2020届上海市交大附中(嘉定分校)高三下学期第二次阶段测试英语试题 word版含答案

2019-2020学年交大附中(嘉定分校)高三下英语阶段测试II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Video Games Foster Creativity?Video games that foster creative freedom can increase creativity under certain conditions, according to new research from lowa State University. The experimental study compared the effect of playing the popular world-building game Mine-craft（《我的世界》）, with or without instruction, to watching a TV show or playing a race car video game. Those (21) ________ (give) the freedom to play Mine-craft without instruction were most creative."It's not just that Mine-craft can help induce - creativity. There seems to be something about choosing to do it that also matters," said Douglas Gentile, a professor of psychology.(22) ________ you are not familiar with the game, Gentile says Mine-craft is like a virtual Lego world. The game, which has sold more than 100 million copies, allows players to explore unique worlds and create anything they can imagine. Study participants randomly assigned to play Mine-craft were split into two groups. The one receiving instruction was told to play as creatively as possible.After 40 minutes of play or watching TV, the 352 participants completed several creativity tasks. (23) ________ (measure) creative production, they were asked to draw a creature from a world much different than Earth. More human-like creatures scored low for creativity and those less human-like scored high. Surprisingly, those instructed to be creative while playing Mine-craft were (24) ________ (creative).Gentile says there's no clear explanation for this finding. In the paper published by Creativity Research Journal, he, Jorge Blanco-Herrera, lead author and former master's student in psychology; and Jeffrey Rokkum, former Ph.D. student in psychology, outlined possible reasons why the instructed Mine-craft group scored lower than the other groups. Blanco-Herrera says the instructions may have changed subject's motivation for play."(25) ________ (tell) to be creative may have actually limited their options while playing, resulting in a less creative experience," Blanco - Herrera said. "It's also possible they used all their 'creative juices' while playing and had (26) ________ when it came time to complete the test."Video games can have both harmful and beneficial effects. Gentile's previous research has shown the amount, content and context of video games (27) ________ (influence) what players learn through repeated experiences. (28) ________ must of Gentile's research has focused on aggression or pro-social behavior, he says the same appears to be true for creativity.Most video games encourage players to practice some level of creativity. For example, players may create a character and story for role-playing games or be rewarded for creative strategies, in competitive games. The researchers say even first-person shooter games (29) ________ potentially inspire creativity as players think about strategy and look for advantages in combat."The research is staring to tell a more interesting nuanced picture. Our results are similar to other gaming research (30) ________ ________ you get better at what you practice, but how youpractice might matter just as much." Gentile said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beEducation officials and industry experts are debating the future of online learning. The discussion is important because recently hundreds of universities in the United States have moved classes online because of the __31__ of the new coronavirus.For Asha Choksi, the rise of internet - based or online study programs has led to major improvements in higher education."What it’s done is, it's actually given a lot more power to students in terms of how, when and where they learn," the head of research for Pearson Education told VOA. Her company is __32__ online learning programs.Colleges and universities worldwide have been looking for ways to provide satisfactory education off campus and outside of __33__ business hours. The decision by many schools in the U. S. to suspend in-person classes during the recent coronavirus crisis has shown how important online teaching can be. And demand for such programs is increasing.The financial advising company Tyton Partners __34__ the online program management industry at over $ 1.5 billion in 2015.Choksi, however, argues that her company is __35__ a path to higher education for people who might not have been able to get a degree otherwise.Pearson Education is one of a growing number of companies that __36__ with schools to create online study aids and full degree programs. Classes meet online through video __37__. In this way, students are able to __38__ with each other and their professors even when they are far away from school.Online learning also permits older students, who work full-time and support families, to work on their education in their free time. It can be helpful for people who might have difficulty coming to a college campus, such as disabled students or those who live far from any college or university.However, recent research suggests the majority of college students and professors prefer in-person instruction. In addition, some experts are __39__ that companies in charge of online learning programs are not clear about the policies they have with the schools they serve.Last year, the EDUCATUSE Center for Analysts and Research published two opinion studies on online higher education programs. Researchers asked over 40,000 American undergraduate students and 9,500 professors what they thought about these programs. In both groups, at least 70 percent of people said they would rather teach or learn in a(n) __40__ classroom.III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The oral microbiome - the sum total of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, thatoccupy the human mouth - was the subject of a citizen science driven study by Jessica Metcalf's research lab at CSU and Nicole Garneau's research team at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. Published in Scientific Reports, the study found, among other things, a correlation（互相关联）between people who did not visit the dentist regularly and __41__ presence of a pathogen （病原体）that causes periodontal disease.For the experiments, carried out by Garneau's community science team in the Genetics of Taste Lab at the museum, a wide cross - section of museum visitors answered simple questions about their demographics（人口统计资料）, lifestyles and oral health __42__. Microbial（微生物的）DNA sequencing data analyzed by Met-calf's group revealed, broadly, that teeth - cleaning routines affect the communities of bacteria in the __43__ and beyond. The study highlighted the need to think about oral health as __44__ linked to our overall health."Our study also showed that using community scientists can be a really good way to get this type of __45__, without having to use large, case-controlled studies," said Zach Burcham, a postdoctoral researcher and the paper's lead author. Senior author Met-calf is an associate professor in the Department of Animal Sciences and a member of CSU's Micro-biome Network.The study __46__ people who flossed（用牙线清洁牙齿）or didn't floss (almost everyone said they brushed, so that wasn't a useful data point). Participants who flossed were found to have relatively __47__ microbial diversity in their mouths compared with non-flossers. This is most likely due to the physical removal of bacteria that could be causing disease.Adults who had gone to a __48__ in the last three months had lower overall microbial diversity in their mouths than those who hadn't gone in 12 months or longer, and had less of the periodontal disease - causing oral pathogen. This, __49__, was probably due to dental cleaning removing rarer bacteria in the mouth. Youth tended to have had a dental visit more recently than adults.Youth microbiomes were __50__ among males and females, and by weight. Children considered obese according to their body mass indices had distinct microbiomes as compared to non-obese children. The obese children also tended to have higher levels of Treponema, the same pathogen found in adults who hadn't been to the dentist in more than a year. __51__, the researchers saw a possible link between childhood obesity and periodontal disease. "This was very interesting to me, that we were able to detect these data in such a general population, with such a variable group of people," Burcham said.Other data uncovered: The microbiomes of younger participants, mostly in the eight-to nine-year-old range, had more diversity than those of adults. __52__, adult microbiomes varied more widely from person to person. The researchers think this is due to the environments and diets of adults being more wide-ranging than those of __53__ .They also saw that people who lived in the same household had __54__ oral microbiomes."When you look at families who live together, you find they share more of those __55__ types of bacteria of bacteria that aren't found as often in higher abundances," Burcham explained. It was a data point that emphasized the relevance of one's built environment in relationship to the microbial communities in our bodies.41. A. increased B. unlikely C. expected D. rare42. A. problems B. conditions C. habits D. plans43. A. body B. mouth C. world D. life44. A. gradually B. poorly C. slightly D. strongly45. A. experiment B. study C. data D. findings46. A. involved B. grouped C. ignored D. assessed47. A. limited B. average C. biological D. rich48. A. hospital B. check C. dentists D. clinic49. A. therefore B. again C. moreover D. however50. A. harmful B. common C. special D. different51. A. In other words B. To sum up C. In addition D. To our surprise52. A. By contrast B. Meanwhile C. However D. Furthermore53. A. peers B. seniors C. professionals D. children54. A. various B. similar C. harmful D. unique55. A. rare B. common C. unknown D. scarceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Extreme sorrow claws my mind. I am a statistic. When I first got here, I felt very much lonely. I found no sympathy. I saw only thousands of others whose bodies were as badly damaged as mine. I was given a number and placed in a category, which was called "traffic death".The day I died was an ordinary school day. How I wish I had taken the bus! But I was too cool for the bus, I remember how I wheedled（哄骗）the car out of Mom. "Special favor," I pleaded. "All the kids drive." After school, I rushed to the parking lot, excited at the thought of driving a car and being my own boss.It doesn't matter how the accident happened, I was going too fast, taking crazy chances. But I was enjoying my freedom and having fun. The last thing I remember was passing an old lady who seemed to be going awfully slow. I heard a crash and felt a terrific shake. Glass and steel flew everywhere. My whole body seemed to be turning inside out. I heard myself scream.Suddenly, I awakened. It was very quiet. I saw a police officer and a doctor. I was covered in blood. Pieces of jagged glass were sticking out all over. Strange that I couldn't feel anything. Hey, don't pull that sheet over my head. I can't be dead. I'm only 17. I'm supposed to have a wonderful life ahead of me. I haven't lived yet. I can't be dead!Later I was placed in drawer. My folks came to identify me. Why did they see me like this? Why did I have to look at Mom's eyes when she faced the most terrible ordeal of her life? Dad suddenly looked very old. He told the man in charge, "Yes - He is our son."Please - somebody - wake me up! Get me out of here. I can't bear to see Mom and Dad in such pain. My grandparents are so weak from grief they can barely walk. My brother and sister move like robots.Please don't bury me! I'm not dead! I promise if you give me just one more chance, God, I'll be the most careful driver in the whole world. All I want is one more chance. Please., God. I'm only 17.56. Why did the writer become a statistic?A. Because he studied statistics（统计学）in school.B. Because he felt very lonely at that moment.C. Because he was dead as result of a traffic accident.D. Because he made a fatal mistake in statistics.57. Where did the traffic accident take place?A. On his way to schoolB. On his way home.C. Near a police station.D. Near an old lady's house.58. What was the cause of the accident?A. He was driving too fast.B. He was too young to drive.C. He wanted to avoid knocking down an old lady.D. He was not familiar with the road condition.59. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A. How Careless a Young Drive Is!B. Dead at 17C. An Avoidable TragedyD. Stay Safe on the Road(B)Shanghai Disneyland Annual PassShanghai Disneyland is a place where every moment is packed with joy, surprises, romance, fantasy and excitement. It's place where friends and families come together to enjoy magical adventures, and with the new Annual Pass, available from January 25,2019. Guests will be able to enjoy a whole year of never ending magic! Start your year-long magical journey today from the moment you purchase the new Annual Pass!As a pass Holder, you'll enjoy exclusive benefits, including a full year of events and parties, Disney Character greetings, and discounts on delicious food and merchandise! You'll also receive invitations to special events and so much more!There are three types of Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass (Different pass types are subjectAnnual Pass Calendar" page on the Shanghai Disney Resort official website and the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat Account. Guests will have visibility for the following three months of the Pass calendar (including the current month). The Pass calendar for a new month will be released in the middle of each month. We may restrict the number of persons with access to the Park due to capacity.Launch Channel:From January 25, 2019, guests can purchase the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass through the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat account, the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat Mini Program "E-gift Ticket," the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths, and the Shanghai Disney Resort Reservation Centre at 400 - 180 - 0000 or +86-21-3158-0000. TheAnnual Pass can be redeemed and used to enter the park from January 25,2019.From February 15,2019, guests can purchase the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass via the Shanghai Disney Resort Official Website and app. The Annual Pass can be redeemed（兑换）and used to enter the park from February 15,2019.Annual Pass Holders must redeem their Annual Passes at the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths during park hours every day.Thank you for your understanding and cooperation!60. Which of the following ISN'T a selling point of the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass?A. Lower prices while shopping in the resort.B. Meeting your favorite Disney character.C. Access to special activities.D. Fast-pass to the not attractions.61. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. You can't use an Annual Pass on the day you buy it.B. Once you buy an Any-day Annual Pass, you can enjoy yourself in Shanghai Disneyland any day in one year.C. On May 9th, a Pass Holder can know the Pass calendar of August.D. Weekday + Sunday Annual Pass holders have at least 205 more days of park access than Sunday Annual Pass holders.62. John can buy a Sunday Annual Pass on January 30,2019 through the following channels EXCEPT ________.A. the E-gift Ticket mini programB. +86-21-3158-0000C. the Shanghai Disney Resort Official WebsiteD. the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths(C)Apple on Tuesday said its revenue fell 5 percent in the first quarter, compared with $ 88.3 billion a year earlier, as chief executive Tim Cook admitted that people are holding on to their iPhones longer.Revenue from the maker of iPhones came in at $84.31 billion, slightly higher than the company estimated earlier this month, when it warned that sales would fall to about $84 billion. At the time, Cook cited a slowdown in China's economy as well as President Trump's trade war for weakening iPhone demand. It was Apple's first warning in more than 15 years.Apple's stock jumped more than 4 percent in after-hours trading.In its results, Apple aid net sales of iPhones were down by more than $9 billion compared with the same quarter last year. Cook conceded that many Apple users are "holding on to their older iPhones a bit longer than in the past," which contributed to lower iPhone demand. But he also pointed to shifts in foreign exchange（外汇）values that made Apple products more expensive in certain markets.Consumers are holding on to their smart-phones for three years or longer. The Washington Post reported last month. But higher selling prices - with some high-end models costing over $1,000 - have been able to compensate for fewer new phones sold.Sales increased in other categories such as services, wearables and tablets. Altogether, Apple reported net income of $ 19.97 billion for the quarter compared to $ 20,01 billion in the sameperiod a year earlier. The popularity of Apple's smart-watch has driven significant growth in the company's wearables segment, according to the company."Our wearables business is approaching the size of a Fortune 200 company," said chief financial officer Luca Maestri.While Cook acknowledged the continuing economic slowdown in China, he said it is "not in our DNA to stand around waiting for macroeconomic conditions to improve." One effort Apple is undertaking in response, Cook added, is to encourage customers to trade in their old devices and receive credit toward purchasing new phones. Apple offered deep discounts on its iPhone XR around the holidays, for instance, for people trading in recent devices.More than two-thirds of Apple customers in China who bought an iPad or a Mac last quarter were first-time purchasers of those devices, Cook said.Apple, which became the world's first company worth $1 trillion（万亿）last year, also said it is expecting lower revenues next quarter - between $ 55 billion and $ 59 billion - compared with the same time last year, when it reported revenues of % 61.6 billion. The company attributed the lower guidance to the same foreign exchange and macroeconomic factors it cited for the quarter that ended in December.Shareholders were already reeling from（感受到……的负面影响）Apple's acknowledgement this week of a major flaw in its mobile operating system that allowed attackers to eavesdrop（窃听）on the recipient of Face-Time calls. Apple told users it is aware of the issue and that it plans to release a software update this week.Tuesday marked the first of Apple's earnings reports in which the company did not report the number of iPhones it sold in the quarter. But the company did say that the total number of iPhones active world-wide now stands at 900 million - a positive sign for Apple as it seeks to convert many of its customers into users of its services such as Apple Pay and Apple Music.62. According to Tim Cook, all of the following accounted for weakening iPhone demand EXCEPT ________.A. Apple users keep their Apple devices longer than beforeB. the macroeconomic conditions home and abroad were not idealC. the changing foreign exchange valuesD. a major bug in its mobile operating system63. What can we learn from the underlined sentence?A. Apple is about to take the initiative to turn around its business.B. Apple is not good at dealing with macroeconomic conditions in a foreign country.C. Apple is not worried about China's economic slowdown because of its huge consumer base.D. Apple is sure of overcoming the temporary downturn in sales with its technology.64. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. One of Apple's goals is that tis services can appeal to more consumers.B. On Tuesday, Apple didn't publicize its earnings reports because of its poor performance.C. Apple's wearables category has a good chance of surpassing a Fortune 200 company.D. iPhone's increased prices contribute to the drop in iPhones sold worldwide.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Apple has sold 900 million iPhones around the world.B. Apple was the world's most valuable company at one point last year.C. Tim Cook was confident about Apple's future revenues despite current difficulty.D. An increasing number of users began to dislike their Apple devices.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence canCulture Insider: ChopsticksChopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, are a pair of small equal - length tapered sticks, usually made of wood, used for eating Asian food. It is believed the first chopsticks were developed over 5,000 years ago in China. The earliest evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan province, dating back to roughly 1,200 BC.Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture ________ 67________ They are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because maintaining an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth.Chopsticks are so frequently used in daily life that they have become more than a kind of tableware and have helped develop a set of etiquette and customs of their own. ________68________ While the principles of chopstick etiquette are similar in many of these places, the finer points may differ from region to region, and there is no single standard for the use of chopsticks. Generally, chopsticks are not used to make noise, to draw attention, or to gesticulate（做手势）.________ 69________ For example, you can buy a pair of exquisite chopsticks as a gift for your friends and relatives. In Chinese, "chopsticks" reads "kuaizi," which means to have sons soon, so a newly - married couple will be very happy to accept chopsticks as their wedding gift. Skillful craftsmen paint beautiful scenery on chopsticks to make them like fine artworks. Many people love to collect these elegant utensils.It has been said that using chopsticks improves one's memory, increases finger dexterity and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as Chinese character printing and brush painting. Many Asian superstitions（迷信）revolve around chopsticks as well. For example, if you find an uneven pair of chopsticks at your table setting, it is believed you will miss the next train, boat or plane you are trying to catch. ________70________.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.China's Film Industry Finally Joins the Space RaceChina was a latecomer to space exploration, and in the movies, it has been a latecomer toscience fiction, too. But that is about to change.The country's first blockbuster set in space，The Wandering Earth, opens Tuesday amid great expectations that it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking.The Wandering Earth, shown in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the Sun is about to expand into a red giant and devour（吞噬）Earth. Therefore, earth's governments rally and come up with a novel solution: they attempt to use 10,000 gigantic jets, known as the Earth Engines, to blast Earth out of its orbit and off on a hundred - generation journey to a new home 4.2 light-years away. However, a malfunction of the Earth Engine system leaves the planet caught in Jupiter's gravity, and gradually being pulled toward destruction. A group of workers have to race against time to reactivate the jets and correct the Earth's course.So far, the reviews have been positive. "Film-makers in China see science fiction as a holy grail (an ultimate goal)," said Raymond, an independent critic, who noted that Hollywood had set the technological standards, and thus audience expectations, very high.The Wandering Earth is adapted from a novel by Liu Cixin, the writer who has led a renaissance （复兴）in science fiction here, becoming the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award, the top award in science fiction, in 2015. His novels are sprawling epics and deeply researched. That makes them plausible fantasies about humanity's encounters with a dangerous universe.The openings also come as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on the far side of the moon in January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts in orbit and has ambitious plans to join - or even lead - a new age of space exploration.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这次意外受伤使得这位足坛后起之秀无法在海外继续打拼了。

