清华大学大学化学A期末考试

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清华大学生物化学试卷2005_final_exam_A

清华大学生物化学试卷2005_final_exam_A
A.5
B.6
C.6.5
D.7.5
E.No ATP would form under these conditions.
Answer(s): D
3.Indicate which of the following events can occur during the processing of eukaryotic mRNA transcripts.
清华大学本科生考试试题专用纸(A)
考试课程Biochemistry II 2005年1月15日
说明:1.第1-40题为选择题,每题2分,答案可能是一个或多个,请将
正确答案填在适当的横线处;
2.第41-44题为问答题,每题的分数标在了题目后面,请将答案写
在答题纸上;
3.本卷满分为100。
1. Which compound links glycolysis, nucleotide synthesis, and glycogen synthesis?
Answer(s):D
8.Consider the mRNA sequence: (5’) AAUGCAGCUUUAGCA(3’). The sequence ofthe coding strand of DNA is:
A.(5’) ACGATTTCGACGTAA(3’)
B.(3’) TTACGTCGAAATCGT(5’)
E.The value ofG’ois also negative.
Answer(s): AD
13.Which of the following isnota physiological role of nucleotides?
A.allosteric regulators

清华大学生物化学2科期末考试试题

清华大学生物化学2科期末考试试题

清华大学生物化学2科期末考试试题清华大学生物化学本科期末考试试题考试课程Biochemistry II考试时间:------考试类型:期末测试说明:1. 请选择正确答案,填在适当的横线处(1-30题)或写在答题纸上(31-33题);2. 答案可能是一个或多个;3. 每题的分数在标在了题目后面;4. 本卷满分为100.1. If the ΔG` of the reaction A B is –12 kJ/mol, which of the following statements are correct? (Note the prime symbol means that a thermodynamic parameter is measured at pH.7.0) (2 points)A. The reaction will proceed spontaneously from left to right at the given conditions.B. The reaction will proceed spontaneously from right to left at standard conditions.C. The equilibrium constant favors the formation of B over the formation of A.D. The equilibrium constant could be calculated if the initial concentrations of A and B were known.E. The value of ΔG`o is also negative.Answer(s): A, D2. Which of the following statements about ATP and its roles in cells are true? (2 points)A. The ATP molecule is kinetically unstable and is thus consumed within about one minute following its formation in cells.B. ATP provides free energy to a thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by group transfer, always donating a Pi to form a covalent intermediate.C. ATP can be regenerated by coupling with a reaction that releases more free energy than does ATP hydrolysis.D. A transmembrane proton-motive force can drive ATP synthesis.E. The active form of ATP is usually in a complex with Mg2+.Answer(s): C, D, E3. A common moiety for NADP, NAD, FMN, FAD, and coenzyme A is: (2 points)A. A pyrimidine ring;B. A three ring structure;C. An ADP;D. A pyranose ring;E. A triphosphate group.Answer(s): C4. If the C-1 carbon of glucose were labeled with 14C, which of the carbon atoms in pyruvate would be labeled after glycolysis? (2 points)A. The carboxylate carbon;B. The carbonyl carbon;C. The methyl carbon.Answer(s): C5. Which of the following are metabolic products of pyruvate in higher organisms?(2 points)A. GlycerolB. Lactic acidC. AcetoneD. Acetyl-CoAE. EthanolAnswer(s): B, D6. Indicate whether each of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway is true (T) or false (F). (5 points)A. It generates NADH for reductive biosyntheses. FB. The reactions occur in the cytosol. TC. Transketolase and transaldolase link this pathway to gluconeogenesis. FD. It is more active in muscle cells than in fat-storage cells. FE. It interconverts trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, and heptoses. T7. Which of the following statements are correct? The citric acid cycle (2 points)A. does not exist as such in plants and bacteria, because its functions are performed by the glyoxylate cycle.B. oxidizes acetyl CoA derived from fatty acid degradation.C. produces most of the CO2 in anaerobic organisms.D. provides succinyl CoA for the synthesis of carbohydrates.E. provides precursors for the synthesis of glutamic and aspartic acids.Answer(s): B, E8. Match the cofactors of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex with their corresponding enzyme components and with their roles in the enzymatic steps that are listed. (5 points)A. Coenzyme A: 3,7B. NAD+: 2, 9C. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP): 1, 5D. FAD: 2, 6E. Lipoamide: 3, 4,8(1). Pyruvate dehydrogenase component(2). Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase(3). Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase(4). Oxidizes the hydroxylethyl group(5). Decarboxylates pyruvate(6). Oxidizes dihydrolipoamide(7). Accepts the acetyl group from acetyllipoamide(8). Provides a long, flexible arm that coveys intermediates to different enzyme component.(9). Oxidizes FADH2.9. Matching the role in fatty acid oxidation and/or mobilization to the appropriate component listed below. (5 points)A. Bile salt: 2B. Serum albumin:5C. ApoC-II:4D. Apolipoprotein:3E. Carnitine:1(1). Acts as a “carrier” of fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane.(2). Acts as a biological detergent, disrupting fat globules into small mixed micelles.(3). Binds and transports triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and cholesterol between organs.(4). Activates lipoprotein lipase, which cleaves triacylglycerols into their components.