美国独立战争【英文精品】
独立战争英文作文
独立战争英文作文英文：The American Revolutionary War, also known as the War of Independence, was a pivotal moment in the history of the United States. It was a time of great upheaval and struggle as the American colonies fought for their freedom from British rule. As a soldier in the Continental Army, I witnessed firsthand the hardships and sacrifices made by my fellow patriots as we battled against the powerful British forces.One of the most memorable moments for me was the winter at Valley Forge. The harsh conditions and lack of supplies made it a difficult time for all of us. Many soldiers fell ill and died, and morale was low. However, it was during this time that we truly came together as a unified force. We endured the hardships together and emerged stronger than ever. It was a turning point in the war, and it showed the resilience and determination of the American people.Another significant event was the Battle of Saratoga. This was a major victory for the American forces and a turning point in the war. It boosted morale and convinced the French to openly support the American cause. It was a moment of triumph and celebration for all of us who had fought so hard for our freedom.The war was not without its challenges and setbacks, but ultimately, the American colonies emerged victorious. The signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 marked the official end of the war and the beginning of a new nation. It was a time of great joy and pride for all of us who had fought for the ideals of liberty and independence.中文：美国独立战争，也被称为独立战争，是美国历史上的一个关键时刻。
英语作文 美国独立战争
英语作文美国独立战争The American Revolution, also known as the War of Independence, was a conflict between Great Britain and thirteen of its North American colonies, which declared themselves independent in 1776 as the United States of America. The war began in 1775 and ended in 1783, resulting in the formation of a new nation and the establishment of a democratic government.The causes of the American Revolution were many and complex. One of the main issues was taxation without representation, as the British government imposed taxes on the colonies without their consent or input. This led to widespread protests and boycotts, and eventually to the formation of the Continental Congress, which declared independence on July 4, 1776.The war itself was long and brutal, with both sides suffering significant losses. The British had a superior military force, but the Americans had the advantage offighting on their own soil and were able to use guerrilla tactics to their advantage. Key battles included the Siege of Boston, the Battle of Saratoga, and the Battle of Yorktown, which ultimately led to the surrender of British General Cornwallis and the end of the war.The American Revolution had far-reaching consequences, both for the United States and for the world. It established the first modern democracy and inspired other countries to fight for their own independence and self-determination. It also led to the expansion of American territory and the growth of its economy, as well as the abolition of slavery and the advancement of civil rights.In conclusion, the American Revolution was a pivotal moment in world history, marking the birth of a new nation and the triumph of democratic ideals over tyranny and oppression. Its legacy continues to inspire people around the world to fight for their own freedom and equality, and to work towards a better future for all.。
美国独立战争(英文版ppt)最新PPT课件
1.
Rebellious mood
2.
Introduction
? The Revolutionary war ? The Background ? The Causes ? The Process ? The Significance
The revolutionary war
1775-1783
? Also known as the American Revolution
? Between the British and the North American colonies
? The war of liberation and bourgeois revolution
The Causes
? The development of economy in North America colonies
? British colonial domination hindered the development of American capitalism