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2020年上海交通大学附属中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及参考答案

2020年上海交通大学附属中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThis is a list of places to spend the 2020 Olympics if you aren't going to Japan.AustraliaThe fact that the summer Olympics fall during Australia's winter season is worth keeping in mind for two reasons: it makes traveling there cheaper, and it's still not too cold. As far as the Olympics are concerned, there will be no shortage of opportunities to watch the Games in between your various explorations of the country and its limitless activities.ThailandThailand is a breathtaking place 10 spend some time during any summer, and provides a perfect setting for Olympie viewing: You can go scuba diving one morning before watching sports all afternoon, or simply duck out for world-famous street food in between events. But Thai sports fans may also be taking extra interest in the Olympics these days.United StatesThe U.S. is likely to be as interested in the Olympics as any other nation, given is collection of athletes who will be taking center stage. You can rest assured it won't be difficult to watch the Games no matter where you're visiting specifically. This leaves you with all sorts of fun options. You can visit a luxury ski resort town like Aspen, which turns into a gorgeous hiking destination in the summer.Great BritainNot unlike the U, s. Britain will make for a fun place to spend the 2020 Olympics because there's a great deal of national interest in a number of different sports, and the local athletes are expected to be competitive. Summer can also be a good time to be in Britain in general," with ly mild temperatures allowing for full exploration of the country. That means you can stay in the beautiful Lake District if you like, hiking or kayaking when you're not watching the Games.1.What is special about Australia as a destination in an Olympic summer?A.Its season.B.Its activities.C.Its sports.D.Its scenery,2.Which country can you go to if you are a street food lover?A.Australia.B.Thailand.C.United States.D.Great Britain.3.What do the U. S. and Britain have in common as fun places to spend the 2020 Olympics?A.They both have a pleasant temperature.B.They are both interested in the Games.CThey both own lots of sports centers. D.They are both English-speaking countries.BThere is no such thing as a “safe" level of drinking, with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health, according to a new study.In an observational study, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25,000 people in the UK, and their brain scans. The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter-regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed," according to leadauthor Anya Topiwala, a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.“The more people drank, the less the volume of their gray matter,“ Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia(痴呆症).Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing,“ she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this(0. 8%), it was a greater contribution than other "modifiable" risk factors," she said, explaining that modifiable risk factors are “ ones you can do something about, in contrast to aging.”The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns, beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health. They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking-meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it. They also found no evidence that the type of drink— such as wine, spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain. However, certain characteristics, such as high blood pressure, obesity or binge-drinking, could put people at higher risk, researchers added.The risks of alcohol have long been known：Previous studies have found that there's no amount of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for your overall health. Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016, accounting for nearly one in 10 deaths, according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018.“It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health," Sadie Boniface, head of researchat the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies, said via email. "We also shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks. ”4. What is the function of gray matter?A. Control the mount of alcoholB. Process informationC. Scan the brainD. Predict the performance on memory5. Which is NOT true in the following statements according to the study?A. Drinking alcohol is worse than not drinking.B. With people getting older, brain volume reduces.C. Alcohol was the major risk factor for disease and premature death.D. The less people drink alcohol, the more the volume of their gray matter.6. Which is one of the "modifiable" risk factors?A. SmokingB. AgingC. DeathD. Disease7. What is the main idea of the text?A. The mount of alcohol is not related to people's health.B. People drinking alcohol do harm to their brain health.C. People drinking alcohol lead to dementia.D. Theresa great deal of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for health.CTrue friend from a distant landInternational friends can come in many shapes and sizes. However they arrive on the scene, they are always appreciated, especially in times ofturbulence. Michael Lindsay (1909 — 94) is a case in point.After graduating from the University of Oxford in 1931, Lindsay arrived in China in 1937 on a ship from Canada intending merely to teach economics at Beiping Yenching University, the current Peking University. He traveled with Norman Bethune the Canadian doctor who dedicated his life to medicine in China during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931 — 45).Lindsay left Beijing at the end of 1941, and went to the Communist-led Jinchaji base(晋察冀边区)together with his wife Li Xiaoli, who was a Shanxi local and a former student of his.“Lindsay was inspired by the hard work local Chinesepeople made in fighting against Japanese aggression. After learning that Chinese armies on the frontlines were suffering supply shortages, Lindsay was determined to lend a hand," says Yan Juhai, a retired official from Shanxi's Lyuliang city. "In the Jinchaji base, NieRongzhen( 1899— 1992), the base's top commander, appointed him to work as the communications expert, where he became a full-time radio technician contributing greatly in communication technology innovation and training," says Yan.In 1944 Lindsay and his wife arrived in Yan'an in Shaanxi province and helped fix its telecommunication equipment. They stayed for 18 months in Yan'an, and after the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, they decided to return to the United Kingdom to visit their parents.8. Which word in the following can best replace the underlined word?A. peaceB. warC. stressD. sorrow9. Why did Lindsay go to the Communist-led Jinchaji base according to Yan Juhai?A. Because his wife was a Shanxi local.B. Because he was warmly invited by NieRongzhen.C. Because he was touched by Chinese people's effortsD. Because he was more interested in communications.10. What can we learn from the article?A. Lindsay and his wife stayed in China for over 8 years.B. Lindsay's wife was also skilled in communication technology.C. Lindsay was appointed as the communications consultant in Shanxi province.D. Lindsay taught economics in the Jinchaji base besides his work as a radio expert.11. Where is the text probably from?A. a guidebookB. a novelC. a diaryD. a newspaperDThere are similarities and differences between high school life and college life.For one thing, there are several similarities between high school life and collegelife. First, the most important task in high school and college is both studying. Studying is the most important as a student. Second, we need a goal to fight for in both high school life and college life. To lead a meaningful life, we have to set up a goal to achieve.For another, there are also some differences between high school life and college life. First, our studying is also the biggest difference. In high school, we are required to follow our teachers' steps and finish theirassignmentsevery day. While in college, there are no teachers giving such detailed requirements to us and wecan choose study or not according to our own willing. What and how to study totally depends on us. Therefore, the ability of self-control is very important in college life. Second, the flexibility (灵活性) of time is another difference. In high school, we have no much leisure except for our time of study. However, in college, we have much controlled by ourselves except the time of classes. And we have more time to do what we like. Finally, college lifeis much more various and richer. Besides study, we can attend many other activities, which make our college life more wonderful.In brief, there are both similarities and differences between high school life and college life. However, no matter we are in which period, we need to make full use of every day so that we will never feel regretful.12. Why do students need a goal to fight in high school and college?A. To enter a good college.B. To avoid living a meaningless life.C. To develop the ability of control.D. To meet their parents’ satisfaction.13. What does the underlined word “assignments” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Projects.B. Tasks.C. Goals.D. Dreams.14. Which is the correct structure of the passage?A. ①-②③-④B. ①②-③-④C. ①-②③④D.①②-③④15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. College LifeB. High School LifeC. High School and CollegeD. High School Life and College Life第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市嘉定区2020届高三下学期第二次质量调研测试(二模)英语试题+Word版含答案