(5). Binds some fatty acids molibized from adipocytes and transports them in the blood to heart and skeletal muscle.10. Which of the following answers complete the sentence correctly? Surplus dietary amino acids may be converted into (2 points)A. proteins.B. Fats.C. ketone bodies.D. glucose.E. a variety of biomolecules for which they are precursors.Answer(s): A, B, C, D,E11. Which of the following compounds serves as an acceptor for the amino groups of many amino acids during metabolism? (2 points)A. GlutamineB. Asparagine.C. α-ketoglutarate.D. OxaloacetateE. GlutamateAnswer(s):C12. Match the functions for the coenzymes that are involved in amino acid metabolism. (4 points)A. Pyridoxal phosphate: (3)B. Coenzyme B12: (2)C. Tetrahydrobiopterin: (1)D. NAD+: (1)E. Biotin (4)(1). Carries electrons(2). Provides free radicals(3). Carries amino groups(4). Carries CO2.13. Which of the following experimental observations would not support the chemiosmotic model of oxidative phosphorylation? (3 points)A. If mitochondrial membranes are ruptured, oxidative phosphorylation cannot occur.B. Raising the pH of the fluid in the intermembrane space results in ATP synthesis in the matrix.C. Transfer of electrons through the respiratory chain results in formation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.D. The orientation of the enzyme complexes of the electron transfer chain results in a unidirectional flow of H+.E. Radioactively labeled inorganic phosphate is incorporated into cytosolic ATP only in the presence of an H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Answer(s): B14. Some photosynthetic prokaryotes use H2S, hydrogen sulfide, instead of water as their photosynthetic hydrogen donor. How does this change the ultimate products of photosynthesis? (2 points)A. Carbohydrate (CH2O) is not produced.B. H2O is not produced.C. Oxygen is not produced.D. ATP is not produced.E. The products do not change.Answer(s): C15. Which of the following are constituents of chlorophylls? (2 points)A. Substituted tetrapyrrole.B. Plastoquinone.C. Mg2+.D. Fe2+.E. Phytol.F. Iron porphyrin.Answer(s): A, C, E16. The observation that the incubation of photosynthetic algae with 14CO2 in the light for a very brief time (5s) led to the formation of 14C-labeled3-phosphoglycerate suggested that the 14CO2 was condensing with sometwo-carbon acceptor. That acceptor was in fact which of the following? (2 points)A. AcetateB. Acetyl CoAC. Acetyl phosphateD. AcetaldehdydeE. Glycerol phosphateF. None of the aboveAnswer(s): F17. Which of the following are common features of the syntheses of mevalonate (an intermediate of cholesterol biosynthesis) and ketone bodies? (2 points)A. Both involve 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA).B. Both require NADPH.C. Both require the HMG-CoA cleavage enzyme.D. Both occur in the mitochondria.E. Both occur in liver cells.Answer(s): A18. S-adenosylmethionine is involved directly in which of the following reactions. (3 points)A. Methyl transfer to phosphatidyl ethanolamine.B. Synthesis of glycine from serine.C. Synthesis of polyamines.D. Conversion of homocysteine to methionine.E. Generation of the 5` cap of the eukaryotic mRNAs.Answer(s): A, C, E19.Which of the following does not provide a carbon skeleton for the synthesis of amino acids? (2 points)A. succinate.B. α-ketoglutarateC. Pyruvate.D. Oxaloacetate.E. Ribose-5-phosphate.Answer(s): A20. Which of the following compounds directly provide atoms to form the purine ring? (3 points)A. Aspartate.B. Carbamoyl phosphate.C. Glutamine.D. Glycine.E. CO2.F. N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate.G. N10-formyltetrahydrofolate.H. NH4+.Answer(s): A, C, D, E, G21. Which of the following statements about ribonucleotide reductase are true? (2 points)A. It converts ribonucleoside diphosphates into 2`-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates in humans.B. It contains coenzyme B12, which generates free radicals needed for the catalysis.C. It accepts electrons directly from FADH2.D. It receives electrons directly from either thioredoxin or glutaredoxin.E. It contains two kinds of allosteric regulatory sites: one for controlling the overall activity and the other for controlling the substrate specificity.Answer(s): A, D, E22. Biosynthetic pathways that require NADPH include which of the following? (2 points)A. Gluconeogenesis.B. Fatty acid biosynthesis.C. Ketone body formation.D. Cholesterol biosynthesis.E. Tyrosine biosynthesis.Answer(s): B,D,E23. Homologous recombination in E. coli is likely to require which of the following?(3 points)A. DnaB protein.B. RecA protein.C. RecBCD complex.D. ATP.E. NAD+.F. Single-strand DNA binding protein.G. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.H. DNA polymerase I.I. DNA ligase.J. dATP.Answer(s): B, C, D, E, F, H, I, J24. Which of the following statements about E. coli promoters are correct? (2 points)A. They may exhibit different transcription efficiencies.B. For most genes they include variants of consensus sequences.C. They specify the start sites for transcription on the DNA template.D. They have identical and defining sequences.E. They are activated when C or G residues are substituted into their –10 regions by mutation.F. Those that have sequences that correspond closely to the consensus sequences and are separated by 17 base pairs are very efficient.Answer(s): A, B, C, F25. The AAUAAA sequence on a RNA molecule marks (2 points)A. The site where ribosomes bind to initiate polypeptide synthesis.B. The site where transcription stops.C. The site near which the primary transcript is cleaved and a poly (A) sequence is added.D. The site where the release factor will bind to end polypeptide synthesis.E. The site where polyribonucleotide phosphorylase will add a stretch of random sequences.Answer(s): C26. The σ70 subunit of the E. coli RNA polymerase: (2 points)A. acts as the catalytic site for polymerization.B. Recognize promoters.C. Has a proofreading function.D. Increases the processivity of the enzyme.E. Recognizes termination signals.Answer(s): B27. The discontinuity of eukaryotic genes were first revealed by: (2 points)A. Using footprinting techniques.B. DNA sequence comparison.C. RNA sequence analysis.D. Electron microscopic analysis of RNA-DNA hybrid molecules.E. Plant genetic studies.Answer(s): D28. Which of the following mRNA codons can be recognized by the tRNA anticodon ICG. (2 points)A. UGC.B. CGA.C. UGA.D. CGU.E. CGC.Answer(s): B, D, E29. A new compound, vivekine, was recently discovered by a clever undergraduate student. It was isolated from bacteria found in deep sea-dwelling organisms. Vivekine inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotes: Protein synthesis can initiate, but only dipeptides are formed and these remain bound to the ribosome. This toxin affects eukaryotic protein synthesis by blocking the: (2 points)A. binding of formylmethionyl-tRNA to ribosomes.B. activity of elongation factors.C. activation of amino acids.D. recognition of stop signals.E. formation of peptide bonds.Answer(s): B30. Indicate whether each of the following statements about prokaryotic translation is true (T) or false (F). (7 points)A. An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes formation of an ester bond. ( T )B. An mRNA molecule cannot be used to direct protein synthesis until it has been completely transcribed. ( F )C. The positioning of fMet-tRNA on the A site defines the reading frame. ( F )D. Incoming aminoacyl-tRNA are first bound to the A site. ( T )E. Formation of the 70S initiation complex requires an input of energy. ( T )F. The carboxyl group of the amino acid on the aminoacyl-tRNA is transferred to the amino group of a peptidyl-tRNA.( F )G. Release factors cause the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome to useH2O as a substrate. ( T )31. In an attempt to determine whether a given RNA was catalytically active in the cleavage of a synthetic oligonucleotide, the following experimental results were obtained. When the RNA and the oligonucleotide were incubated together, cleavage of the oligonucleotide occurred. When either the RNA or the oligonucleotide was incubated alone, there was no cleavage. When the RNA was incubated with higher concentrations of the oligonucleotide, saturation kinetics of the Michaelis-Menten type were observed. Do these results demonstrate that theRNA has catalytic activity? Explain. (8 points)Answer: These results alone do not establish that the RNA has catalytic activity. A catalyst must be regenerated. It is entirely possible that the results observed could be accounted for by a stoichiometric, as opposed to a catalytic, interaction between RNA and the oligonucleotide. In which the RNA may “commit suicide” as the oligonucleotide is cleaved. In such an interaction, a portion of the RNA would also be cleaved itself as a part of the reaction. Four reaction products would accumulate, two resulting from the cleavage of RNA and two from the cleavage of the oligonucleotide. To show that this particular RNA was catalytic, it would be necessary to demonstrate that it turns over and is regenerated in the course of the reaction.32.Translation involves conversion of the language of nucleotides to that of proteins. In the chain of events leading from a nucleotide sequence on DNA to the production of protein by ribosomes, where precisely does the process of translation occur? Explain. (6 points)Answer: Translation involves conversion of the language of nucleotides to that of proteins. The agent of translation is the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, which must recognize a particular amino acid and link it to a tRNA containing an anticodon for that amino acid.33.Suppose that a bacterial mutant is found to replicate its DNA at a very low rate. Upon analysis, it is found to have entirely normal activity of DNA polymerases I and III, DNA gyrase, and DNA ligase. It also makes normal amounts and kinds of dnaA,dnaB, dnaC, and SSB proteins. The oriC region of its chromosome is found to be entirely normal with respect to nucleotide sequence. What defect might account for the abnormally low rate of DNA replication in this mutant? Explain. (6 points) Answer: A decrease in the activity of primase would account for the low rate of DNA replication. DNA replication requires the prior synthesis of RNA primers. Decreased rates of dNTP synthesis would also slow replication.。

