false leads and sites that are difficult to interpret. For decades, it was believed that the megafauna survived until close to the time of the glacial maximum, some 20000 years ago, when temperatures were up to 9℃cooler than at present and the continent was extremely arid. Conditions were so extreme that trees virtually disappeared from the inland, and 40% of Australia was transformed into a vast active dune field.31. The primary purpose of the text is to_____.A. analyze the possible cause of Quaternary extinctions.B. compare the intensity of magafaunal extinctions between different continents.C. demonstrate the most destructive agent in the extinction of species.D. describe the strange phenomenon of Quaternary extinctions.32. The direct reason for the megafaunal extinction in America and northern Eurasia is_____.A. human huntingB. climate changeC. impoverished landD. in dispute33. The basic problem of extinction research about Australia lies in_____.A. little convincing archeological evidence.B. limited variety of gigantic creatures.C. determining the date when dramatic extinction occurs.D. difficulty to discern casualties.34. To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?A. Australia lost every terrestrial vertebrate species in Quaternary extinctions.B. The globe was close to glacial maximum some 20,000 years ago.C. Australia is an ideal natural laboratory to test extinction theoryD. Human beings survived Quaternary extinctions in Australia.35. The word “bizarre” (Line1, Paragraph4) probably means_____.A. unusual or strangeB. marvelous or supernaturalC. dramatic or powerfulD. vast or giganticText 4The topic of cloning has been a politically and ethically controversial one since its very beginning. While the moral and philosophical aspects of the issues are entirely up to the interpretation of the individual, the application of cloning technology can be studied objectively. Many in the scientific community advocate the use of cloning for the preservation and support of endangered species of animals, which aside from cloning, have no other practical hope for avoiding extinction.The goal of the use of cloning to avoid extinction is the reintroduction of new genes into the gene pool of species with few survivors, ensuring the maintenance and expansion of genetic diversity. Likely candidates for this technique are species known to have very few surviving members, such as the African Bongo Antelope, the Sumatran Tiger, and the Chinese Giant Panda. In the case of Giant Panda, some artificial techniques for creating offspring have already been performed, perhaps paving the way for cloning as the next step in the process.With the estimated population of only about 1000 Giant Pandas left in the world, the urgency of the situation has led to desperate measures. One panda was born through the technique of artificial insemination in the San Diego Zoo in the United States. “Hua Mei” was born in 1999 after her parents, Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling, had trouble conceiving naturally.The plan to increase the Giant Panda population through the use of cloning involves the use of a species related to the Giant Panda, the American Black Bear. Egg cells will be removed from female black bears and then fertilized with Panda cells such as those from Ling-Ling or Hsing-Hsing. The fertilized embryo will then re-implanted into the black bear, where it will growand mature, until a new panda is delivered from the black bear host.Critics of cloning technology argue that the emphasis on cloning as a method by which to preserve species will draw funding away from other methods, such as habitat preservation and conservation. Proponents of cloning counter that many countries in which many endangered species exist are too poor to protect and maintain the species' habitats anyway, making cloning technology the only practical way to ensure that those species survive to future generations. The issue is still hotly debated, as both sides weigh the benefits that could be achieved against the risks and ethical concerns that constantly accompany any argument on the issue.36. According to the passage, what is the attitude of the author towards cloning?A. SupportiveB. SkepticalC. ImpartialD. Biased37. The author mentions “Hua Mei” in Paragraph 3 in order to_____.A. show the necessity of cloning to the survival of some species.B. show artificial techniques for creating offspring have succeededC. show the urgency of the situation that panda facesD. show cloning is of great significance38. According to Paragraph 4, the best candidate for cloning would be_____.A. endangered species with many living related speciesB. the giant panda and the American black bearC. those for which cloning is the only way to preserve themD. those to which artificial techniques have been successfully applied39. The main purpose of the last paragraph is to_____.A. provide other information to the evaluation of cloning as a preservation technique.B. show the author’s objective attitude towards cloningC. raise one issue for readers to considerD. display both sides’ arguments in cloning40. Which of the following sentence would the author most likely agree with?A. Cloning will draw funding away from other preservation methods.B. Since cloning has been a controversial issue, we should give it up for ever and develop othermethods to preserve the endangered species.C. Cloning could help avoid extinction, so we should support it regardless of the outcome.D. Cloning should be taken seriously and objectively so as to help species avoid extinctionPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)(41) He is one of the truly great war correspondents, a monumental figure who reported from Afghanistan（阿富汗）for 20 years and won almost every literary prize offered in Italy; he is a writer whose description of his country’s troubled history subverts both official versions. They are some of the most important voices in the world today, honored intellectuals in their own countries. In the English-speaking world, in fact, major publishing houses are inexplicably resistant to any kind of translated material at all.The statistics are shocking in this age of so-called globalization.(42) In the United States and Britain, only 2 to 3 percent of books published each year are translations, compared with almost 35 percent in Latin America and Western Europe. But this is no mere national embarrassment. The dearth of translated literature in the English-speaking world represents a new kind of iron curtain we have constructed around ourselves.(43) We are choosing to block off access to the writing of a large and significant portion of the world, including movements and societies whose potentially dreadful political impact on us is made even more menacing by our general lack of familiarity with them.Publishers have their excuses, of course.(44) This is nothing but a publishing shibboleth（陈词滥调）that leads to a chicken-and-egg conundrum.: Is a limited readership for translations the reason why so few are published in the English world? Or is that readership limited because English-language publishers provide their readers with so few translations? Certainly, the number of readers of literature--in any language-is on the decline, and serious, dedicated editors face real difficulties bringing good books to the marketplace. But that is not the fault of translation. (45)On the contrary, we need to ask what we forfeit（丧失）as readers and as a society if we lose accessto translated literature by voluntarily reducing its presence in our community or quietly standing by as it is drastically and arbitrarily curtailed.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:The 60th anniversary of the founding of Capital Normal University (CNU) will fall on the next Saturday. Please write an invitation letter of about 100 words to alumnus（校友）.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Capital Normal University” instead.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1）describe the drawing briefly,2）interpret its intended meaning, and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)在紧张的复习中，中公考研提醒您一定要充分利用备考资料和真题，并且持之以恒，最后一定可以赢得胜利。

