语言学常用术语英汉对照表
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版

语言学术语(英-汉对照)表Aabbreviation 缩写词,略语ablative 夺格,离格accent 重音(符)accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthropologicallinguistics 人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系)appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音attributive 属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论blade 舌叶舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的使投动词center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句从句click 吸气音咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码信码cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning,CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致(关系)concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command 成分指令constituent proposition 成分命题constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义conventionality 常规性规约性conversational implicature会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle, CP 合作原则coordinate construction 并列结构coordination 并列coreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数(名词)counterfactual proposition反事实命题couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性Creole 克里澳尔语混和语cross-cultural communication跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇话语discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation 语篇理解discrete 分离的离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化(作用)distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域dorsal 舌背音舌中音dorsum 舌背(音)double comparative 双重比较drill-and-practice software操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略(法)elliptical sentencestructure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction 外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimentalpsycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction,EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasoldfeasibility 可行性feature 特征feedback 反馈felicity condition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar 有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学flap 闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性floppy disk 软盘focus 焦点中心folk etymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话foreign language teaching 外语教学form 形式formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化formation 形成formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想free morpheme 自由语素free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体free verse 自由韵文French 法语frequency effect 频率效应fricative (摩)擦音friction 摩擦front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high qualitytranslation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译function word 功能词function 功能functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentenceperspective, FSP 功能句子观functions of language 语言功能fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的Ggender difference 性别差异general linguistics 普通语言学generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格genre 体裁语类German 德语given (information) 已给信息global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配grammatical analysis 语法分析grammaticalfunction ; ;grammatical structure 语法结构gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammaticalorganization 语法组成grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern,GSP 语法句形grammatical structure 语法结构grammatical subject 语法主语grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词graphitic form 文字形式Gricean maxim Grice准则group 词组guttural 腭音Hhalf-rhyme 半韵hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter 七音步诗行hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy 等级体系high 高(元音)historical linguistics 历史语言学holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音/形异议词Hopi Hopi语horizontal relation 链状关系Horn scale 霍恩阶human cognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言human speech 人类言语human translation 人译hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎Iiamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功能identifying 认同的idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含implication 蕴涵含义implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的,无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折(变化)inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis (语法)天赋假设input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分intensive 强调的增强的interactional (function) 交互功能interdental 齿间音interface 界面interference 干扰interjection 感叹词interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语interlingual approach 语际法interlocutor 会话者internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phoneticalphabet, IPA 国际音标internet 互联网interpersonal 人际的interpersonal function 人际功能interpretation 解释interrogative sentence 疑问句intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系intransitive 不及物的intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词invention 新创词语inversion 倒置,倒装IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号irony 讽刺反话isolated opposition 孤立对立Italian 意大利语JJapanese 日语jargon 黑话行语Jesperson,OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones,DanielKkernel sentence 核心句keyword关键词knowledge 知识known information 已知信息KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel 标示标记labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材language learning 语言学习language maintenance 语言维护language processing 语言处理language structure 语言结构language system 语言系统language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用langue 语言(系统)larynx 喉头lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法lax