清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2025届化学高一上期末学业质量监测试题含解析

清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2025届化学高一上期末学业质量监测试题含解析

清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2025届化学高一上期末学业质量监测试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、下列说法正确的是A.硅酸可由二氧化硅与水反应制得B.Na2SiO3是硅酸盐,但不能溶于水C.硅是非金属元素,它的单质是灰黑色有金属光泽的固体D.硅是制造光导纤维的材料2、既能与盐酸反应,又能与NaOH溶液反应的是①Si;②Al(OH)3;③NaHCO3;④Al2O3;⑤Na2CO3A.全部B.①②④C.②④⑤D.②③④3、N A代表阿伏加德罗常数,下列说法正确的是()A.0.1mol Fe 与0.1mol Cl2反应,转移的电子数目为0.3N AB.1.12L Cl2含有1.7N A个质子C.标准状况下,22.4L SO3含N A个硫原子数D.3.2g O2和O3的混合物中含有的氧原子数目为0.2N A4、用N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。

下列说法正确的是A.11.2 L CO2所含有的分子数为0.5.N aB.0.1mol•L-1 MgCl2的溶液中Cl-数为0.1N AC.1 mol Na2O2与足量H2O反应电子转移总数为2N AD.常温常压下,48gO3和O2的混合气体中含有的氧原子数为3N A5、《本草衍义》中对精制芒硝过程有如下叙述:“朴硝以水淋汁,澄清,再经熬炼减半,倾木盆中,经宿,遂结芒有廉棱者。

”文中未涉及的操作方法是A.溶解B.蒸发C.蒸馏D.结晶6、熔融烧碱应选用的仪器是()A.生铁坩埚B.普通玻璃坩埚C.石英坩埚D.陶瓷坩埚7、下列有关试剂的取用说法不正确的是()A.胶头滴管可用来取用少量液体试剂B.无毒的固体试剂可用手直接取用C.多取的钠可放回原试剂瓶中D.取用固体试剂时,可用药匙8、生活中处处有化学,下列说法中正确的是( )A.CO2和CH4都是能引起温室效应的气体B.治疗胃酸过多的药物主要成分为Al(OH)3或Na2CO3等C.明矾溶于水产生具有吸附性的胶体粒子,常用于饮用水的杀菌消毒D.鲜榨苹果汁中含Fe2+,加入维C,利用其氧化性,可防止苹果汁变黄9、下列有关化学用语表达正确的是A.35Cl−和37Cl−离子结构示意图均可以表示为:B.HClO的结构式:H−Cl−OC.HF的电子式:UD.质子数为92、中子数为146的U原子:1469210、下列各组物质能相互反应得到Al(OH)3的是()A.Al2O3跟H2O共热B.Al跟NaOH溶液共热C.Al(NO3)3跟过量的NaOH溶液D.AlCl3跟过量的NH3·H2O11、下列各组离子能够大量共存的是()A.加入Al粉后产生H2的溶液中:Na+、HCO3¯、SO42-、Cl¯B.滴加石蕊试剂变红的溶液中:Na+、Fe2+、NO3¯、Cl¯C.氢氧化铁胶体中:Na+、K+、S2-、Br-D.澄清透明的溶液中:Cu2+、H+、NH4+、SO42-12、在两个密闭容器中,分别充满等物质的量的甲、乙两种气体,它们的温度和摩尔质量均相同。

清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2025届化学高一上期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题含解析

清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2025届化学高一上期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题含解析

清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2025届化学高一上期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、某学习小组为了探究碳酸钠溶液与盐酸的反应,将等体积的a mol/LNa2CO3溶液和b mol/L盐酸相互滴加混合,收集的气体体积大小关系为: V1>V2>0。