考研英语二历年试题及答案

考研英语二历年试题及答案模拟试题：考研英语二Part I Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Answer the questions by choosing the best option from the four choices given.Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online education has surged. The rise of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has provided an alternative to traditional classroom learning, offering flexibility and accessibility to a wider audience. However, critics argue that online education lacks the personal interaction and engagement that are essential for effective learning.21. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Online education is becoming more popular.B. MOOCs are a viable alternative to traditional education.C. Critics believe online education is less effective due to a lack of personal interaction.D. The accessibility of online education is its main advantage.22. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for the rise of online education?A. FlexibilityB. AccessibilityC. Personal interactionD. Wider audience reach23. What does the author imply about the critics' view on online education?A. They support the rise of MOOCs.B. They think online education is ineffective.C. They believe it lacks essential elements for learning.D. They prefer traditional classroom learning.Section BDirections: The following is a list of headings and subheadings. Choose the best heading from the list (A-F) for each subheading (1-6).1. ______ The Impact of Technology on JobsA. A New Era of EmploymentB. The Digital DivideC. The Rise of Artificial IntelligenceD. The Future of WorkE. The Role of AutomationF. The Changing Landscape of Employment2. ______ The Benefits of a Balanced DietA. Health and NutritionB. Eating for Optimal HealthC. The Science of FoodD. The Importance of Balanced NutritionE. The Effects of Fast FoodF. The Role of Exercise3. ______ The Challenges of UrbanizationA. The Growth of MegacitiesB. The Environmental Impact of CitiesC. Urban Planning and DevelopmentD. The Costs and Benefits of Urban LivingE. The Rural ExodusF. The Sustainable City4. ______ The Importance of Water ConservationA. Water: A Precious ResourceB. The Threat of DroughtC. Saving Water for Future GenerationsD. The Role of Technology in Water ManagementE. The Impact of Climate Change on Water ResourcesF. The Economic Value of Water5. ______ The Role of Social Media in Modern SocietyA. Connecting the WorldB. The Pros and Cons of Social NetworkingC. The Influence of Social Media on YouthD. Privacy Concerns in the Digital AgeE. The Power of Online CommunitiesF. The Evolution of Communication6. ______ The Effects of Climate ChangeA. Global Warming and Its EffectsB. The Science Behind Climate ChangeC. Adapting to a Changing ClimateD. The Human Cost of Climate ChangeE. The Political Response to Climate ChangeF. The Greenhouse Effect ExplainedPart II Writing (写作)Section ADirections: Write a short essay of about 150 words on the topic "The Role of Technology in Education." Support your view with appropriate examples.Section BDirections: Translate the following text from Chinese to English. Begin your translation with the underlined sentence.当前，随着互联网技术的飞速发展，网络教育已经成为一种重要的教育形式。

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题含答案解析

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题含答案解析2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person wont be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,_1_some of us may feel drained,even ifits doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2_in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3_others,can make you feel lonely and_4_.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and_5_a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are __7__on the social conversations that happen in the office.Other life changes also_8_periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing a job or becoming a parent.Its important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to __9___a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming __10.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be abletomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to_12_a new sport forthe first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13_ideas.On the other hand,it is__14_possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like youre alwaysdoing something and there is never any __15_in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and its important to recognize when yourefeeling like its all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you _18__some time in your diary when youre _19_for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.becauseB.unlessC.whereasD.until2.A.contrastB.balanceC,linkD.gap3.A.secingB.pleasingC.judgingD.teaching4.A.misguidedB.surprisedC.spoiledD.disconnected5.A.contribute toB.rely onC.interfere withD.go against6.A.in factB.of courseC.for examplsD,on average7.A.cutting backB.missing outC.breaking inD.looking down8.A.shortenB.triggerC.followD.interrupt9.A.assessB,interprelC,providsD.regain10.at firstB.in turnC.on timeD.by chance11.far-sightedB.strong-willedC.kind-heartedD.like-minded12.A.tnyB.promoteC.watchD.describe13.A.testB.shareC,acceptD.revise14.A.alreadyB.thusC.alsoD.only15.A.visitB,orderC.spaceD,boundary16.A.[atigueB.criticismC.injusticeD.dilemma17.A.sourcesB.standardsC.signsD.scores18.A.take overB.wipe offC,add upD.mark out19.A.ungratefu]B.unavailsblgC.responsiblkD.regretful20.A.reactB.repeatC,retunD.restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Text 1Anger over AIs role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technologys future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,arguesthat the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress."Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,saysCoyle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing the benefits—if theyre just seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that techs inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."Were talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in theUnited States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor aboutone-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographicaldisparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdont simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should_A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be used to.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce peoples workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned toA.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys relianceon timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only 20 percent ofthe UKs wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these dont go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic woodsupply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUKs net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to____.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives______.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of________.ernments inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodpetition among traders at homeD.wood producersmotive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmersunwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop -driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physiciansadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a fewconsider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality "she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."Theres not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily, As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wont solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If were going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_ .A.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice_ .A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to_ .A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in__A.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversText 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its naturalconstruction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallowsprovide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in anidaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority toregulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected bythe EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodiesof water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators andother commereial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significantrepereussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as Justice BrettKavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlandsprotections.But thats a very shortsightedview,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,dont respeet stateboundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackettv.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights ofland owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And its a reminder that theEPAs involvement in the ChesapeakeBay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcendthe influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to useone telling example,arent thinking about next years blue erab harvest in Maryland when theydecide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would eall on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing theirown wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer thema visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald engles fly overtidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatie life.Itsworth the scenic drive.36.A.the prevalence of health apps37.A.Its coverage needs to be extended.38.Before sharing its usershealth information,Flo Health is required to___.A.seek the approval of the FTCB.find qualified third partiesC.remove irrelevant personal dataD.obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?A.The complexity of health information.B.The rapid increase in new health apps.C.The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.D.has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections;Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany ofextracurricular activities hopingto bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopefuls extracurricular activitiesmatter more than the number of activities.he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is notnecessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application.“No”college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have beenpassionately involved in each for an tended period of time,"Rexfon d wrote in an email.Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in aschool-affiliated extracurricular activity that iscommon among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they re going todo a popular activity,Id say,be the best at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently oftenimpress colleges,experts say."For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential bystarting a profitable small business."Olivia Valdes,the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote inan emailJosoph Adegboyega—Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional,extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment."Again,since one of the big question.high school seniors muse consider is"Whatmakes you unique?"having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at lcast one extracurricular activity can help in the collegeadmissions process,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions."Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in theadmissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores isnot enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consullancy,wrote in anemail.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them tovisualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest."If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be abig plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabhage PatchSettlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through anextracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,a former math andscience magnet programassistant at a publie high school who is now executive director of the KaleidoscopeCareers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.41.Sue Rexford42.Sara Harberson43.Katie Kelley44.Mayghin Levine45.Erica Gwyn口EABA.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Studentsdetermination and dedication.G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study atcollege.Section III Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmersmarkets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce …-all at the same time.Farmersmarkets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season,depending on the areas agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.参考译文·空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味，摊位上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，人们友好地聊天，农贸市场完全是一场感官盛宴。