2020上海嘉定区高三英语二模试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Customer and salesperson.B. Teacher and student.D. Guest and waitress.C. Boss and secretary.2. A. The program was not interesting enough.B. She didn't want to listen to the program.C. She had to meet her students.D. The students' questions kept her busy.3. A. Help the man with his essay.B. Memorize her lines by herself.C. Wait until the man finishes his essay.D. Ask Sue to help her.D. Shopping for running shoes4. A. Practice her presentation in front of him.B. Find out who her audience will be.C. Try not to think about her audience.5. A. Writing a term paper.B. Studying for a history test.C. Reading a magazine.D. Watch him make his presentation.6. A. He doesn't like the way Americans speak.B. He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.C. He doesn't mind speaking English with an accent.D. His English is still poor after ten years in America.7. A. The box office is closed today.B. The tickets have been sold out.C. He doesn't want to go to the concert.D. It's too late to buy the morning paper.8. A. He received a good evaluation.B. He enjoyed a wonderful performance.C. He's getting along well with his supervisor.D. He gave a good performance in the evaluation.9. A. The library is closed on weekends.B. He had no idea where the book was.C. He wasn't allowed to check out the book.D. He didn't get the book he needed.10. A. He can't hear Tom clearly.B. Tom's speech is too deep.C. Tom doesn't speak directly.D. Tom doesn't talk about the proposal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He wrote the Superman stories.B. He was the best American journalistC. He was the boss of many newspapers.D. He won prizes for press photography.12. A. It stood up for the common people.B. It made public the wrongdoing of officials.C. It established a famous prize for journalism.英语学习讲义D. It probably provided a model for the Daily Planet13. A. Model newspaper.B. Excellence in journalism.D. Best school of journalism in America.C. Impressive public opinions.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The fondness for the Ambassador.B. The long history of the Ambassador.C. The brilliant functions of the Ambassador.D. The stop of the production of the Ambassador.15. A. Low demand and lack of money.B. High price and strong competition.C. Lack of buyers and poor economy.D. Few changes and less competitiveness.16. A. Because the car can operate with ease.B. Because the car has a strong steel body.C. Because the car has a very long history.D. Because the car can be fixed at a low cost.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Whether high-quality students can explain concepts clearly.B. Whether schools should adopt gifted education programs.C. Whether regular students can benefit from gifted ones.D. Whether parents can do something for the smart kids18. A. They will feel superior to their peers.B. They will focus on assisting their teachers.C. They will get motivated and reach their full potential.D. They will lose the chance to tutor their struggling peers.19. A. Gifted education programs are beneficial to some schools here.B. Both slower and advanced learners should receive special education.C. Regular classes discourage bright students' motivation due to boredom.D. Gifted programs rob average students of the chance to learn from bright ones.20. A. He has prejudice against regular students.B. He has preference for bright students.C. He is enthusiastic about gifted programs.D. He lacks understanding of gifted studentsⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Long-term low self-esteem can cause depressionLow self-esteem makes us feel bad about ourselves. But did you know that over time it also can cause the development of serious mental conditions such as depression?Self-esteem is, very simply, he set of feelings you have about yourself. It’s developed by your experiences, thoughts, feelings, and relationships. (21) ________ self-knowledge, which refers to how much you know about yourself, self-esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not. Depression is much more than just feeling sad. It drains your energy and makes everyday activities difficult.Doctors use low self-esteem as one possible symptom (22) ________ they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder. They don’t necessarily care (23) ________ low self-esteem causes the depression or vice versa. However, personality researchers have long wondered about the chicken-and-egg problem of self-esteem and depression. Certainly, if you dislike yourself, you’ll be more likely (24) ________ (depress). On the other hand, if you’re depressed, you’ll be more likely to feel bad about yourself. The only way that (25) ________ (employ) to explore the highly related concepts of self-esteem and depression is through continuous research, (26) ________ ________ people are followed up over time.A study on depression conducted by University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth, (27) ________ (contrast) the competing directions of self-esteem to depression vs depression to self-esteem. The findings have revealed that over time low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression, regardless of who is tested and how. The study indicates that low self-esteem causes depression (28) ________ not vice versa.Therefore, if a person has low self-esteem, there’s a (29) ________ (great) risk of developing depression. This is a very important discovery because it shows that (30) ________ (improve) a person’s self-esteem can make him or her feel better.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Put down the phone and live in the momentHave you ever unintentionally left your phone at home and wondered how you would get through the day? Baylor College of Medicine’s Dr. Jin Han explains why this might be a sign that you need to put down your phone more often.“There has been a(n) __31__ in technology as our phones have gone from just regular cell phones to smart phones that allow you to multitask all with one device,”said Han, assistant professor at Baylor. “You use your phone now to receive emails, to text and chat and to access social media platforms -- __32__ your phone may be your connection to your social life.”Although they offer many advantages, Han cautions that using your smart devices can be harmful if you use them too much. For example, using your smart phone while driving, or even walking, can cause serious accidents. Also, staring at your screen for too long can be harmful to your __33__.Being __34__ too long to your phone also can impact the quality of your relationships, he said. If you are on your phone constantly and not __35__ with those around you, it can take away from your relationships with your family and friends. In addition, if you are using your phone too much in front your children, then they will likely follow your lead and use their own smart devicesrather than __36__ with you.“ In the end, the question is how you balance using your phone while not negatively __37__ your health.” Han said. “Anything that you are doing to the __38__ is no healthy anymore. While it is going to be almost impossible not to use this technology, we have t create a behavior that is healthy.”To help __39__ the time you spend on your phone, Han offered the following tips:●Limit the time spent on your phone: Set up certain time that you allow yourself to be on thephone.●Do not use your phone at night: Being on your phone late into the night can make it harderfor you to fall asleep and wake up the next day. Restricting your phone use at night can help you __40__ a healthy sleep behavior.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math Drinking coffee has benefits. __41__ the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent（气味）of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMA T, a computer adaptive test __42__ by many business schools.The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only __43__ the hidden force of scent and the cognitive（认知）improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings.“It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already __44__,”says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstraded that this expectation was at least partly __45__ their improved performance.”___46___, smelling a coffee - like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo（安慰剂）effect of coffee scent.Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the __47__ of a coffee - like scent, while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test.Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase __48__ and consequently improve performance?The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on __49__ about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that __50__ to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that __51__ about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) __52__ placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding - that coffee - like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance - has many practical __53__, including several for business.“Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,”says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help __54__ employees’or occupants’experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and __55__.”41. A. In contrast to B. Contrary to C. In addition to D. Equivalent to42. A. acquired B. required C. justified D. inquired43. A. distributes B. stimulates C. dominates D. highlights44. A. encouraging B. imposing C. conflicting D. challenging45. A. characterized by B. called for C. responsible for D. typical of46. A. In short B. By comparison C. In particular D. After all47. A. lack B., shift C. withdrawal D. presence48. A. comprehension B. alertness C. conscience D. context49. A. evidence B. definition C. symptom D. belief50. A. adaptation B. commitment C. exposure D. alternative51. A. implication B. expectation C. indication D. illustration52. A. similar B. concrete C. modified D. estimated53. A. simplification B. description C. resignation D. application54. A. enhance B. evaluate C. exploit D. prospect55. A. negotiation B. priority C. potential D. strategySection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are. Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect.The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them? What makes them ache? What do they long for?It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They are the compass（罗盘）that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. It’s just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that it’s important we are all also held accountable for our actions.I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means I’m not competing with anyone for a shiny object; I’d rather compete with myself. It’s about becoming so uniquely different that it would be aninsult for me to measure myself against someone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others bused on my unique knowledge and experience.If this resonates with（与……共鸣）you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. It’s a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it -- not just personally, but also collectively.56. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?A. The external markers are better ways to know a person.B. People generally judge others’ worth by what they have achieved.C. The author is someone who is keen on power games.D. Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly.57. What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean?A. be relatively similar toB. cause something to be stronger thanC. make something less importantD. block off light from something58. What of the following might the author agree with?A. Life is hard, so we shouldn’t criticize others when they are not responsible.B. One should overcome self-interest in order to judge others objectively.C. Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.D. One should see and understand another person using a real compass.59. Why does the author write the article?A. To promote harmonious living.B. To ask people not to judge others.C. To call on readers to learn his values.D. To share his values of understanding the world.(B)The Elementary Science Fair Planning GuideThe most helpful, scientific, kid-friendly science Fair project planner known to kidsA Model, Display or Collection:Shows how something works in the real world, but doesn’t really test anything.Examples of display or collection projects can be: “The Solar System,”“Types of Dinosaurs,”“My Coin Collection.”Examples of models might be: “How a Tornado Forms” or “How an Electric Motor Works”.An Experiment:Lots of information is given, but it also has a project that shows testing being done and the gathering of data.Examples of experiments can be: “The Effects of Detergent（洗衣粉）on the Growth of Plants” or “Which Paper Towel is more Absorbent”.You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing something several times and changing a variable（变量）to see what will happen.Even though you can learn a lot from building a model or display, we recommend that you do an experiment! Why? Well, they are fun, they are more interesting and most of all, they take you through the SCIENTIFIC METHOD, which is the way real scientists investigate in real science labs. Besides that, the scientific method is what the judges are looking for!60. Which of the following science projects might be recommended by the guide?A. How swallows build their nests.B. What the solar system consists of.C. The three dances bees use to communicate.D. What structure can hold the most amount of weight.61. According to the guide, which of the following is TRUE?A. A model or a display is a great choice for the science fair.B. A hypothesis goes before a Question in doing an experiment.C. What tells an experiment from a model is whether to test something.D. The judges will instruct the scientific method before the science fair.62. Who will be most interested in reading this guide?A. Undergraduate students.B. Parents who have young kids.C. Staff working in the science labs.D. Judges invited to a science fair.(C)Getting active in midlife could be as good for you as starting young when it comes to reducing the risk of an early death, researchers have suggested. But experts say the study also shows that the benefits fade once exercise declines.“If you maintain an active lifestyle or participate in some sort of exercise from youth to middle age, you can reduce your risk for dying,” said Dr. Pedro Saint-Maurice, the lead author of the research. “If you are not active and you get to your 40s - 50s and you decide to become active, you can still enjoy a lot of those benefits.”The study was based on data from more than 300,000 Americans aged 50 - 71 who undertook a questionnaire（问卷）in the late-1990s. They were asked to recall the extent of their moderate to vigorous leisure exercise at different stages of their life. Researchers then used national records to track who died in the years up to the end of 2016. After taking into account factors including age, sex, smoking and diet, the team found that those who were exercising into middle age had a lower risk of death than those who had never carried out any leisure exercise. However, when the team looked at different patterns in the way people were active over their life, it found a surprise.Men and women who started exercising at the age of 40 - 50 reduced their risk of death from any cause by about 35%. The benefit was similar to that seen for people who reached and maintained similar activity from their teens or 20s onwards.However, the study found that the protective effect of exercise did not last forever. People whose levels of leisure exercise decreased by middle age had no difference in the risk of an early death to those who had always been couch potatoes. “If you have been active and you slowly decrease your exercise participation as you age, you lose a lot of the benefits that we know are associated with exercise,” Saint - Maurice said.But the study has limitations, including that it is based on individuals recalling how active they were many years before. What’s more, the research looked only at death records, not other aspects of health such as levels of sickness and disease. Nonetheless, he said, the message was positive. “This adds to the growing body of evidence about the importance of physical activity and exercise across he life course, and indicates that it is never too late to start.”63. Which of the following is TRUE about the study?A. The study took about two decades to complete.B. The study involved around 30,000 elderly Americans.C. Questionnaires and interviews were the sources of data.D. The participants in the study took regular physical exercise.64. According to the passage, what does “a surprise” (Para.3) refer to?A. The earlier you exercise, the greater your health benefits will be.B. Participating in exercise from youth to middle age benefits one’s health greatly.C. The benefit of getting active in midlife is similar to that of starting young.D. The benefits of exercising in midlife will decline once you stop exercising.65. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A. an active lifestyle will not necessarily bring positive health benefits.B. participants’ memories may affect the reliability of the study resultC. people exercising from their teens can maintain health foreverD. women benefit more from vigorous exercise than men do66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Exercise has its limitations, studies showB. Getting active when young, experts suggestC. Health benefits fade with age, doctors warnD. Never too old to start, researchers saySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ecotourism can put wild animals at riskEcotourism has become increasingly popular in recent years. _____67_____ There travelers visit natural environments to fund conservation efforts or promote local economies.Now, scientists have analyzed more than 100 research studies on how ecotourism affects wild animals. They find the presence of humans changes the way animals behave, and those changes may put them at risk. Therefore, they concluded that such trips can be harmful to the animals.When animals interact in seemingly kind ways with humans, they may let down their guard. _____68_____. If this transfers to their interactions with predators（捕食者）, they are more likely to be injured or killed.The presence of humans can also discourage natural predators. It creates a kind of safe place for smaller animals that may make them bolder. For example, in Grand Teton National Park, elk and pronghorns in areas with more tourists are less alert and spend more time eating.____69____ “If animals become accustomed to tourists and if tourism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species’ function in its community,” the researchers write.Ecotourism has effects similar to those of animal domestication and urbanization. Research has shown that domesticated silver foxes become more obedient and less fearful. Fox squirrels and birds that live in urbanized areas are slower to flee from danger. _____70_____ Scientists hope the new analysis will encourage more research into the interactions between people and wildlife. It is essential to develop further understanding of how various species in various situations respond to human interaction and under what conditions human exposure may place them at risk.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. High level of deforestation continuesWe are all aware of the threats our planet is facing. Experts agree that it’s mainly us humans who are responsible for the destruction of the environment. One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is cutting down forests - deforestation. This is done for many reasons, such as providing wood for fuel, making land available for housing or for crating space for more cattle to graze（吃草）on. This has been most noticeable in Brazil, which is home to the world’s largest rainforest. Deforestation there has hit its highest rate in a decade, according to official data. Overthe course of a year, an area about five times the size of London has been destroyed.The amount of deforestation in the Amazon and in other tropical（热带的）regions has actually seen a decline but the figures are still large. Global Forest Watch say that in 2018, an area equivalent to 30 football fields were cut down every minute. Frances Seymour from the World Resources Institute says that “If you look back over the last 18 years, it is clear that the overall trend is still upwards. We are nowhere near winning this battle.”What’s special about places like the Amazon is that they are primary forests which exist in their original condition with some species of trees dating back thousands of years. This habitat is home to unique and rare animals and is critical for sustaining biodiversity（生物多样性）. The BBC’s environment correspondent, Matt McGrath, says “These old forests really matter as stores of carbon dioxide, which is way the loss of 3.6 million hectares in 2018 is concerning.”Brazil has taken some steps to try and decrease deforestation by introducing government policies including fines for breaking land use regulations and illegal logging. And International campaigns to stop the trade of soy and beef farmed on deforested parts of the Amazon have also had a significant impact.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 应该高度重视对这种常见病的预防。

上海市嘉定区2020年高考教学质量检测(二模)英语试题及答案(word版)(1)

嘉定区2020-2020学年第二学期教学质量监测高三年级英语学科试卷2020.4 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

1. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He is angry. B. He is exhausted.C. He is hungry.D. He is disappointed.2. A. Go over his lessons. B. Attend the party.C. Eat out with friends.D. Take the final exam.3. A. She is most likely to be arrested. B. She has forgotten to call the police.C. She may have lost her driver license.D. She is lying to the police office.4. A. Bill is taking a test. B. Mum will probably reward Bill.C. Bill always fails tests.D. Mum is worried about Bill’s test.5. A. Make a recovery plan. B. Go back to work.C. Drop out of school.D. Quit her present job.6. A. She gave him a lift home again. B. She offered him an extra room.C. She treated him well at her home.D. She spared much time for him.7. A. She doesn’t have time to find a new flat.B. She has not paid enough rent in advance.C. She’s unlikely to give up the nice flat.D. She wants to decorate the flat in the holiday.8. A. Extreme sports. B. Travel insurance.C. Bungee jumping.D. Diving safety.9. A. She likes Philips’ singing very much. B. She appreciates other kinds of musicals.C. She prefers the changes of his musicals.D. She admires other singers more than Philips.10. A. American students are too talkative in class.B. It is hard to learn a lot in an American school.C. One can join in schooling in different ways.D. Active participation is greatly encouraged.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. One should wait for things to happen before worrying.B. One should remain silent when things are getting hard.C. One should try to take control of the difficult situation.D. One should turn to other people for instant help.12. A. By motivating himself to take action. B. By seeking help from his friends.C. By thinking of the meaning of life.D. By taking good care of himself.13. A. Life is not always peaceful and is full of deadly accidents.B. Keep a positive attitude and focus on survival whatever happens.C. Excellent equipment is the essential factor in surviving crises.D. By ready to get immediate assistance when lost in the jungle.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In 1969. B. In 2020. C. In 1976. D. In 2020.15. A. Suggested creating a university of science and technology in Egypt.B. Helped many Egyptian scientists to be awarded the Nobel Prize.C. Had close cooperation with the University of California in the U.S..D. Provided excellent Egyptian students with more financial support.16. A. For his relationship with Egyptian President.B. For his academic performance in technology.C. For his good service in the Egyptian Army.D. For his outstanding contributions to Egypt.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It offers different opinions on old age.B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.C. It investigates causes of the aging problems.D. It reveals the secrets of living longer.18. A. The old are thought to be healthy but lonely.B. The old are reported to be poor but happy.C. The old are regarded as unattractive group.D. The old are considered dangerous to the society.19. A. They are easy to fall down with serious illness.B. They enjoy traveling and getting new experiences.C. They are difficult to be recognized due to the changes.D. They’ve no more mental problem than the middle aged.20. A. Raise people’s Awareness to care f or the old.B. Help people take their responsibilities for the old.C. Change people’s attitude towards the old age.D. Ease people’s fear and anxiety about old age.II. Grammar and VocabularySection AStephen Hawking: Science’s Brightest StarHis family released a statement in the early hours of Wednesday morning confirming his death at his home in Cambridge.Hawking’s children, Lucy, Robert and Tim, said in a statement: “We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today. He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man (21)______ work and legacy will live on for many years.”For fellow scientists and loved ones, it was Hawking’s intuition and wicked sense of humor (22)______ marked him out as much as the fierce intellect that, coupled with his illness, came to symbolize (23)______ unbounded possibilities of the human mind.Hawking was driven to Wagner, but not the bottle, when he (24)______ (diagnose) with motor neurone disease in 1963 at the age of 21. Doctors expected him (25)______ (live) for only two more years. But Hawking had a form of the disease that progressed more slowly than usual. He survived for more than half a century.Hawking once estimated he worked only 1,000 hours during his three undergraduate years at Oxford. In his finals, he came close (26)______ a first- and second-class degree. (27)______ (convince) that he was seen as a difficult student, he told his examiners that if they gave him a first he would move to Cambridge to pursue his phD. Award a second and he threatened to stay. They opted for a first.Those who live in the shadow of death are often those who live most. For Hawking, the early diagnosis of his terminal disease, and (28)______ (witness) the death from leukemia of a boy he knew in hospital, aroused a fresh sense of purpose. “(29)______ there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research,” he once said. Taking up his career in earnest, hedeclared: “My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is (30)______ it is and why it exists at all.”Section BA. analysisB. usuallyC. assuresD. poursE. developmentF. necessaryG. cloudy H. absent I. cultivate J. allow K. extremelyHe is kindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife __32__ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it __33__ to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still __34__ light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and __35__ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will __36__.Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he __37__ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful __38__.Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AStandards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效)Quality teaching depend s on not just teacher’s knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent curriculum focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work __41__ with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their __42__.If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the __43__of each aspect of their work – a practice reinforced by their accreditation(评定) requirements, - schools must have regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness.As Richard Rothstein and colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountability can be supported by school __44__, like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms, __45__ samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences, __46__ looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make __47__ about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力) for principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the __48__ and comparability of school-based assessments (as in England and Australia), as well as school’s internal assessmen t and evaluation process (as in Hong Kong).In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’ __49__ and progress on a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social __50__, the acquisition of workplace skills and the __51__ to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a __52__ lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedback on what the inspectors both saw and __53__. Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert __54__ and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be __55__ if they are not improved.41. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully42. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices43. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements44. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration45. A. taking B. improving C. examining D. copying46. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as47. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions48. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D. support49. A. education B. performance C. attention D. interest50. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits51. A. frequency B. consistence C. satisfaction D. extent52. A. comparable B. healthy C. different D. unique53. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded54. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations55. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled downSection B(A)Eye Scan Technology Comes to SchoolsABC News: Parents who want to pick up their kids at school in one New Jersey district now can submit to iris(虹膜) scans, as the technology that helps keep our nation’s airports andhotels safe begins to make its way further into American lives.When picking up a child, the adult provide s a driver’s license and then submits to an eye scan. If the iris image camera recognizes his or her eyes, the door clicks open.The Freehold Borough School District launched this high-tech security system on Monday with funding from the Department of Justice as part of a study on the system’s effectiveness.As many as four adults can be authorized to pick up each child in the district, but in order to be authorized to come into school, they will be asked to register with the district’s iris recognition security and visitor management system. At this point, the New Jersey program is not a must.If someone tries to slip in behind an authorized person, the system causes an alarm and red flashing lights in the front office. The entire process takes just seconds.This kind of technology is already at work in airports around the country like Orlando International Airport, where the program has been in operation since July. It has 12,000 subscribers who pay $79.95 for the convenience of submitting to iris scans rather than going through lengthy security checks.An iris scan is said to be more accurate than a fingerprint because it records 240 unique details—far more than the seven to twenty-four details that are analyzed in fingerprints. The chances of being misidentified by an iris scan are about one in 1.2 million and just one in 1.44 trillion if you scan both eyes.Phil Meara, the Freehold District official, said that although it was expensive, the program would help schools a cross the country move into a new frontier in child protection. “This is all part of a larger emphasis, here in New Jersey, on school safety,” he said. “We chose this school because we were looking for a typical slightly urban school to launch the system.”Meara applied for a $369,000 grant on behalf of the school district and had the eye scanners installed in two grammar schools and one middle school. So far, 300 of the nearly 1,500 individuals available to pick up a student from school have registered for the eye scan system.56. Why does the Freehold Borough School District adopt the eye scan security system?A. To ensure the school safety and efficiency of picking up children.B. To encourage more students to register in New Jersey urban schools.C. To test the effectiveness of school security and management system.D. To collect the information of the children and their beloved parents.57. What makes the eye san system more accurate than the fingerprint system?A. Processing the data of the authorized people faster.B. Identifying the data of the adults to pick up children.C. Submitting the data of the authorized people conveniently.D. Providing far more unique details of the authorized ones.58. How does Phil Meara help to protect the safety of children?A. By asking people to register with the security system.B. By applying for grant to install eye scanners in schools.C. By asking the department of justice to fund this program.D. By turning to Orlando International Airport for help.59. The eye scan system can be best described as ______.A. safe and cheapB. portable and usefulC. smart and accurateD. popular and helpful(B)Senior Manager Major Gift Fundraising & Special ProjectsBlind Veterans UK is the national charity helping blind ex-service men and women lead independent and fulfilling lives. We offer blind veterans access to the highest quality of services to help them discover life beyond sight loss. We have an exciting opportunity for an innovative and resourceful individual to join our Partnerships team based at our headquarters in London. The team focuses on securing donations from HNWIs, Trusts and Companies. This role focuses on securing support from HNWIs. The special projects aspect of the role relates to annual activities that offer an opportunity to develop relationships with the target audience.We are looking for an experienced individual with a sound track record in the following areas:. Identifying prospects with the capacity and tendency to supportλ. Developing and implementing cultivation and marketing strategiesλ. Managing a document of current as well as prospective major donorsλ. Planning and driving peer to peer fundraisingλ. Organizing promotion eventsλ. Delivering against a personal target and team targetsλThe successful candidate will also have some people management experience and an expert in major gift fundraising processes will be considered as priority.In return for your talent, we offer competitive conditions of service and a conducive environment. To apply, please send your up to date CV and Supporting Statement of not more than 500 words to Recruitment.Ldn@, outlining how your skills and experience meet the person specification.Interview date: Week starting from 26 March 2020Please note only applicants who submit a CV with a supporting statement will be considered.Due to the high number of enquiries and applications we receive for our vacancies we don’t acknowledge each one –if you haven’t heard from us within a week of the closing dat e, pleaseassume that we won’t be inviting you for an interview. You are, of course, welcome to try again if a suitable post comes up. We are unable to provide feedback to candidates not shortlisted for interview.60. The passage is mainly written to ______.A. invite people to join the fundraising eventsB. seek the right person to be Senior ManagerC. inform the blind veterans of money serviceD. attract the interest of potential donors61. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?A. The application fails if one isn’t informed before 26 March.B. The application should include a lengthy personal statement.C. All the applicants will receive an invitation before interview.D. The applicants should send his application when he is free.62. What experience is most likely to help a candidate stand out?A. People management experience.B. Annul activities experience.C. Peer to peer fundraising experience.D. Large-scale fundraising experience.(C)As businesses and governments have struggled to understand the so-called millennials—born between roughly 1980 and 2000—one frequent conclusion has been that they have a unique love of cities. A deep-seated preference for night life and subways, the thinking goes, has driven the prosperity of urban cores across the U.S. over the last decade-plus.But there’s mounting evidence that millennials’ love of cities was only a passing fling(放纵). Millennials don’t love cities any more than pr evious generations.The latest argument comes from Dowell Myers, an urban planning professor at USC. As they age, says Myers, millennials’ presence in cities, will “be evaporating…through our fingers, if we don’t make some plans now.” That’s because millennials’ preference for cities will fade as they start families and become more established in their careers.It’s about more than aging, though. Demographer William Frey has been arguing for years that millennials have become ‘stuck’ in cities by the 2008 downturn and the following slow recovery, with poor job prospects and declining wages making it harder for them to afford to buy homes in suburbia.Myers, too, says observers have confused young people’s presence in cities with a preference for cities. Survey data shows that more millennials would like to be living in the suburbs than actually are. But the normal career and family cycles moving young people from cities into suburban houses have become, in Myers’ words, “a plugged up drain.”But unemployment has finally returned to healthy lows (though participation rates and wages are still largely depressing), which Myers says should finally increase mobility for millennials.Other trends among millennials, supposedly matters of lifestyle preference, have already turned out to have been driven mostly by economics. What was once considered their broad preference for public transit may have always been a now-reversing inability to afford cars. Even decades-long trends towards marryi ng later have been stressed as today’s young people struggle for financial stability.Investors are already taking the idea that millennials will return to old behavior patterns seriously, putting more money into auto manufacturers and developers. But urban lifestyles, upto and including trendy bars, aren’t just modern—they’re a part of what powers a city’s economic engines, bringing people together to explore new ideas, create companies, and build careers.From the 1960s to the 1990s, we saw that suburbanization also means an economic and social hollowing out for cities. Now that the economic restrictions are coming off today’s young city residents, cities that want to stay vibrant have to figure out how to convince them—and their growing families—to stick around.63. Over the last decade, what is thought to have ensured the prosperity of the city?A. Fast economic development.B. Around-the-clock club services.C. Convenient public transport.D. Well-established careers.64. Why are Millennials about to leave city?A. It is too expensive for them to buy apartment in cities.B. They find it difficult for to seek a good job in cities.C. It is easier to get married moving to the suburban.D. They are more confident with their economic situation.65. What does the author mean quoting Myer’s “a plugged up drain”(para 5)?A. Millennials are reluctant to leave attractive cities.B. Millennials are stopped from moving to the suburbs.C. Millennials are unwilling to be cut off from the suburban.D. Millennials are afraid of another economic decline.66. How does the author feel about the suburbanization?A. sign of stable finance.B. A growth of health issues.C. A conflict of new ideas.D. A loss of modern life.Section CA. Some experts think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts.B. Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade.C. In ancient Greek myths, Minoan society was quite prosperous and highly civilized.D. The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture.E. Minoan culture didn’t exist before until Arthur Evans discovered t he palace under the earth.F. Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths.____67____ With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records, These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time.The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade.____68_____ These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Expert analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.____69____ Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant décor(装饰品). ____70_____ The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.IV. Summary WritingThe Conflict of the OrdersThe types of people who served as officials in the Roman government changed over time. These changes stemmed from the attempts of common people to more rights. The struggles became known as the Conflict of the Orders.In the early republic, Romans were divided into two classes of people: patricians and plebeians. Patricians were powerful landowners who controlled the government. As nobles, they inherited their power. Plebeians, who made up most of the population, were mainly farmers and workers. For many years, plebeians had few rights. They could vote, but they were barred from holding most public offices. Plebeians could not even know Roman laws because laws were not written down. In court, a judge stated and applied the law, but only patricians served as judges.Over time, plebeians increased their power through demand and strikes. They gained the right to join the army, hold government office, form their own assembly, and elect leaders. In one of their greatest victories, they forced the government to write down the laws of the Roman Republic. In about 450, B.C. the Romans engraved their laws on tablets called the Twelve Tables. The laws were placed in the Forum, the chief public square, for all to view.The first plebeians were appointed to the government in the late 400s B.C. After 342 B.C., a plebeian always held one of the consul positions. By about 300 B.C. many plebeians had become so powerful and wealthy themselves that they joined with patricians to form the Roman nobility. From that time on, the distinction between patricians and plebeians was not a important. Membership in the nobility was still very important, however, since government officials were not paid a salary, only wealthy nobles could afford to hold office. Thus, the nobles still controlled the republic.V. Translation72. 他在会议上提出的建议值得三思。

2020届上海交通大学附属中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案解析

2020届上海交通大学附属中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAlthough Adrian Wood had already sent her three oldest children off toWhiteOakElementary SchoolinEdenton,North Carolina, she was anxious when it was her youngest son Amos's turn to start classes.Adriansaid, “Sending Amos to school was such a different path. He was 3 when he started school. He had autism(自闭症)and he didn't speak."Amos struggled to make friends and fit in, but there was always one person there who was very happy to see him. Raymond Brown has worked at the school as a guard for the past 15 years. All of the students know and love him, and he's truly a friend to all. He started callingAdrian's son “Famous Amos” on day one. To the mom's surprise, Amos quickly began responding with a cheerful "Hey, Brown” whenever he saw him. "He wasn't even saying 'daddy' at home, so it was really something, "Adriansaid.“Amos is a hard friend to have,"Adrianexplained, "He takes a lot more than he gives and that's tough for children. But those kids saw that he was popular and loved, and they started fighting over who would get to hold Amos' hand on the way to the classroom. It meant so much to me that he was favored by the other children at school, and Mr. Brown had a big hand in that.”About a year ago, school officials nominated Mr. Brown forNorth Carolina's School Hero, a $20,000 prize. When the results came out and he didn't win,Adrianwas heartbroken. She couldn't let the disappointing results stand, so she took to Facebook and created an annual “Famous Amos” prize for Mr. Brown in their community. Her neighbors answered the call, donating $35,000 in just one week! Townspeople and school officials gathered in March to celebrate Mr. Brown and give him the money they'd raised. Principal Michelle handed him a giant check and thanked him for everything he does to help kids like Amos find their way.1. What madeAdrianworried?A. Her youngest son's bad behavior.B. Her family's heavy financial burden.C. Her youngest son's mental problem.D. Her three sons' poor performance at school.2. What change did Mr. Brown bring to Amos?A. Amos became a top student at school.B. Amos got more attention from other kids.C. Amos learned to share and care about others.D. Amos had a better relationship with his family members.3. What did Mr. Brown get in the end?A. The “Famous Amos” prize.B. A check from the local government.C.North Carolina's School Hero prize.D. A small donation from the community.BA male tiger was rescued in Mishan city, Northeast China's Heilongjiang province, on Friday. A tiger was recently seen on the Siner Russian border（边界），but there is no evidence to suggest this is the same tiger or that it had lost its way from Russia.Wherever it may have come from, cross-border protection of endangered species is a problem. According to Ma Jianzhang, a senior wild animal researcher in China, tigers know no borders, which have been built to stop humans from illegally crossing over. However, these borders also stop the free movement of tigers, thus preventing their breeding（繁殖）and exchange of genes.The Sino-Russian border alsocomes in the way ofprotecting tigers in the region. Data show about 500 to 550 Siberian tigers, or over 90 percent of the species, live in the wild in Russia; 27 live in the wild in China, and 50 inthe border region. Sometimes tigers lose their way across the border and that is hindering（妨碍）efforts to stop illegal hunting and protecting them.Fortunately, both China and Russia have realized this problem and are working toward solving it. As early as 2010, the two countries established a cross-border protection network aimed at strengthening communication on protecting tigers in the northeast. The countries have also held anti-poaching（反偷猎）activities together. In 2019, two national parks from the two countries signed a three-year deal to share research data on tigers, greatly improving the living conditions of Siberian tigers in the wild.However, much more needs to be done to protect the species. It is necessary to combine the tiger protection areas in the two countries. That will require greater efforts from both sides and some difficulties might remain even then. Fortunately, both countries have been taking effective measures to provide the endangered species a better home.4. What's the original purpose of setting up the Sino-Russian borders?A. To ban people from illegal crossings.B. To help protect tigers in the region.C. To protect tigers from losing their way.D. To stop tigers' breeding and exchange of genes.5. What does the underlined phrase “comes in the way of” probably mean?A. keeps from.B. is on the way toC. is aimed atD. keeps up6. What is the focus of Paragraph 4 ?A. Recent studies and researches on tigers.B. Joint efforts by China and Russia to protect tigers.C. The possible effects of establishing a networkD. Reasons for improving the living conditions of tigers.7. What's the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To inform the possible dangers of tiger protection.B. To cover the news about a missing tiger on the border.C. To put forward suggestions on finding the missing tiger.D. To report the problems and measures of cross-border tiger protection.CChildren's average daily time spent watching television or using mobile device increased from 53 minutes at age 12 months to more than 150 minutes at 3 years, according toan analysis by researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). By age 8, children were more likely to log the highest amount of screen time if they had been in home-based children or were born to first-time mothers.“Our results indicate that screen habits begin early, ”said Edwina Yeung, an investigator in National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).“This finding suggests that interventions(干涉) to reduce screen time could have a better chance of success if introduced early.”In the research, mothers of 4, 000 children responded to questions on their kids' media habits when they were 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of age.TheAmericanAcademyof Pediatrics recommends avoiding digital media exposure for children under 18 months of age, introducing children 18 to 24 months of age to screen media slowly, and limiting screen time to an hour a day for children from 2 to 5 years of age. In the current study, researchers found that 87% of the childrenhad screen time exceeding (超过) these recommendations. However, while screen time increased throughout toddlerhood, by age 7 and 8, screen time fell to under 1.5 hours per day. The researchers believe this decrease relates to time consumed by school-related activities.The study authors classified the children into two groups based on how much their average daily screen time increased from age 1 to age 3. The first group, 73% of the total had the lowest increase, from an average of nearly 51 minutes a day to nearly an hour and 47 minutes a day. The second group, 27% of the total, had the highest increase, from nearly 37 minutes of screen time a day to about 4 hours a day. Higher levels of parental education were associated with lower odds of inclusion in the second group.8. Who use mobile device longest according to the NIH's analysis?A. 10-year-old born to first-time mothers.B. 3-year-old children in low income families.C. 8-year-old children in home-based childcare.D. 1-year-old children with parents poorly educated.9. What does the research suggest according to Edwina?A. Parents should stop their children using media.B. Parents should limit the use of digital media themselves.C. Parents should reduce their children's screen time earlier.D. Parents should avoid their children using digital media at infancy (婴儿期).10. Why does children's screen time fall when they age 7 and 8?A. They are studying at school.B. They can control themselves.C. They are tired of using them.D. They are forbidden to use them.11. Which of the following may be the best title?A. Keep Away from MediaB. Screen Habits Begin EarlyC. Urgency of Parental EducationD. Harm of Home-based ChildcareDPaper is one of our oldest, simplest and most important inventions. But it also presents a danger to the world in two important ways. First, the making of paper requires the loss of many millions of trees each year. And worldwide use of paper is expected to double in the next 40 years. Clearly, the planet cannot stand such a high rate of forest loss. The second great problem with paper is what happens once it is no longer useful. A large amount of wastepaper ends up in landfills, where it can produce harmful gases and finally contribute to globalclimate change.One simple solution can greatly reduce both of these problems: paper recycling. Instead of cutting down trees, recycle existing paper to feed the paper-making process.Paper is mainly made from cellulose (纤维素)，which can be used repeatedly in papermaking. Unfortunately, it also means that paper waste takes a surprisingly long time to break down in landfills. So far, trees are the only source(来源) of cellulose that can fill the great demand for paper products. Therefore, recycling paper is simply one of the best ways to save trees. Thanks to advances in processing, recycled paper need not be the dark-color1 edstuff many of us are familiar with. It now can offer the same print performance as non-recycled paper.Effective recycling requires a continuous effort from everyone at all levels of society. The way to begin is with education and understanding. Once enough people realize the need for recycling, more effective recycling systems can be developed.The need is real. The massive loss of trees affects everybody on earth. Everyone should do their part to recycle paper and encourage government and industry to do the same. The world will be a better place for it!12. What can we infer from the text?A. The use of recycled paper will double in 40 years.B. Recycling paper helps relieve global climate change.C. Wastepaper can easily break down in landfills.D. There are not enough landfills for wastepaper.13. What makes recycled paper more acceptable?A. The great demand of trees.B. The low processing cost.C. Its dark-color1 ed feature.D. Its improved print performance.14. What does the author propose?A. Punishing the act of cutting trees.B. Recycling paper.C. Improving recycling system.D. Promoting paper industry.15. How is the text mainly developed?A. By analyzing causes and effects.B. By offering research plans and data.C. By discussing problems and solutions.D. By comparing strengths and weaknesses.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

