北京工业大学研究生英语Research proposal
英文research proposal
英文research proposal一、研究题目研究题目应该能够简洁明了地表达研究的目的和内容。
应该避免使用太过晦涩的名词或术语，以免读者难以理解。
二、研究背景在这一部分，需要提出研究的背景情况，包括相关领域已有的研究成果、问题和未解决的难点。
也可以简要说明自己选择这一课题的原因。
三、研究目的在这一部分，需要清晰地表达出自己这次研究的目的是什么，以及想要解决的问题是什么。
也可以阐述一下自己希望通过这次研究能够取得的成果和对学术界或者实际应用的意义。
四、研究内容和方法研究内容和方法是整个研究计划中最为重要的一部分。
在这一部分，需要清晰地阐述自己的研究将要进行的具体内容，以及采用的研究方法。
这一部分需要做到既全面、详细地描述研究过程中的每一个步骤，又尽量简洁明了，以便读者能够迅速理解。
五、研究预期结果在这一部分，可以预先设想一下自己这次研究可能得出的结论和结果。
也可以说明一下如果研究取得了预期的成果，对学术研究或者实际应用将会有怎样的帮助。
六、研究进度安排在这一部分，需要列出自己的研究进度安排，包括每个阶段具体需要做的工作内容、预计需要的时间，在研究过程中可能遇到的困难和问题以及相应的解决办法。
七、参考文献研究过程中所使用的参考文献应当列举清楚，并且按照一定的格式规范进行标注，以便审阅者查阅参考。
以上便是一份较为完整的英文research proposal的写作要点。
编写一份高质量的research proposal需要作者全面理解自己的研究内容，并清晰地向读者传达出来。
也需要遵循一定的格式规范，以便读者能够迅速理解并审阅。
希望以上内容对您有所帮助。
研究背景在研究背景部分，我将进一步详细介绍所选择的研究领域和当前的研究状况。
我们知道，现代社会信息爆炸，大数据时代已经到来。
在这个背景下，信息检索和数据挖掘变得尤为重要。
随着人工智能和机器学习等技术的飞速发展，自然语言处理也逐渐成为了研究的热点之一。
然而，当前自然语言处理领域依然存在着许多挑战和问题，比如语义理解、语言生成等方面的困难。
researchproposal模板
researchproposal模板Research Proposal1.Applicant’s nameLIU Jia2.Title of proposed research projectMicro Film Creation Art Theory——Taking original micro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" as an example3.Summary of researchIn the condition of promoting the media integration, the creation of micro film and audience psychology are worthy of the hot content of research. In the reseach,I am using data analysis method and the investigation method, selected from the original micro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" as the main object of discussion,through the micro film creation in narrative art and technique of expression to influence the audience's aesthetic.4.IntroductionMicro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" has been the national college students innovation and entrepreneurship program funded, in many of the predecessors and colleagues to participate in support to complete.5.Objectives and hypotheses to be testedIn the media convergence from the perspective of micro film creation should pay attention to narrative elements and technique of expression, the micro film creation into inspiring positive narrative elements can make the audience's psychological condition in a certain extent to improve a lot.6.Literature reviewOn film studies courses, students are asked to treat as objects of study the same films which they may more commonlyexperience as entertainment. To explore the role of academic writing in this, an action research project was carried out on a university film studies course using a systemic functional linguistics approach.A taxonomic film analysis was analysed drawing on the work of Halliday and Mathiessen (2004), Martin (1992) and Lemke, (1985, 1990 ), focussing on three aspects: the genre acts performed in the process of analysing film; the conceptual fr ameworks of film studies knowledge, or ‘thematic formations’ (Lemke, 1993) drawn on and re-constituted in the assignment; the particular ways that language is used to perform these acts and build these thematic formations. For EAP to be relevant to film students, it is proposed that EAP specialists need to engage with these three aspects of film study. This application of SFL in film studies EAP is intended as an illustration of how SFL tools can be used for relevant EAP provision across the HE curriculum.In Britain, film studies came on the agenda in the 1970s, when it served as a terrain for the formulation of a critical understanding of how cinema functioned within the broader context of industrial capitalism and the nexus between that and the reshaping of people's habits and lives. However, during that decade, a different agenda was also at work, which, from the early 1980s, began to receive support from neo-liberal 'free-market' ideologues. Over a period of 30 years, the overall direction of the inquiry into cinema, now firmly sealed into institutional networks, has become such that the critical language of 'film theory' has been hollowed out and the industrial agenda of British national television and cinema wrapped around it. Today, with the opening of film studies departments across Asia, the question is not whether outsideBritain the language of film studies will became available for instrumentalization by the forces of an expanding Euro-American capital, but how it will do so. Valentina Vitali argues that the recovery of film from the bureaucratization of its study and its rediscovery as one of the modalities of modernization require both a framework of analysis that is fully conscious of its own historicity and critical role, and a new topography of cinema.In France，Philippe Gauthier have a paper is a comparative study of the impact on French film studies of the emergence of television and digital technologies. The goal of the comparison between what the author calls the ‘television revolution’ –a period in which film theorists became aware of the impact of television on the study of cinema –and the now well-known ‘digital revolution’ is to observe the recurrence of specific phenomena in the history of film studies in France. The author argues that during both the television and digital revolutions there appears to be a desire to compare cinema with other media while at the same time asserting its specificity. The impact of the television and digital revolutions on film studies in France is thus two-fold: (1) the broadening of the discipline's boundaries to include other media and other research methods; (2) the redefinition of cinema based on a singular definition of the medium.In film studies, the Auteur Theory is mainly employed to explore film directors’ signature styles in creating their mastery artifacts. Individual style of a director in filmmaking is based on his/her preferences; genre, theme, mise-en-scéne, cinematography or even casts line-up. Disciplinary indiscipline characterizes the post-industrial, post-modern, post-disciplinary intellectual environment. The certainties offered by normativetheories are lost in a post-disciplinary virtual world that appears to be no longer fully grounded on modernist assumptions or even material reality. It has become common practice to meld many different and sometimes incompatible academic approaches in order to pander to students’ preferences. Contemporary approaches now especial ly mimic Karl Marx’s phase ‘all that is solid melts into air’, as many un-, ill- and in-disciplined post-disciplinary disciples shield students from knowing about disciplinary epistemologies, disciplinary histories and the paradigmatic evolution of film theories across different periods, contexts and conditions.Keyan G Tomaselli critically examines some of these issues by applying the framework of langue (structure) and parole (accent) to make sense of film studies in a post-disciplinary media world dominated by economic implosion.7.Materials and methodsIn the reseach,I am using data analysis method and the investigation method, selected from the original micro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" as the main object of discussion.The research of the conclusion after the analysis of the writing style, and the audience survey response.8.Anticipated outcome and value of the researchAccording to the creation, filming, dissemination and reflection of the micro film, the psychological status of the audience can be improved if the active elements of the film creation can be improved.9.References[1]James P. Donohue. Using systemic functional linguistics in academic writing development: An example from film studies[J]. Journal of English for Academic Purposes,2012,111:.[2]Philippe Gauthier. Recurrent phenomena in French film studies: from television to digital media[J]. New Review of Film and Television Studies,2014,123:.[3]Valentina Vitali. Why study cinema? Serial visions of the culture industry and the future of film studies[J]. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies,2005,62:.[4]Nurul Ezzati Aisya Mohd Zaki,Che Su Mustaffa,Noer Doddy Irmawati. Visualizing Islamic Law and Values in Semerah Padi (1956): P. Ramlee as Cinematographic Auteur[J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,2014,155:.[5]Keyan G T omaselli. (Un-)Disciplined indiscipline. The langue and parole of film studies in a post-disciplinary world[J]. South African Theatre Journal,2015,282:.。
干货ResearchProposal写作方法
干货ResearchProposal写作方法Research Proposal（简称RP）也就是指研究报告或者开题报告，一般作为论文或者研究开始前的计划和纲要，比如毕业论文开题报告、申请博士的研究计划、国家基金类研究申报报告等。
RP的内容通常为：你打算完成什么（what），为什么你要做这件事（why），以及你打算怎样去完成它（how）。
主要包括标题（Title）、摘要 (Abstract)、引言(Introduction)、文献综述(Literature Review)、方法(Methods)、结果(Result)、讨论(Discussion)七部分。
整体字数看学校要求，一般1500-2000.下面我们详细分析Research Proposal写作方法。
1.标题（Title）简明扼要，内容翔实又吸引人PS：其实和中文论文写作差不多，题目不要泛而空，尽量缩小话题范围，这样内容更有针对性。
题目要能体现你的研究对象和创新性，至少能勾起阅读全文的兴趣！2.摘要（Abstract）300字左右的简要归纳。
它应该包括研究问题，研究的理论基础，假说（如有的话），研究方法以及主要发现。
PS：重中之重，实际就是将RP再浓缩一次。
Title+ Abstract就一锤定生死了，剩下部分基本就是abstract的拓展了。
对于建筑类相关专业，empirical study(案例研究/场地调研/问卷访谈等等)非常重要，如果连实地都没有去过，何来一手的资料，一手的结论呢？此处会涉及到original contribution（原创贡献），你的原创性/你对这一议题的贡献值有多少。
所以摘要的实质也是一种游说/推销，推销你的研究意义所在。
3.引言（Introduction）主要目的是为你的研究问题提供必要的背景。
通常包含以下内容：某描述研究问题/目的；某为你的研究问题提供背景，设定其范围，以体现出它的必要性和重要性；某理论依据，要清楚的指出为什么该研究是值得去做的；某简要描述该研究要解决的主要及次要问题；某明确说明你想要研究的现象；某阐述你的假说或理论（如有的话）；某设定你研究计划的局限或边界，以提供一个清晰的研究重点；某给关键概念下定义（此项为可选）PS:不多说，基本就是介绍一下研究背景，为什么你的研究内容很有意义或必要性。
英文research proposal 标题
