船舶专业英语(课文+翻译)
船舶专业英语翻译
第13课船体结构与型线的关系13.1型线的性质13.2型线要求（画出的）型线定义了没有厚度的数学表面，而不是实际的外板、甲板、舱壁板、肋骨、纵骨等。
对于这些组装在一起的结喉，由型线表示的表面必须清楚地定义，（同时）结构厚度的正常公差也应规定。
为了做好这项工作，当放样工和船舶装配工承担将船舶详细生产图转变实际结构构件时，他们必须很清楚结构与型线间的关系。
型线表示外板、甲板、船底板和支持结构的连接情况，因此，型线定义了外板、甲板、船底板的内表面线以及支持结构的外边线。
在这方面的常规做法已经发展到在本工业领域中的完整标准。
图13.1和13.2说明一些实践应用。
船体和内部结构型线的空间布置由它们与水平参考面和垂直参考面的跳离来表示。
水平参考面由图上的基线表示，垂直参考面有两个，一是位于船舶纵中线的垂直面，另一个是位于船长中点处的横剖面。
水平参考面一般与水平船底外板型线一致（相符）。
13.3型线A、外板焊接外板的内表面通常是平齐的，并在型线上。
这种布置的优点是不需要在外板肋骨与钢板厚度不同的焊缝相交处作折曲连接。
B、双层底内地板的下表面通常是平齐的，并在型线上。
竖向的平板龙骨布置在船体纵中线上，板厚的一半分别在中线两侧。
旁纵骨和侧斜内底边板的内舷面在型线上。
C、甲板板的下表面通常位于甲板型线上，不同如厚度标注在甲板之上。
甲板边板比其他甲板板厚度大，这导致了在甲板边板内像出现突起，正如在船中剖面上看到的，好象会妨碍排水，但实际上由于甲板舷弧和梁拱的存在，这种状况并不出现。
当使用非常规厚度的甲板板时，通常定义特殊的甲板板型线，以适应这些条件（指采用非常规厚度）。
例如，在军船上首尾端可能采用6mm甲板板面船中采用厚板，型线有时在整个甲板上沿着距板上边缘为6mm的下方绘出。
而不管板的厚度。
类似地，甲板上若有一层薄的覆盖物，例如橡胶片，那么在不同厚度的甲板板上面，橡胶片的下面，需要将橡胶片压平至最小厚度，这样，甲板板就可以布置成不同厚度的板的顶端是平齐的，而下边缘在型线上。
船舶英语函电课文翻译
At the time of noting a protest the master should reserve the right to extend it at time and place convenient , because at the time protest is noted the full extent of the loss or damage may not be well ascertained .in foreign ports,protest should be noted before the port authority or a notary public ,or before the consular office representing the country in which the ship is registered.when such action is taken ,it is necessary to bring the log book and several crewmembers as witnesses. in many cases they are essential to the establishment of a claim in the future.在提出声明的时候船长应保留权利以使调查货物灭失和损失的时间和地点比较方便，因为当声明提出时，货物的灭失和损失是不确定的。
在外国港口，声明应该向港口当局或者公证人在或者船舶登记国的领事馆提出，当声明提出后需要带着船舶日志及几个船员作为目击证人。
在许多情况下，他们是在未来提出索赔的基础。
In shipping and marine insurance terminology ,"average"is a word meaning partial loss or damage sustained by a vessel and/or cargo during the couse of a voyage. the word"average"originated from the Italian word avaria ,meaning loss or damage . there are two kind of average and particular average.these terms indicate the character of the loss or damage ,and who bears that loss or damage .the YorkAntwerp Rules,1974 gives a clear and definite of a general average:在航运和海上保险术语中，“平均”一词的意义代表部分灭失或损害持续的时间是在船舶航行或货物的运输过程中。
船舶与海洋工程专业英语.pdf
船舶与海洋工程专业英语.pdfLesson OneThe Naval ArchitectA naval architect asked to design a ship may receive his instructions in a form ranging from such simple requirements as “an oil tanker to carry 100 000 tons deadweight at 15 knots” to a fully detailed spec ification of precisely planned requirements. He is usually required to prepare a design for a vessel that must carry a certain weight of cargo (or number of passengers ) at a specified speed with particular reference to trade requirement; high-density cargoes, such as machinery, require little hold capacity, while the reverse is true for low-density cargoes, such as grain.Deadweight is defined as weight of cargo plus fuel and consumable stores, and lightweight as the weight of the hull, including machinery and equipment. The designer must choose dimensions such that the displacement of the vessel is equal to the sum of the dead weight and the lightweight tonnages. The fineness of the hull must be appropriate to the speed. The draft------which is governed by freeboard rules------enables the depth to be determined to a first approximation.After selecting tentative values of length, breadth, depth, draft, and displacement, the designer mustThe third is personal experience of accepted methods in the design, construction, and operation