英语_2020届上海市嘉定区高三二模英语试题含答案

2020届上海市嘉定区高三二模英语试题一、用单词的适当形式完成短文1.Long﹣term low self﹣esteem can cause depressionLow self﹣esteem makes us feel bad about ourselves． But did you know that over time it also can cause the development of serious mental conditions such as depression？Self﹣esteem is， very simply， he set of feelings you have about yourself． It's developed by your experiences， thoughts， feelings， and relationships．（1）________ self﹣knowledge， which refers to how much you know about yourself， self﹣esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not． Depression is much more than just feeling sad． It drains your energy and makes everyday activities difficult．Doctors use low self﹣esteem as one possible symptom （2）________ they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder． They don't necessarily care （3）________ low self﹣esteem causes the depression or vice versa． However， personality researchers have long wondered about the chicken﹣and﹣egg problem of self﹣esteem and depression． Certainly， if you dislike yourself， you'll be more likely （4）________ （depress）． On the other hand， if you're depressed， you'll be more likely to feel bad about yourself． The only way that （5）________ （employ） to explore the highly related concepts of self﹣esteem and depression is through continuous research，（6）________ people are followed up over time．A study on depression conducted by University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth，（7）________（contrast） the competing directions of self﹣esteem to depression vs depression to self﹣esteem． The findings have revealed that over time low self﹣esteem is a risk factor for depression， regardless of who is tested and how． The study indicates that low self﹣esteem causes depression （8）________ not vice versa．Therefore， if a person has low self﹣esteem， there's a （9）________ （great） risk of developing depression． This is a very important discovery because it shows that （10）________ （improve） a person's self﹣esteem can make him or her feel better．二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文2.Put down the phone and live in the momentHave you ever unintentionally left your phone at home and wondered how you would get through the day？ Baylor College of Medicine's Dr． Jin Han explains why this might be a sign that you need to put down your phone more often．"There has been a（n）（1）_______ in technology as our phones have gone from just regular cell phones to smart phones that allow you to multitask all with one device，" said Han，assistant professor at Baylor． "You use your phone now to receive emails， to text and chatand to access social media platforms ﹣﹣（2）_______ your phone may be your connectionto your social life．"Although they offer many advantages， Han cautions that using your smart devices can be harmful if you use them too much． For example， using your smart phone while driving，or even walking， can cause serious accidents． Also， staring at your screen for too long can be harmful to your （3）_______．Being （4）_______ too long to your phone also can impact the quality of your relationships，he said． If you are on your phone constantly and not （5）_______ with those around you，it can take away from your relationships with your family and friends． In addition， if you are using your phone too much in front your children， then they will likely follow your lead and use their own smart devices rather than （6）_______ with you．"In the end， the question is how you balance using your phone while not negatively （7）_______ your health．" Han said． "Anything that you are doing to the （8）_______ is no healthy anymore． While it is going to be almost impossible not to use this technology， we have to create a behavior that is healthy．"To help （9）_______ the time you spend on your phone， Han offered the following tips：• Limit the time spent on your phone： Set up certain time that you allow yourself to be on the phone．• Do not use your phone at night： Being on your phone late into the night can make it harder for you to fall asleep and wake up the next day． Restricting your phone use at night can help you （10）_______ a healthy sleep behavior．三、完形填空3. The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in mathDrinking coffee has benefits. ______ the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent （气味）of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMAT, a computer adaptive test ______ by many business schools.The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only ______ the hidden force of scent and the cognitive（认知）improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings.“It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was alread y ______,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstraded that this expectation was at least partly ______ their improved performance.” ________, smelling a coffee - like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo（安慰剂）effect of coffee scent.Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the ______ of a coffee - like scent, while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test.Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quickthinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase ______ and consequently improve performance?The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on ______ about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that ______ to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that ______ about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) ______ placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding - that coffee - like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance - has many practical ______, including several for business.“Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,” says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help______ employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment. It’s an area of gre at interest and ______.”（1）A In contrast toB Contrary toC In addition toD Equivalent to（2）A acquiredB requiredC justifiedD inquired（3）A distributesB stimulatesC dominatesD highlights（4）A encouragingB imposingC conflictingD challenging（5）A characterized byB called forC responsible forD typical of（6）A In shortB By comparisonC In particularD After all（7）A lackB , shiftC withdrawalD presence（8）A comprehensionB alertnessC conscienceD context（9）A evidenceB definitionC symptomD belief（10）A adaptationB commitmentC exposureD alternative（11）A implicationB expectationC indicationD illustration（12）A similarB concreteC modifiedD estimated（13）A simplificationB descriptionC resignationD application（14）A enhanceB evaluateC exploitD prospect（15）A negotiationB priorityC potentialD strategy四、阅读选择4. People generally see themselves through achievements． In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are． Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect．The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure． For example, one day, their educational diploma may ________ what they actually learned． Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them? What makes them ache? What do they long for?It's in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values． They are the compass（罗盘）that guides my life． The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments． From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience． It's just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that it's important we are all also held accountable for our actions．I have learned that we are all deeply self﹣interested． I hope to be self﹣aware enough to check out of the power and status games． That means I'm not competing with anyone for a shiny object; I'd rather compete with myself． It's about becoming so uniquely different that it would be an insult for me to measure myself against someone else． I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others bused on my unique knowledge and experience．If this resonates with（与……共鸣）you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world． It's a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it ﹣﹣ not just personally, but also collectively．（1）According to the article， which of the following is TRUE？________A The external markers are better ways to know a person．B People generally judge others' worth by what they have achieved．C The author is someone who is keen on power games．D Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly．．（2）What does the underlined word "overshadow" probably mean？________A be relatively similar toB cause something to be stronger thanC make something less importantD block off light from something．（3）What of the following might the author agree with？________A Life is hard， so we shouldn't criticize others when they are not responsible．B One should overcome self﹣interest in order to judge others objectively．C Everyone is unique， so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others．D One should see and understand another person using a real compass．．（4）Why does the author write the article？________A To promote harmonious living．B To ask people not to judge others．C To call on readers to learn his values．D To share his values of understanding the world．5. The Elementary Science Fair Planning GuideThe most helpful, scientific, kid﹣friendly Science Fair Project Planner known to kidsThere are two types of science projects: Models and Experiments． Here is the difference between the two:BORING!!!!!DON'T DO THIS…________Shows how something works in the real world, but doesn't really test anything．Examples of display or collection projects can be: "The Solar System, " "Types of Dinosaurs, " "My Coin Collection．"Examples of models might be: "How a Tornado Forms" or "How an Electric Motor Works"． COOL!!!!!DO THIS________Lots of information is given, but it also has a project that shows testing being done and the gathering of data．Examples of experiments can be: "The Effects of Detergent（洗衣粉）on the Growth of Plants" or "Which Paper Towel is more Absorbent"．You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing something several times and changing a variable（变量）to see what will happen．Even though you can learn a lot from building a model or display, we recommend that you do an experiment! Why? Well, they are fun, they are more interesting and most of all, they take you through the SCIENTIFIC METHOD, which is the way real scientists investigate in real science labs． Besides that, the scientific method is what the judges are looking for!（1）Which of the following science projects might be recommended by the guide？________ A How swallows build their nests． B What the solar system consists of． C The three dances bees use to communicate． D What structure can hold the most amount of weight．．（2）According to the guide， which of the following is TRUE？________A A model or a display is a great choice for the science fair．B A hypothesis goes before a Question in doing an experiment．C What tells an experiment from a model is whether to test something．D The judges will instruct the scientific method before the science fair．．（3）Who will be most interested in reading this guide？________A Undergraduate students．B Parents who have young kids．C Staff working in the science labs．D Judges invited to a science fair．6.A lifetime of active exercise will let you keep the body of a 20-year-old well into your 70s, scientists have found.The physical decline（衰退）thought to be an unavoidable part of ageing is actually the result of not exercising enough, according to the research, which found that regular cyclists kept the muscles, lungs, and even the immune system（免疫系统）of people years younger. Besides, many serious health problems could be prevented if people became more active,researchers insist.Janet Lord, a leading researcher, said. "Our findings prove the false belief that ageing automatically makes us weaker. We now have strong evidence that encouraging people to do regular exercise throughout their lives can solve the problem that we are living longer but not healthier."She looked at 125 cyclists aged 55 to 79 who had been exercising regularly for 25 years and compared them with 75 ordinary people of a similar age and 55 people aged 20 to 36. On a series of physical measures, the cyclists showed no difference from people much younger in their immune systems and making T cells.Now Professor Lord aims to discover how much exercise people need to do to stay young. "You needn't work out a lot. It may be intensity（强度）that helps—like going up and down the stairs ten times a day."While there is no magic method of staying mentally and physically fit in later life, the benefits of keeping active can never be ignored, whatever your age or state of health.（1）According to the research, what is the reason for physical decline?A The failure of lungs.B The poor state of health.C The increase of physical activity.D The lack of regular exercise.（2）Which of the following statements would Professor Lord probably agree with?A Ageing automatically makes people increasingly weaker.B People need a large amount of exercise to stay young.C The intensity of exercise matters in slowing down ageing.D What people need to stay fit in later life is a magic method.（3）What is the main purpose of the passage?A To stress the importance of being physically active.B To explain the effects of the immune system.C To introduce the ways lo slay fit.D To discuss the benefits of regular cycling.五、六选四7.Ecotourism can put wild animals at riskEcotourism has become increasingly popular in recent years．（1）________ There travelers visit natural environments to fund conservation efforts or promote local economies．Now， scientists have analyzed more than 100 research studies on how ecotourism affects wild animals． They find the presence of humans changes the way animals behave， and those changes may put them at risk． Therefore， they concluded that such trips can be harmful to the animals．When animals interact in seemingly kind ways with humans， they may let down their guard．（2）________ If this transfers to their interactions with predators（捕食者）， they are more likely to be injured or killed．The presence of humans can also discourage natural predators． It creates a kind of safe place for smaller animals that may make them bolder． For example， in Grand Teton National Park， elk and pronghorns in areas with more tourists are less alert and spend more time eating．（3）________ "If animals become accustomed to tourists and if tourism practices enhance this taming， we might create unintended consequences ﹣ affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species' function in its community，" the researchers write．Ecotourism has effects similar to those of animal domestication andurbanization． Research has shown that domesticated silver foxes become more obedient and less fearful． Fox squirrels and birds that live in urbanized areas are slower to flee from danger．（4）________Scientists hope the new analysis will encourage more research into the interactions between people and wildlife． It is essential to develop further understanding of how various species in various situations respond to human interaction and under what conditions human exposure may place them at risk．六、概要写作8. Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．High level of deforestation continuesWe are all aware of the threats our planet is facing． Experts agree that it's mainly us humans who are responsible for the destruction of the environment． One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is cutting down forests ﹣ deforestation． This is done for many reasons， such as providing wood for fuel， making land available for housing or for crating space for more cattle to graze（吃草）on． This has been most noticeable in Brazil， which is home to the world's largest rainforest． Deforestation there has hit its highest rate in a decade， according to official data． Over the course of a year，an area about five times the size of London has been destroyed．The amount of deforestation in the Amazon and in other tropical（热带的）regions has actually seen a decline but the figures are still large． Global Forest Watch say that in 2018，an area equivalent to 30 football fields were cut down every minute． Frances Seymour from the World Resources Institute says that "If you look back over the last 18 years， it is clear that the overall trend is still upwards． We are nowhere near winning this battle．"What's special about places like the Amazon is that they are primary forests which exist in their original condition with some species of trees dating back thousands of years． This habitat is home to unique and rare animals and is critical for sustaining biodiversity（生物多样性）． The BBC's environment correspondent， Matt McGrath， says "These old forests really matter as stores of carbon dioxide， which is way the loss of 3.6 million hectares in 2018 is concerning．"Brazil has taken some steps to try and decrease deforestation by introducing government policies including fines for breaking land use regulations and illegal logging． And International campaigns to stop the trade of soy and beef farmed on deforested parts of the Amazon have also had a significant impact．七、汉译英9. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.（1）应该高度重视对这种常见病的预防。

2019-2020学年上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语二模试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AExciting Adventure Options to Choose From!BIRD WALK(Any time of year)-Join us for a private bird walk through our sanctuary(保护区）。