英文research proposal 标题The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Future of HealthcareArtificial intelligence (AI) has been revolutionizing various industries, and the healthcare sector is no exception. As the world grapples with an aging population, rising healthcare costs, and the need for more efficient and personalized care, AI has emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges. This research proposal aims to explore the potential impact of AI on the future of healthcare, focusing on its applications, the benefits it can offer, and the ethical considerations that must be addressed.The rapid advancements in AI, including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, have already begun to transform the healthcare landscape. AI-powered technologies can assist healthcare professionals in various tasks, from disease diagnosis and drug development to patient monitoring and decision-making support. By leveraging large datasets, AI algorithms can identify patterns, detect anomalies, and make predictions with a level of accuracy and speed that surpasses human capabilities.One of the key areas where AI is expected to have a significant impact is in disease diagnosis and treatment. AI-based systems can analyze medical images, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, with greater precision and speed than human experts, leading to earlier detection of diseases and more accurate diagnoses. This can lead to more timely interventions, improved patient outcomes, and reduced healthcare costs. Moreover, AI can assist in the development of personalized treatment plans by analyzing an individual's genetic and medical data to tailor therapies to their specific needs.Another promising application of AI in healthcare is in the field of drug discovery and development. The process of developing new drugs is costly, time-consuming, and often has a high failure rate. AI-powered tools can accelerate this process by identifying promising drug candidates, streamlining clinical trials, and predicting drug interactions and side effects. This can lead to the development of more effective and safer medications, ultimately improving patient care and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.Furthermore, AI can play a crucial role in improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs by enhancing patient monitoring and care coordination. AI-powered wearable devices and remote monitoring systems can continuously gather and analyze patient data, alerting healthcare providers to potential health issuesor medication non-compliance. This can enable early intervention, prevent complications, and reduce hospital readmissions, leading to better patient outcomes and more efficient utilization of healthcare resources.While the potential benefits of AI in healthcare are significant, it is essential to address the ethical considerations and challenges that arise with the implementation of this technology. Issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for transparency and accountability in AI-based decision-making must be carefully navigated. Researchers and healthcare providers must work collaboratively to ensure that the development and deployment of AI technologies in healthcare are aligned with ethical principles and respect the rights and well-being of patients.Additionally, the integration of AI into healthcare will have implications for the workforce, as certain tasks and roles may be automated or transformed. It is crucial to consider the impact on healthcare professionals, such as radiologists, pathologists, and nurses, and develop strategies to retrain and upskill the workforce to adapt to the changing landscape.In conclusion, the impact of AI on the future of healthcare is poised to be profound. By leveraging the power of AI, the healthcare sector can improve disease diagnosis, accelerate drug discovery, enhancepatient monitoring and care coordination, and ultimately deliver more personalized and effective healthcare solutions. However, the successful integration of AI into healthcare will require a multifaceted approach that addresses the technical, ethical, and workforce-related challenges. This research proposal aims to contribute to the understanding of the impact of AI on healthcare and provide insights that can guide the responsible and effective implementation of this transformative technology.。
Research Proposal经典建议
Research Proposal MeansMost students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one’s research is only as a good as one’s proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher.大多数学生和早期研究者并不完全清楚一个研究计划意味着,他们也不明白它的重要性。
坦率地说,一个人的研究只是作为一个良好的提议之一。
一个考虑不周的提案注定了整个项目,即使它勉强通过了论文答辩委员会。
一个高质量的提案,另一方面,不仅确保了研究项目的成功,但也打动你的论文委员会你作为一个研究者的潜力。
A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study.一个研究计划的目的是说服别人,你有一个有价值的研究项目,并且有能力和工作计划完成它。
research proposal范文