vowel 松元音length 长度音长letter 字母level 层,级,平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme 词位词素lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义lexical change 词汇变化lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义lexical morphology 词汇形态学lexical studies 词汇研究lexical word 词汇词lexicogrammar 词汇语法lexicon 词汇词典lexis 词liaison 连音连续limerick 打油诗line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学linear structure 线形结构linguistic university 语言普遍性linguistic behaviour 语言行为linguistic behaviourpotential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学lip rounding 圆唇化literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网locutionary act 发话行为,表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学logical structure 逻辑结构logical subject 逻辑主语logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派long vowed 长元音loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构main clause 主句Malinowski,Bronislawman-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process) 物质过程mathematical principles 数学原理maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移meaning 意义mental (processs) 思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis 换位(作用)metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical patterning 韵律格式microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器mid 中(元音)mind 思维minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality 情态modern French 现代法语modification 修饰modifier 修饰语monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemic transcription 词素标音morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics 形态音位学morphophonology 形态音系学morpho-syntactical change 形态句法变化mother tongue 母语本族语motivation 动因动机move (移动)MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量multilateral opposition 多边对立multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象N narratee 被叙述者narrator 叙述者narrator’s representationof speech acts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought acts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought, NRT 思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription 窄式音标narrowing 狭窄化nasal 鼻音nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料near-adult grammar 近成人语法negation 否定否定结构negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neogrammarian 新语法学家network 网络network computer 网络计算机neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息new stylistics 新文体学node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative 主格non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入non-contrastive analysis 非对比性分析non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念notional-functional syllabus意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词number system 数字系统number 数字Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre 八音步诗行Old English 古英语one-place predicate 一位谓语on-line translation 在线翻译onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operational system 操作系统operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography 正字法ostensive communication 直示交际output 产出overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalatal 腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization (硬)腭化paradigm 聚合体paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase 释义意译parole 言语part of speech 词类participant 参与者particle 小品词语助词particular grammar 特定语的语法partitive 部分的部分格passive transformation 被动转换passive (voice) 被动语态pattern drill technique 句型操练法pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak (节)峰perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performance test 语言运用测试performance 语言运用performative (verb) 行事性动词perlocutionary act 话后行为perseverative coarticulation重复性协同发音person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal 咽头音喉音pharynx 喉头phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone 音素音子phonematic unit 音声单位phoneme 音位phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音(法)phonetics 语音学phonological analysis 音位分析phonological component 音位部分phonological level 音系层phonological process 音位过程phonological representation 音位表达phonological rule 音位规则phonological structure 音位结构phonological system 音位系统phonological variant 音位变体phonology 音系学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase 短语phrase structure 短语结构phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法phrase structure rule, PSrule 短语结构规则pidgin 皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch 音高声调高低place of articulation 发音部位play 剧本plosion 爆破plosive 爆破音爆发音plural 复数pluralism 多元主义plurality 复数形式poetic (function) 诗学功能poetry 诗歌polymorphemic (word) 多语素词polysyllabic 多音节(词)polysystemic analysis 多系统分析Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive 所有的属有的possible grammar 可能语言的语法postalveolar 后齿龈音post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics 后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer 后限定词post-structuralist view 后结构主义观点pragmatic inference 语用推论pragmatic roles 语用角色pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate calculus 谓语演算predicate logic 谓语逻辑predicate 谓语predicator 谓语(动)词predictive validity 预测效度pre-editing 预先编辑译前加工prefix 前缀pre-modified input 预修正的输入premodifier 前修饰语preposition 介词prepositional calculus 介词演算prepositional logic 介词逻辑prepositional opposition 介词对立prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive 规定式presupposition 前提预设primary cardinal vowel 主要基本元音primary stress 主重音第一重音principle of informativeness信息性原则principle of least effort 最省力原则principle of quantity 数量原则privative opposition 表非对立表缺对立process 过程production