考研英语二试题及答案

考研英语二试题及答案考研英语二模拟试题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) At a bookstore.B) At a library.C) At a lecture hall.D) At a post office.M: Excuse me, could you tell me where I can find the latest issue of "The Economist"?F: Sure, they are just over there, next to the travel guides.Question: Where does this conversation most probably take place?2. A) He is too busy to attend the meeting.B) He has already read the report.C) He is not interested in the meeting.D) He has no idea about the report.M: I can't make it to the meeting this afternoon.F: Is it because you've already gone through the annual report?Question: Why can't the man attend the meeting?...8. A) She will help the man with his research.B) She is too busy to talk.C) She is not familiar with the topic.D) She will meet the man later.M: I'm having some trouble with my research. Could you give me a hand?F: I'd be happy to, but I have a meeting in five minutes. Let's discuss it later.Question: What does the woman mean?Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages, and you will be asked 2 questions on each of the passages. The passages and the questions will be spoken only once, but the questions will be printed on the paper. After you hear apassage, read the four possible answers to the questions, and decide which one would be the best answer.Passage OneThe World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced that there is a need for a new global health strategy to combat the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). These diseases, which include heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, are becoming increasingly prevalent and are now the leading cause of death worldwide. The WHO is urging governments to take action by implementing policies that promote healthier lifestyles.Question 1: What is the main topic of the passage?A) The rise of non-communicable diseasesB) The need for a new global health strategyC) The leading cause of death worldwideD) The role of the World Health OrganizationQuestion 2: What is the WHO urging governments to do?A) To ignore the rise of NCDsB) To promote unhealthy lifestylesC) To implement policies for healthier lifestylesD) To reduce the funding for health strategies...Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a long passage.After the passage, you will hear some questions. Before you hear the questions, you will be given some time to read each question and the possible answers. You will then hear the questions only once, but you have to choose the best answer from the four possible answers.Passage ThreeThe impact of social media on society has been a topic of much debate. While some argue that it has made communication easier and more accessible, others believe that it has led to a decrease in face-to-face interaction and has contributed to a rise in mental health issues. A recent study has shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of isolation and depression. However, social media has also been credited with helping to mobilize communities for social change and has been a powerful tool for activism.Question 1: What is the main concern regarding social media mentioned in the passage?A) It makes communication easier.B) It can lead to mental health issues.C) It has no significant impact on society.D) It is a tool for activism.Question 2: What has social media been credited with?A) Isolating communities.B) Increasing face-to-face interaction.C) Mobilizing communities for social change.D) Causing a decline in activism.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions that follow each text by choosing the best answer from the four options (A, B, C, and D). After you have read the text, you should distribute the 42 marks in the way that you think each question deserves. The number in the margin indicates the maximum mark available for。

2021考研英语基础阶段测试题及答案2

2021考研英语基础阶段测试题及答案2[c]about[d]for[答案]b答对率为63%【分析】习语搭配问题，specialin是习语搭配，意思是“某一领域的专家”。

类似的用法包括specialin（某一领域的专家）和expert（某一领域的专家）。

29.[a]清单表明[b]批准同意，而[C]显示[D]指定推测，思考[C]的正确率为38%[解析]词义辨析题，空格相关含义是：历史学家和经济学方面的专家??了两件事。

四个选项中，approve一般指“赞成，通过”，但不能说专家赞成“显著贫困”的事实;speculate是不及物动词，一般与on搭配，所以b和d排除;manifest可译为“证明”，show意为“指出，表明”，由于文中并未论述专家如何证明这两件事，只是把这些专家的观点和历史学家的观点作了比较，因此haveshowntwothings为正确答案，意为“指出了两件事”。

30.【a】（被）注意到（为了/作为）？而著名的[b]（被）打动了吗？印象深刻[c](was)labeled(as)被称作?[d](was)marked(by)具有?的特征[答案]d答对率为45%动词的过去分词必须填入空格，并与前后的句号和伟大程度相匹配。