research proposal范文The Impact of Social Networking Platforms on User Satisfaction: A StudyResearch ProposalAbstractThis research proposal seeks to investigate the impact of social networking platforms on user satisfaction. In the last decade, social networking platforms have become increasingly popular in the everyday lives of people around the world. However, not much is known about how these platforms affect user satisfaction and how different forms of communication within these platforms impact user behavior. To address this gap, we propose a study of the impact of social networking platforms on user satisfaction in order to better understand the relationship between these platforms and user satisfaction.BackgroundIn the last decade, social networking platforms have become an integral part of our lives. They allow users to connect with their friends, share updates and photos, and stay in touch with each other. With the success of these platforms, a great deal of research has been conducted in order to better understand how they impact user behavior. Although much of this research has focused on the impacts of social media on user engagement and brand value, little to no research has been conducted in regards to the impact ofthese platforms on user satisfaction. This is an important area of study, as user satisfaction is a key factor in determining whether a platform is successful or not.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this research proposal is to examine the impact of social networking platforms on user satisfaction. Within this, we will be looking at how different features and forms of communication on social networking platforms affect user satisfaction. In addition, we will be exploring the factors that contribute to user satisfaction and dissatisfaction.MethodologyThe proposed research will take a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews and focus groups to explore the impact of social networking platforms on user satisfaction. Interviews will be conducted with people from a range of age groups and backgrounds. Focus groups will be conducted with users of various popular social networking platforms. The data obtained from these interviews and focus groups will be analyzed using thematic analysis.Expected OutcomesIt is expected that this research will provide us with a better understanding of how social networking platforms impact user satisfaction. Specifically, the research will provide an insight into the different forms of communication that contribute to user satisfaction, as well as the factors that lead to user dissatisfaction. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide useful insights into the design and usage of social networking platforms.References1. Bagozzi, R.P., Dholakia, U., Jain, A., Garg, S.K., Hedström, U., Normark, M. and Åkerman, M. (2015). The Role of Intimacy in User Satisfaction and Engagement With Social Network Sites. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1411-1414).2. Stephen, A.T., Tsiotsou, R. and Gounaris, S. (2012). Social Media: Marketing Public Relations Strategies. Business Horizons, 55(3), pp.257-264.3. Rice, E. and Campbell, A. (2009). The Relational Dialectics of Networked Individualism on Facebook. In Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 1-10).。
一份漂亮的Research Proposal给你的申请加分
一份漂亮的Research Proposal给你的申请加分Research Proposal是什么？在申请研究型硕士或PhD时，有学校会要求提交一份ResearchProposal，也就是你的选题报告，或者叫研究计划。
RP是衡量申请者的专业知识、研究能力和写作水平的文书，对录取来说也是一份核心的文书材料。
写好一份研究计划，是开展研究和撰写论文的第一步。
RP需要写什么？RP有基本的写作架构，可以参考以下的结构，按照自己的研究主题来稍作调整。
Title Page 封面页写标题和作者。
Abstract摘要大约200字，这部分把研究主题、目标和研究方法简要概括。
Table of Contents 目录Introduction 介绍这部分可以陈述你的研究背景、研究问题、研究的目的和意义。
Background(Literature Review)研究背景这部分也可以作为文献综述部分，提出你的研究问题，回顾以往的研究来进行评论和分析。
因此你需要阅读相关主题的文献，通过搜索、阅读、分析文献，对以往的研究进行整理和分析。
这需要你有一定的检索能力，并阅读一定数量的论文和书籍，才能总结归纳写成文献综述，是耗时比较长的一部分。
Mainbody(Hypothesis, Methodology, Research Design)RP的主体部分可以阐述你的研究假设、采用的研究方法，或者是实验的步骤、实验结果的分析方法、处理数据的方法。
所提出的研究方法需要有理有据，而且是可行的。
Time Table 研究日程表这部分可以列出你进行研究的每个阶段，从准备、设计、修改、实施到后期写作阶段的步骤和时间，时间不需要太精准，只需要把大致的时间安排写下就好。
List of References参考文献列表引用的格式需要根据你的科目和学校的要求而定，可以参考APA、HARVAR、MLA的格式。
RP的重点是什么？需要提出一个清晰明确的研究问题和方法，你需要解决什么问题;需要有合理的研究设计，你要用什么研究方法去解决这个问题。
research-proposal范文.doc
Research proposal1. Title ：Cormac McCarthy’s The Road and American Modern EschatologyOr Modern Eschatology of the 21 st century America in Cormac McCarthy The Road’s2. Introduction：1).about the author:a.Most Important achievements about Cormac McCarthy:Cormac McCarthy is an American novelist and playwright, who was once described as “ t best unknown novelist in America ”So. far McCarthy has written ten novels, one publishedfive-act play, and one filmed screenplay, among which, novels are considered his mostconspicuous literary achievements.On May 5th, 2009, Cormac McCarthy has won the biennial PEN/Saul Bellow award forlifetime achievement in American literature, for "a distinguished living American author of fictionwhose body of work in