error 产生性错误productivity 多产性proficiency test 水平测试pro-form 代词形式替代形式programming language 编程语言progressive 进行体progressive assimilation 顺同化projection rule 投射规则pronominal 代词pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典pronunciation 发音proportional opposition 部分对立proposition 命题prose style 散文风格prosodic analysis 节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法psychological reality 心理现实psychological subject 心理主语psychology of language 语言心理学psychometric-structuralistapproach 心理测定-结构主义法pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话QQ-based implicature 基于质量的含义Q-principle 质量原则quality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quantity maxim 数量准则quatrain 四行诗Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义reader 读者reading comprehension 阅读理解realisation 体现recall 回忆received pronunciation, RP标准发音receiver 受话者信息接受者recency effect 近期效应recognition 识别recursion 可溯recursive 可溯的还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential meaning 所指意义referential theory 所指理论referential 所指的reflected meaning 反映意义reflexive (form) 反身形式regional dialect 地域方言register 语域regressive assimilation 逆同化regulatory (function) 控制性语言功能relation maxim 关系准则relational opposite 关系对立relational process 关系过程relative clause 关系分句关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复representational system 表达系统representational 表达实体residue 剩余成分restricted language 限制性语言retrieval process 检索过程retrieval system 检索系统retroflex sound 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨revised extended standard theory, REST 修正扩展标准理论rewriting rules 重写规则rheme 述位rhetorical skill 修辞技能rhyme 韵韵角压韵rhythm 韵律节奏Roman alphabet letter 罗马字母root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音R-principle 关联原则rule system 规则系统rule-based approaches 基于规则的方法rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit 梵文Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema 图式scheme-oriented language 面向图式的语言second language acquisition第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment 音段selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic association network语义关联网络semantic change 语义变化semantic component 语义部分semantic feature 特征semantic interpretation 语义解释semantic interpretativerules 语义解释规则semantic process 语义过程semantic representation 语义表达semantic sentence pattern,SSP 语义句型semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic system 符号系统semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense relation 意义关系sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant 咝擦音sign 符号signified 所指受指signifier 能指施指simile 明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数situational context 情景语境situational level 情景层situational syllabus 情景教学大纲situational variation 情景变异slot 空缺social role 社会角色social semiotic 社会符号学socio-cultural role 社会文化角色sociolinguistic study of language 语言的社会语言学研究sociolinguistic study ofsociety 社会的社会语言学研究sociolinguistics 社会语言学sociological approach 社会学方法soft palate 软腭solidarity 团结sonnet 十四行诗sonorant 响音sonority scale 响音阶sound 语音sound image 语音图像sound pattern 语音模式sound segment 音段sound system 语音系统sound wave 音波speaker’s meaning 说话者意义speech 言语speech act theory 言语行为理论speech community 言语社团speech comprehension 言语理解speech event 言语事件speech function 言语功能speech mode 言语方式speech organ 言语器官speech perception 言语感知speech presentation言语表达speech production ; 言语产生speech research言语研究speech role言语角色speech sound 语音speech synthesis 言语合成spelling 拼写,拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken language translation口语翻译spondee 扬扬格spoonerism 首音互换斯本内现象spread 展元音S-structure 表层结构stability 稳定性stability reliability 稳定性效度Standard English 标准英语standard theory 标准理论standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stored knowledge 储存知识strategic knowledge 学习策略知识stratification 层stream of consciousness 意识流stress pattern 重音模式stress 重音structural analysis 结构分析structural (structuralist) grammar 结构语法structural syllabus 结构教学大纲structural test 结构测试structuralism 结构主义structuralist linguistics 结构主义语言学structuralist view 结构主义观点style 文体风格stylistic analysis 文体分析stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjective test 主观性测试subjectivity 主观性subjunctive mood 虚拟语气subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征surface form 表层形式surface representation 表层表达surface structure 表层结构syllabic structure 音节结构syllabification 音节划节syllable 音节syllabus design 教学大纲设计syllabus 教学大纲syllogism 三段论法symbol 符号synchronic (linguistics) 共时(语言学)synonym 同义词synonymous 同义的synonymy 同义现象syntactic component 句法部分syntactic features 句法特征syntactic function 句法功能syntactic marker 句法标记syntactic process 句法过程syntactic restriction 句法限制syntactic structure 句法结构syntactical change 变化syntagmatic relation 组合关系syntax 句法system network 系统网络system of signs 符号系统。
语言学中英术语对照