of ships; and the fourth, and perhaps most important, is an aptitude for tackling new technical problems and of devising practical solutions.The professional training of naval architects differs widely in the various maritime countries. Unimany universities and polytechnic schools; such academic training must be supplemented by practical experience in a shipyard.Trends in designThe introduction of calculating machines and computers has facilitated the complex calculations required innaval architecture and has also introduced new concepts in design. There are many combinations of length, breadth, and draft that will give a required displacement. Electronic computers make it possible to prepare series of designs for a vessel to operate in a particular service and to assess the economic returns to the shipowner for each separate design. Such a procedure is best carried out as a joint exercise by owner and builder. As ships increase in size and cost, such combined technical and economic studies can be expected to become more common.(From “Encyclopedia Britannica”, Vol. 16, 1980)Technical terms1. naval architect 造船工程（设计）师 32. scantling 结构（件）尺寸 naval architecture造船（工程）学33. frame 肋骨 2. instruction 任务书、指导书 34. classification society 船级社3. oil tanker 油轮 35. steering 操舵、驾驶4. deadweight 载重量 36. vibration 振动5. t 节37. net register tonnage 净登记吨位 6. specification 规格书，设计任务书 38. harbour 港口 7. vessel 船舶 39. dues 税收8. cargo 货物 40. gross tonnage 总吨位9. passenger 旅客 41. deductible space 扣除空间 10. trade 贸易42. revenue 收入 11. machinery 机械、机器 43. docking 进坞 12. hold capacity 舱容 44. charge 费用、电荷 13. consumable store 消耗物品45. bulkhead 舱壁 14. light weight 轻载重量、空船重量 46. subdivision 分舱（隔）、细分 15. hull 船体47. collision 碰撞16. dimension 尺度、量纲、维（数） 48. compromise 折衷、调和 17. displacement 排水量、位移、置换49. coeff icien t 系数18. nage 吨位 50. training 培训 19. fineness 纤瘦度 51. fluid mechanics 流体力学20. draft 吃水 52. structural strength 结构强度 21. bre adth 船宽53. resistance 阻力 22. freeboard 干舷 54. prop ulsion推进 23. rule 规范55. shipbuilding 造船 24. tentative 试用（暂行）的 56. aptitude （特殊）才能，适应性25. longitudinal direction 纵向 57. maritime 航运，海运26. vertical direction 垂向 58. polytechnical school 工艺（科技）学校 27. trim 纵倾 59. academic 学术的 28. sta bility 稳性60. shipyard 造船厂 29. shaft horse power 轴马力61. electronic computer 电子计算机30. stre ngth 强度 62. owner 船主，物主 31. service 航区、服务63. encyclop(a)edia 百科全书Additional Terms and ExpressionsEngineers (SNAME)美国造船师与轮机1 . the Chinese Society ofNaval Architecture 工程师协会and MarineEngineering(CSNAME) 中10.Principle of navalarchitecture 造船原理国造船工程学会11.ship statics (orstatics of naval2 . the Chinese Society ofNavigation 中国航architecture) 造船静力学海学会12.ship dynamics 船舶动力学3 . “Shipbuilding ofChina”中国造船13.ship resistance andpropulsion 船舶阻力4 . Ship Engineering 船舶工程和推进5 . “Naval安定Merchant Ships” 舰船知14.ship rolling andpitching 船舶摇摆识15.shipmanoeuvrability 船舶操纵性6 . China StateShipbuilding 16.ship construction 船舶结构Corporation(CSSC) 中国船舶工业总公司17. ship structuralmechanics 船舶结构力学 7. China offshore PlatformEngineering 18. ship strength and structural design 船舶Corporation(COPECO) 中国海洋石油 强度和结构设计平台工程公司 19. ship design 船舶设计 8. Royal Institutionof Naval Architects 20. shipbuildingtechnology 造船工艺(RINA) 英国皇家造船工程师学会21. marine (or ocean)engineering 海洋工程 9. Society of NavalArchitects andMarineNote to the Text1. range from A to B 的意思为“从 A 到 B 的范围内”，翻译时，根据这个基本意思可以按汉语习惯译成中 文。
哈工程《船舶工程专业英语》翻译(全)
注：红字部分表示翻译可能有问题，有些地方翻译有不足之处，请谢谢大家指出。