British Actions
WAR 1765
1767
1770
Intolerable Acts Tea Act
1773 1774
Colonial Responses
Colonists were angry
Smuggling
The Stamp Act Congress & Sons of Liberty
More boycotts & Daughters of Liberty
America ? Appointed George Washington as commander
独立战争 英语
独立战争英语The American Revolutionary War, also known as the American War of Independence, was a pivotal event in the history of the United States. This conflict, which lasted from 1775 to 1783, saw the thirteen American colonies break away from the British Empire and establish an independent nation, the United States of America.The roots of the American Revolutionary War can be traced back to the French and Indian War, which was fought between 1754 and 1763. This conflict, in which the British and their colonial allies defeated the French and their Native American allies, resulted in the British gaining control of much of North America. However, the war also left the British government heavily in debt, and they sought to recoup their losses by imposing new taxes and regulations on the American colonies.The colonists, who had grown increasingly resentful of British rule, resisted these new measures. They argued that they were being taxed without representation in the British Parliament, a principle known as "no taxation without representation." Tensions escalated as the British government cracked down on colonial resistance, leading to a series of confrontations between colonial militias and Britishtroops.The first major battle of the war took place on April 19, 1775, in the towns of Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. British troops, sent to arrest colonial leaders and seize their weapons, were met by colonial militiamen, who engaged them in a series of skirmishes. The "shot heard 'round the world," as it became known, marked the beginning of the American Revolutionary War.Over the next eight years, the war raged on, with the colonists facing significant challenges in their fight for independence. The British had a well-trained and well-equipped army, while the colonial forces were largely made up of untrained militia members. However, the colonists were able to secure important victories, such as the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, which convinced the French to enter the war on the side of the Americans.The turning point of the war came in 1781, when the British army, led by General Charles Cornwallis, was forced to surrender at the Battle of Yorktown. This victory, which was aided by the arrival of French troops and naval support, effectively ended the war and paved the way for the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which formally recognized the United States as an independent nation.The American Revolutionary War had a profound impact on thecourse of world history. It not only established the United States as a sovereign nation, but also inspired other colonies around the world to fight for their own independence. The ideals of liberty, democracy, and self-determination that were at the heart of the American Revolution continue to resonate today, and the legacy of the war can be seen in the political and social institutions of the United States and other democratic nations.The American Revolutionary War was a complex and multifaceted conflict, with a wide range of factors contributing to its outcome. Political, economic, and social factors all played a role in shaping the course of the war, and the actions of both the British and the colonists had far-reaching consequences. The war also had a significant impact on the lives of the people who lived through it, with many sacrificing their lives in the pursuit of independence.Overall, the American Revolutionary War was a pivotal moment in the history of the United States and the world. It marked the birth of a new nation, and the ideals that it championed continue to inspire people around the globe to this day.。