语言学中英术语对照Glossary and Index Aabbreviation 缩写词,略语Abercrombieablative 夺格,离格abstractness 抽象性accent 重音(符)accuracy 正确性accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者addition 添加address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分;附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affix hopping 词缀跳跃affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义ambiguous歧义的American descriptive linguistics 美国描写语言学American English 美式英语American Indian languages 美国印第安族诸语言American structuralism 美国结构主义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应AndersonAnimal communication system 动物交际系统animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词;前在词anthropological 人类学的anthropological linguistics 人类语言学anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称;代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系)appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性;得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音Apteaptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项;中词;主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气;送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵;半谐音Atkinson, A.M.attributive 属性;修饰语;定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学Austin, John Langshaw authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behaver 行为者behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论Black English 黑人英语blade 舌叶;舌面前部blank verse无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用;借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接British English 英式英语broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造;仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的;使投动词CD-I, compact disk-interactive 交互式激光视盘center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统Chinese 汉语choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句;从句click 吸气音;咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节;符尾code 语码;信码cognitive psycholinguistics 认知心理语言学cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关;关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘COMPACT DISD-READ ONLY MEMORY,CD-ROM 激光视盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution 互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词;复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer 计算机;电脑computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致(关系)concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command 成分指令constituent proposition 成分命题constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义contact 接触content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规;规约conventional meaning 常规意义;规约意义conventionality 常规性;规约性conversational implicature 会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle, CP 合作原则coordinate construction 并列结构coordination 并列Cordercoreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl. corpora) 语料;素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数(名词)counterfactual proposition 反事实命题couplet 对句;对联creativity 创造性;原创性Creole 克里澳尔语;混和语cross-cultural 跨文化cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culture 文化culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延;指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix. 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学description 描写descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离;变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号;变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学dialogue对话dictionary 词典digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音;双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇;话语discourse analysis 语篇分析;话语分析discourse interpretation 语篇理解discrete 分离的;离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化(作用) distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分distribution 分布do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围;领域dorsal 舌背音;舌中音dorsum 舌背(音)double comparative 双重比较download 下载drama 戏剧drill-and-practice software 操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性;简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略(法)elliptical sentence structure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的emphasis 强调empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音;增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学etic 非位的;素的evaluation 评估event process 事件过程example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的;彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction 外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的;扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动。
《英语语言学》术语(英汉对照)表

语言学术语(英—汉对照)表Glossary and IndexAabbreviation 缩写词,略语 3。
3.1Abercrombie 10.3。
2ablative 夺格,离格 4.1.1abstractness 抽象性 1。
3.2accent 重音(符)2.4。
4;2.4.5accuracy 正确性 11。
6.4accusative 宾格 4。
1。
1achievement test 成绩测试 11。
6.3acoustic phonetics 声学语音学 1。
7。
1;2.1 acquisition 习得 6.1.2acronym 缩略语 3。
3.1action process 动作过程 12。
2。
3actor 动作者 4.4.2;12。
2.3addition 添加 3.3。
2address form 称呼形式 7.2。
3addressee 受话人 1。
4;9。
4.1addresser 发话人 1。
4;9.4。
1adjective 形容词 3.1.2;4。
1。
1;5.5。
2adjunct 修饰成分;附加语 12.2.3adverb 副词 3.1。
2affix 词缀 3。
2.1affix hopping 词缀跳跃 4.3。
1affixation词缀附加法 7。
1.4affricate 塞擦音 2.4。
3;2。
4.5;2.9.1agreement 一致关系 4。
1.3airstream 气流 2alliteration 头韵 9.3。
2;9。
3。
6allomorph 词/语素变体 3.2。
4;4。
3。
1allophone 音位变体 2。
8allophonic variation 音位变体 2.8。
3allophony音位变体现象 2。
8。
3alveolar ridge 齿龈 2。
2alveolar 齿龈音 2。
4。
4;2.4。
5ambiguity 歧义 4.2。
2;4。
3.1;6.2.3;8.2。
2;8。
(完整版)语言学专业词汇中英文对照版