第一章船舶设计第一课介绍翻译人员：1.1 定义‘基本设计’是专业术语，它决定船舶主要性能，影响船舶造价和功能。
因此，基本设计包括选择船型尺寸，船体形状，动力设备（数量和类型），初步布置船体机械设备和主要结构。
合适的选择方案能保证达到目标要求，比如良好的耐波性和操纵性，预期航速，续航力，货舱舱容和总载重量。
而且，包括校核使之达到货物装卸能力要求，舱室要求，各项宾馆服务标准，分舱要求，干舷和吨位丈量标准,所有这些都是盈利运输船舶，工业或服务系统用船，所必须考虑的部分因素。
基本设计包括概念设计和初步设计，它决定了船舶主要性能，为价格初步估计做了准备。
在整个设计过程中，基本设计完成后，就要进行合同设计和详细设计。
正如合同设计这名暗示的那样，它为船厂投标和承接合同订单数准备合适的合同计划和规范。
完整的合同计划和规范内容很清晰且足够详细，以避免发生代价高昂的偶发性事件，保护投标方免受模糊不清的描述要求的影响。
详细设计是进一步完善合同方案，它是船厂的责任。
合同方案需要为实际船舶建造准备施工图。
为了能够进行基本设计，每个人都必须了解整个设计流程。
这中的四个步骤用 Ecans 的 1959 年的设计螺旋循环方式图说明了，设计螺旋循环方式是一种含盖从目标需求到详细设计的迭代过程，如图 1.1。
下面将进一步详述这些步骤： a.概念设计。
概念设计是最开始的工作，是讲目标需求转换成造船工程参数。
一般来说，它包含技术可行性研究，来决定目标船舶的基本参数。
例如船厂，船宽，船深，吃水，丰满度，动力能源设备，或一些代用特性，所有这些都是为了满足达到设计航速，航区，货舱舱容和总载重量的要求。
它包括空船重量的初步估计，一般通过特性曲线，公式，或经验确定。
在该阶段，备选设计一般由参数研究法来分析，以确定最经济的设计方案或任何其他必须考虑的决定性因素。
所选择的概念设计用作今后获得建造费用的讨论文件，建造费用决定是否进展下一阶段工作：初步设计。
（完整版）船舶专业英语（课文+翻译）
（完整版）船舶专业英语（课文+翻译）Chapter 1 Ship Design（船舶设计）Lesson 2 Ships Categorized（船舶分类）2.1 Introduction（介绍）The forms a ship can take are innumerable. 一艘船能采用的外形是不可胜数的A vessel might appear to be a sleek seagoing hotel carrying passengers along to some exotic destination; a floating fortress bristling with missile launchers; 。
or an elongated box transporting tanks of crude oil and topped with complex pipe connections. 一艘船可以看做是将乘客一直运送到外国目的地的优美的远航宾馆。
竖立有导弹发射架的水面堡垒及甲板上铺盖有复杂管系的加长罐装原油运输轮None of these descriptions of external appearance, however, does justice to the ship system as a whole and integrated unit所有这些外部特点的描述都不能说明船舶系统是一个总的集合体self-sufficient,seaworthy, and adequately stable in its function as a secure habitat for crew and cargo. ——船员和货物的安全性功能：自给自足，适航，足够稳定。
This is the concept that the naval architect keeps in mind when designing the ship and that provides the basis for subsequent discussions, not only in this chapter but throughout the entire book.这是一个造船工程师设计船舶使必须记住的、能为以后讨论提供根据的观念，不仅涉及本章也贯穿全书。
船舶专业英语
船舶专业英语Bulk carriers are single-deck vessels which transport single-commodity cargoes such asgrain, sugar and ores in bulk. The cargo-carrying section of the ship is divided into holds or tanks which may have any number of arrangements, depending upon the range of cargoes to be carried. Combination carriers are bulk carriers designed for flexibility(灵活性) of operation and able totransport any one of several bulk cargoes on any one voyage, e.g. ore or crude oil or dry bulkcargo.The general-purpose bulk carrier, in which usually the central hold sectiononly is used for cargo. The partitioned(隔开、分割) tanks which surround it areused for ballast purposes either on ballast voyages or, in the case of the saddle(鞍型) tanks, to raise the ship’s center of gravity when a low density cargo is carried. Some of the double-bottom tanks may be used for fuel oil and fresh water. The saddle tanks also serve to shape the upperregion of the cargo hold and trim thecargo. Large hatchways are a feature ofbulk carriers, since they reduce cargo-handling time during loading and unloading.An ore carrier has two longitudinal bulkheads which divide the cargo section into wing tanks port and starboard, andthe center hold which is used for ore. The high double bottom is a feature of orecarriers. On ballast voyages the wingtanks and double bottoms provide ballast capacity. On loaded voyages the ore iscarried in the central hold, and the high double bottom serves to raise the center of gravity of this very dens e cargo. The vessel’s behaviour at sea is thus much improved. Two longitudinal bulkheads are employed to divide the ship into center and wing tanks which are usedfor the carriage of oil cargoes. When ore is carried, only the center tank section is used for cargo. A double bottom is fitted beneath the center tank but is used only for water ballast. The bulkheads and hatches must be oiltight(油密的).