美国独立战争简介
● 1775年5月，各殖民地民兵主动进攻，并围困波士顿。6月17日，殖民地民兵在波士顿外围邦克 山战斗中首战告捷，歼灭英军1000人。
● 1776年3月，威廉·豪指挥的英军被迫从波士顿撤至哈利法克斯待援。 8月底，豪率英军3．2万人， 在海军舰队配合下进攻纽约。华盛顿率1．9万人与英军打阵地战，结果损失惨重，被迫于 11月率 余部5000人撤往新泽西，英军占领纽约。当年圣诞节前夕和新年之夜，华盛顿利用英军疏于戒备 之机，奇袭特伦顿和普林斯顿得手，俘敌近千人，士气大振。
● 英国由于工业革命的开始，除了更进一步要使北美成为原料供给地和工业品的市场外，还迫切要 求毛皮贸易和西部工地。因此，英国极力阻止殖民地向西部发展，把殖民地局限于阿巴拉契亚山 以东地区。英国的西部土地政策加深了殖民地和宗主国的矛盾，助长了殖民地的反英情绪。
● 同时，北美又是英国国内工业制成品倾销的市场，是供应英国国内工业生产的原料基地，它保证 了英国贸易额的顺差，使英国资产阶级和新贵族获得巨额利润；英国宗主国还采取不同的殖民统 治形式，尽量割裂各个殖民地，企图长期保持其在北美的殖民地制度。但是，由于殖民地经济的 发展，各殖民地内部之间联系的加强，独立自主地发展统一经济，以摆脱殖民地经济依附于宗主 国的要求日益强烈。
● 1774年9月，在费城召开了第一届大陆会议，大陆会议是北美殖民地摆脱英国的殖民统治朝着全国性地方政 权方向发展的开始。会议宣称强制法令是违宪的，拒绝服从，号召殖民地组织军队，中断同英国的一切贸易， 会议还起草了《权利宣言和怨由陈情书》，向国王递交了请愿书，但没有公开提出独立的要求，承认英国议 会有权管理北美的商业。大陆会议还成立了大陆协会，对英国进行贸易抵制。
● 1775-1778年为战争的第一阶段，主战场在北部，英军占据优势。战争开始后，英军主动进攻， 企图迅速扑灭殖民地的革命烈火。其总的战略是:海军控制北美东部沿海，以陆军分别从加拿大和 纽约南北对进，打通向普兰湖、哈得孙河谷一线，以孤立反英最坚决的新英格兰诸殖民地，然后 将其他殖民地各个击破。大陆军因力量薄弱，除战争初期远征一次加拿大外，基本上处于守势， 采取待机破敌，争取外援的方针。
美国独立战争
The startingThe American War of independence War in 1783 Independence1775 ~ of the British North America, the 13 colonies against British colonial rule, the revolutionary War for national independence. North American war of independence and says the American revolution, or. The war is mainly to fight the British empire began in the economic policy, but afterwards but because of France, Spain and the Netherlands joined war against the British empire, and make war far beyond the scope of the British North America. At the same time, many Indian people both war.The causesSince the 13 colonies belong to British, the economy in colonies developed very fast. And with the development of economy, the people in the colonies wanted more power to determine their business. But the policy of the British Government was to bring the development under their control and collect more taxes from the colonies.In order to finance a large army stationed in America, the British Government collected more money from the colonies and requited回报the colonies to provide the troops with fuel, light, bedding and other things.The East India Company, a vital source of British wealth, was in financial straits. To help the company turn the corner, the British Government granted it the monopoly垄断over all the tea exported to the colonies without paying duty .Thus the company could easily undersell the independent tea merchants and the smugglers in the colonies, who organized strong opposition to this unequal treatment.Boston Tea PartyOn the might of December 16, 1773, a band of men, disguised as Indians and led by Samuel Adams, boarded three British ships lying at anchor in Boston and dumped their tea cargo, which was from China, into the sea. 342 chest of tea valued at about ﹩75,000 were thus destroyed. This carrel to be known as the “Boston Tea Party”.The British Government was thus forced to take actions. Otherwise, it would lose face before the world for its failure to control its own colonies.the Stamp Act（可讲可不讲）The next increase in the tension came in 1765 with the Stamp Act and a trade act know as the Sugar Act. It was the Stamp Act that caused the mostprotest. This was a direct tax, levied on the paper required for legal transactions and on newspapers. It had been proposed in 1764, and the Americans had been given the year to suggest alternative methods of raising the money needed to administer and defend the colonies. Instead, this year was used to organise opposition to the act.The developmentIn the face of such a grave situation, colonial delegates代表from 12 colonies (Georgia didn’t send its delegates) met in Philadelphia on September 5, 1774,to consult upon the present unhappy state of the colonies. This meeting has been known as the First Continental Congress, which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods. Colonial militia units were organized.The spark火花came in the Boston area on April 19, 1775. When American