学术英语(社科)_Unit 1
Lead-in
Reading critically: questions for discussion
Reading critically:
Every text is written on a purpose, some are supposed to make you believe. It is important to learn to read critically to get the point. One way of training critical reading is to ask yourself the following questions: What is the author trying to prove?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
How People Make Decisions
Economists’ explanation about decision making: There are rules behind people’s decision-making behaviors.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Does the author adequately defend their argument? What kind of proof do they use? Is there something they leave out that you would put in? Does putting it in hurt their argument?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Example 3: a seat belt law
American laws require seat belts as standard equipment on new cars.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Lead-in
Reading critically: questions for discussion
Discuss the following questions:
How do you make the decision that you take this course?
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Formal and informal English • Signpost language
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Conclusion: As long as the standby passenger pays more than the marginal cost, selling the ticket is profitable.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Critical reading and thinking Economic Activities Rational people think at the margin.
Text A
Example 1: standby tickets What a rational airline can do?
When the price rises: It provides an incentive for buyers to consume less; It provides an incentive for sellers to produce more.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
பைடு நூலகம் Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
marginal cost: 边际成本 the additional cost from an increase in an activity marginal decision-making: 边际决策 the additional cost from an increase in an activity incentive: 激励 something that induces a person to act
marginal change: 边际变化 small incremental adjustments to a plan of action marginal benefit: 边际效益 the additional benefit from an increase in an activity
What is the author assuming I will agree with?
Do you agree with the author?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Lead-in
Reading critically: questions for discussion
How a seat belt law alters a driver’s costbenefit calculation (Peltzman’s analysis): Seat belts reduce the likelihood of injury or death → make accidents less costly → drive faster and less carefully → a large number of accidents
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Example 2: a tax on gasoline How people respond to incentives? Encourage people to □ drive small, more fuel-efficient cars; □ carpool □ take public transportation; □ live closer to where they work; □ drive hybrid cars; □ drive electric cars.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Answer: Yes. Reason: If the plane has empty seat, the cost of adding one more passenger is tiny. Here the marginal cost is merely the cost of something to eat, like peanuts, coco, etc.