同时，伟大也是这一时期的特征。

首先，排除a和C，因为它们不能与匹配；选项B的主题通常是人类，只有选项D是正确的，这意味着“这一阶段的特点是严重贫困”。

3、全文翻译直到最近，大多数的历史学家对工业革命仍然颇有微词。

尽管他们承认从长远角度讲，工业革命已大大提高了一般人的生活水平。

然而它们坚持认为，工业革命在1750和1850年间引起的直接结果是给英国大多数人民带来了普遍的贫穷和苦难。

相比之下，他们把在此之前从1650到1750的一百年看成是一个繁荣富足的时期。

尽管那个时候英国还是一个完全意义上的农业国家。

文本1【核心词汇回顾】① 接线员？经营对服从某人的命令吗③buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.转折句，引出下文④ Lesson在本文中的意思是“Lesson”⑤ 努力做到⑥assertoneself坚持自己的主张;表现坚定⑦ 本文中的水泥是“加固然后”；同时，还应掌握“水泥”这个词的名词含义。

考研英语二样卷（附答案解析）

考研英语二样卷（附答案解析）考研英语（二）样题Section I Use of EnglishDirection:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)① Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes1 different nations compete against each other in a2of sports.② There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.① In order to3the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee(IOC).② After all proposals have been4, the IOC votes. ③ If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues, with5rounds, until a majority winner is determined.④ Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance,6the winning city time to prepare for the Games.⑤ In selecting the7of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build,the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to8the Games effectively.① The IOC also9which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. ②10 , Tokyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico City, Mexico, the host ofthe 1968 Summer Games, were chosen11to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America.①12the growing importance of television worldwide, theIOC in recent years hasalso taken into 13 the host ci ty ‘ s time zone②. 14 the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay 15 higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events 16 , in prime viewing hours.①17 the G ames have been awarded, it is the responsibility of the local organizing committeeto finance them. ② This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television 18 and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. ③ In many 19 there is also direct government support.①Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially 20. ② When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.1.[A]in[B]for[C]of[D]from2.[A]lot[B]number[C]variety[D]series3.[A]host[B]take[C]run[D]organize4.[A]supported[B]submitted[C]substituted[D]subordinated5.[A]suggestive[B]successful[C]successive[D]succeeding6.[A]letting[B]setting[C]permitting[D]allowing7.[A]site[B]spot[C]location[D]place8.[A]state[B]stage[C]start[D]sponsor9. [A]thinks[B]reckons[C]considers[D]calculates10.[A]For instance[B]As a result[C]In brief[D]On the whole11.[A]in time[B]in part[C]in case[D]in common12.[A]Since[B]Because[C]As for[D]Because of13.[A]amount[B]account[C]accord[D]acclaim14.[A]However[B]Whatever[C]Whenever[D]Wherever15.[A]greatly[B]handsomely[C]meaningfully[D]significantly16.[A]live[B]living[C]alive[D]lively17.[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Whether[D]Once18.[A]incomes[B]interests[C]revenues[D]returns19.[A]cases[B]conditions[C]chances[D]circumstances20.[A]safe[B]risky[C]tempting[D]feasibleSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing A, B, C, or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1①Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he gothis new home in exchange for a red paper clip.② Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered theclip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. ③Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techieseager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power.④― My whole motto wasStart small, think big, and have fun ‘ ,says‖ MacDonald, 26, ― Ireally kept my effort on thecreative side rather than the business side.‖①Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. ②This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some ＄ 10 billion worth ofgoods and services on a growing number of barter sites.③ These Web sites allow companies totrade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members.④ InIceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetidexchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries.⑤The Troc-Services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons toironing.①This is not a primitive barter system. ② By creating currencies, the Internet removes a majorbarrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of Barter News , calls― the double coincidence of wants③.‖That is, two parties once not o nly had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that bothdesired. ④ Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.① Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity.② For example, advertising is―hugely bartered ‖causebe many media, particularly on the Web, can supply new ad space at little cost.③Moreover, Internet ads don ‘register in industry -growth statistics, because many exchanges arearranged outside the formal exchanges.① Like e Bay, most barter sites allow members to―grade‖ trading partners for honesty, qualityand so on. ② Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter global trades. ③ Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000Kenyan farmers in remote areas.④ Two small planes will deliver the goods.⑤ QL2 director GaciiWaciuma says the farmers are excited to be ― liberated from corrupt middlemen.‖⑥ For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.21. The word― techies‖ (Para. 1) probably refers to those who are ___________.[A]afraid of technology[B]skilled in technology[C]ignorant of technology[D]incompetent in technology22.Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they ___________.[A]were impressed by his creativity[B]were eager to identify with his motto[C]liked his goal announced in advance[D]hoped to prove the power of the Internet23.The Internet barter system relies heavily on ___________.[A]the size of barter sites[B]the use of virtual currency[C]the quality of goods or services[D]the location of trading companies24.It is implied that Internet advertisements can help ___________.[A]companies make more profit[B]companies do formal exchanges[C]media register in statistics[D]media grade barter sites25.Which of the following is true of QL2 according to the author?[A]It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.[B]It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.[C]It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.[D]It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners.①Internet commerce did not exist at the beginning of this decade, but now it is a superchargedengine driving the world economy. ② Industries are redesigning the mselves around new methods of doing things. ③ Survivors will be those that successfully adapt their processes in the New Economy, according to Robert D. Atkinson and Randolph H. Court. ④― Three main foundationswill underpin strong and widely shared economic growth in the New Economy: (1) developmentof a ubiquitous digital economy, (2) increased research and innovation, and (3) improved skillsand knowledge of the work force,‖ write Atkinson and Court.① The total U.S. Internet economy more than doubled in just one year, from＄15.5 billion in 1996 to nearly ＄39 billion in 1997.② By 2001, the Internet economy will soar to＄350 billion, with business-to-business activity leading the way. ③ Another sign of the growth of the digital economy is the mushrooming of Internet hosts, which are nearly doubling in the United States every year. ④ More households, businesses, and schools are on the Net, too. ⑤ The only laggard in the digital revolution is government: Local, state, and federal governments combined spent 9.4%more each year on computers between 1986 and 1996, while business spent 22% more a yearin the same period.①Venture capitalists are pouring money into thedevelopment of growing companies, oftenbecoming involved as board members and advisers, and helping startups refine business plans.①―It ‘importants to keep an eye on the straight dollar amount of venture capital in theeconomy, but it‘ s just as important to remember the exponential ripple effect of the cash,Atkinson and Court. ②― Many of the g azelles of the New Economy are venture-backedcompanies, and they are having a profound impact —employment in venture-backed companiesincreased 34%annually between 1991 and 1995 while employment in Fortune 500 companiesdeclined 3.6%.③ Moreover, venture-capital-backed firms are more technologically innovativethan other firms.‖①The numbers of engineers and scientists are growing; jobs requiring science andengineering expertise will grow three times faster than other occupations between 1994 and 2005.