English possesses qualities of excellence, ambition, and scale ofachievement over a sustained career which places him or her in the highest rank of Americanliterature".He received the Pulitzer Prize in 2007 for The Road, and his 2005 novel No Country for OldMen was adapted as a 2007 film of the same name, which won four Academy Awards, includingBest Picture. He received a National Book Award in 1992 for All the Pretty Horses.His earlier Blood Meridian (1985) was among Time Magazine's poll of 100 bestEnglish-language books published between 1925 and 2005 and he placed joint runner-up for asimilar title in a poll taken in 2006 by The New York Times of the best American fiction publishedin the last 25 years. Literary critic Harold Bloom named him as one of the four major Americannovelists of his time, along with Thomas Pynchon, Don DeLillo and Philip Roth. He is frequentlycompared by modern reviewers to William Faulkner.2. Proposed researched topicCormac McCarthy ’ s The Road and American Modern EschatologyOr Modern Eschatology of the 21 st century America in Cormac McCarthy The Road’s3. Literature review:As Cormac McCarthy is a newly-rising writer, we can not see so many tremendous academicstudies of him as of other classical writers.1)In USA, Cormac M cCarthy didn ’receivet critical attention until the 1990s.So far the Americancritics and postgraduates have conducted studies of him in the following aspects with a fewachievements. In spite of his numerous awards and prizes, McCarthy is frequently consideredas the successor of William Faulkner; however, with the popularity of No Country for Old Menand the great success of The Road, more mainstream critics and media keep an eye on thisunknown famous writer.a.Monologues, dialogues, sentence structures inspire scholars to explore autotextuality inMcCarthy ’ s works. Christine Chollier brings forward the idea that the writer is a master in bindingand interweaving different voices together to generate and enhance an impression of reality. It isthe writer talent’s in picking and arranging words that renders his works an organic unity rarelyfound in other western novels.Another thing that keeps attracting scholar ’ s attention is protagonists ’ dreams, which, T. Arnold thinks, represent McCarthy ’ s “ unique way of sharing world experience with readersOther themes, like wars, ethics, and modern technology, have all become the focuses of study.Some scholars ponder over another important theme in McCarthy ’works: human-naturerelations. George Guillemin raises the idea that the writer is advocating a biocentric concept in allhis books, which runs in contrast to the anthropocentric stance many western novels have assumedbefore. Guillemin points out that people ’ s hope to get closer to nat u inedrehasbybeenmodern civilization. Barcley Owens, too, expresses the same concern over human’ sattitudes towardsnature and argues eloquently that McCarthy reveals his worry through the depiction of wildernessin his Border Trilogy.In The Lay of the Land in Cormac McCarthy s’Appalachia , K. Wesley Berry shows hisinterest in examining the geological changes in McCarthy ’ s Appalachia. A lot of data are broughtin for a conclusion that human ’ s activities have already caused damages to natural environment,and if not stopped, will continue to harm the planet people are living on. In another essay by SaraSpurgeon, the idea that nature deserves to be explored and used by human is totally underminedthrough a closer examination of the message McCarthy tries to pass on to us in his works. TheWorld on Fire deals with the same topic, but in a different way. Jacqueline Scoones findsMcCarthy ’ s interest in portraying products of modern civilization and putting them in a setting ofnature. Scoones insists that McCarthy intends to generate an odd contrast between civilization andnature, and to arouse a spontaneous hatred against people ’ s invasion into nature.Researchers also notice the animal images in his works. Major analysis include GeorgeGuillemin ’Somes Site Where Life had not Succeeded, in which he mentions that John Grady ’ sattitude changes toward horses represent the wakening of his goodwill to nature. Western Myths inAll the Pretty Horses and The Crossing by Barcley Owens explicitly affirms wolves as a“ spokesmanof”nature. And everything people could see from the animal and its relations withhuman may serve as the evidence that McCarthy hopes for a harmonious coexistence betweenhuman and nature.2)Cormac McCarthy’ s works are still far from familiar to Chinas literary circle.’From the data from CNKI, it is clear that Cormac McCarthy has gained Chinese Critics’attention only in recent years, especially after the release of the movie No country for Old Men. Before 2007, there are only two essays on Cormac