语言学术语(英-汉对照)表Aabbreviation 缩写词,略语ablative 夺格,离格accent 重音(符)accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthropological linguistics 人类语言学anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系)appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音attributive 属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论blade 舌叶舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的使投动词center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句从句click 吸气音咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码信码cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution 互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致(关系)concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command 成分指令constituent proposition 成分命题constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义conventionality 常规性规约性conversational implicature 会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle, CP 合作原则coordinate construction 并列结构coordination 并列coreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数(名词)counterfactual proposition 反事实命题couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性Creole 克里澳尔语混和语cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇话语discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation 语篇理解discrete 分离的离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化(作用)distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域dorsal 舌背音舌中音dorsum 舌背(音)double comparative 双重比较drill-and-practice software 操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略(法)elliptical sentence structure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction 外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasoldfeasibility 可行性feature 特征feedback 反馈felicity condition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar 有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学flap 闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性floppy disk 软盘focus 焦点中心folk etymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话foreign language teaching 外语教学form 形式formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化formation 形成formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想free morpheme 自由语素free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体free verse 自由韵文French 法语frequency effect 频率效应fricative (摩)擦音friction 摩擦front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation,FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译function word 功能词function 功能functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentence perspective, FSP功能句子观functions of language 语言功能fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的Ggender difference 性别差异general linguistics 普通语言学generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格genre 体裁语类German 德语given (information) 已给信息global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配grammatical analysis 语法分析grammatical function ; ; grammatical structure 语法结构gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammatical organization 语法组成grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形grammatical structure 语法结构grammatical subject 语法主语grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词graphitic form 文字形式Gricean maxim Grice准则group 词组guttural 腭音Hhalf-rhyme 半韵hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter 七音步诗行hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy 等级体系high 高(元音)historical linguistics 历史语言学holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音/形异议词Hopi Hopi语horizontal relation 链状关系Horn scale 霍恩阶human cognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言human speech 人类言语human translation 人译hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎Iiamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功能identifying 认同的idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含implication 蕴涵含义implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的,无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折(变化)inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis (语法)天赋假设input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分intensive 强调的增强的interactional (function) 交互功能interdental 齿间音interface 界面interference 干扰interjection 感叹词interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语interlingual approach 语际法interlocutor 会话者internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phonetic alphabet, IPA国际音标internet 互联网interpersonal 人际的interpersonal function 人际功能interpretation 解释interrogative sentence 疑问句intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系intransitive 不及物的intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词invention 新创词语inversion 倒置,倒装IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号irony 讽刺反话isolated opposition 孤立对立Italian 意大利语JJapanese 日语jargon 黑话行语Jesperson, OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones, DanielKkernel sentence 核心句keyword关键词knowledge 知识known information 已知信息KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel 标示标记labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材language learning 语言学习language maintenance 语言维护language processing 语言处理language structure 语言结构language system 语言系统language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用langue 语言(系统)larynx 喉头lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法lax vowel 松元音length 长度音长letter 字母level 层,级,平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme 词位词素lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义lexical change 词汇变化lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义lexical morphology 词汇形态学lexical studies 词汇研究lexical word 词汇词lexicogrammar 词汇语法lexicon 词汇词典lexis 词liaison 连音连续limerick 打油诗line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学linear structure 线形结构linguistic university 语言普遍性linguistic behaviour 语言行为linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学lip rounding 圆唇化literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网locutionary act 发话行为,表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation 逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学logical structure 逻辑结构logical subject 逻辑主语logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派long vowed 长元音loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构main clause 主句Malinowski, Bronislawman-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process) 