②W ithout adequately prepared homegrown workers to fill these jobs, and with decreasedcorporate spending on training programs, the demand for engineers and scientists will increasinglybe met by immigrants. ③ Already, almost one-fourth of engineers in the U.S. who earned Ph.D.sin the last five years are foreign born.①Atkinson and Court conclude: ―The New Economy puts a premium on what Nobel laureateeconomist Douglas North calls ?adaptive efficiency —‘theability of institutions to innovate,continuously le arn, and productively cha nge ?② If we are to ask workers to take the risks inherentin embracing the New Economy, we must equip them with the tools to allow them to prosper andcope with change and uncertainty. ③ If we fail to invest in a knowledge infrastructure — world-classeducation, training, science, and technology —our enterprises will not have the skilled workers andcutting-edge tools they need to grow and create well- paying jobs.‖26.We learn from the text that ________ seems to be more important for a person to survivethe New Economy.[A]adaptability[B]diligence[C]intelligence[D]modesty27.In the second paragraph, the author mainly concentrates on the ___________.[A]tendency of American economy[B]contribution American households have made to the economy[C]low efficiency of the government[D]progress toward digital transformation28.The venture-capital-backed firms are more successful because they ___________.[A]have invested in innovation[B]are good at stock exchanges[C]have abundant funds[D]have increased employment‖29. The fact that― alm-f o sturthoneof engineers in America who earned Ph.D.s are foreign bornimplies that ___________.[A]the majority of American people are not interested in getting Ph.D.[B]foreign students are more eager to get Ph.D.[C]the American education has lagged behind in the New Economy[D]American students are not as clever as foreign students30.A suitable title for this text might be ___________.[A]How to Develop US Economy[B]The Relation between American Industry and New Economy[C]Digital Engine Powers New Economy[D]Our New Policy on EconomyText 3①When Thomas Keller, one of America‘sforemost chefs, announced that on Sept. 1 hewould abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se, his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace itwith a European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, serversand restaurant owners. ② These three groups are all committed to tipping — as they quickly madeclear on Web sites. ③ To oppose ti pping, it seems, is to be anticapitalist, and maybe even a littleFrench.①But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping —and it ‘worths exploring why justabout everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.①Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. ②―Waitersknow that they won‘ t get paid if they don‘ t do a good job‖ is how most advocates of the system would put it. ③To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory,but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.①Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell ‘sSchool of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concludedthat consumer ‘ s assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.①Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly andleaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass isrefilled — in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good.② Mr. Lynn ‘ s studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers whilefemale customers increase their tips for male servers.①What‘s more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. ② Thus,the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call ―upselling ‖ :everybottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktailis extra money in the server‘③Aggressive upselling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.①In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and isbecoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruinedwhatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter.② In an unreasonableoutcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. ③ Indeed,there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.31.It may be inferred that a European-style service___________.[A]is tipping-free[B]charges little tip[C] is the author‘ s initiat ive[D] is offered at Per Se32.Which of the following is NOT true according to the author?[A]Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.[B]Waiters don ‘ t care about tipping.[C]Customers generally believe in tipping.[D]Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.33.According to Michael Lynn‘ s studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they ___________.[A] have performed good service[B] frequently refill customer‘ s water glass[C] win customer ‘ s favor[D] serve customers of the same sex34.We may infer from the context that― upselling ‖ (Para. 6) probably means __________.[A]selling something up[B]selling something fancy[C]selling something unnecessary[D]selling something more expensive35.This text mainly discusses ___________.[A]reasons to abolish the practice of tipping[B]economic sense of tipping[C]consumers ‘ attitudes towards tipping[D]tipping for good serviceText 4①Henric Ibsen, author of the play―A Doll‘s House‖, in whicha pretty, helpless housewifeabandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.②From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% oftheir board directors are women. ③ Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.④But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government‘s liking. ⑤ They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequences—which could include being dissolved.①Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female,according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity.② The number has since jumped to 36%.③ Thatis far hig her than the average of 9% for big companies acrossEurope or America‘ s 15% for the Fortune 500. ④ Norway ‘ s stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen. ⑤― I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle,says‖SverreMunck, head of international operations at a media firm.⑥ ― Boardmembers of publiccompanies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,he‖says. ⑦ Severalfirms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.① Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. ② Many complain that ithas been difficult to find experienced candidates. ③ Because of this, some of the best women havecollected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the―golden skirts ④ One‖. reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in managementin Norwegian companies —they occupy around 15% of senior positions. ⑤ It has been particularlyhard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with enough experience.①Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards,and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account.②Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors.③― Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework,‖ says Ms RekstenSkaugen, who was votedNorway‘ s chairman of the year for 2007,― and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers. ‖36. The author mentions Ibsen‘ s play in the first paragraph in order to ___________.[A]depict women‘ s dilemma at work[B]explain the newly passed law[C]support Norwegian government[D]introduce the topic under discussion37.A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to ___________.[A]pay a heavy fine[B]close down its business[C]change to a private business[D]sign a document promising to act38.To which of the following is SverreMunck most likely to agree?[A]A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.[B]A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.[C]A common principle should be followed by all companies.[D]An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.39. The author attributes the phenomenon of― golden skirts‖ to ___________.[A]the small number of qualified females in management[B]the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies[C]the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions[D]the discrimination toward women in Norwegian businesscircles40.The main idea of the text might be___________.