下列有关说法正确的是A.V1是盐酸滴入到碳酸钠中产生的气体B.a=bC.2a>b>a D.2a=b2、下列有关化学基本概念的判断依据正确的是A.弱电解质:溶液的导电能力弱B.共价化合物:含有共价键C.离子化合物:含有离子键D.分子晶体:常温下不导电3、下列物质中①Al ②NaHCO3③Al2O3④Mg(OH)2⑤Al(OH)3中,既能与盐酸反应又能与氢氧化钠溶液反应的化合物是()A.①②③⑤B.①④⑤C.②③⑤D.①③④4、当光束通过下列分散系时,能产生丁达尔效应的是()A.稀盐酸B.CuSO4溶液C.Fe(OH)3胶体D.NaCl 溶液5、用下列实验装置完成对应的实验,操作正确并能达到实验目的的是A.称量NaOH固体B.配制100ml 0.1mol·L-1盐酸C.用自来水制备少量蒸馏水D.分离酒精和水的混合物6、为确定下列置于空气中的物质是否变质,所选检验试剂(括号内物质)不能达到目的的是()A.NaOH溶液(Ca(OH)2溶液) B.次氯酸钠溶液(稀硫酸)C.过氧化钠(氯化钙溶液) D.氯水溶液(硝酸银溶液)7、下列有关钠及其化合物说法不正确的是A.实验室将Na保存在煤油中B.金属钠在空气中长期放置,最终生成物为Na2CO3C.将钠元素的单质或者化合物在火焰上灼烧,火焰为黄色D.可用澄清石灰水鉴别Na2CO3溶液和NaHCO3溶液8、下列离子方程式正确的是( )A.向硫酸铝溶液中加入过量氨水:Al3++ 3OH-= Al(OH)3↓B.向Ba(OH)2溶液中滴加NaHSO4溶液至混合溶液恰好为中性:Ba2++OH-+H++SO42-= BaSO4↓+H2O C.FeSO4溶液与稀硫酸、双氧水混合:2Fe2++ H2O2 + 2H+=2Fe3+ + 2H2OD.向NaHCO3溶液中加入足量Ba(OH)2的溶液:Ba2++2HCO3-+2OH-= 2H2O+BaCO3↓+ CO32-9、下列说法错误的是( )A.钠在空气燃烧时先熔化,再燃烧,最后所得的产物是Na2O2B.铝因在空气中形成了一薄层致密的氧化膜,保护内层金属,故铝不需特殊保护C.铁因在潮湿的空气中形成的氧化物薄膜疏松,不能保护内层金属D.SiO2是酸性氧化物,不与任何酸发生反应10、FeCl3、CuCl2的混合溶液中加入一定量的铁粉,充分反应后固体完全溶解,则下列判断正确的是()A.溶液中一定含Cu2+和Fe2+B.溶液中一定含Cu2+和Fe3+C.溶液中一定含Fe3+和Fe2+D.溶液中一定含Fe3+、Cu2+和Fe2+11、下列反应的离子方程式正确的是()A.FeCl3溶液腐蚀铜线路板:Fe3++Cu=Fe2++Cu2+B.氯气通入水中:Cl2+H2O=2H++ClO-+Cl-C.金属铝加入到NaOH溶液中:2Al+2OH-+2H2O=2AlO2-+3H2↑D.Na2O加入稀硫酸中:O2-+2H+=H2O12、同温同压下,相同质量的铝、铁分别与足量盐酸反应时,放出氢气的体积比是()A.1∶1 B.56∶27 C.9∶28 D.28∶913、下列叙述正确的是A.常温常压下,1.5 mol O2的体积约为33.6 LB.NaOH的摩尔质量是40 gC.100 mL水中溶解了5.85 g NaCl,则溶液中NaCl的物质的量浓度为1 mol·L-1D.同温同压下,相同体积的任何气体所含的分子数一定相同14、过滤后的食盐水仍含有可溶性的CaCl2、MgCl2、Na2SO4等杂质,通过如下几个实验步骤,可制得纯净的食盐水:①加入稍过量的BaCl2溶液;②加入稍过量的NaOH溶液;③加入稍过量的Na2CO3溶液;④滴入稀盐酸至无气泡产生;⑤过滤。

清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2023-2024学年高二化学第一学期期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题含

清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2023-2024学年高二化学第一学期期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题含

清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2023-2024学年高二化学第一学期期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2.答题时请按要求用笔。

3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5.保持卡面清洁,不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、立方烷的结构如图..,不考虑立体异构,其二氯代烃和三氯代烃的数目分别为A.2和3B.2和4C.3和3D.3和42、已知CuS、PbS、HgS 的溶度积分别为l.3xl0﹣36、9.0x10﹣29、6.4x10﹣23.下列推断不正确的是A.向含Pb2+、Cu2+、Hg2+的浓度均为0.010 mol•L﹣1的溶液中通人硫化氢气体,产生沉淀的顺序依次为PbS、CuS、HgSB.在硫化铅悬浊液中滴几滴硝酸铜溶液,会生成硫化铜C.在含Hg2+、Cu2+、Pb2+的溶液中滴加硫化钠溶液,当c(S2﹣)=0.001 mol•L﹣1时三种金属离子都完全沉淀D.硫化钠是处理废水中含上述金属离子的沉淀剂3、下列物质中不属于有机物的是A.CaC2B.C3H8C.C2H4O2D.C3H7Cl4、以乙醇为原料,用下述6种类型的反应:①氧化,②消去,③加成,④酯化,⑤水解,⑥加聚,来合成乙二酸乙二酯()的正确顺序是()A.①⑤②③④B.①②③④⑤C.②③⑤①⑥D.②③⑤①④5、有如图装置,下列有关该装置的叙述正确的是()A.锌极附近滴入酚酞,溶液呈红色。

B.铁极发生的电极反应为:2H2O+O2+4e=4OH-C.铁极发生了吸氧腐蚀D.溶液中的OH-离子向铁极移动6、下列过程中,由电能转化为化学能的是A.打手机B.光合作用 C.手机电池充电 D.点燃氢气7、下列有关实验的说法正确的是A.加热后溶液颜色由红色变为无色B.除去氯气中的氯化氢C.除去二氧化碳气体中的水蒸气D.实验室用该装置制取少量蒸馏水8、如图所示进行实验,下列分析错误的是A.实验②中白色沉淀变成黄色沉淀B.该实验可说明溶度积Ksp(AgCl)>Ksp(AgI)C.反应后c(Ag+):①<②D.实验②中发生反应:AgCl+I-=AgI+Cl-9、关于如图中四个图像的说法正确的是注:图中,E表示能量,p表示压强,t表示时间,V表示体积。