舷侧side底部bottom舭部bilge甲板deck舱口盖hatchcoverLarge hatches are features of all bulk carriers, to facilitate rapid simple cargo handling. A large proportion of bulk carriers do not carry cargo-handlingequipment, because they trade betweenspecial terminals(终点) which haveparticular equipment for loading and unloading bulk commodities. The availability of cargo-handling gear doesincrease the flexibility of a vessel and for this reason it is sometimes fitted. Combination carriers handling oil cargoes have their own cargo pumps, pipingsystems, etc., for discharging oil.Deadweight capacities range from small to 150,000 tons depending upon type of cargo, etc.. Speeds are in the range of 12-16 knots.The container ship is, as its name implies, designed for the carriage of containers. A container is a re-usable box of 2,435 mm by 2,435 mm section(截面), with lengths of 6,055 mm, 9,125mmand 12,190 mm. Containers are in use for most general cargoes, and liquid-carrying versions(样式，版本) also exist. In addition, refrigerated models are in use. Block分段 10000TEU1)The cargo-carrying section of the ship is divided into several holds which have hatch openings the full width and length of the hold. 2)The containers are racked(放在) in special frameworksand stacked(堆放) one upon the other within the hold space. 3)Cargo handling therefore consists only of vertical movement of the cargo in the hold. 4)Containers can also be stacked on the hatch covers where a low density cargo is carried.These wing tanks may be utilized for water ballast and can bearranged to counter(驳回;反方向;还击) the heeling(横倾) of theship when discharging containers. A double bottom is also fitted whichadds to the longitudinal strength and provides additional ballast space.Accommodation and machinery spaces are usually located aft toprovide the maximum length of full-bodied ship for containerstowage(储存).Container ship sizes vary considerably with container-carryingcapacities from 100 tons to 2000 tons or more. As specialistcarriers they are designed for rapid transits and are high powered, high speed vessels with speeds up to 30 knots. Some of the larger vessels have triple-screwpropulsion(三螺旋桨动力装置) arrangements.Mobile Drilling PlatformsThe underwater search has been made possible only by vast improvements in offshore technology(近海工程技术). Drillers(钻井平台) first took to the sea with landrigs(陆用钻机) mounted on barges towed to location and anchored(锚泊) or with fixedplatforms accompanied by a tender ship (供应船)(Fig.1).Fig. 1 Offshore fixed drilling platformA wide variety of rig platforms has since evolved, some designed to cope with specific hazards of the sea and others formore general work. All new types stresscharacteristics of mobility and the capability for work in even deeper water.The world’s mobile platform can be divided into four main groupings: self-elevating (jack-up)platforms(自升式), submersibles(坐底),semisubmersibles, and floating drill ships.(a)Fig. 1 Offshore fixed drilling platform(b)Fig.2 Offshore self-elevating drilling platform.(a)----Underwater design (b)-----self-elevating drilling platformFig. 