学术英语 社科
Academic English for Social Sciences
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Unit Contents
• • • • • •
Lead-in Text A Text B Listening Speaking Writing
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Conclusion: Rational people think at the margin. (They make decisions by comparing costs and benefits.)
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Example 2: water vs. diamond Why is water so cheap, while diamonds are so expensive? water Necessary for survival The marginal benefit of an extra cup is small because water is plentiful. diamond Unnecessary for survival The marginal benefit of an extra diamond is large because diamonds are rare.
What do you consider when you make this decision?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
• Text A – – – – Key terms Critical reading and thinking Difficult sentences English language for academic purpose
学术英语(社科)Unit1-8 Text A译文
学术英语课文翻译Unit1人们如何做出决策理性的人认为在保证金1.经济学家通常假设人是理性的。
理性的人们系统地,有目的地做最好的,他们可以实现他们的目标,考虑到可用的机会。
当你学习经济学,你会遇到公司决定雇佣多少工人,有多少他们的产品生产和销售利润最大化。
你也会遇到那些决定花多少时间工作和买什么商品和服务产生的收入来实现最高水平的满意度。
2.理性的人知道生活中的决策很少是黑白的，但通常是灰色的。
在吃饭的时候，你面对的不是空腹或是像猪一样进食，而是吃额外的一匙土豆泥。
当考试开始时，你的决定不是介于两者之间，而是让他们减少或学习一天24小时，而不是花更多的时间复习笔记而不是看电视。
经济学家用“边际变化”这个术语来描述对现有的行动计划的调整。
请记住，边际意味着“边缘如此边缘的变化是在你正在做的边缘周围的调整”。
理性的人往往通过比较边际收益和边际成本来做出决定。
3.例如，考虑一家航空公司决定向待机乘客收取多少费用。
假设撒德躺在横跨美国的200座飞机上，航空公司损失100,000英镑。
在这种情况下，每个座位的平均成本是1,000美元/ 200美元，这是500美元。
有人可能会得出这样的结论：航空公司不应该售出票价低于500美元的机票。
事实上，一家理性的航空公司通常可以通过考虑利润率来提高利润。
想象一下，一架飞机即将起飞，有10个空座位，候机旅客在门口等候，将支付300美元的座位。
航空公司应该把票卖掉吗？当然应该。
如果飞机有空座位，增加一个乘客的成本很小。
乘飞机的平均成本是S500，边际成本仅仅是额外的乘客将消耗的花生袋和苏打水的成本。
只要备用乘客支付超过边际成本，售票是有利可图的。
4.边际决策有助于解释一些令人费解的经济现象。
这里有一个经典的问题：为什么水这么便宜，而钻石这么贵？人类需要水来生存，而钻石是不必要的；但出于某种原因，人们愿意付出更多的钻石比一杯水。
原因是一个人愿意支付任何好处是基于一个额外单位的好处会产生边际效益。
学术英语(社科)-Unit-1含答案
3 严谨性
4 文档结构
学术写作需要遵循严谨的逻辑和结构，确 保论点的一致性和可信度。
学术论文应具有明确的引言、方法、结果 和讨论等部分，以便读者能够快速理解内 容。
学术写作中常见的错误
1 语法和拼写错误
2 无论证的观点
细心检查语法和拼写，使用拼写检查工具 和语法指南。
确保论点有充分的证据支持，避免主观臆 断。
学术写作能够通过深入 研究和分析解决复杂问 题。
学术写作中的研究方法
1
文献综述
通过查阅文献来调研和了解特定研究领域的进展。
2
实证研究
通过收集和分析实证数据来验证假设和研究问题。
3
案例研究
通过深入研究个别案例来获得对某一现象的深入理解。
学术写作中的关键术语和概念
1 假设
2 方法论
3 变量
学术研究中提出的研究 思路和推测。
3 参考文献不完整
4 表达不清晰
在学术写作中正确引用和参考来源是关键， 避免遗漏引用。
使用清晰明确的语言，避免冗长和模糊的 句子。
学术写作中的关键思维能力
1 批判性思维
2 逻辑推理
3 问题解决
学术写作需要思考问题 的不同角度，评估证据 的有效性。
学术写作需要清晰的逻 辑思维，展示论点的合 理性和连贯性。
学术研究中使用的特定 方法和方法论。
研究中用来衡量和分析 的不同因素。
社科学术写作的有效沟通策略
1 明确目标读者
了解读者的背景和需求，以便有效传达信息。
2 使用简明清晰的语言
避免使用复杂的术语和句子结构，使文本更易于理解。
3 结构化组织
使用清晰的段落结构和逻辑顺序，以便读者能够跟随思路。
学术英语(社科)-Unit1含答案ppt
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
What is the author trying to prove?
What is the author assuming I will agree with?
Do you agree with the author?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Critical reading and thinking
Activities
Example 2: water vs. diamond
Why is water so cheap, while diamonds are so
expensive?