[A]female power and liberation in Norway[B] the significance of Henric Ibsen‘ s play[C]women‘ s status in Norwegian firms[D]the constitution of board members in NorwayPart BSample 1Directions：Read the following text and choose the best answer from the right column to complete each of theunfinished statements in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①The World economy has run into a brick wall. ② Despite countless warnings in recentyears about the need to address a looming hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energycrisis worldwide, world l eaders failed to think ahead. ③ The result is a global food crisis. ④ Wheat,corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years, and oil prices have more thantripled since the start of 2004. ⑤ These food-price increases combined with soaring energy costs willslow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine political stability,as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places in Haiti,Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. ⑥Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist,but we‘ llhave to start thinking ahead and acting globally.① The crisis has its roots in four interlinked trends. ② The first is the chronically lowproductivity of farmers in the poorest countries,caused by their inability to pay for seeds,fertilizers and irrigation.③ The second is the misguided policy in the U.S.and Europe ofsubsidizing the diversion of food crops to produce biofuels like corn-based ethanol.④ The third isclimate change; take the recent droughts in Australia and Europe, which cut the global production ofgrain in 2005 and 2006. ⑤ The forth is the growing global demand for food and feed grains broughton by swelling populations and incomes. ⑥ In short, rising demand has hit a limited supply, with thepoor taking the hardest blow.①So, what should be done? ② Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert thepotential for a global disaster. ③ The first is to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi,afamine-prone country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to helpits farmers get fertilizer and high-yield seeds.④ Malawi‘s harvest doubled after just one year.⑤An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere ＄ 10 per person annually in therich world, or ＄ 10 billion in all. ⑥ Such a fund could fight hunger as effectively as the①Second, the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion offood into biofuels. ② The U.S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed subsidy of 51 centsper gal of ethanol to divert corn from the food and feed-grain supply.③ There may be a case forbiofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods— tree crops (like palm oil), grasses andwood products —but there‘ s no case for doling out subsidies t o put the world‘ s dinner into the tank. ④Third, we urgently need to weatherproof the world‘ s cropsnda aseffectivelysoona aspossible. ⑤ For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond–which collectsrainwater to be used for emergency irrigation in a dry spell–can make the difference between abountiful crop and a famine.⑥ The world has already committed to establishing a ClimateAdaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as foodproduction and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise.[A] poor countries41.Anti-hunger campaigns are successful in[B] all the world42.Production of biofuels is subsidized in[C] the Climate Adaptation Fund43.Protest riots occurred in[D] the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB andMalaria44.The efforts were not so successful with[E] Bangladesh45.Food shortage becomes more serious in[F] Malawi[G] the US and EuropePart BSample 2Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle form the listA-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subtitle which you do not needto use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)[A]Follow on Lines[B]Whisper: Keep It to Yourself[C]Word of Experience: Stick to It[D]Code of Success: Freed and Targeted[E]Efficient Work to Promote Efficient Workers[F]Recipe: Simplicity Means Everything[G]Efficiency Comes from Order① Every decade has its defining self-help business book.②In the 1940s it was How to WinFriends and Influence People, in the 1990s The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People. ③ Thesedays we ‘ re worried about something much simpler:Getting Things Done .41.____________________________________① That ‘ s the title of productivity guru David Allen pit hy 2001 treatise‘s on working efficiently,which continues to reson ate in this decade‘ s overworked, overwhelmed, overteched workplace②.Allen hasn ‘just sold 500,000copies of his book.③ He has preached his message of focus,discipline and creativity everywhere from Sony and Novartis to the World Bank and the U.S. AirForce. ④ He counsels swamped chief executives on coping with information overload.⑤ Heministers to some clients with an intensive, two-day, $6,000 private session in which he and histea m organize their lives from top to bottom.⑥ And he has won the devotion of acolytes whodocument on their blogs how his Getting Things Done (GTD) program has changed their lives.42.____________________________________①Allen admits that much of his basic recipe is common sense.② Free your mind, andproductivity will follow. ③ Break down projects and goals into discrete, definable actions, andyou won ‘ t be bothered by all those loose threads ullingp at your attention.④ First make decisionsabout what needs to get done, and then fashion a plan for doing it.⑤ If you ‘ vecatalogedeverything you have to do and all your long-term goals, Allen says, you‘ re lesswakelilyuptoat 3 a.m. worrying about whether you‘ ve forgotten something:― Most people haven‘ t rea liz out of control their head is when they get300 e-mails a day and each of them has potentialmeaning. ‖43.____________________________________①When e-mails, phone calls and to-do lists are truly under control, Allen says, the realchange begins. ② You will finally be able to use your mind to dream up great ideas and enjoy yourlife rather than just occupy it with all the thi ngs you ‘ vegot to do③. Allen himself, despite runninga $5.5 million consulting practice, traveling 200 days a year and juggling a business thatgrowing 40% every year, finds time to joyride in his Mini Cooper and sculpt bonsai plants.④ Oh,and he has earned his black belt in karate.44.____________________________________①Few companies have embraced Allen ‘philosophy as thoroughly as General Mills, theMinnesota-based maker of Cheerios and Lucky Charms.②Allen began at the company with acouple of private coaching sessions for top executives, who raved about his guidance. ③ Allenand his staff now hold six to eight two-day training sessions a year.④ The company has alreadyput more than 2,000 employees through GTD training and plans to expand it company-wide.⑤― Fads come and go,‖ says Kevin Wilde, General Mills‘ CEO,― but this continues to work.45._____________________________________①The most fevered followers of Allen ‘organizationals methodology gather online. ②Websites like gtdindex. marvelz. com parse Allen‘ s every③Theutterance43Fold.rs blog ran aneight-part pod-cast interview with him.④GTD enthusiasts like Frank Meeuwsen, on whatsthenextaction. com gather best practice techniques for implementing the book ‘ideas. ⑤More than 60 software tools have been built specifically to supplement Allen‘ s system.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)There are different types of Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce sites that work in variousways and are broken into two major groups: the verticals and horizontals. Verticals are Business-to-Business (B2B) sites designed specifically to meet the needs of a particular industry, such as retail. Vertical sites are the most likely to contain community features like industry news, articles, and discussion groups. Horizontals provide products, goods, materials, or services that are not specific toa particular industry or company. Horizontals that retailers could use might provide travel, transportation services, office equipment, or maintenance and operating supplies.Horizontals and verticals can connect buyers and sellers together directly or act as intermediarieswho facilitate transactions. There isn ‘onet model that appears everywhere for Business-to Businesse-commerce. Business-to Business (B2B) sites vary from those providing simple lead generation, to complex marketplaces serving a variety of buyers and sellers, to private extranets. Auctions allow multiple buyers to bid competitively for products from individual suppliers. Auctions can be used to get rid of surplus inventory by item or lot, or excess fixed assets like display fixtures.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:。