3 Offshore semisubmersible drillingplatformSemisubmersibles (Fig.3) are a version of submersibles. They can work asbottom-supported units or in deep water as floaters. Their keyvirtue is the wide range of water depths in which they can operate, plus the fact that, when working as floaters, their primary buoyancy lies below the action of the waves, thus providing great stability. The “semis” are the most recentof the rig-type platforms.Fig. 4 Floating drill ship. Such ships can drill in depths from 60 to 1000 f (18 to 300m )or moreBy far the most common type of fixedoffshore structure in existence today isthe template(导管架平台), or jacket,structure illustrated in Fig.1. This type of structure consists of a prefabricated steelsubstructure(预制钢制导管架) thatextends from the seafloor to above the water surface and a prefabricated steeldeck located atop the substructure. The deck is supported by pipe piles(柱桩)driven through the legs (柱腿)of thesubstructure into the seafloor. These piles not only provide support for the deck but also fix the structure in place against lateral loadings(侧向载荷) from wind,waves, and currents.The construction and installation of a template structure plays a central role in its design. The substructure is usually prefabricated on its side at a waterside facility and then placed horizontally on a barge and towed to its offshore location. At the installation site, the substructure is thenslid off(滑下去) the barge and uprightedwith the help of a derrick barge(起重船)and allowed to sink vertically to the seafloor. Once thesubstructure is in place,pipe piles are inserted through its legs and driven into theseafloor by means of a piles driver supported on a surface vessel. After the piles are driven to predetermined depths, they are cut off at the top of the substructure and the prefabricated deckstabbed into the piles and connected withfield2.271、句子听写1)油轮的装货段被纵、横舱壁分成了几个独立的液货舱。
(完整版)船舶专业英语(课文+翻译)
Chapter 1 Ship Design（船舶设计）Lesson 2 Ships Categorized（船舶分类）2.1 Introduction（介绍）The forms a ship can take are innumerable. 一艘船能采用的外形是不可胜数的A vessel might appear to be a sleek seagoing hotel carrying passengers along to some exotic destination; a floating fortress bristling with missile launchers; 。
or an elongated box transporting tanks of crude oil and topped with complex pipe connections. 一艘船可以看做是将乘客一直运送到外国目的地的优美的远航宾馆。
竖立有导弹发射架的水面堡垒及甲板上铺盖有复杂管系的加长罐装原油运输轮None of these descriptions of external appearance, however, does justice to the ship system as a whole and integrated unit所有这些外部特点的描述都不能说明船舶系统是一个总的集合体self-sufficient,seaworthy, and adequately stable in its function as a secure habitat for crew and cargo. ——船员和货物的安全性功能：自给自足，适航，足够稳定。
This is the concept that the naval architect keeps in mind when designing the ship and that provides the basis for subsequent discussions, not only in this chapter but throughout the entire book.这是一个造船工程师设计船舶使必须记住的、能为以后讨论提供根据的观念，不仅涉及本章也贯穿全书。
船舶专业英语课后翻译
lesson3Marine Diesel船用柴油机intermal combustion engine内燃机combustion chambe r燃烧室principle of its operation工作原理cylinder气缸piston活塞fine spray of fuel细多状燃油crankshaft曲轴propeller推进器cycle循环four-stroke diesel engine四冲程柴油机suction进气compression压缩expansion膨胀exhaust排气t ow-stroke one二冲程柴油机bottom dead下止点exhaus排气residual exhaus gases残留废气top dead centre上止点fuel inject燃油喷射inlet ports进气口working stroke工作冲程reduction gerar box减速齿轮箱alternator交流发电机connecting rod连杆s cavenge por t扫气口lesson5Fixed parts固定件moving parts运动件crank case曲柄箱liner缸套和衬套cylinder cover气缸盖cylinder block气缸体crown活塞体piston rod活塞杆corss