物质过程mathematical principles 数学原理maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移meaning 意义mental (processs) 思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis 换位(作用)metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical patterning 韵律格式microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器mid 中(元音)mind 思维minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality 情态modern French 现代法语modification 修饰modifier 修饰语monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemic transcription 词素标音morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics 形态音位学morphophonology 形态音系学morpho-syntactical change 形态句法变化mother tongue 母语本族语motivation 动因动机move (移动)MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量multilateral opposition 多边对立multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象Nnarratee 被叙述者narrator 叙述者narrator’s representation of speechacts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of speech,NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of thoughtacts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representation of thought,NRT 思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription 窄式音标narrowing 狭窄化nasal 鼻音nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料near-adult grammar 近成人语法negation 否定否定结构negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neogrammarian 新语法学家network 网络network computer 网络计算机neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息new stylistics 新文体学node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative 主格non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入non-contrastive analysis 非对比性分析non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念notional-functional syllabus 意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词number system 数字系统number 数字Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre 八音步诗行Old English 古英语one-place predicate 一位谓语on-line translation 在线翻译onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operational system 操作系统operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography 正字法ostensive communication 直示交际output 产出overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalatal 腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization (硬)腭化paradigm 聚合体paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase 释义意译parole 言语part of speech 词类participant 参与者particle 小品词语助词particular grammar 特定语的语法partitive 部分的部分格passive transformation 被动转换passive (voice) 被动语态pattern drill technique 句型操练法pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak (节)峰perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performance test 语言运用测试performance 语言运用performative (verb) 行事性动词perlocutionary act 话后行为perseverative coarticulation 重复性协同发音person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal 咽头音喉音pharynx 喉头phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone 音素音子phonematic unit 音声单位phoneme 音位phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音(法)phonetics 语音学phonological analysis 音位分析phonological component 音位部分phonological level 音系层phonological process 音位过程phonological representation 音位表达phonological rule 音位规则phonological structure 音位结构phonological system 音位系统phonological variant 音位变体phonology 音系学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase 短语phrase structure 短语结构phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法phrase structure rule, PS rule 短语结构规则pidgin 皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch 音高声调高低place of articulation 发音部位play 剧本plosion 爆破plosive 爆破音爆发音plural 复数pluralism 多元主义plurality 复数形式poetic (function) 诗学功能poetry 诗歌polymorphemic (word) 多语素词polysyllabic 多音节(词)polysystemic analysis 多系统分析Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive 所有的属有的possible grammar 可能语言的语法postalveolar 后齿龈音post-Bloomfieldian linguistics 后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer 后限定词post-structuralist view 后结构主义观点pragmatic inference 语用推论pragmatic roles 语用角色pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate calculus 谓语演算predicate logic 谓语逻辑predicate 谓语predicator 谓语(动)词predictive validity 预测效度pre-editing 预先编辑译前加工prefix 前缀pre-modified input 预修正的输入premodifier 前修饰语preposition 介词prepositional calculus 介词演算prepositional logic 介词逻辑prepositional opposition 介词对立prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive 规定式presupposition 前提预设primary cardinal vowel 主要基本元音primary stress 主重音第一重音principle of informativeness 信息性原则principle of least effort 最省力原则principle of quantity 数量原则privative opposition 表非对立表缺对立process 过程production error 产生性错误productivity 多产性proficiency test 水平测试pro-form 代词形式替代形式programming language 编程语言progressive 进行体progressive assimilation 顺同化projection rule 投射规则pronominal 代词pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典pronunciation 发音proportional opposition 部分对立proposition 命题prose style 散文风格prosodic analysis 节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法psychological reality 心理现实psychological subject 心理主语psychology of language 语言心理学psychometric-structuralist approach 心理测定-结构主义法pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话QQ-based implicature 基于质量的含义Q-principle 质量原则quality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quantity maxim 数量准则quatrain 四行诗Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义reader 读者reading comprehension 阅读理解realisation 体现recall 回忆received pronunciation, RP 标准发音receiver 受话者信息接受者recency effect 近期效应recognition 识别recursion 可溯recursive 