英语二考研练习题

英语二考研练习题英语二考研练习题通常包括阅读理解、完形填空、新题型、翻译和写作等部分。

以下是一些模拟练习题，供同学们参考和练习。

阅读理解1. 阅读下面的文章，然后回答问题。

- 文章 - 文章摘要：随着科技的发展，教育领域也发生了翻天覆地的变化。

本文探讨了科技如何影响教育方式、学习效率以及教育公平性。

问题：- 根据文章，科技对教育方式产生了哪些影响？- 文章中提到了哪些科技对提高学习效率的贡献？- 作者对教育公平性的看法是什么？2. 阅读下面的短文，并选择最佳答案。

- 短文标题：The Benefits of Bilingualism- 短文摘要：双语能力不仅能够提高个人的语言技能，还对认知发展和社交能力有积极作用。

问题：- 根据短文，双语能力对认知发展有哪些好处？- 短文中提到了哪些社交优势？- 为什么学习第二语言对儿童尤其有益？完形填空阅读下面的短文，从所给的选项中选择最合适的一项填入空白处。

In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has surged. People can buy almost everything from the comfort of theirown homes. However, with the convenience comes a new set of challenges. One of the main issues is the security of online transactions.A. DespiteB. BecauseC. AlthoughD. SinceThe correct answer is A. Despite.新题型根据所给信息，选择正确的句子完成对话。

A: I heard you're planning to study abroad next year.B: Yes, I am. I'm really excited about it.A. That's great news! When are you leaving?B. I'm not sure yet. I still have to apply for the program.C. Congratulations on your decision!D. All of the above.翻译将以下句子从中文翻译成英文。

2023年全国硕士研究生考试考研英语二试题真题(含答案)

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business, and though you’re making a nice __1__, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is __2__ growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus __3___ on finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world __4___. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the __5___ departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The __6__ was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And __7__ making improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, __8__, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, __9__ a growth team and sparked the kind of __10__ perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the __11__ of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this __12__, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently ___13____ the premium version to users of the free version. ____14_____, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can ___15__ the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will __16__ the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the___17___ of these goals. The growth leader is also __18__ for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. __19__ attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t __20___ the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A] purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2.[A] define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3.[A] exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4.[A] experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5.[A] identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6.[A] rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7. [A] despite[B] unlike [C] through [D] besides8. [A] moreover [B] however[C] therefore [D] again9. [A] inspected [B] created[C] expanded [D] reformed10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack[D] decrease12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting[D] transforming14. [A] as a result[B] at any rate [C] by the way [D] in a sense15. [A] unite[B] finance [C] follow [D] choose16. [A] share [B] identify[C] divide [D] broaden17.[A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D]accomplishment18. [A] famous [B] responsible[C] available [D] respective19. [A] before [B] once [C] while[D] unless20. [A] serve[B] limit [C] summarize [D] alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, mitigating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account called Shit Lawns, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,260 and 11,272 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass __________.[A] is harmful to the environment[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles[C] is overpraised in the annual show[D] is ruining the view of west London22. The petitions mentioned in para.3 reveal the campaigner's ________.[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use[C] anger over the proposed tax[D] concern above real grass supply23. In para 4, supporters of fake grass point out that_________.[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A] urge legislation to restrict its use[B] take measures to guarantee its quality[C] remind its users to obey existing rules[D] replace it with sustainable alternatives25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass ________ .[A] is being improved continuously[B] has been a market share decline[C] is becoming affordable[D] has been a controversial productText 2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park? But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department’s Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?[A] decline of business profits[B] inadequate commercialization[C] lack of transportation services[D] poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of the campground may_______?[A] spoil visitor experience[B] help preserve nature[C] bring operational pressure[D] boost visits to parks28. According to para.5, most respondents in the survey would ______?[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C] pay extra for the national parks[D] support the national parks' recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that they________[A] lead the way in tourism[B] have historical significance[C] sponsor research on climate[D] provide an income for locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system _______[A] is able to cope with shortages[B] is able to meet visitors' demand[C] is in need of a new pricing policy[D] is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 201, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 facts in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember their information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember their information. But they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." "Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking -something that isnot available on the Internet." I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things," Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still, other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-save older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs, observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm:'It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know.31.Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will ________[A] analyze information in detail[B] collect information efficiently[C] switch its focus of memory[D] extend its memory duration32.The process of "cognitive offloading"________[A] helps us identify false information[B] keeps our memory from failing[C] enables us to classify trivial facts[D] lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A] It may reform our way of learning[B] It may impact our society negatively[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?[A] requires further academic research[B] is most studies in older adults[C] is reflected in our reading speed[D] depends on our web-surfing habits35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that ________[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B] the Internet is weakening our memory[C] memory exercise is a must for our brain[D] our ability to focus decline with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers, often to the point of self-destruction. Accidental deaths go up dramatically in adolescence.A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policymakers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late. Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity.”Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. “Reward sensitivity” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.36.According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to ______[A] develop opposite personality traits[B] see the world in an unreasonable way[C] have fond memories of the past[D] show attention for their parents37.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone's study[A] explores teenagers' social resposibilities[B] examines teenagers' emotional problems[C] provides a new insight into adolescence[D] highlight negative adolescent behaviour38.What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?[A] It results from the wish to cooperate[B] It is cultivated through education[C] It is subject to family influence[D] It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers ______[A] overstress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recognition[C] become anxious about their future[D] endeavor to live a joyful life40. What is the text mainly about?[A] why teenagers are self-contradictory[B] why teenagers are risk-sensitive[C] How teenagers develop prosociality[D] How teenagers become independentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, productsand systems to be installed. “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,” he says.Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills. But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work. Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association. How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says. However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Andrew Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”[A] The rise of home prices is a temporarymatter.41.Brian Berry [B] Builders possibly need to submit newestimates of their projects.42.Gareth Belsham [C] There will be specific limits on homeextensions to prevent heat loss43.Marcus Jefford [D] The new rules will take home price to aneven higher lever.44.John Kelly [E] Many people feel that home prices arealready beyond what they can afford45.Andrew Mellor [F] The new rules will affect people whosehome extensions include new windows ordoors.[G] The rule changes will benefit homeownerseventually.【参考答案】41.D42.F43.B44.A45.GSection III Translation46. Directions:Translate following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really cometo life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.【参考译文】18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗歌而闻名。