McCarthy, while since 2007, 5 essays and 5 graduate theses have chosen this writer and his works, two of which are based on The Road. However, those two just introduce the plots of the novel and some relevant information.3. The Main Argument (and three sub-arguments):This thesis will be carried out through the perspective of Modern Eschatology, especiallyin the views of the end days appeared after 911.1.The destruction of the world in the novel and its metaphorical truth2.The final judgments administered by the writer in the fictitious world and the crytic trialto the human civilization3. The Post-Doomsday Vista portrayed in The Road and the suggested attitude of the writer to the human future.4.Purpose and Significance of Study:First, this thesis introduces Cormac McCarthy into China, who claims certain fame in theUSA but is little known in China. Surely, McCarthy will get his familiarity and fame in China gradually in which this thesis will play an incentive role.Second, social sciences see great initiation with the development of the modern nature sciences. The melting trend of different branches of sciences becomes more and more conspicuous. Many critics tend to analyze literary works from the point of philosophy, psychology, sociology, aesthetics, anthropology, etc. This thesis offers an example of such a trend.Third, this thesis claims its enlightening function. It presents us a new angle of view intothe contemporary American culture after the 911 effect.5. A Detailed Sentence Outline:IntroductionThe part includes an introduction to Cormac McCarthy and The Road and literature reviews of existing findings. The origins, development and main thoughts of eschatology will be introduced as an important term for the thesis. Aside from those, a special attention will be given to how the 911 event effects the American culture and American literature.Chapter One the violent destruction of the world in The Road1.1 The ruins on the American Land1.2 The wasteland of the human spiritThis part will analyze the destruction of the world in the novel and its metaphorical truth.Chapter Two the final judgment of the righteous and the wicked in The Road2.1 The bad guys on the road2.2 The good guys on the roadThis part will discuss the final judgments administered by the writer in the fictitious worldand the crytic trial to the human civilizationChapter Three: the Post-Doomsday Vista in The Road3.1 The allegoric meaning of the journey3.2 The symbolic image of the sonThe Post-Doomsday Vista portrayed in The Road and the suggested attitude of the writer to the human future will be presented in the third chapter.ConclusionThe total destruction presents readers the picture in the end of the world, but also deprives them of the endless horror about the uncertain future. In the end is the beginning. The author proclaims the resurrection for modern humans. What matters in the novel is the great humanity of the individual.1)On Literature and TheoryWolfreys, J. Introducing Criticism at the 21st Century [M].Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2002.Brooks, Cl. & Warren, R.P. Understanding Fiction [M].外语教学与研究出版社，2004. Bradbury, Malcolm. The Modern American Novel [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction [M]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983.Pizer, Donald, (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to American Realism and Naturalism [M].New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995Zhu, Gang.20th Century Western Literary Theories[M],上海外语教育出版，2001。
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Research Proposa lGroup 8(I) Proposed TitleCultural Differences between China and Western Countries(II) IntroductionAs we all know, the lack of comprehension of different cultures will contribute to lots of misunderstanding and rejection when we contact persons from other cultures. But promising is the cross-cultural communication between western countries and China when we make an attempt to learn more details of those different cultures.Many reasons can illustrate this phenomenon. It is taken for granted to acknowledge that the difference of the two countries’ history, which China is a typical oriental country with a history of five thousand years, while western countries involving all aspects of life exists for only several hundred years, is undoubtedly one of the significant causes. In addition, there are a number of reasons, such as geographical location, the process of development, the economic strength, the country's education and so on.The cultural differences between western countries and China have many manifestations that can be easily expressed in the form of behaviors, attitudes and values. I would like to list some examples. Firstly, Chinese always advocating etiquette, filial piety and self-responsibility because it is deeply influenced by Confucian ethics thought. Unlike China, the culture of western countries is under the impact of Christian thought, which lead them focusing on pursuing personal freedom, equality and independence. Secondly, there are significant differences on the marriage concept between Western countries and China. Compared with the lower divorce rate of China, that of western countries is remarkably high. What's more, we can take the tableware for example that traditionally Chinese use chopsticks and Europeans use forks and knifes.