可溯的还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential meaning 所指意义referential theory 所指理论referential 所指的reflected meaning 反映意义reflexive (form) 反身形式regional dialect 地域方言register 语域regressive assimilation 逆同化regulatory (function) 控制性语言功能relation maxim 关系准则relational opposite 关系对立relational process 关系过程relative clause 关系分句关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility 相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复representational system 表达系统representational 表达实体residue 剩余成分restricted language 限制性语言retrieval process 检索过程retrieval system 检索系统retroflex sound 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨revised extended standard theory,REST 修正扩展标准理论rewriting rules 重写规则rheme 述位rhetorical skill 修辞技能rhyme 韵韵角压韵rhythm 韵律节奏Roman alphabet letter 罗马字母root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音R-principle 关联原则rule system 规则系统rule-based approaches 基于规则的方法rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit 梵文Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema 图式scheme-oriented language 面向图式的语言second language acquisition 第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment 音段selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic association network 语义关联网络semantic change 语义变化semantic component 语义部分semantic feature 特征semantic interpretation 语义解释semantic interpretative rules 语义解释规则semantic process 语义过程semantic representation 语义表达semantic sentence pattern, SSP 语义句型semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic system 符号系统semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense relation 意义关系sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant 咝擦音sign 符号signified 所指受指signifier 能指施指simile 明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数situational context 情景语境situational level 情景层situational syllabus 情景教学大纲situational variation 情景变异slot 空缺social role 社会角色social semiotic 社会符号学socio-cultural role 社会文化角色sociolinguistic study of language 语言的社会语言学研究sociolinguistic study of society 社会的社会语言学研究sociolinguistics 社会语言学sociological approach 社会学方法soft palate 软腭solidarity 团结sonnet 十四行诗sonorant 响音sonority scale 响音阶sound 语音sound image 语音图像sound pattern 语音模式sound segment 音段sound system 语音系统sound wave 音波speaker’s meaning 说话者意义speech 言语speech act theory 言语行为理论speech community 言语社团speech comprehension 言语理解speech event 言语事件speech function 言语功能speech mode 言语方式speech organ 言语器官speech perception 言语感知speech presentation言语表达speech production ; 言语产生speech research言语研究speech role言语角色speech sound 语音speech synthesis 言语合成spelling 拼写,拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken language translation 口语翻译spondee 扬扬格spoonerism 首音互换斯本内现象spread 展元音S-structure 表层结构stability 稳定性stability reliability 稳定性效度Standard English 标准英语standard theory 标准理论standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stored knowledge 储存知识strategic knowledge 学习策略知识stratification 层stream of consciousness 意识流stress pattern 重音模式stress 重音structural analysis 结构分析structural (structuralist) grammar 结构语法structural syllabus 结构教学大纲structural test 结构测试structuralism 结构主义structuralist linguistics 结构主义语言学structuralist view 结构主义观点style 文体风格stylistic analysis 文体分析stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjective test 主观性测试subjectivity 主观性subjunctive mood 虚拟语气subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征surface form 表层形式surface representation 表层表达surface structure 表层结构syllabic structure 音节结构syllabification 音节划节syllable 音节syllabus design 教学大纲设计syllabus 教学大纲syllogism 三段论法symbol 符号synchronic (linguistics) 共时(语言学)synonym 同义词synonymous 同义的synonymy 同义现象syntactic component 句法部分syntactic features 句法特征syntactic function 句法功能syntactic marker 句法标记syntactic process 句法过程syntactic restriction 句法限制syntactic structure 句法结构syntactical change 变化syntagmatic relation 组合关系syntax 句法system network 系统网络system of signs 符号系统system of systems 系统的系统systemic(grammar) 系统语法systemic-functional Grammar, SFG 系统功能语法Ttacit knowledge 默契的知识tagmeme 法位tagmemics 法位学tap 一次接触音target language 目标语言tautology 同义反复冗辞template 模块tense vowel 紧元音tense 时态test content 测试内容test form 测试形式testee 受试者testing 测试test-retest reliability 一测再测信度tetrameter 四音步诗行text 语篇text comprehension 语篇理解text encoding 语篇编码text interpretation 语篇解释text style 语篇风格textual organization 语篇组织textual 语篇功能theme 主位theoretical linguistics 理论语言学third-person narrator 第三人称叙述者thought presentation 思想表达three-place predicate 三位谓语tone 声调音调tongue height 舌高tongue position 舌位tongue tip 舌尖topic 主题trace theory 轨迹论traditional grammar 传统语法transcribed 标音transcription 音标标音transfer 移转transfer approach 移转法transformation 转换transformation of interrogation 疑问转换transformational component 转换部分、transformational grammar 转换语法transformational process 转换过程transformational rule 转换规则transformational-generative grammar, TG grammar 转换生成语法transitivity 及物性translation 翻译tree diagram 树形图trill 颤音trochee 抑扬格长短格trope 转喻隐喻truth condition 真值条件truth value 真值tu/vous distinction 你/您区别turn length 话语轮次长度turn quantity 话语轮次数量turn-taking 依次发言two-place predicate 二位谓语two-word utterance 二词话语typology 类型学UUnaspirated 不松气的underlying form 底层形式underlying representation 底层表达uninterruptibility 非中断性universal grammar, UG 普遍语法universal quantifier 普遍限量词universal 普遍现象universality 普遍性universals of language 语言的普遍现象unmarked 未标记的unrounded vowel 非圆元音urban dialectology 都市方言学user 用户user-friendly 方便用户的utterance meaning 语句意义utterance 语句uvula 小舌uvular 小舌音Vvalidity 效度variable 可变化的variable word 可变化词variation变异variety 变体语体velar 软腭音velarization 腭音化velum 软口盖verb 动词verb phrase 动词短语verbal communication 言语交际verbal process 言语过程verbiage 言辞vernacular language education 本地化教育vertical relation 选择关系vocabulary 词汇vocal cord 声带vocal organ 发音器官vocal tract 声道vocative 呼格voice 语态voiced consonant 浊辅音voiced obstruent 浊塞音voiced (sound) 浊音voiceless consonant 清辅音voiceless obstruent 清塞音voiceless (sound) 清音voicing 浊音化,有声化vowel glide 元音音渡vowel 元音Wweb page 网页Wh-interrogative 特殊疑问句women register 女性语域word 词word class 词类word formation 词语形成word group 词组word meaning 词义word order 词序word recognition 词语识别word formation 词语形成word-for-word 逐词翻译wording 措辞working memory system 工作记忆系统writing 文字writing system 文字系统written language 书面语written text 篇章XX-bar Theory X-bar理论Yyes/no interrogative 是非问句yes/no question 是非问句Zzero form 零形式。