head十字头main bearin g主轴承axial thrust轴向推力end-chock bolts端塞螺栓driven shaft从动轴thrust block推力块scavenging air box扫气箱bedplate机座frame机架cooling jacket冷却水套exhaust valve排气阀fuel valve燃油阀starting valve气动阀satety valve安全阀indicator cock示功器旋塞piston skirt活塞裙piston ring活塞环gasket垫圈reciprocating movement往复运动l esson6fuel oil system燃油系统operation and maintenance运行和维护carbon residues残碳fuel oil’s viscosity燃油粘度heavy oil重油residual oil渣油settling tank沉淀柜fuel oil tank燃油柜service tank日用柜fine filter细滤器pressure regulating valve压力调节阀needle valve针阀low tanklevel低油位报警transfer pump输送泵three-way valve三通阀injector pump喷射泵filter过滤器lesson7lubricating oil film润滑油膜moving part运动件mverment condition运动条件oil cooled pistons油冷式活塞resist oxidation抗氧化total loss system总量损耗系统circulating system循环式系统gearing传动装置piston head活塞顶piston ring活塞环liner wall衬套壁reversal of direction of motion运动方向的改变mechanical quill机械注油器crank case曲轴箱bearing轴承piston rod活塞杆auxiliavy equipment辅助设备p ump泵centrifvge离心分离机lesson8fuel jetector valve燃油喷射阀staring air valve起动空气阀mechanical strength机械强度internal passages内部管道heat exchanger热交换器jacket water circulating pump气缸套冷却水循环泵turbo-blower涡轮增压器closed system闭式系统open sysem开式系统head tank压力水柜sea water airculating cooler海水循环式冷却器cavitation effect气蚀效应air bell气囊vent port放气口ventilation pipe透气管branch支路visual flow indicator可视式流量计nozzle carbon喷嘴积碳lubricating oil covler滑油冷却器blind-flange盲板法兰Lesson 9舱底水：bilge 压载水：ballast相互连接：interconnect涨水，进水：inflow在船上，到舷外：overboard水密舱室：watertight compartment 应急舱底水泵：emergency bilge suction 替换物，选择对象：alternative 饮水装置：priming device到某种程度：in some extemt 调节船舶吃水差：turn the vessel切换阀箱：change-over chestLesson 11容积式泵：displatement pump离心泵：centrifugal pump往复泵：reciprocating pump叶片泵：vane pump齿轮泵：gear pump旋转泵：rotary pump离心力：centrifugal fore轴向的：axial涡轮，涡轮机：turbine自吸式：self-priming 啮合齿轮：meshing gears蒸汽喷射器：steam ejector 舵机液压系统：steering gear hydraulic system 人字齿：double helical teech大气压：atmospheric pressure 立式泵：vertical pumpLesson 13甲板机械：deck machinery克令吊：crane 日常检验：rountine checking锚泊设备：anchor arrangement集装箱吊装设备厂：锚链管：chain pipe原动机：generator装卸能力：cargo handling productivity多旋转吊杆系统：multiwinch slewing derrick system 绞车卷筒：winch end 吊杆式起货装置：derrick cargo rig安全负载：safe working loadLesson31．The diesel engine is type of internal combustion engine which ignites the fuel by injecting it into hot ,high pressure air in a combustion chamber柴油机是一种内燃机，它是通过将燃油喷射到具有高温高压气体的燃烧室从而点燃燃油。
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Chapter 1 Ship Design（船舶设计）Lesson 2 Ships Categorized（船舶分类）Introduction（介绍）The forms a ship can take are innumerable. 一艘船能采用的外形是不可胜数的A vessel might appear to be a sleek seagoing hotel carrying passengers along to some exotic destination; a floating fortress bristling with missile launchers; 。
or an elongated box transporting tanks of crude oil and topped with complex pipe connections. 一艘船可以看做是将乘客一直运送到外国目的地的优美的远航宾馆。
竖立有导弹发射架的水面堡垒及甲板上铺盖有复杂管系的加长罐装原油运输轮None of these descriptions of external appearance, however, does justice to the ship system as a whole and integrated unit所有这些外部特点的描述都不能说明船舶系统是一个总的集合体—self-sufficient,seaworthy, and adequately stable in its function as a secure habitat for crew and cargo. ——船员和货物的安全性功能：自给自足，适航，足够稳定。
This is the concept that the naval architect keeps in mind when designing the ship and that provides the basis for subsequent discussions, not only in this chapter but throughout the entire book.这是一个造船工程师设计船舶使必须记住的、能为以后讨论提供根据的观念，不仅涉及本章也贯穿全书。