revolutionaries were removing munitions 军需品from the arsenals兵工厂in the small towns of Lexington and Concord, about 50 kilo meters from Boston. Some British troops, after a night of marching, reached the village of Lexington, they met about 50 minutemen民兵. There was a dense fog and shots soon broke out from both sides. The American minutemen were forced to withdrawn leaving 8 of their dead upon the spot. Many Americans nearly heard the shots and began to prepare themselves. When the farmers at North Bridge. It was here that these American farmers fired” the shot heard round the world”.While the alarms of Lexington and Concord were still resounding, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, in a house which later becomes known as Independence Hall. In the meeting, the delegate agreed to support the war. The congress founded a Continental Army and Navy, and appointed George Washington as commander, who was a Virginian militia commander. It also appointed a committee to draft a formal declaration. Thomas Jefferson was in charge of drafting the Declaration of Independence. One after another, the colonies cast off their hesitation and, through their assemblies, declared of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and some other members, was appointed to draw up the Declaration of Independence. After three weeks of discussion, the committee prepared the famous document which was formally adopted on July 4, 1776, a day which has been celebrated each year as Independence Day or National Day in the United Seated. In fact it was the beginning of struggle.At the beginning of the war, the Americans suffered repeatedly setbacks. But, with Franklin’s successful diplomatic activities were a great help to thewar efforts. On Christmas Day of 1776, French-Americans defeated the British troops at Trenton, New Jersey. Before long, the American troops defeated the British at Saratoga in Northern New York. This was a great turning point of the war, leading directly to an alliance between the U.S and the France.In 1781, Washington, with the help of the French army, penned the British troops at York town. On Virginia coast and, on October 19, the same year, the British general Cornwallis surrendered.In September 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed. The peace treaty British recognized the independence, freedom, and sovereignty of the 13 states. The large expansion of land to the west of the colonies, with the Mississippi as the western limit, was also given to the 13 states.The American War of Independence was of great historical importance and influence. A new republic emerged浮现that a just cause will sooner or later win while the evil cause will surely lose. It also had great international influence. For example, the colonies in Spanish America rose up one after another to overthrow Spanish colonial rule. It also helped to promote the national liberation struggle of the colonies in the world.。
美国独立战争
1774年英国政府通过一系列“强制法案”（Coercive Acts），旨在加强控制。这些法案虽然是针对麻塞诸塞州，但被北美居民称作“不可容忍的法案”，后来费城等其他港口也陆续响应，终于导致1775年4月的美国独立战争。
独立战争的开始
1775年4月19日，波士顿人民在来克星顿上空打响了独立战争的第一枪，来克星顿的枪声拉开了美国独立战争的序幕。莱克星顿的北美民兵
波士顿倾茶事件
波士顿倾茶事件
波士顿倾茶事件(Boston Tea Party) 又称波士顿茶党事件。1773年发生的北美殖民地波士顿人民反对英国东印度公司垄断茶叶贸易的事件。1773年，英国政府为倾销东印度公司的积存茶叶，通过《救济东印度公司条例》。该条例给予东印度公司到北美殖民地销售积压茶叶的专利权，免缴高额的进口关税，只征收轻微的茶税。条例明令禁止殖民地贩卖“私茶”。东印度公司因此垄断了北美殖民地的茶叶运销，其输入的茶叶价格较“私茶”便宜百分之五十。该条例引起北美殖民地人民的极大愤怒，人们饮用的走私茶占消费量的十分之九。纽约、费城、查尔斯顿人民拒绝卸运茶叶。[5] 波士顿革命分子塞谬尔·亚当斯领导的一个由三组每组50个当地人组成的组织“自由之子”，打扮成印第安人偷偷摸到三艘船上，将船上货物捣毁，并将342箱茶叶倒入港口内。当时，灯把晚上照得像白天一样，很多人起来看热闹，整个过程相当平和及安静。但是此举得到来自各个方面的批评，英国政府下令关闭波士顿港口，直到他们把扔下茶叶的钱偿还，还将战船和军队驶入殖民地。 前新泽西州州长本杰明·富兰克林认为被倾倒的茶叶应该被赔偿，表示愿意用自己的钱来赔。英国认为这是对殖民政府的挑衅。