The Bent's grasslands, trees and woods provide great habitat(栖息地）for birds moving from one place to another, such as Warblers, Vireos, Indigo Buntings, Thrushes, Orioles, and more. This walk will be made to the members in your party.Suitable for ages 5 and upProgram Fee:$150NATURE HIKE(Any time of year)-Take a private hike with Bent of the River! Your personal guide will show you notable habitats and wildlife around the center trails. Nature is exciting and always changing, so you never know what we will find along the way! This program is ideal for people who want to enjoy beautiful scenery while hiking.Suitable for ages 8 and upProgram Fee:$150POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION(June and July only)-Many fascinating creatures live in and around the Pomperaug River! During this recreational(休闲的)program, an Audubon naturalist will share the human and natural history of the river and teach you how to catch fish and animals. The Bent will supply you with necessary tools, such as nets, containers, and field guides. Once the animals are caught, we will observe and identify(确定身份)them and learn how they can help show the health of the river before we put them back to the wild.Suitable for ages 8 and upProgram Fee:$150OWL PROWL(January and February only)-Enjoy a special guided adventure in search of one of the most beloved groups of birds-owls(猫头鹰）！We will be prowling for owls on awalk through the grassland and forests in hopes of seeing one of the three owl species known to live in Connecticut: the Great-horned Owl, Barred Owl, or Eastern Screech-Owl.Evening eventSuitable for ages 10 and upProgram Fee:$2251.Which of the programs is suitable for the Browns with a girl of five years old?A.BIRD WALK.B.NATURE HIKE.C.POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION.D.OWL PROWL.2.What will you do with the fish you catch in POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION?A.Find out their health.B.Do a scientific research.C.Cook them as food on the table.D.Set them free back to the river.3.Whom is this text written for?A.Students.B.Teachers.C.Scientists.D.Adventurers.BIf you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look delighted or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new studyResearchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.""With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller toldLive Science.At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living withhumans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them." Muller said.4. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.A. distinguish shapesB. make sense of human facesC. feel happy or angryD. communicate with each other5. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.C. Pictures used in the two stages were differentD. The dogs were photographed before the lest.6. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. A suggestion for future studies.B. A possible reason for the study findings.C. A major limitation of the studyD. An explanation of the research method.7. In which section is the text most likely to be found in a newspaper ?A. EntertainmentB. EconomyC. ScienceD. NatureCMy family and I never talked about school as the ticket to a future. I was in theclassroom, but I wasn't there to learn to write, read or even speak. When it was my turn to read, I wanted to hide. I was 13 years old, but I already hated being who I was.I had an English teacher, Mr.Creech, who knew I couldn't read. In one of my first lessons the teacher said that anyone who had a reading age below six had to stand up. I felt so embarrassed. But at the same time, it made me realize that I needed to change the situation. I was determined it wouldn't happen again. Later that day, Mr.Creech encouraged me and promised he would try his best to help me learn to read. From then on, I never gave up practicing reading.Then when I was 41 years old, one day, I planned to fly back toTexasto visit my friends and family. On my way from the airport, I saw Mr.Creech buying himself a drink. I rushed over and reached into my pocket to pay for him. “Do I know you？” he asked. “Yes, sir, you do know me，” I answered excitedly. “My name is Anthony Hamilton.You taught me English.” The look on his face told me that he remembered the boy he'd once encouraged.“I'm so glad I had a chance to see you，” I said. “And Mr.Creech, I have great news to share.” I told him I had learned to read. But that wasn't all. I had become a published author and an active speaker. “The next time you get another Anthony Hamilton in your classroom, please encourage him to read as well，” I added.The experts say what once worried me has a name：dyslexia(诵读困难). But I can tell you it was a lack of desire for education.8. Why did the author want to hide?A. Because he felt sorry for himself.B. Because he hated being laughed at.C. Because he couldn't read at all.D. Because he didn't have a ticket.9. Which of the following could best describe Mr.Creech?A. Considerate and dutiful.B. thoughtful and enthusiastic.C. Emotional and devoted.D. Friendly and wise.10. Why couldn't the author read before meeting Mr.Creech?A. Because his reading age was not long enough.B. Because his parents didn't teach him how to read.C. Because he was afraid of reading before the class.D. Because he didn't have inner driving force to learn to read.11. What can we infer from the passage?A. Mr.Creech taught two students called Anthony Hamilton.B. The author had become a published author and an active speaker.C. Dyslexia was just the reason that made the author unable to read.D. The author was grateful to Mr.Creech.DIt might have been Jimmy Kimmel, or any other sharp-tongued talk show hosts of late-night TV. In this instance, it was Samantha Bee, stating her opposition to childhood vaccinations humorously. “Who are you going to believe?” she asked. “Leading authorities on medical science, or 800 comments on your cousin’s Facebook page?”Joking about science can have serious effects, according to studies by communication scholars. Accordingly, since 2013, Paul, a psychological professor, has conducted studies of how satire (讥讽) can influence people’s beliefs about science, which have shown that if you want to interest people in science and shape their views onhot-button science issues, satirical humor can work better.Many Americans pay little attention to science. Even people who regularly watch TV news receive only scraps of science information in their media diet, because mainstream media outlets devote so little airtime to the subject. On top of that, some Americans may regard science as inaccessible.Yet satirical humor can reach viewers who would never watch NOVA or read — well, National Geographic. Millions of people watch late-night television programs live, and videos of these shows get millions of views on streaming services. In 2016, a vote conducted by the University of Delaware Center indicated that nearly one in 10 said they learned about science from late-night television shows.Late-night hosts may occasionally poke fun at scientists. More often, however, the hosts promote a positive image of science. By making science entertaining to audience with little knowledge of the topic, late-night television could spark science engagement. Furthermore, the researchers concluded that satirical shows had the biggest impact among the least educated viewers, thus helping to narrow a gap in attention to science. Though late-night satirical humor can boost science interest and awareness, it has its limits. Science is complex, and conveying that complexity in a few minutes while telling jokes can be a challenge.12. What does Paul’s studies of joking about science indicate?A. It may do serious damage to science.B. It can effectively popularize science.C. It totally changes people’s attitude to science.D. It will shift people’s attention from entertainment to science.13. Why do TV watchers receive a little science information?A. Because they enjoy watching entertainments.B. Because science is not easy to come up with.C. Because they find no interest in science issues.D. Because science is scarcely seen on mainstream media.14. What do we know about the late-night shows involving science?A. The hosts get used to playing tricks on scientists.B. The hosts’ aim is to build a positive image of science.C. Education gap can be bridged through late-night shows.D. Science participation can be promoted among their viewers.15. What’s the author’s attitude towards combining science with satire?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Positive.D. Negative.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语第二次联考试题及参考答案

2020届上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语第二次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI truly thought thatI might die that day. Had I not seen three bears and a few wolves over the last couple of days near the road, I might have just lain down and called it quits. What in the world was I thinking, dragging my bike up to Yellowstone and thinking I could ride from West Yellowstone to Old Faithful in the snow? No less!I had planned this trip for more than two months, and I wasn't about to give up so easily. The first few miles were beautiful. Ten miles in, I started sucking wind. Fifteen miles and my legs felt like they were made of lead. By twenty miles, my lungs were burning and felt like there was nothing left in the tank. That was when I turned around and saw my husband and three children cheering me on in the van behind me. I knew I couldn't quit because I tell my children all the time that just because something is hard doesn't mean that you stop doing it. I had to live what I'd been preaching(说教). That thought got me up that mountain and to the end of the ride.The importance of that ride was apparent after only a week. My eight-year-old daughter Emalee wanted to ride in a twelve-mile charity ride. That day was cold as well. She was the youngest rider. About four miles into the ride, she started feeling cold. The chill(寒冷)was making her muscles cramp a little and she began to struggle. By six miles, she had tears running down her face. It broke my heart to see her suffering like that.I told herthat she didn't have to finish. She said that she wouldn't quit. I told her how I had wanted to quit the week before, but perseverance had gotten me to the end and I knew she could do it, too.The look on her face as she pulled into the finish was priceless. She threw her arms around me and said, “You didn't quit, Mommy, so neither did I.”1. What motivated the author to finish her ride?A. Her family's encouragement.B. Her own instruction for children.C. The beautiful scenery and weather.D. The careful and thorough preparation.2. By describing the conditions Emalee met, the author wanted to________.A. show her guilt for her daughterB. prove that riding is a tough taskC. persuade her daughter to give upD. indicate she was proud of Emalee3. What does the author want to tell us according to the story?A. Never say die.B. Do nothing by halves.C. Children are what the mothers are.D. Every mother's child is handsome.BAs summer approaches, many kids and teenagers may find that they have more time in hand. One great way to make use of the extra time is to go on an adventure and travel. Clearly, I am not a naturally adventurous person, but I have found that takingthe risk and challenging myself to explore and travel to unfamiliar places can be a very rewarding experience.Because I am usually quite busy during the school year, most of my travels take place during the summer. Over the past few summers, I have hiked in the Grand Canyon, explored Niagara Falls, and camped out in upstate New York. Although these experiences are varied, they are similar in that they instill (灌输) a sense of appreciation for nature and a more balanced view on life. When I hiked in the Grand Canyon, for example, I was in awe(敬畏) of the geological influences that shaped the canyon.Adventures, of course, are not limited to hiking. There are many other choices, such as camping, volunteering in a foreign environment and travelling to different countries. In my opinion, adventures are more enjoyable with family or a few friends. There is a sense of bonding that one only gets through spending time together in outdoor adventures. For example, when I was in Boy Scouts, I often went on weekend camping trips with my friends. When I came back from a Boy Scouts camping trip, I often was eager to go outside more and explore the parks and nature around me.Next fall, I will attend college. In the meantime though, I hope to make the most of my summer to explore and travel. Now, I am planning on hiking and camping out in Maine.When I visited Maine last fall, I was amazed by how beautiful it was and the tall trees and coasts that exist, and I really hope to enjoy the beauty of nature there this summer.4. We can learn from the first paragraph about the author?A. He is an adventurous person by natureB. He likes challenging himself by travellingC. He enjoys travelling with other adventurersD He needs others’ help when going on an adventure5. Which of the following can make people’s adventure more enjoyable according to the author？A. Going to different countries.B. Going to unfamiliar places.C. Travelling withtheir family or friends.D. Travelling to distant places by themselves.6. What will the author do this summer？A. Explore Niagara Falls.B. Hike in the Grand Canyons.C. Camp out in upstate New York.D. Hike and camp out in Maine.7. Who is probably the author?A. A high school student.B. A college student.C. A friendly guide.D. A warm-hearted teacher.CPeggy Whitson's job demands a daily twohour workout in a gym where weight has no meaning and the view changes at 17,000 miles an hour.Whitson makes it look easy. At 57, she is the oldest woman to fly in space, breaking the record last November, 2016, when she began her third longterm stay at the International Space Station. After returning home in September, 2017, the NASA astronaut feltmatter-of-factabout the age milestone.“It wasn't a record I was seeking for,” Whitson said. “I was 42 and 48 for my first two space flights. I feel lucky that I was able to get to do another one in my 50s. I don't think people should let age discourage them, even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness. The oldest man is John Glenn (at 77), and we've had male astronauts in their 60s before, so it's just a matter of time before women start flying in space at this age”.On the earth, she stays fit by weightlifting, biking, playing basketball and water skiing. She shared what it's like to live in microgravity: “It's like you're in a swimming pool, but you don't have to worry about breathing. If I push off from one side, I'm going to float to the other side. Every direction feels exactly the same, which is really hard for your brain to grasp, but it's amazing how fast you adapt.It's a big shock for the body to come back to Earth—everything is so heavy. We spend a lot of time getting used to being back in gravity again. Back pain was really the most dramatic for me this time. For me, coming home is harder than going up into space.”8. How long did Peggy Whitson spend for her third stay in the International Space Station?A. About 300 days.B. About 708 days.C. About 107 days.D. About57 days.9. What does the underlined word probably mean in the passage?A. Amazing.B. Not surprising.C. Enthusiastic.D. Unbelievable.10. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Peggy Whitson likes swimming most.B. Peggy Whitson is the oldest person to fly in space.C. Peggy Whitson had been in space in 2002 and 2008.D. There had been female astronauts over 60s flying in space before.11. Which of the following will Peggy Whitson probably say?A. You can still be successful and do physical things when old.B. I spent quite a lot of time getting used to the life in space.C. The moment we reached the earth, we felt so relaxed.D. I feel lucky that I am physically well after the whole journey.DZaki was small for his twelve years, and he was angry being treated as a child. Farid, his older brother, had been looked upon as a man long before he was Zaki’s age. Every day Farid and the other young Bahraini men went out in their wooden boats to dive for oysters (牡蛎). Many times Zaki begged to go along, but Faridalways refused to let him.So every day Zaki would go to the shallow water to practice. His grandfather, a former diver, would watch him and advise him. All morning, Zaki would practice diving beneath the waves. Every afternoon, again and again he would go underwater and hold his breath. With each day’s practice, his diving improved and he could hold his breath a little while longer. Soon Zaki felt as much at home in the water as he did out of it.Zaki rose early one day. He wanted to compete with his brother. They dived beneath the waves. Zaki opened his eyes and found himself looking into his brother’s face. Farid was smiling with confidence. Slowly, the smile was disappearing from Farid’s face. As more seconds passed, a worried look appeared on Farid’s face. Farid was realizing that Zaki could possibly beat him. Looking into Farid’s eyes, Zaki suddenly understood what losing could mean to his brother. Never would the villagers allow him to live it down. He would be laughed at by losing to a little child. Almost without thinking, Zaki kicked his feet and rose to the surface of the water a second before Farid’s head appeared beside him.The men around them cheered and patted Farid on the back. Farid, however, put his arm around Zaki’s shoulders. “Today,” Farid announced, “we shall have a new diver among us.” Then quietly, for Zaki’s ears alone, he said “Thank you, my brother.” And Zaki knew that they both had learned that it takes more than strength to makea man.12. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. Zaki’s grandfather was a good diver.B. Zaki liked staying at home every day.C. Zaki practised hard in the water daily.D. Zaki’s grandfather encouraged him to dive.13. Which of the following best describes Zaki according to paragraph 3?A. Considerate.B. Ambitious.C. Confident.D. Adventurous.14. What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?A. Farid beat his little brother easily.B. Zaki was as strong as his brother.C. Zaki regretted losing the competition.D. Both Farid and Zaki had grown up.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Farid’s PrideB. Zaki’s ChallengeC. Brothers’ CompetitionD. Grandfather’s Advice第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市交大附中(嘉定分校)高三下学期第二次阶段测试英语试题word版含答案