工程热力学期末试卷答案

工程热力学期末试卷答案

清华大学本科生考试试题专用纸(A )考试课程 工程热力学 20XX 年1月13日一、 简答题,简要说明理由(每题4分,共40分)1.说明反应热、热效应、燃料热值三者的区别与联系。

答:热效应是指系统经历一个化学反应过程、反应前后温度相等、并且只做容积功而无其他形式的功时,1kmol 主要反应物或生成物所吸收或放出的热量,为状态量。

反应热是过程量,于化学反应过程的状态及是否有其他作功过程有关。

根据定义,热效应就是特定定温过程且只有容积变化功时的反应热。

1kmol 燃料完全燃烧时热效应的相反值称为燃料热值。

2.已知气体的温度、压力及临界参数,如何利用通用压缩因子图确定其比容。

答:知道,,,,c c T p T p 则可知 ,r r c cT p T p T p ==,然后由通用压缩因子图查得相应的压缩因子z ,可求得zRT v p=。

3.柴油机的热效率一般比汽油机高,其主要原因是什么?答:这是由于汽油机的压缩比远低于柴油机的压缩比,汽油机的热效率随压缩比降低而降低。

汽油机压缩比不能过高主要受制于汽油的自燃温度低,压缩比过高易引起爆燃。

4.已知房间内部墙面的温度为16︒C ,如果室内空气的温度为22︒C ,试问为防止墙表面凝结水珠,室内空气的相对湿度最大不应超过多少?答: 不超过,16,22s C s C p p ,s p 为水蒸汽的饱和压。

5.如果选取燃气轮机装置理想循环的最佳增压比,是否意味着可获得最高的循环热效率,为什么?答:不是。

最佳增压比对应的最大净功,并不是最高循环热效率。

6.对于2212CO O CO +→的反应,初时处于化学平衡状态,由于某种原因使得系统压力升高,请问化学平衡向正方向还是反方向移动,说明理由。

答:正方向。

因为根据平衡移动原理,反应平衡总是向削弱外界影响的方向移动。

7.提高燃气轮机动力循环热效率的措施有那些?提高蒸汽轮机动力循环热效率的措施又有那些?答:提高燃气轮机循环效率的措施:提高增压比、采用回热、在回热基础上分级压缩中间冷却、在回热基础上分级膨胀中间再热。

2022年清华大学生物科学专业《微生物学》期末试卷A(有答案)

2022年清华大学生物科学专业《微生物学》期末试卷A(有答案)

2022年清华大学生物科学专业《微生物学》期末试卷A(有答案)一、填空题1、细菌的染色方法有______、______和______。

其中鉴别染色法又可分为______、______、______和______。

2、由一步生长曲线可获得病毒繁殖的两个特征性数据,即潜伏期和裂解量。

前者为______所需的最短的时间,后者为______的平均数目。

3、新陈代谢是生物体内发生的一切有序化学变化的总称,它包括______和______两部分。

4、化能自养型和化能异养型微生物,生长所需的能量前者来自于______的氧化放能,而后者则来自于______的氧化放能;生长所需的碳源前者以______为主,后者则以______为主要来源。

5、霉菌的气生菌丝可分化出各种类型的子实体,如无性的______、______、______等;有性的______、______和______等。

6、微生物在资源开发上具有良好的发展前景,表现在:______,______,以及______等等。

7、巴氏消毒法的具体方法很多,主要可分为两类,即______和______。

8、在工业防霉剂的筛选中,经常要用8种霉菌作为模式试验菌种,如______、______、______和______等。

9、当前对原核受体细胞来说,在遗传工程中的最合适外源基因载体是 ______和______,对真核细胞受体来说,在动物方面主要有______,植物方面则主要是______。

10、外毒素的种类很多,常见的如______、______、______和______ 等。

二、判断题11、由于支原体细胞膜上含有甾醇,因此,它们对于抗真菌的抗生素很敏感。

()12、病毒、类病毒和朊病毒因其是活细胞内寄生物,不能在人工培养基上培养,故属于难养菌。

()13、在化能自养细菌中,呼吸链的递氢作用是不可逆的。

()14、至今人类及许多有益动物的疑难疾病和威胁性最大的传染病几乎都是由病毒引起的。

北京市清华大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期入学调研考试 化学试题(含答案)

北京市清华大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期入学调研考试 化学试题(含答案)

高三入学调研试卷化学清华附中高22级 2024.8可能用到的相对原子质量H1 C12 O16 S32 Fe56 Cu64 Zn65第一部分本部分共14题,每题3分,共42分。

每题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1.新技术新材料在我国探月工程中大放异彩,例如:◇用于供能的太阳电池阵及锂离子蓄电池组;◇用于制作网状天线的钼金属丝纺织经编技术;◇用于制作探测器取样钻杆的碳化硅增强铝基复合材料。