1765年，英国人又想出个新花样：印花税。他们规定，一切公文、契约合同，执照、报纸、杂志、广告、单据、遗嘱，都必须贴上印花税票，才能生效可流通。这激起殖民地人民极大的愤怒，于是，“自由之子”、“通讯委员会”等秘密反英组织相继出现，各地都发生了反英事件，抵制英货、赶走税吏、焚烧税票、武装反抗等等。这一切引起了英国政府的恐慌，他们立即派军队镇压。反英的怒火在殖民地人民心中燃烧，一场争取独立和自由的战火即将在北美大陆上燃烧起来了。 1765年，英国国会为转嫁沉重的军费负担而向英属北美殖民地直接征税的条例。七年战争后，英国政府为了进一步控制殖民地和镇压印第安人，派遣一万名军队常驻北美，由当地负责全部开支。1765年3月22日，英国国会通过的印花税条例规定，北美殖民地的印刷品包括报纸、书刊、契据、执照、文凭、纸牌、入场券等均需加贴印花税票，税额自2便士到几英镑不等，违者罚款或监禁。该条例定于11月1日起生效。印花税条例遭到殖民地人民的强烈反对。殖民地人民坚持只有通过他们自己的议会才能作出征税决定。“自由之子”、“通讯委员会”等秘密会社组织起来，带领群众捣毁税局，焚烧印花税票，把税吏身上涂满柏油、粘上羽毛、游街示众。11月印花税法生效前，全殖民地税吏都被迫辞职。1765年10月，在纽约召开全殖民地反对印花税法大会。会上通过拒绝向英交纳印花税等14项决议。为抵制印花税条例，全殖民地展开抵制英货运动，从而导致英国对殖民地的出口额大幅度下降。英国30个城市的商人和制造商联合向议会上书请求废除印花税法。英国议会于1766年3月18日，最后通过废除印花税条例的决议。[2]
美国独立战争（美国民族独立战争）详细资料大全
美国独立战争（美国民族独立战争）详细资料大全美国独立战争（英语：American Revolutionary War，1775年—1783年），或称美国革命战争，是大英帝国和其北美十三州殖民地的革命者，以及其他几个欧洲强国之间的一场战争。
这场战争是始于为了对抗英国的经济政策，但后来却因为法国加入战争对抗英国，而使战争的范围远远超过英属北美之外。
由于英国一直以来对殖民地进行剥削，对北美殖民地经济的发展起到严重阻碍作用，为了对抗英国的经济政策，北美人民奋起抗争。
始于1775年4月的莱克星顿枪声，1776年7月4日大陆会议通过了由托马斯·杰斐逊执笔起草的《独立宣言》，宣告了美国的诞生。
基本介绍•名称：美国独立战争•地点：北美洲、十三殖民地（英国）•时间：1775年—1783年•参战方：美利坚合众国（未被承认）、法兰西王国、西班牙王国、荷兰王国 VS 大英帝国•结果：签订《巴黎和约》，北美十三殖民地正式独立成为美利坚合众国•参战方兵力：美军：35,000人参加大陆军；340,000人参加过民兵•56,000名英军士兵、78艘皇家海军舰船•伤亡情况：美军：近50,000人伤亡•英军：近20,000人伤亡•主要指挥官：乔治·华盛顿、亨利·柯林顿•性质：资产阶级革命、民族解放运动•原因：英国殖民统治阻碍了北美经济发展•导火线：1773年波士顿倾茶事件•开始标志：1775年4月莱克星顿枪声•结束标志：1783年英国承认美国独立•根本目的：推翻殖民统治，实现民族独立•领导者（美）：华盛顿、杰斐逊、亚当斯、法拉格特•领导者（英）：康华利、柏高英、乔治三世•转折战役：萨拉托加战役•重大战役：约克镇战役•重点城市：波士顿、纽约、约克镇、费城背景,起因,经过,第一阶段,第二阶段,第三阶段,实力对比,结果,影响,评价,背景美国独立战争，或称美国革命战争（英语：American Revolutionary War，1775年—1783年），是大英帝国和其北美十三州殖民地的革命者，以及其他几个欧洲强国之间的一场战争。
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• Parliament rejected the First Continenta Congress’ petition • April 1775 Br. Commander in Boston sent detachment of troops to nearby Lexington and Concord
Advantages
•Naval power •Wealth •Professional army • Ireland worry •French backstab
• disjointed/jealous •Badly organized •No currency
Disadvantages
•No Wm பைடு நூலகம்itt to organize
– Shot heard around the world – British lost 1/3 of their army
On the Eve of the Revolution ?
Britain
• pop adv 3:1
Americans
• defensive fight
• self sustaining agric •Moral advantage just cause
• Liked American cousins
Write this down!
Second Continental Congress
• May 1775 • Conservative • No well defined desire for independence • Best political move - drafting G Washington • Va to balance Ma - aristocrat to balance “masses”
The Road to Revolution
• What is meant by “salutary neglect” and how does this lead directly to the revolution?
Revolution?
What was the Revolutionary mov’t at its core really all about? The amount of taxation? The right of Parliament to tax? The political corruption of Britain and the virtue of America? The right of a king to govern America? The colonies’ growing sense of nat’l identity apart from Britain? Was the Revolution truly a radical overturning of gov’t and society - the usual definition of a “revolution - or something far more limited or even “conservative” in its defense of traditional rights?
Whose Revolution
Varying viewpoints: whose revolution?
An ideological view of the Revolution as resulting from the colonists’ ideas about liberty and power. “The colonists believed they saw emerging from the welter of events during the decade after the Stamp Act a pattern whose meaning was unmistakable…They saw about them, with increasing clarity, no merely mistaken, or even evil, policies violating the principles upon which freedom rested, but what appeared to be evidence of nothing less than a deliberate assault launched surreptitiously by plotters against liberty both in England and in America…. This belief transformed the colonists’ struggle…” Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (1967)
Whose Revolution
Varying viewpoints: whose revolution?
Progressive view of the Revolution as product of social conflict among colonial groups. “It was the opposition of interests In America that chiefly made men extremists On either side…. Those men who wished to take a safe middle ground, who wished neither to renounce their country nor to mark themselves as rebels, could no longer hold together” Carl L. Becker Beginnings of the American People (1915)