2019-2020 学年交大附中（嘉定分校）高三下英语阶段测试II. Grammar and VocabularySection A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fillin each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Video Games Foster Creativity?Video games that foster creative freedom can increase creativity under certain conditions, according to new research from lowa State University. The experimental study compared the effect of playing the popular world-building game Mine-craft (《我的世界》 ), with or without instruction, to watching a TV show or playing a race car video game. Those (21) _________________________________ (give) the freedom to play Mine-craft without instruction were most creative."It's not just that Mine-craft can help induce - creativity. There seems to be something about choosing to do it that also matters," said Douglas Gentile, a professor of psychology.(22) ______ you are not familiar with the game, Gentile says Mine-craft is likea virtualLego world. The game, which has sold more than 100 million copies, allows players to explore unique worlds and create anything they can imagine. Study participants randomly assigned to play Mine-craft were split into two groups. The one receiving instruction was told to play as creatively as possible.After 40 minutes of play or watching TV , the 352 participants completed several creativity tasks. (23) (measure) creative production, they were asked to draw a creature from aworld much different than Earth. More human-like creatures scored low for creativity and those less human-like scored high. Surprisingly, those instructed to be creative while playing Mine-craft were (24) (creative).Gentile says there's no clear explanation for this finding. In the paper published by Creativity Research Journal, he, Jorge Blanco-Herrera, lead author and former master's student in psychology; and Jeffrey Rokkum, former Ph.D. student in psychology, outlined possible reasons why the instructed Mine-craft group scored lower than the other groups. Blanco-Herrera says the instructions may have changed subject's motivation for play."(25) ______ (tell) to be creative may have actually limited their optionswhile playing,resulting in a less creative experience," Blanco - Herrera said. "It's also possible they used all their 'creative juices' while playing and had (26) when it came time to complete the test."Video games can have both harmful and beneficial effects. Gentile's previousresearch has shown the amount, content and context of video games (27)(influence) what playerslearn through repeated experiences. (28) __ must of Gentile's research has focused onaggression or pro-social behavior, he says the same appears to be true forcreativity.Most video games encourage players to practice some level of creativity. For example, players may create a character and story for role-playing games or be rewarded for creative strategies, in competitive games. The researchers say evenfirst-person shooter games (29) _________________________________________potentiallyinspire creativity as players think about strategy and look for advantages in combat."The research is staring to tell a more interesting nuanced picture. Our results are similar to other gaming research (30) you get better at what you practice, but how youpractice might matter just as much." Gentile said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Education officials and industry experts are debating the future of online learning. The discussion is important because recently hundreds of universities inthe United States have moved classes online because of the __31__ of the new coronavirus.For Asha Choksi, the rise of internet - based or online study programs has led to major improvements in higher education."What it ' s done is, it's actually given a lot more power to students in terms of how, when and where they learn," the head of research for Pearson Education told VOA. Her company is __32__ online learning programs.Colleges and universities worldwide have been looking for ways to provide satisfactory education off campus and outside of __33__ business hours. The decision by many schools in the U. S. to suspend in-person classes during the recent coronavirus crisis has shown how important online teaching can be. And demand for such programs is increasing.The financial advising company Tyton Partners __34__ the online program management industry at over $ 1.5 billion in 2015.Choksi, however, argues that her company is __35__ a path to higher education for people who might not have been able to get a degree otherwise.Pearson Education is one of a growing number of companies that __36__ with schools to create online study aids and full degree programs. Classes meet online through video __37__. In this way, students are able to __38__ with each other and their professors even when they are far away from school.Online learning also permits older students, who work full-time and support families, to work on their education in their free time. It can be helpful for people who might have difficulty coming to a college campus, such as disabled students or those who live far from any college or university.However, recent research suggests the majority of college students and professors prefer inperson instruction. In addition, some experts are __39__ that companies in charge of online learning programs are not clear about the policies they have withthe schools they serve.Last year, the EDUCATUSE Center for Analysts and Research published two opinion studies on online higher education programs. Researchers asked over 40,000 American undergraduate students and 9,500 professors what they thought about these programs.In both groups, at least 70 percent of people said they would rather teach or learnin a(n) __40__ classroom.III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The oral microbiome - the sum total of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, that occupy the human mouth - was the subject of a citizen science driven study by Jessica Metcalf's research lab at CSU and Nicole Garneau's research team at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. Published in Scientific Reports, the study found, among other things, a correlation （互相关联）between people who did not visit the dentist regularly and __41__ presence of a pathogen （病原体）that causes periodontal disease.For the experiments, carried out by Garneau's community science team in the Genetics of Taste Lab at the museum, a wide cross - section of museum visitors answered simple questions about their demographics （人口统计资料）, lifestyles and oral health __42__. Microbial （微生物的）DNA sequencing data analyzed byMet-calf's group revealed, broadly, that teeth - cleaning routines affect the communities of bacteria in the __43__ and beyond. The study highlighted the need to think about oral health as __44__ linked to our overall health."Our study also showed that using community scientists can be a really good wayto get this type of __45__, without having to use large, case-controlled studies," said Zach Burcham, a postdoctoral researcher and the paper's lead author. Senior author Met-calf is an associate professor in the Department of Animal Sciences and a member of CSU's Micro-biome Network.The study __46__ people who flossed （用牙线清洁牙齿）or didn't floss （almost everyone said they brushed, so that wasn't a useful data point）. Participants who flossed were found to have relatively __47__ microbial diversity in their mouths compared with non-flossers. This is most likely due to the physical removal of bacteria that could be causing disease.Adults who had gone to a __48__ in the last three months had lower overallmicrobial diversity in their mouths than those who hadn't gone in 12 months or longer, and had less of the periodontal disease - causing oral pathogen. This,__49__, was probably due to dental cleaning removing rarer bacteria in the mouth. Youth tended to have had a dental visit more recently than adults.Youth microbiomes were __50__ among males and females, and by weight. Children considered obese according to their body mass indices had distinct microbiomes as compared to non-obese children. The obese children also tended to have higher levels of Treponema, the same pathogen found in adults who hadn't been to the dentist in more than a year. __51__, the researchers saw a possible link between childhood obesity and periodontal disease. "This was very interesting to me, that we were able to detect these data in such a general population, with such a variable group of people," Burcham said.Other data uncovered: The microbiomes of younger participants, mostly in the eight-to nine- year-old range, had more diversity than those of adults. __52__, adult microbiomes varied more widely from person to person. The researchers think this is due to the environments and diets of adults being more wide-ranging than those of__53__ .They also saw that people who lived in the same household had __54__ oral microbiomes."When you look at families who live together, you find they share more of those __55__ types of bacteria of bacteria that aren't found as often in higher abundances," Burcham explained. It was a data point that emphasized the relevance of one's built environment in relationship to the microbial communities in our bodies.41. A. increased B. unlikely C. expected D. rare42. A. problems B. conditions C. habits D. plans43. A. body B. mouth C. world D. life44. A. gradually B. poorly C. slightly D.strongly45. A. experiment B. study C. data D. findings46. A. involved B. grouped C. ignored D. assessed47. A. limited B. average C. biological D. rich48. A. hospital B. check C. dentists D. clinic49. A. therefore B. again C. moreover D. however50. A. harmful B. common C. special D. different51. A. In other words B. To sum up C. In addition D. To oursurprise52. A. By contrast B. Meanwhile C. However D. Furthermore53. A. peers B. seniors C. professionals D. children54. A. various B. similar C. harmful D. unique55. A. rare B. common C. unknown D. scarceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Extreme sorrow claws my mind. I am a statistic. When I first got here, I felt very much lonely. I found no sympathy. I saw only thousands of others whose bodies were as badly damaged as mine. I was given a number and placed in a category, which was called "traffic death".The day I died was an ordinary school day. How I wish I had taken the bus! But I was too cool for the bus, I remember how I wheedled （哄骗）the car out of Mom. "Special favor," I pleaded. "All the kids drive." After school, I rushed to the parking lot, excited at the thought of driving a car and being my own boss.It doesn't matter how the accident happened, I was going too fast, taking crazy chances. But I was enjoying my freedom and having fun. The last thing I remember was passing an old lady who seemed to be going awfully slow. I heard a crash and felt a terrific shake. Glass and steel flew everywhere. My whole body seemed to be turning inside out. I heard myself scream.Suddenly, I awakened. It was very quiet. I saw a police officer and a doctor. I was covered in blood. Pieces of jagged glass were sticking out all over. Strange that I couldn't feel anything. Hey, don't pull that sheet over my head. I can't be dead.I'm only 17. I'm supposed to have a wonderful life ahead of me. I haven't lived yet.I can't be dead!Later I was placed in drawer. My folks came to identify me. Why did they see me like this? Why did I have to look at Mom's eyes when she faced the most terrible ordeal of her life? Dad suddenly looked very old. He told the man in charge, "Yes - He is our son."Please - somebody - wake me up! Get me out of here. I can't bear to see Mom and Dad in such pain. My grandparents are so weak from grief they can barely walk. My brother and sister move like robots.Please don't bury me! I'm not dead! I promise if you give me just one more chance, God, I'll be the most careful driver in the whole world. All I want is one more chance. Please., God. I'm only 17.56.Why did the writer become a statistic?A.Because he studied statistics （统计学）in school.B.Because he felt very lonely at that moment.C.Because he was dead as result of a traffic accident.D.Because he made a fatal mistake in statistics.57.Where did the traffic accident take place?A.On his way to schoolB. On his way home.C. Near a police station.D. Near an old lady's house.58.What was the cause of the accident?A.He was driving too fast.B. He was too young to drive.C. He wanted to avoid knocking down an old lady.D. He was not familiar with the road condition.59.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A.How Careless a Young Drive Is!B. Dead at 17C. An Avoidable TragedyD. Stay Safe on the RoadShanghai Disneyland Annual PassShanghai Disneyland is a place where every moment is packed with joy, surprises, romance, fantasy and excitement. It's place where friends and families come together to enjoy magical adventures, and with the new Annual Pass, available from January 25,2019. Guests will be able to enjoy a whole year of never ending magic! Start your year-long magical journey today from the moment you purchase the new Annual Pass!As a pass Holder, you'll enjoy exclusive benefits, including a full year of events and parties, Disney Character greetings, and discounts on delicious food and merchandise! You'll also receive invitations to special events and so much more!There are three types of Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass (Different pass types are subject to restrictions specified on the "Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass Calendar"):Pass eligible visit dates are subject to the pass calendar, found on the "Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass Calendar" page on the Shanghai Disney Resortofficial website and the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat Account. Guests will have visibility for the following three months of the Pass calendar (including the current month). The Pass calendar for a new month will be released in the middle of each month. We may restrict the number of persons with access to the Park due to capacity.Launch Channel:From January 25, 2019, guests can purchase the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass through the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat account, the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat Mini Program "E-gift Ticket," the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths, and the Shanghai Disney Resort Reservation Centre at 400 - 180 - 0000 or +86-21-3158-0000. TheAnnual Pass can be redeemed and used to enter the park from January 25,2019.From February 15,2019, guests can purchase the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass via the Shanghai Disney Resort Official Website and app. The Annual Pass can be redeemed （兑换）and used to enter the park from February 15,2019.Annual Pass Holders must redeem their Annual Passes at the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths during park hours every day.Thank you for your understanding and cooperation!60.Which of the following ISN'T a selling point of the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass?A.Lower prices while shopping in the resort.B.Meeting your favorite Disney character.C.Access to special activities.D.Fast-pass to the not attractions.61.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.You can't use an Annual Pass on the day you buy it.B.Once you buy an Any-day Annual Pass, you can enjoy yourself in Shanghai Disneyland any day in one year.C.On May 9th, a Pass Holder can know the Pass calendar of August.D.Weekday + Sunday Annual Pass holders have at least 205 more days of park access than Sunday Annual Pass holders.62.John can buy a Sunday Annual Pass on January 30,2019 through the following channels EXCEPT .A.the E-gift Ticket mini programB. +86-21-3158-0000C. the Shanghai Disney Resort Official WebsiteD. the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths（C）Apple on Tuesday said its revenue fell 5 percent in the first quarter, compared with $ 88.3 billion a year earlier, as chief executive Tim Cook admitted that people are holding on to their iPhones longer.Revenue from the maker of iPhones came in at $84.31 billion, slightly higher than the company estimated earlier this month, when it warned that sales would fall to about $84 billion. At the time, Cook cited a slowdown in China's economy as well as President Trump's trade war for weakening iPhone demand. It was Apple's first warning in more than 15 years.Apple's stock jumped more than 4 percent in after-hours trading.In its results, Apple aid net sales of iPhones were down by more than $9 billion compared with the same quarter last year. Cook conceded that many Apple users are "holding on to their older iPhones a bit longer than in the past," which contributed to lower iPhone demand. But he also pointed to shifts in foreign exchange （外汇）values that made Apple products more expensive in certain markets.Consumers are holding on to their smart-phones for three years or longer. The Washington Post reported last month. But higher selling prices - with some high-end models costing over $1,000 - have been able to compensate for fewer new phones sold.Sales increased in other categories such as services, wearables and tablets. Altogether, Apple reported net income of $ 19.97 billion for the quarter compared to $ 20,01 billion in the same period a year earlier. The popularity of Apple's smart-watch has driven significant growth in the company's wearables segment, according to the company."Our wearables business is approaching the size of a Fortune 200 company," said chief financial officer Luca Maestri.While Cook acknowledged the continuing economic slowdown in China, he said it is "not in our DNA to stand around waiting for macroeconomic conditions to improve." One effortApple is undertaking in response, Cook added, is to encourage customers to trade intheir old devices and receive credit toward purchasing new phones. Apple offered deep discounts on its iPhone XR around the holidays, for instance, for people trading in recent devices.More than two-thirds of Apple customers in China who bought an iPad or a Mac last quarter were first-time purchasers of those devices, Cook said.Apple, which became the world's first company worth $1 trillion （万亿）last year, also said it is expecting lower revenues next quarter - between $ 55 billion and $ 59 billion - compared with the same time last year, when it reported revenuesof % 61.6 billion. The company attributed the lower guidance to the same foreign exchange and macroeconomic factors it cited for the quarter that ended in December.Shareholders were already reeling from（感受到⋯⋯的负面影响）Apple's acknowledgement this week of a major flaw in its mobile operating system that allowed attackers to eavesdrop （窃听）on the recipient of Face-Time calls. Apple told users it is aware of the issue and that it plans to release a software update this week.Tuesday marked the first of Apple's earnings reports in which the company did not report the number of iPhones it sold in the quarter. But the company did say that the total number of iPhones active world-wide now stands at 900 million - a positive sign for Apple as it seeks to convert many of its customers into users of its services such as Apple Pay and Apple Music.62. According to Tim Cook, all of the following accounted for weakening iPhone demand EXCEPTA. Apple users keep their Apple devices longer than beforeB.the macroeconomic conditions home and abroad were not idealC.the changing foreign exchange valuesD. a major bug in its mobile operating system63.What can we learn from the underlined sentence?A. Apple is about to take the initiative to turn around its business.B.Apple is not good at dealing with macroeconomic conditions in a foreign country.C.Apple is not worried about China's economic slowdown because of its huge consumer base.D.Apple is sure of overcoming the temporary downturn in sales with its technology.64.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. One of Apple's goals is that tis services can appeal to more consumers.B.On Tuesday, Apple didn't publicize its earnings reports because of its poor performance.C.Apple's wearables category has a good chance of surpassing a Fortune 200 company.D. iPhone's increased prices contribute to the drop in iPhones sold worldwide.65.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Apple has sold 900 million iPhones around the world.B.Apple was the world's most valuable company at one point last year.C.Tim Cook was confident about Apple's future revenues despite current difficulty.D.An increasing number of users began to dislike their Apple devices.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. EachCulture Insider: ChopsticksChopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, are a pair of small equal - length tapered sticks, usually made of wood, used for eating Asian food. It is believed the first chopsticks were developed over 5,000 years ago in China. The earliest evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan province, dating back to roughly 1,200 BC.Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture _______ 67 They are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because maintaining an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth.Chopsticks are so frequently used in daily life that they have become more than a kind of tableware and have helped develop a set of etiquette and customs of their own. ___ 68 _______ While the principles of chopstick etiquette are similar in many of these places, the finer points may differ from region to region, and there is no single standard ___ f or the use ofchopsticks. Generally, chopsticks are not used to make noise, to draw attention, orto gesticulate（做手势）._______ 69 ______ For example, you can buy a pair of exquisite chopsticks as a gift for your friends and relatives. In Chinese, "chopsticks" reads "kuaizi," which means to have sons soon, so a newly - married couple will be very happy to accept chopsticks as their wedding gift. Skillful craftsmen paint beautiful scenery on chopsticks to make them like fine artworks. Many people love to collect these elegant utensils.It has been said that using chopsticks improves one's memory, increases finger dexterity and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as Chinese character printing and brush painting. Many Asian superstitions （迷信）revolve around chopsticks as well. For example, if you find an uneven pair of chopsticks at your table setting, it is believed you will miss the next train, boat or plane youare trying to catch. __________ 70 ________ .IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.China's Film Industry Finally Joins the Space Race China was a latecomer to space exploration, and in the movies, it has been a latecomer toscience fiction, too. But that is about to change.The country's first blockbuster set in space ，The Wandering Earth, opens Tuesday amid great expectations that it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking.The Wandering Earth, shown in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the Sun is about to expand into a red giant and devour(吞噬) Earth. Therefore, earth's governments rally and come up with a novel solution: they attempt to use 10,000 gigantic jets, known as the Earth Engines, to blast Earth out of its orbit and off on a hundred - generation journey to a new home 4.2 light-years away. However, a malfunction of the Earth Engine system leaves the planet caught in Jupiter's gravity, and gradually being pulled toward destruction. A group of workers have to raceagainst time to reactivate the jets and correct the Earth's course.So far, the reviews have been positive. "Film-makers in China see science fiction as a holy grail (an ultimate goal)," said Raymond, an independent critic, who noted that Hollywood had set the technological standards, and thus audience expectations, very high.The Wandering Earth is adapted from a novel by Liu Cixin, the writer who has led a renaissance (复兴) in science fiction here, becoming the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award, the top award in science fiction, in 2015. His novels are sprawling epics and deeply researched. That makes them plausible fantasies about humanity's encounters with a dangerous universe.The openings also come as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on the far side of the moon in January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts in orbit and has ambitious plans to join - or even lead - a new age of space exploration.V.Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.这次意外受伤使得这位足坛后起之秀无法在海外继续打拼了。