water
Necessary for survival
diamond
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Example 3: a seat belt law
American laws require seat belts as standard equipment on new cars.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
marginal cost: 边际成本 the additional cost from an increase in an activity
外研社学术英语(第二版)综合unit 1
外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 11. 简介《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》是外研社出版的一本学术英语教材。
本教材主要面向学术领域的英语学习者，旨在帮助他们提高英语语言能力，并更好地适应学术英语写作和口语表达的要求。
本文档将介绍《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》的主要内容和特点，并给出一些学习该教材的建议。
2. 内容概述2.1 单元主题《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》的主题是“学术生涯规划”。
通过该单元的学习，学习者将了解到学术研究的重要性以及规划自己的学术生涯的方法。
2.2 内容组织本教材以主题为线索，分为五个单元。
每个单元包含听力、口语、阅读和写作练习等多种学习活动，旨在全面提高学生的学术英语能力。
具体的内容组织如下：•单元一：学术生涯规划•单元二：学术论文写作•单元三：学术会议交流•单元四：学术团队合作•单元五：学术发表与出版每个单元的学习内容都根据学术英语的特点和需求进行设计，帮助学生系统学习学术英语的基本知识和技能。
3. 特点分析3.1 学术英语重点梳理《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》对学术英语的重点进行了梳理。
教材中涵盖了学术写作、学术口语、学术阅读等方面的内容，具体到每个单元中的不同活动。
3.2 综合能力培养本教材通过对听、说、读、写等不同方面的训练，旨在综合培养学生的学术英语能力。
学生不仅可以提高英语水平，还能够逐步习得处理学术领域相关内容的能力。
3.3 案例分析与实践教材中穿插了丰富的学术案例分析和实践活动。
学生可以通过分析真实的学术案例来深入理解学术英语的要求和规范，并通过实践活动来提高自己的学术英语表达能力。
4. 学习建议4.1 认真阅读教材在学习《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》时，要认真阅读教材中的每个单元，理解每个活动的目的和要求。
通过仔细阅读，可以更好地掌握学术英语的相关知识。
4.2 合理安排学习计划由于学术英语的学习需要时间和精力，建议学生合理安排学习计划，将每个单元的学习任务分解到每周或每天，以确保学习效果。
社科英语Unit1翻译
Unit11.经济学家通常假设人是理性的。
理性的人们系统地,有目的地做最好的,他们可以实现他们的目标,考虑到可用的机会。
当你学习经济学,你会遇到公司决定雇佣多少工人,有多少他们的产品生产和销售利润最大化。
你也会遇到那些决定花多少时间工作和买什么商品和服务产生的收入来实现最高水平的满意度。
2.3.理性的人知道,生活中的决定很少是黑白分明的,但,从事实上涉及灰色阴影。
在晚餐时间,决定你,在禁食或吃得像猪,但是否采取额外的'斯波夫,马希尔'博塔托人。
当考试开始,你的决定不是吹他们或学习24小时一天,但是否花额外的一个小时来审查你的笔记,而不是看电视。
经济学家用"边际变化"一词来描述小的内特内塔帕调整到现有的行动计划。
请记住,边距意味着"边缘,所以边缘更改是围绕您正在执行的操作的边缘进行调整。
理性的人经常通过比较边际收益和边际成本来做出决策。
3、例如,考虑航空公司决定向飞行的乘客收取多少费用待机. 假设在美国驾驶一架 200 座的飞机花费航空公司在这种情况下,每个座位的平均费用为100,000美元/200美元,即500美元。
有人可能会得出这样的结论:航空公司绝不应该以较低的的价格出售机票。
500.In美元的事实,一个理性的航空公司往往可以找到办法,通过思考提高利润在边缘。
想象一下,一架飞机即将起飞,有10个空座位,和在登机口等候的候补乘客将支付300美元作为座位。
如果航空公司出售票？当然,它应该。
如果飞机有空座位,则增加一个座位的成本乘客很小。
虽然乘客乘坐飞机的平均费用为500美元,但边际成本只是花生袋和汽水罐的成本,额外的乘客将消耗。
只要候补乘客支付的比边际成本多,卖票是有利可图的。
4、边际决策有助于解释一些否则令人费解的经济现象。
这里有一个经典的问题:为什么水这么便宜,而钻石这么贵？人类需要水才能生存,而钻石是不必要的;出于某种原因,人们愿意为钻石支付比为钻石多得多的费用。
学术英语(社科)-Unit 1含答案
在社会科学中，学术英语的介绍非常重要。了解学术论文的结构、发展研究 问题以及评估来源的质量和相关性等方面的知识。
学术写作简介
学术写作的基础知识，包括学术论文的概念和特点，以及学术写作的目的和 目标。
学术英语的重要性
探索学术英语在社会科学研究中的重要性，以及它对研究成果的质、方法、结果和讨论等部分的内容和组织。
制定研究问题
如何确定并明确一个好的研究问题，以指导社会科学研究的进行。
文献综述的进行
如何进行文献综述以收集和评估相关的学术来源，支持和贡献到社会科学研 究。
使用不同类型的来源
介绍使用不同类型的来源，如书籍、学术期刊和在线数据库，来支持社会科 学研究工作。
评估来源的质量和相关性
如何评估和判断来源的质量和可靠性，以确定引用或参考的价值。
使用APA格式引用来源
学术写作中使用APA格式进行引用和文献目录的编写，遵守学术规范和道德要求。
学术英语(社科)听力原文及翻译
学术英语(社科)听力原文及翻译1. Unit 1Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs. The simplest form of business is called an individual or sole proprietorship. The proprietor(经营者) owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything.For legal purposes, with this kind of business, the owner and the company are the same. This means that the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but also must pay any debts. Another kind of business is the partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls.One kind of partnership is called a limited liability partnership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibilities for the business.Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form partnerships to share their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form a business partnership together.Partnerships exist only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual proprietorships.But corporations are designed to have an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization. Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stock represents shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buystock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business.A company might use some of its earnings to pay dividends(红利) as a reward to shareholders. Or the company might reinvest the money into the business.If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock. But shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the corporation.A corporation is recognized as an entity(实体)——its own legal being, separate from its owners.A board of directors control corporate policies. The directors appoint top company officers. The directors might or might not hold shares in the corporation.If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock.But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. Some nonprofit groups are also organized as corporations.2. Unit 2In the past three week I have introduced you to the ideas and methods of economics.In the next week, we will start learning more, in more detail the principles of economic behavior and economic policy.As you proceed through the whole semester, you will be asked to draw on many of your intellectual skills.在过去的三周里，我向你介绍了经济学的思想和方法。
学术综合英语参考答案unit1
学术综合英语参考答案unit1学术综合英语参考答案Unit 1一、词汇与语法1. 词汇题- (1) 正确答案：A. 显著的- (2) 正确答案：C. 影响- (3) 正确答案：B. 观点- (4) 正确答案：D. 概念- (5) 正确答案：E. 假设2. 语法题- (1) 正确答案：Whoever has the ability can apply for the position.- (2) 正确答案：Despite the heavy rain, they continued their journey.- (3) 正确答案：Not only did he finish his homework but he also helped his sister.- (4) 正确答案：It is the first time that she has visited the museum.- (5) 正确答案：Such is the power of nature that no one can resist it.二、阅读理解1. 阅读A- 问题1：正确答案：The author argues that the importanceof the English language in the global context.- 问题2：正确答案：The spread of English is attributed to the British Empire's colonial expansion and the role of the United States in international affairs.- 问题3：正确答案：English is considered a global language because it is widely used in business, science, technology, and diplomacy.2. 阅读B- 问题1：正确答案：The article discusses the challengesand opportunities of learning a second language.- 问题2：正确答案：Cognitive benefits, improved job prospects, and cultural understanding are mentioned as advantages of bilingualism.- 问题3：正确答案：Language learning can be hindered by factors such as age, motivation, and the learning environment.三、完形填空1. 正确答案：- (1) B. 影响- (2) A. 显著的- (3) D. 观点- (4) C. 概念- (5) E. 假设- (6) F. 假设- (7) G. 观点- (8) H. 影响- (9) I. 显著的- (10) J. 概念四、翻译1. 中译英- 正确答案：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes to our daily lives.2. 英译中- 正确答案：全球化不仅促进了国际贸易，也增进了不同文化之间的理解和尊重。
学术英语(社科)_Unit1含答案ppt
Lead-in
Reading critically: questions for discussion
Does the author adequately defend their argument?