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基础英语练习题（二）
I. GRAMMAR,
Directions: In this section, there are 13 sentences each with one word or phrase m issing. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C, and D that best completes t he sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening
1. As far as we know, in this matter Jim seems .
A. to be in no way to blame
B. to be in no way to be blamed
C. to be to blame in no way
D. to be blamed in no way
2. , he might have retired before the end.
A. Didn't he enjoy the concert
B. Has he not enjoyed the concert
C. Were he not enjoy the concert
D. Had he not enjoyed the concert
3. I don't see how you can stop your daughter, she is lawfully old enough to get ma rried.
A. once
B. thus
C. yet
D. since
4. The developing countries are the richly mineralized districts in the world the d eveloped countries are the districts which are short of minerals.
A. anyway
B. nevertheless
C. while
D. instead
5. Jane rented novels from the circulating library yesterday afternoon. .
A. two interesting American
B. two American interesting
C. interesting two American
D. American two interesting
6. The manager his suitcase in which there is plenty of cash yet, for he is n ot sure where he left it behind.
A. had not found
B. has not found
C. did not find
D. cannot find
7. The minister didn't show any interest in the democratic reforms .
A. all in all
B. after all
C. not at all
D. at all .
8. I haven't seen her .
A. since long
B. long since
C. long ago
D. long before
9. Why this way? to meet him?
A. are you walking / Do you want
B. do you walk / Do you want
C. do you walk / Are you wanting
D. are you walking / Did you want
10. "Will a bus stop here soon?" "No, .”
A. ten minutes ago one just went by
B. one just went by ten minutes ago
C. ten minutes ago just one went by
D. just one went by ten minutes ago
11. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all
practical value by the time they were finished.
A. could lose
B. would have lost
C. might lose
D. ought to have lost
12. The lady over there is
A. Jane and Mary mother
B. Jane and Mary’s mother
C. Jane's and Mary's mother
D. Jane's and Mary mother 人生中最幸福的就是身体健康
13. Not even a word concerning these important matters.
A. he mentioned
B. he mentions
C. did he mention
D. he does mention
，始终还是你。

然后，一起守着古朴的时光，迎接每一天的黎明。

弱水三千，只取一瓢饮，不褪色，不黯淡，任凭尘世的风摇曳着冬日的风雪，我始终是你最美的红颜，你是我最美的时光。

不说永远，陪伴便是最长情的告白。

龙应台曾写过一段文字：“有一种寂寞，身边添一个可谈的人，或许就可以削减。

有一种寂寞，茫茫天地之间余舟一芥的无边无际无着落，人只能各自孤独面对，素颜修行。

”不同的寂寞有着不同的归途，其实赏心之人无须太多，关键是否能入心。

始终喜欢，一切纯善质朴的好，不论是人还是事，一份情深义重，才是水色尘心的悠远。

而一同走过的山山水水，都会是生命的记载。

如果可以，愿始终趋光而行，向着太阳升起的地方。

无论飘摇还是安逸，都要坚守住内心那道光，我们可以不完美，但灵魂必须向美而生。

有时，灵犀的相悦会铭记一生，我不知道岁月有多长，人生还会有多少未知。

只是希望自己能做个心思澄明，有着简单的小欢喜，不过多的忧思，也不给自己添加太多束缚的人。

阳光很暖，你也还在，如此，足够。

看多了花开花谢，聚散离合，便逐渐明白，我们最终想拥有的不过是一份寻常的烟火，简单而情重，朴素而感恩。

余生很长，从晨曦到日暮，就让我们一起慢慢走。