2020年上海交通大学附属中学高三英语二模试卷及答案解析

2020年上海交通大学附属中学高三英语二模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AYou haven’t truly visited a city until you’ve experienced its nightlife. Watching a big city likeLondongradually turn dark and darker into the night is a beautiful journey of time and light. So how about taking a historical evening walk and touchingsome of the nicest areas in centralLondon? Let’s get started.6:30 pmThe walk starts on theMillenniumBridge. On the bridge, watch the scenic city across the River Thames with the skyscrapers gradually lighting up against the darkening skies.TheMillenniumBridgehas been featured in many London-based films, includingHarry Potter, and the filmGuardians of the Galaxy.7:30 pmIt’s getting dark. A fifteen-minute walk northwest fromSt Paul’s Cathedral takes you to the historic Borough Market. During the evenings, you find a lot of restaurants around the market. This is an excellent time to get your dinner.9:00 pmThe next stop isLondonBridge. This is about 6 minutes’ walk from the Borough Market. As you join other onlookers and mentally go through the nursery school rhyme of “LondonBridgeis Falling Down”, you get lost again in history. Why does the song sayLondonBridgeis falling and who is the fair lady?During theLondoncity fire of 1897,LondonBridgeserved an important role in fire control. It was one of the major structures that prevented the fire from crossing over to the other side ofLondon.11:30 pmLondonnever sleeps; it’s a few minutes to midnight and everywhere is still filled with people moving around. About four minutes away from the Golden Jubilee Bridges isTrafalgar Square, our next stop.12:00 amIt’s been a beautiful evening, hasn’t it?1. Where can you visit aGuardians of the Galaxyfilming location?A. In theSt Paul’s Cathedral.B. On theMillenniumBridge.C. In the Borough Market.D. On the Golden Jubilee Bridges.2. What can be learned about the Borough Market?A. It is far fromLondonBridge.B. It is related to a famous song.C. It is an ideal place for dinner.D. It is a modern open-air market.3. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To showLondon’s color1 ful culture.B. To introduce the scenery inLondon.C. To ask people to do outdoor activities.D. To recommend a night tour inLondon.BThe relationship between humans and the Amazon Rainforest has not always been a harmonious one. However, recent research suggests that the native peoples ofthe Putumayo region helped to protect the rainforest, leaving it unchanged for 5,000 years. Perhaps humans’ coexisting with nature is possible after all.The study, published in PNAS, looked at soil samples in the Putumayo region of the Amazon in Peru to find how humans influenced the land. The researchers found that the trees still growing in the region today have been growing there for the last 5,000 years — evidence that the area has not been home to cities and farmland in that time. Traces of charcoal(木炭) found in the, soil, however, indicate that people did live there; they just did so in a way that had minimum influence on their environment.To come to these conclusions the team dug a 0.6-0.9 meter deep column into the ground, taking samples of soilfrom different heights along the column. Back in the lab, samples were carbon- dated to determine their age and then sorted under a microscope to look for microscopic mineral particles, known as phytoliths (植硅体). Phytoliths are essential evidence of plants— they remained in the soil thousands of years after the plant died. So researchers can use them to tell which plants have grown in an area in the past.Over 5,000 years’ worth of samples, no species loss was detected. These findings suggest that contrary to common belief, the Amazon is not untouched by humans, but rather has been protected by them for thousands of years. The management of the rainforest by native peoples appears to have been vital in preserving its biodiversity and will continue to be important in the fight to prevent it from acollapse.As Nigel Pitman, a co-author on the paper, said: “Since this particular forest is still being protected by native peoples, I hope this study reminds us all how important it is to support their work.”4. How did native peoples deal with the rainforest in the region of Putumayo?A. They always destroyed the rainforest.B. They had a side effect on the rainforest.C. They never lived in the area of the forest.D. They had been in harmony with the forest.5. What did the researchers try to find in the Amazon forest in Peru?A. The diversity of the plants in the rainforest.B. The evidence of human influence on the forest.C. The nutrition of the soil samples in the rainforest.D. The survival age of growing trees in the rainforest.6. What does the underlined word “collapse” mean in Paragraph 4?A. Sudden decrease.B. Bad management.C. Poor preservation.D. Over development.7. What can be inferred from Nigel Pitman's words?A. Native peoples should protectthe rainforest.B. We should help protect the Amazon Rainforest.C. More science research should be done on rainforest.D We should make good use of the Amazon Rainforest.CThe year 2020 will mark the beginning of the decade of the yold, or the “young old”, as the Japanese call people aged between 65 and 75. The traditional retirement age is 65. One might therefore expect peak retirement. By continuing to work, and staying socially engaged, the yold will change the world, as they have done several times before at different stages of their lives.The yold are more numerous, healthier and wealthier than previous generations of seniors. The yold are busier, too. In short, the yold are not just any group of old people. They are challenging the traditional expectations of the retired as people who wear slippers and look after the grandchildren. That will influence consumer, service and financial markets.The over-60s are one of the fastest-growing groups of customers of the airline business. The yold are vital to the tourism industry because they spend much more, when taking a foreign holiday, than younger adults.But for all this to happen,three big things will have to change, under pressure from the yold themselves. The most important is public attitudes towards older people, and in particular the expectation that the old ought to beputting their feet up and quietly retiring into the background. Then, government policies will have to change, too. The retirement age in many rich countries is still below the age to which many people want to work. The effective retirement age (the age at which people actually leave the workforce) is usually even lower. Third, higher numbers of healthy yold people will require drastic changes in health spending. Most diseases of ageing are bestmetwith prevention and lifestyle changes. But only about 2%~3% of most countries’ health-care spending goes on prevention. That will have to rise, because although the yold will constitute a bulge of comparative health and activity over the next decade, by 2030 they will hit 75 and enter a long period of decline for which few rich countries are ready.8. What kind of people are the yold exactly?A. They are workaholics.B. They are full of energy.C. They enjoy being focused on.D. They like staying socially engaged.9. Why do the yold contribute to tourist industry?A. They like traveling more.B. They have more money.C. They consume more on travel.D. They have much free time.10. What’s the author’s attitude toward health-care spending on prevention?A. Unsatisfied.B. Subjective.C. Neutral.D. Active.11. What does the underlined word “met” in the fourth paragraph mean?A. dealt withB. come acrossC. satisfiedD. experienced.DThe term "bird brain" is frequently used to describe a person's lack of intelligence and good decision-making ability. However, some scientists believe it should be considered a praise, given that many birds can perform human tasks like producing and using tools, solving problems, and planning for future needs. Now,Griffin, an African Grey parrot, has proved that birds may even possess better visual memories than human adults and children.The study, led by Hrag Pailian, a researcher at Harvard University, had the parrot compete in the game against twenty-one undergraduate students and twenty-one 6 to 8-year-old children. The popular challenge involves hiding a small object under one of three or more upside-down cups, which are moved around. Participants are required to accurately identify the cup under which the object lies. To make the task more challenging, the researchers required participants to track two, three, and four objects at the same time.An analysis of the results showed thatGriffinoutperformed the 6 to 8-year-olds across all levels on average.Even more impressive, the "bird brain" performed as well as, or slightly better than, the 21 Harvard students on 12 of the 14 trials! It was only in the final two tests, which had the most objects and most movement, that the parrot fell behind the adults. However,Griffin's performance was never below that of the children.Griffinwas the candidate of choice because the scientists needed an animal that had a brain functionality similar to that of humans. "The fact that the smart parrot loves to show off his brain power in exchange for a few cashews (腰果) did not hurt either", said Irene Pepperberg, a Harvard lecturer, who has trained Griffin and several other African Grey parrots, has been studying the species for over four decades and is considered a pioneer in the study of bird intelligence.12. Whatwere the participants required to do in the study?A. Identify different kinds of objects.B. Tell where the hidden object lies.C. Track other participants' performance.D. Move around upside-down cups.13. What did the results of the study indicate?A. 6 to 8-year-olds did better thanGriffin.B. Parrots have a better memory than other birds.C. Harvard students have a better visual memory.D.Griffinoutsmarted Harvard students in some trials.14. Why wasGriffinchosen for the experiment?A. It was good at making decisions.B. It was specially trained for experiments.C. It had similar brain functions to human beings.D. It loved to show off his language power for some treats.15. What is the best title for the text?A. "Bird brain" becomes a term for a stupid person.B. Harvard lecturer pioneers in bird intelligence study.C. Parrot outsmarted Harvard students in visual memory test.D. Researchers made new discoveries about human intelligence.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语二模试题及答案解析

2020年上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWelcome to join our Summer Youth Language Program to improve English language skills, make new friends worldwide. and have a good time here! The program capacity is limited, so if you are interested, you should register as soon as possible.Dates andCostsAll programs require a $ 100 nonrefundable deposit (不退还的押金)to reserve a spot in the program.June 15—July 16 5-week program：( $ 1920)July 20—August 20 5-week program：( $ 1920)June 15—August 20 10-week program：( $ 3620)You can also study with us for shorter periods. 4-week programs cost $ 1580 tuition and 3-week programs cost $ 1240.DiscountsThere is a 10% discount for each additional family member!Appropriate AgesRecommended Ages：14 and olderRestrictions：Students who are younger than 16 must have a parent or guardian with them.Program ScheduleIn the morning, you will join the all-aged Intensive English classes from 9：00 am to 2：00 pm, Monday to Thursday, where they can meet other students from worldwide. In the afternoonfrom 2 to 3 pm, we will have fun after-school activities, like soccer in the Park, visit toScienceMuseumand story writing competition.Items Students Should BringClothes：Shirts, a jacket, long pants ,a swimsuit and comfortable shoes, etc.Other personal items：Camera phone? plug adapter, photos of friends/family.Study materials：Notebooks, pens, and pencils.Airport Safe Items：Don't bring foods and snacks, or they'll be charged before you board the airport.1. How much will be charged if you and your brother join in a 3-week program?A. $ 1920,B. $ 2356.C. $3002.D. $ 3620.2. What will participants do at 2：30 pm on Monday?municate with foreign students.B. Attend intensive English classes.C. Join in some interesting activities.D. Talk with their parents on the phone.3. Why should students avoid bringing foods and snacks?A. To save space for their luggage.B. To protect the environment.C. To avoid any unwanted fees.D. To follow the rules of the airport.BWhen an animal species is considered endangered, it means that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has evaluatedit as nearly extinct, which means that a majority of its population has already died off and the rate of birth is lower than the species’death rate. Today, more and more animal and plant species are on the way to extinction because of a variety of major factors that cause a species to become endangered, and as you might expect, humans play a role in quite a few of them — in fact, the biggest threat to endangered animals is human encroachment (侵入) on their habitats.Every species needs a habitat, where an animal finds food, raises its young. Unfortunately, humans destroy animal habitats in a number of different ways: building houses, clearing forests to getlumberand to plant crops, draining rivers to bring water to those crops, and making streets and parking lots.In addition, human development pollutes the environment with all kinds of chemicals, which destroys food sources and shelters for the creatures and plants of that area. As a result, some species die out while others are pushed into areas where they can’t find food and shelters — to make matters worse, when one animal population suffers, it affects many other species in its food web, so more than one species’population is likely to decrease.Habitat destruction is the number one reason for animal endangerment, which is why conservation groups work hard to repair the effects of human developments — many non-profit groups like the Nature Conservancy are taking measures to clean up coastlines and establish nature preserves to prevent further harm to native environments and species around the world.4. A species is considered endangered________.A. when the IUCN has noticed its population changeB. when most of its population has died offC. when the species’ birth rate is close to its death rateD. when the species is losing its habitat5. What does the underlined word “lumber” probably mean?A. Gas.B. Food.C. Chemicals.D. Wood.6. What is being done to protect the endangered species?A. Calling for human development.B. Raising money.C. Establishing nature preserves.D. Educating people.7. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Habitat destruction causes animal endangerment.B. Animals die out due to environment pollution.C. Measures need to be taken to increase species.D. Non-profit groups are making great contributions.CIf you have ever been disappointed because you don’t have a good gardener ,the clever robot may one day become the helper of your indoor plantsThe Hexa Plant is a six-legged robot that has been specially made to care for the potted plant that carries on top of its head .Using light and heats sensors (传感器) the robot has the ability to carry its plant in and out the daylight .If the houseplant needs more sun，the Hexa will walk into the sunlight ;and if the houseplant is getting too hot , the Hexa will go back into the area that blocks direct light The Hexa Plant will even do a little dance when it senses that the plant needs to be watered to warn its owner .The robot was developed by Vincross engineer and founder Sun Tianqi after he saw a dead sunflower sitting in the darkness in a room back in 2014 .” Plants only receive an action without responding ,”SunTianqi wrote in a blog post .” Whether they are being cut ,bitten ,burned or pulled from the earth ,or when they haven’t received enough sunshine ,water ,or are too hot or cold ,they will hold still and take whatever is happening to them .According to Sun Tianqi ,for billions of years ,plants have never experienced movement of any kind ,not even the simplest movement .In their whole lives ,they stick to where they were born .Sun Tianqi continued ,” Do they want break their own settings or have a tendency towards this ?I do not know the answer ,but would love to try to share some of this human tendency and technology with plants With the help of the robot ,plants can experience the move”.The Hexa Plant model robots are not for sale ,though Vincross does sell a Hexa robot model .It is said that in the near future the robots can open up a new market to watch over our household plants8. What can we learn about the Hexa Plant?A. It helps people do some gardening .B. It waters the plants through dancingC. It helps indoor plants get proper sunlightD. It carries the potted plant with its hands9. What does the author try to show through Paragraph 3?A. The way plants spend their whole livesB. The common way people deal with plantsC. The difference between plants and humansD. The cause of making the indoor plants’ helper.10. What does Sun Tianqi try do using this technology?A. To develop gardening skills.B. To draw people’s attention plantsC. make plants experience moveD. study the living conditions of plants11. What can be the best title for the text?A. A New Market for robotsB. An Indoor Plants’ HelperC. An Important Development in GardeningD The Tendency of Gardening in the FutureDAddiction to smartphones will result in poor sleep, according to a new study.The study, published Tuesday in Frontiers in Psychiatry, looked at smartphone use among 1,043 students between the ages of 18 and 30at King's College London. Researchers asked the students to complete two questionnaires on their sleep quality and smartphone use, in person and online.Using a 10-question scale that was developed to judge smartphone addiction in children, nearly 40% of the university students qualified as "addicted" to smartphones, the study found. “Our findings are in agreement with other reported studies in young adult populations globally, which are in the range of 30-45%,” lead author Sei Yon Sohn and her co-authors wrote in the study. "Later time of use was also significantly connected with smartphone addiction, with use after 1 a.m. increasing a 3- times risk," the authors wrote.Students who reported high use of smartphones also reported poor sleep quality, the study found. That foils in line with previous studies that have found overuse of smartphones at night to be associated with trouble fallingasleep, reduced sleep duration (睡眠持续时间)and daytime tiredness. That's likely because use of smartphones close to bedtime has been shown to delay the body's normal sleep - and - wake clock.In fact, the No. 1 rule is "no computers, cell phones, and ipads in bed and at least one hour beforebed Dr. Vsevolod Polotsky, who directs sleep basic research, said in a recent interview. That's because "any LED light source from electronics (电子设备)may further hold back melatonin (褪黑激素)levels," Polotsky said. Melatonin is often referred to as a "sleep hormone," because we sleep better during the night when levels reach the top.“This is a cross-sectional study, and it cannot lead to any firm conclusions about smartphone use as the cause of reduced sleep quality, said Bob Patton, a lecturer in clinical psychology at the University of Surrey, via email.12. How did Sei Yon Sohn's team begin their study?A. By publishing researching papers.B. By responding to others’ concern.C. By collecting firsthand data.D. By turning to related experts.13. What did the study find about sleep quality and smartphone use?A. 30-45% of the university students are addicted to smartphones.B. High use of smartphones is related to poor sleep quality.C. Overuse of smartphones leads to shorter sleep duration.D. Use after 1 a.m. will result in smartphone addiction.14. What is Polotsky's opinion on electronics ?A. We should stop using them an hour before going to sleep.B. LED light source from them will delay normal sleep- and- wake clock.C. Reduced sleep quality has nothingto do with them.D. No electronics should be used in bed at any time.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Say No to SmartphonesB. Sleep Quality Can Be ImprovedC. LED Light Source Causes Great HarmD. Smartphone Addiction Ruins Sleep第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

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