In order to discuss naval architecture,it is helpful to place ships in certain categories. For purposes of this text, ships are classified according to their means of physical support and their designed purposes.将船舶分成一些特定的种类来讨论造船工程是有好处的。
本文的目的就是根据船舶物理支撑方式和设计目的来将它们分类。
Ships Typed According to Means of Physical Support（根据物理支撑方式来分类）The mode of physical support by which vessels can be categorized assumes thatthe vessel is operating under designed conditions- Ships are designed to operate above, on, or below the surface of the sea, so the air-sea interface will be used as the reference datum.船舶按物理支撑的分类方式假设，船舶是在设计工况的条件下航行。
船舶预定在海面上，海面中或海面以下航行，因此使用空气与水的接触面作为基准面。
Because the nature of the physical environment is quite different for the three regions just mentioned, the physical characteristics of ships designed to operate in those regions can be diverse.由于上面提到的三个区域中物理环境的本质相差很大，所以那些区域中的船的物理特性也不同。
Aerostatic Support（空气静力支撑）There are two categories of vessels that are supported above the surface of the sea on a self-induced cushion of air. These relatively lightweight vehicles are capable of high speeds,since air resistance is considerably less than water resistance, and the absence of contact with small waves combined with flexible seals reduces the effects of wave impact at high speed. 有两种靠自身诱导的气垫浮于海面上的船。
这些重量相对轻的船能够高速航行，这是因为空气阻力比水阻力小得多，而且船舶高速航行时，弹性密封圈没有与小波浪接触，因而降低了了波浪冲击的影响。
Such vessels depend on lift fans to create a cushion of low-pressure air in an underbody chamber. 这种船依靠升力风扇在船体水下部分产生了低压气垫。
This cushion of air must be sufficient to support the weight of the vehicle above the water surface.这种空气气垫必须足够支撑水面上方船的重量。
The first type of vessel flexible “skirts” that entirely surround the air cushion and enable the ship to rise completely above the sea surface.第一种船有完全围绕在气垫周围并且能够使船完全漂浮在水面以上的弹性围裙。
This is called an air cushion vehicle (ACV) ,and in a limited sense it is amphibious.它被称为气垫船（A ，某种有限的程度上适用于两栖。
The other type of air-cushion craft has rigid side walls or thin hulls that extend below the surface of the water to reduce the amount of air flow required to maintain the cushion pressure. 另一种气垫船带有刚性侧壁，且有延伸到水下能够减小空气流量的瘦船体，该气流用来维持气垫压力。
This type is called a captured-air-bubble vehicle (CAB).这种类型船称为束缚气泡减阻船It requires less lift-fan power than an ACV, is more directionally stable and can be propelled by water jets or supercavitating propellers. 相对于 ACV 来说，它需要较低的升力风扇动力,航向稳定性更好，并且能使用喷水推进器和超空泡螺旋桨。
It is not amphibious, however, and has not yet achieved the popularity of the ACVs, which include passenger ferries, cross-channel automobile ferries, polar-exploration craft, landing craft, and riverine warfare vessels.但是，它不是两栖用途的，也还没有 ACVs 那么广的适用范围， 适用范围包括游客渡轮，横越海峡车客渡轮，极地考察船，登陆舰及内河舰艇。
Hydrodynam ic Support （水动力支撑）There are also two types of vessels that depend on dynamic support generated by relatively rapid forward motion of specially designed hydrodynamic shapes either on or beneath the surface of the water. 也有两种类型船，它们依赖通过船的相对高速前进运动来产生动力支持，这 种船型的水上和水下部分的形状都经过特殊设计。
A principle of physics states that any moving object that can produce an unsymmetrical flow pattern generates a lift force perpendicular to the direction of motion. 一个物理定理这样陈述：任何运动的物体都能造成不均匀的流态，产生一个垂直于运动方向的升力。
Just as an airplane with (airfoil) produces lift when moving through the air, a hydrofoil located beneath the surface and attached by means of a surface piercing strut, can dynamically support a vessel’s hull above the water.正如装有空气翼的飞机在空气中移动时气翼上能产生一个升力一样，位于水面以下且其上固定有穿透水面的柱体的水翼，能够动态支撑水面以上的船体。