(III) Brief Literature ReviewScholars have never been able to agree on a simple definition of culture. Culture can be viewed as consisting of everything that is human made (Herskovits, 1955);collective programming of the mind which distinguishes members of one human group from another (Hofstede,1980); a set of shared and enduring meanings values, and beliefs that characterize national, ethnic, or other groups and orient their behavior (Faure & Rubin，2001). Thus, we can say that culture can include language, arts, morals, beliefs, customs and even everything in our life. We can define culture as "a set of learned and enduring values, beliefs, knowledge, standards, laws andbehaviors shared by a group of members and determines how the member acts, feels and views oneself and others”. Culture directs people's judgment and opinion, and the standards for what is right or wrong. And very often, the people of a certain culture tend to act according to values, beliefs, customs and standards provided by their culture. So, to have a good understanding of your business partner’s culture can help predict your business partner's behavior and develop sound strategies for deal-makings and negotiations.Regardless of the differences in the definitions of culture mentioned above there are some common characteristic of culture: the culture is learned, shared, transgenerational, symbolic and adaptive. Examining these characteristic will help us better understand the concept of culture and enable us to find out how these characteristics influence cross cultural communication.(IV) MethodologyIn order to test the hypothesis of the study and examine the main questions raised, the following methodology will be employed.Participant ObservationParticipant observation with a group of foreigners will be carried out. The aim is to collect more qualitative information about their life style and behavior. Through cautious participation and observation of the foreigners’ daily and routine activities, I hope to find out how their life styles have been influenced by environmental factors. I propose to associate myself with the foreigners through the help of the district outreaching social work team. I will ask them to introduce me to their clients and rely on a “snowball effect” to approach more subjects. This means making friends with one or more foreigners and then asking him/her to introduce their friends to me. Individual InterviewsIndividual interviews by a way of structured questionnaire will also be used to collect information about the cultural differences between China and western countries. The interview is especially important for examining questions. I will also attempt to interview foreigners in many careers from the following aspects: food and tableware culture, etiquette culture, wedding differences, education culture and so on. Analysis of Official/Unofficial StatisticIn order to gain a fuller picture of the cultural differences between China and western countries, a comprehensive analysis of the official statistics will also be undertaken. Besides official data, other sources of statistical data produced by agencies will also be used. I will pay especial attention to information about cultural differences between China and western countries.(V) Proposed Research Time-TableSept 16—Sept 23, 2015:- Literature review- Official contact with the outreaching social work team- Design the questionnaires-Collection of official and unofficial statisticSept 24—Oct 10, 2015:- Field work- Participant observation with the foreigners- Interview the foreign students in BJUT from different countries- Write the thesis(VI) References1. Melville Jean Herskovits. Cultural Anthropology [M].New York,19952.Fang, F.Contrastive studies of Chinese and American values orientations in international communication [J]. 2005.3.Pearsall J. The New Oxford English Dictionary [M]. Oxford University Press, 2001:908.4.Maili Lei. Cultural Similarities and Differences between English Idioms and Chinese Ones[J].US-China Foreign Language,2006,4(7).5.Bassnett, Susan&Andre Lefevere. Constructive Cultures-Essays on Literary Translation[C].Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001:136-139.。