下列说法不正确的是( )A.Li 位于第二周期IA 族B.制作天线利用了金属的延展性C.碳化硅的熔点比金刚石的高D.碳化硅属于共价晶体2.下列物质的颜色变化与氧化还原反应无关的是( )A.浓硝酸久置后,显黄色B.刚生成的白色沉淀放置后,变成红褐色C.将通入酸性高锰酸钾溶液中,溶液紫红色褪去D.向黄色的铬酸钾()溶液中加入硫酸,溶液变为橙红色()3.下列化学用语或图示表达正确的是( )A.用电子式表示HCl 的形成过程:B.基态N 原子的轨道表示式:C.的VSEPR 模型:D.乙烯分子中键的形成:4.下列说法正确的是()A.淀粉水解生成乙醇,可用于酿酒()2Fe OH 2SO 24K CrO 227Cr O -3SO σB.75%的酒精使蛋白质盐析,可用于杀菌消毒C.由丙氨酸形成的二肽中存在两个氨基和两个羧基D.核酸可看作磷酸、戊糖和碱基通过一定方式结合而成的生物大分子5.下列对事实的分析正确的是( )选项事实分析A 键角:电负性:B 第一电离能:原子半径:C 沸点:CO 为极性分子,为非极性分子D热稳定性:HF 中存在氢键,HCl 中不存在氢键6.下列解释事实的离子方程式不正确的是()A.向酸性的淀粉—碘化钾溶液中滴加适量双氧水,溶液变蓝:B.电解饱和食盐水时阴极析出气体:C.过量铁粉与稀硝酸反应,产生无色气体:D.向氢氧化镁悬浊液中滴加氯化铵溶液,沉淀溶解:7.下列实验能达到实验目的的是( )选项ABCD实验目的验证铁的吸氧腐蚀检验电石与水反应的产物是乙炔除去中的少量探究干燥的氯气是否具有漂白性8.乙烯和氧气在Ag 催化下生成环氧乙烷(EO )和乙醛(AA )的机理如下图所示。

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2006-2007年度《大学化学A 》期末考试卷(B 卷)
班级 姓名 学号 得分
(2007年1月17日)
一、选择题(将正确选项字母填入括号内,每题2分,共20分。


1. 关于乙烯分子中下列说法不正确的是 ( )
(A ) 两个C 原子都是sp 2杂化
(B ) 六个原子在同一平面上
(C ) 两个C 原子间形成一个σ键和一个π键
(D ) 两个C 原子间形成2个π键
2. 下列现象可用稀溶液的依数性获得正确解释的是
( ) (A ) 冬天洒盐可溶化路上的冰雪
(B ) 测定有机物熔点,可判断此有机物的纯度
(C ) 植物的毛细现象
(D ) 甘油水溶液可作汽车冷却器的防冻液
3. 下列描述原子核外电子运动状态的四个量子数,
不正确的是
( ) (A )(3,2,2,21
) (B )(2,1,0,-21

(C )(3,0,0,21
) (D )(2,2,0,-21

4. 298K 时,CH 3OH(l) + 23O 2(g) = 2H 2O(l) + CO 2(g)的
恒压热效应Q p 和恒容热效应Q v 之差Q p -Q v 约为/kJ mol -1
( ) (A )1.24 (B )-1.24 (C )3.72 (D )-3.72
5. 使人体血浆pH 值维持在7.35左右的
缓冲溶液体系是:
( ) (A )NaH 2PO 4 + NaHPO 4
(H 3PO 4的K Өa1=7×10-3,K Өa2=6×10-8,K Өa3=4×10-13)
(B )NaHCO 3 + H 2CO 3
(H 2CO 3的K Өa1=4.2×10-7,K Өa2=4.8×10-11)
(C )HF + NH 4F (HF 的K Өa =6.7×10-4)
(D )NH 4Cl + NH 3·H 2O (NH 3·H 2O 的K Өb =1.8×10-5)
6. 某个化学反应,当温度从298K 升高到398K 时,
若各物质状态均无变化,则下列关系正确的是:
( ) (A )∆r H Өm (398K) > ∆r H Өm (298K)
(B )∆r H Өm (398K) < ∆r H Өm (298K)
(C )∆r H Өm (398K) ≈ ∆r H Өm (298K)
(D )∆r G Өm (398K) = ∆r G Өm (298K)
7. 某元素+2价离子的电子结构式为:[Ar]3d 6,
该元素在周期表中位于: ( )
(A )V ΙA 族 (B )V ΙB 族
(C )V Ш族 (D )零族
8. 恒温恒压化学反应自发进行的判据是: ( )
(A )∆r H m < 0 (B )∆r S m > 0
(C )∆r H m < T ∆r S m (D )∆r H m > ∆r S m
9. 已知:
2H 2 (g) + S 2 (g)
2H 2S (g) K Ө1 (1) 2Br 2 (g) + 2H 2S (g)
4HBr (g) + S 2 (g) K Ө2 (2) Br 2 (g) + H 2 (g)
2HBr (g) K Ө3 (3) 2
(2)(1)(3)+=则K Ө3等于: ( ) (A )(K Ө1/ K Ө2)1/2 (B )(K Ө1 K Ө2)1/2
(C )K Ө1/ K Ө2 (D )K Ө1 K Ө2
10. A 、B 两原子,在下列原子轨道中各有一个自旋方向
相反的不成对电子,则沿着x 轴方向可形成σ键的是: ( )
(A )2s~2p y (B )2p x ~2p x
(C )2p z ~2p z (D )2p y ~2p x
二、判断题(正确打“√”,错误打“×”,每题1分,共10分。


