英语词义辨析

英语词义辨析1.tone vs tunetone: 1) sound with reference to its quality: the sweet ~ of the violin; the shrill ~ of the factory whistle2) the intonation, phrasing, choice of words etc. of a speaker or writer that expresses a particular meaning, feeling, attitude of him: speak in an angry ~ / in a ~ of contempt / disapproval;3) the rise or fall of the voice in speaking or pronunciation: pay attention to the rising and falling ~s in your pronunciation4) shades of color: a photo in warm ~; the coat is a light ~ of greentune: suggests the succession of note forming a melody (of a song), used often in opposition to the words of a songE.g. He hummed a ~ to keep his courage up.Never shall I forget that haunting ~.2. question vs problemquestion is more general, while problem refers to a question esp. connected with numbers and facts, like problems in addition and subtractionquestion is more general while problem often refers to a serious difficulty that needs attention and thought3. ashamed vs shamefulashamed:You should be ashamed of yourself.He said he felt ashamed of having done so little for the society.shameful:It is shameful that she stole money from the blind man.The correspondent had discovered their shameful treatment of political prisoners.4. collision/clash/crash1) an accident in which two or more people or vehicles hit each other while moving in different directions[+with]: The school bus was involved in a collision with a truck.head-on collision: (=between two vehicles moving directly towards each other.)2) the conflict of opposed ideas, wishes, attitudes, etc.Discrepancies between ideas and collisions between beliefs had to be reconciled and mediated.a collision of interestsCollideTwo trains collided head-on early this morning.The physicists collided the particles.Their views on the matter collided.e.g., Troops clashed near the border. ( if two armies, or groups of people clash, they suddenly start fighting each other.)e.g., Democrats clashed with Republicans in a heated debate. (if two people or groups of peopleclash, they disagree with each other.)e.g., That purple clashes with your red shirt. (if two colors or patterns clash, they are incompatible, offensive to eyes.)e.g., Unfortunately the concert clashes with Ann and Jim’s dinner party. (if two events clash, they happen at the same time in a way that is inconvenient.)e.g., The cymbals clashed. (if two pieces of metal clash or if you clash them, they make a loud ringing sound.)Note: Clash is often used in preference to collision when two or more things come into contact with one another in such a manner that noises of crashing and jangling are more apparent than the destruction or ruin wrought:e.g. the clash of swords in battlee.g., There is a clash between two classes held at 3 p.m. on the same day.cultural/culture clashn. 1) a violent accident involving one or more vehicles: plane/car/train etc. crashe.g., 41 people were killed in a plane crash last week.2) a sudden loud noise made by something falling, breaking etc.Jessica heard the crash of breaking glass behind her.There was a loud crack and the branch came down with a crash.(哗啦声)v. 1) to break into pieces violently and noisily; shatter. (forests crash)2) to force or drive with violence and noise (usually followed by in, through, out, etc.). (Crash through the woods.)3) to cause (an aircraft) to make a landing in an abnormal manner, usually damaging or wrecking the aircraft. (An airliner crashed.)5.Miseducated& uneducatedAn uneducated person is one who has received no formal school education while a miseducated person is one who has received formal education but is educated in a wrong way. Undereducated: not having received adequate educationWell-educated: having had a good education6. Understand, comprehend, appreciate, apprehendTo have a clear or complete idea ofUnderstand: may stress the fact of having attained a mental grasp of something understanding the instructionComprehend: stress the mental process of arriving at a resultAppreciate: imply a just estimation of a thi ng’s value and is often used in reference to what is likely to misjudgedApprehend: understand, especially intuitively7.repress/suppress/oppressRepress/suppressto keep under control, restrain (desires, feelings, actions, tears, etc.)to put into a state of subjugationSuppressto withhold from disclosure or publication (truth, evidence, a book, names, etc.)Oppressto burden with cruel or unjust impositions or restraints8. Authentic/genuineAuthentic/genuine: not counterfeit; realAuthentichaving the origin supported by unquestionable evidence; authenticated; verifiedan authentic document of the Middle Agesreliable; trustworthyan authentic report on poverty in AfricaGenuineproperly so calleda genuine case of smallpoxdescended from the original stock; pure in breeda genuine Celtic peoplefree from pretense, affectation, or hypocrisy; sincerea genuine person9. Scoff/jeer/sneerTo scoff is to express insolent doubt or derision, openly and emphaticallyto scoff at a new invention.To jeer suggests expressing disapproval and scorn more loudly, coarsely, and unintelligently than in scoffingThe crowd jeered when the batter struck out.To sneer is to show by facial expression or tone of voice ill-natured contempt or disparagement He sneered unpleasantly in referring to his opponent's misfortunes.10. Recede VS retreatRecede: vi. to withdraw from a point or limit; become faint or more distantThe tide receded.The unhappy memories of her childhood receded as she grew older.Retreat: vi. to withdraw, retire, or draw back, especially for shelter or seclusionThe army retreated.。