What kind of proof do they use?
Is there something they leave out that you would put in?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
rational people: 理性人 Those people who systematically and purposefully do the best they can to achieve their objectives, given the available opportunities.
• Text A – Key terms
– Critical reading and thinking
– Difficult sentences
– English language for
academic purpose
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Formal and informal English • Signpost language
Economists’ explanation about decision making: There are rules behind people’s decision-making behaviors.
学术英语课后答案 unit1
学术英语理工教师手册Unit 1 Choosing a TopicI Teaching ObjectivesIn this unit , you will learn how to:1.choose a particular topic for your research2.formulate a research question3.write a working title for your research essay4.enhance your language skills related with reading and listening materials presented in this unit II. Teaching Procedures1.Deciding on a topicTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 No, because they all seem like a subject rather than a topic, a subject which cannot be addressed even by a whole book, let alone by a1500-wordessay.2Each of them can be broken down into various and more specific aspects. For example, cancer can be classified into breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and so on. Breast cancer can have such specific topics for research as causes for breast cancer, effects of breast cancer and prevention or diagnosis of breast cancer.3 Actually the topics of each field are endless. Take breast cancer for example, we can have the topics like:Why Women Suffer from Breast Cancer More Than Men?A New Way to Find Breast TumorsSome Risks of Getting Breast Cancer in Daily LifeBreast Cancer and Its Direct Biological ImpactBreast Cancer—the Symptoms & DiagnosisBreastfeeding and Breast CancerTask 31 Text 1 illustrates how hackers or unauthorized users use one way or another to get inside a computer, while Text2 describes the various electronic threats a computer may face.2 Both focus on the vulnerability of a computer.3 Text 1 analyzes the ways of computer hackers, while Text 2 describes security problems of a computer.4 Text 1: The way hackers “get inside” a computerText 2: Electronic threats a computer facesYes, I think they are interesting, important, manageable and adequate.Task 41Lecture1:Ten Commandments of Computer EthicsLecture 2:How to Deal with Computer HackersLecture 3:How I Begin to Develop Computer Applications2Answersmay vary.Task 5Answers may vary.2 Formulating a research questionTask 1Text 3Research question 1: How many types of cloud services are there and what are they? Research question 2: What is green computing?Research question 3: What are advantages of the cloud computing?Text 4Research question 1: What is the Web 3.0?Research question 2: What are advantages and disadvantages of the cloud computing? Research question 3: What security benefits can the cloud computing provide?Task 22 Topic2: Threats of Artificial IntelligenceResearch questions:1) What are the threats of artificial intelligence?2) How can human beings control those threats?3) What are the difficulties to control those threats?3 Topic3: The Potentials of NanotechnologyResearch questions:1) What are its potentials in medicine?2) What are its potentials in space exploration?3) What are its potentials in communications?4 Topic4: Global Warming and Its EffectsResearch questions:1) How does it affect the pattern of climates?2) How does it affect economic activities?3) How does it affect human behavior?Task 3Answers may vary.3 Writing a working titleTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 Lecture 4 is about the security problems of cloud computing, while Lecture 5 is about the definition and nature of cloud computing, hence it is more elementary than Lecture 4.2 The four all focus on cloud computing. Although Lecture 4 and Text 4 address the same topic, the former is less optimistic while the latter has more confidence in the security of cloud computing. Text3 illustrates the various advantages of cloud computing.3 Lecture 4: Cloud Computing SecurityLecture 5: What Is Cloud Computing?Task 3Answers may vary.4 Enhancing your academic languageReading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from（从……到）arise from some misunderstandings（来自于对……误解）leaves a lot of problems unsolved（留下很多问题没有得到解决）opens a path for（打开了通道）requires a different frame of mind（需要有新的思想）4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。