1. 在相同温度下,相同浓度(0.01mol kg -1)的糖水溶液
和萘的苯溶液,其沸点升高∆T b 值不等。

( )
2. 难溶电解质溶液中的各离子相对浓度乘积是
该物质的浓度积(K Өsp )。

( )
3. H 2(g) + S(g) = H 2S(g)此反应的∆r H Өm 为H 2S(g)的标准生成焓。

( )
4. H +(aq)的标准熵(S Өm •298.15K )大于0。

( )
5. 在25℃,1升0.2mol/L 的HF 溶液加入等体积的0.1mol/L 的
NaOH 溶液,此溶液具有缓冲溶液的特性。

( )
6. 已知Cu 2+ + 2e - Cu 的标准电极电势为ϕ1Ө,
2
1Cu 2+ + e - 21Cu 的标准电极电势为ϕ2Ө, 则ϕ2Ө=2
1ϕ1Ө。

( ) 7. 反应MgCO 3(s) → MgO(s) + CO 2(g)其:∆r H Өm >0,∆r S Өm >0。

( ) 8. 水溶液中,用Fe 3+氧化I -的反应,因加入F -会
使反应进行的趋势变小。

( )
9. 电对O 2/H 2O 与O 2/OH -
的标准电极电势分别为ϕӨ1和ϕӨ2,
则ϕӨ1 < ϕӨ2。

( )
10. 孤立体系,当达到平衡的时候,体系熵值最大。

( )
三、填空题(每空2分,共40分。


1. 基态Si 原子的电子排布: ,并用四个量子数表示其中能量最高的电子运动状
态: 。

2. 已知放热反应:2CO (g)+ 2NO (g) = 2CO 2 (g) + N 2 (g),反应是 。

(高温自发或
者低温自发)
3. 某大分子未知化合物,欲测其分子量,为减小测量误差,问选用下述哪种方法更为合
适 。

(∆P ,∆T b ,∆T f ,π)
4. 高碘酸H 5IO 6分子的中心原子杂化轨道为: 。

5. PCl 3分子的几何构型 。

6. 已知[Ni(CN)4]2-为抗磁性,中心离子采用 杂化,配离子的几何构型
是 。

7. 顺式[Co(en)(NH 3)2Cl 2]+有无旋光性 。

8. 某一级反应:A 产物,已知:反应速率常数k=0.002S -1,问:A 反应掉5
1时,所需时间t = 秒。

9. 已知反应:A 2+B 2 = 2AB ,正反应活化能E 正=80kJ/mol ,逆反应活化能E 逆=125kJ/mol,若反应
是一步完成的,该反应热效应∆r H m 为 。

10. 已知:ϕӨ(Co 3+/Co 2+)=1.84V ,ϕӨ(Co(NH 3)63+/Co(NH 3)62+)=0.06V ,上述两种配合离子,哪一个稳定
常数大: 。

11. 在碱性介质中锰的元素电势图:MnO 4- 0.56 MnO 42- 0.60 MnO 2
问:MnO 42-能否发生歧化反应 ,若能写出反应方程式:。

为使MnO 42-不发生歧化反应,应如何控制反应条
件: 。

12. 写出原子序数为27的正二价离子的电子结构式: ,该元素符
号: 。

13. 比较下列离子半径大小:F -的半径 Na +的半径。

14. 有一湖水中含有少量Cl -,设计一个方便的电池来测定湖水中Cl -的浓度,其电池符号为:
15. 现有0.8mol/L 的H 3PO 4溶液和2.0mol/L 的NaOH 溶液,用此两种溶液配制100ml pH 值为8.0的
溶液。

已知H 3PO 4的K Өa1=7×10-3,K Өa2=6×10-8,K Өa3=4×10-13,(每空1分,共2分)
问:需上述H 3PO 4 ml ,NaOH ml 。

四、计算题(,每题10分,共30分。


1. 在298K 时,0.79g 苯甲酸(C 6H 5COOH,s)在热容为10.5kJ/K 弹式量热计中燃烧,使量热计的温度升
高2.0K ,计算在298K 时,苯甲酸的标准燃烧热和标准生成焓。

已知298K 时,CO 2(g)和H 2O(l)标准
生成焓分别为-393.5kJ mol-1和-285.8kJ mol-1。

(忽略体积功)
2. AgCl(s)用氨水溶解,习惯上认为当c(Ag(NH3)2+)大于等于1.0×10-2mol·L-1时,即可溶解。

问:需加入NH3·H2O浓度多大。

(已知KӨSP(AgCl)=1.8×10-10,
KӨ不稳(Ag(NH3)2+)=9.0×10-8)。

3.已知银电极的φӨ(Ag+/Ag)=0.799V,难溶盐Ag2CrO4电极的φӨ(Ag2CrO4/Ag)=0.4456V。

(1)将上述两电极组成原电池,写出电池符号,并写出电池正极、负极和电池总反应。

(2)求Ag2CrO4的溶度积KӨsp。

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