语言学中英术语对照

语言学中英术语对照GlossaryandIndex Aabbreviation缩写词,略语Abercrombieablative夺格,离格abstractness抽象性accent重音(符)accuracy正确性accusative宾格achievementtest成绩测试acousticphonetics声学语音学acquisition习得acronym缩略语actionprocess动作过程actor动作者addition添加addressform称呼形式addressee受话人addresser发话人adjective形容词adjunct修饰成分;附加语adverb副词affix词缀affixhopping词缀跳跃affixation词缀附加法affricate塞擦音agreement一致关系airstream气流alliteration头韵allomorph词/语素变体allophone音位变体allophonicvariation音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolarridge齿龈alveolar齿龈音ambiguity歧义ambiguous歧义的Americandescriptivelinguistics美国描写语言学AmericanEnglish美式英语AmericanIndianlanguages美国印第安族诸语言Americanstructuralism美国结构主义analogicalcreation类推造字anapest抑抑扬格anaphor前指替代anaphoricreference前指照应Anderson Animalcommunicationsystem动物交际系统animate有生命的annotation注解antecedent先行词;前在词anthropological人类学的anthropologicallinguistics人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同发音antonomasia换称;代类名antonym反义词antonymy反义(关系)appellative称谓性appliedlinguistics应用语言学appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语言学appropriacy适宜性appropriateness适宜性;得体性approximant无摩擦延续音Apteaptitudetest素质测试Arabic阿拉伯语arbitrariness任意性argument中项;中词;主目article冠词articulation发音articulator发音器官articulatoryphonetics发音语音学artificialspeech人工言语aspect体aspirated吐气;送气assimilation同化associative联想associativemeaning联想意义assonance准压韵;半谐音Atkinson,A.M.attributive属性;修饰语;定语auditoryphonetics听觉语音学Austin,JohnLangshawauthenticinput真实投入authorialstyle权威风格authoringprogram编程autonomy自主性auxiliary助词盪血里赵uJSi|enSui|!q互库@赵uoijisoddo|ejaje|iq昙leseu|eiqe|iq昙国赵leiqenqX王弘马lusunoiAeqaq葩耳¥马ssaDOjd|ejnolAeqaq jaAe M^q 切皋吧晋JuouodiuoDasequoijeujJo^DeqaSejsSui|qqeqaq」“人」ei|ixne binarydivision二分法binaryfeature二分特征binarytaxonomy二分分类学binding制约bindingtheory制约论BlackEnglish黑人英语blade舌叶;舌面前部blankverse无韵诗blending混成法borrowing借用;借词boundmorpheme粘着语素boundingtheory管辖论bracketing括号法brevitymaxim简洁准则bridging架接BritishEnglish英式英语broadtranscription宽式音标broadening词义扩大Browncorpus布朗语料库calculability可计算性calque仿造;仿造词语cancellability可删除cardinalnumeral基数cardinalvowel基本元音case格casegrammar格语法casetheory格理论category范畴categoricalcomponent范畴成分causative使役的;使投动词CD-I,compactdisk-interactive交互式激光视盘center中心词centraldeterminer中心限定词chainrelation链状关系chainsystem链状系统Chinese汉语choice选择choicesystem选择系统circumstance环境因子class词类classshift词性变换clause小句;从句click吸气音;咂音clipping截断法closedclass封闭类closedsyllable闭音节cluster音丛coarticulation协同发音coda结尾音节;符尾code语码;信码cognitivepsycholinguistics认知心理语言学cognitivepsychology认知心理学cognitivesystem认知系统coherence相关;关联cohension衔接co-hyponym同下义词colligation类连结collocativemeaning搭配意义colorword色彩词colorwordsystem色彩词系统command指令commoncore共核commonnoun普通名词communication交际communicativecompetence交际能力communicativedynamism,CD交际性动力communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交际语言教学法communicativeSentencePattern,CSP交际性句子模式communicativesyllabus交际教学大纲communicativetest交际性测试communicative-grammaticalapproach交际-语法教学法compactdisk激光盘COMPACTDISD-READONLYMEMORY,CD-ROM激光视盘comparativedegree比较级competence能力complement补语complementaryantonym互补反义词complementaryantonymy互补反义关系complementarydistribution互补分布complexpredicate复合谓语component成分componentialanalysis成分分析compositeproposition复合命题compositionality复合性compound复合词;复合句comprehension理解computation计算computationallinguistics计算语言学computationalsystem计算系统computer计算机;电脑computer-assistedlearning,CAL计算机辅助学习computercorpus计算机语料库computerhardware计算机硬件computerliteracy计算机操作能力computernetworks计算机网络computersystem计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction,CAI计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL计算机辅助语言学习conative意动的concept概念conceptualmeaning概念意concord一致(关系)concordance共现关系concretenoun具体名词concurrent同时发生的conjugation词形变化conjunct连接副词conjunction连接词conjunctionbuttressing连接词支撑connotation内涵consequent跟随成分consonance辅音韵consonant辅音constantopposition不变对立constative表述的constituentcommand成分指令constituentproposition成分命题constituentstructureanalysis成分结构分析constituent成分construct编制constructvalidity编制效度construction构建constructivism构建主义contact接触contentanalysis内容分析contentvalidity内容效度contentword实义词contextdependent语境依赖的contextofsituation情景语境context语境contextualanalyses语境分析contextualmeaning语境意义contrastiveanalysis对比分析controltheory控制理论controlledlanguage有控制的语言convention常规;规约conventionalmeaning常规意义;规约意义conventionality常规性;规约性conversationalimplicature会话含义conversationalmaxim会话准则converseantonymy相反反义现象conversion变换cooperativeprinciple,CP合作原则coordinateconstruction并列结构coordination并列Cordercoreferential互参的coronal舌面前音corpus(pl.corpora)语料;素材corpusdata语料库语料corpuslinguistics语料库语言学context上下文countable可数(名词) counterfactualproposition反事实命题couplet对句;对联creativity创造性;原创性Creole克里澳尔语;混和语cross-cultural跨文化cross-culturalcommunication跨文化交际cross-linguistic跨语言的culture文化culturally-specific文化特异的curriculum教学大纲customizing定制的Ddactyl扬抑抑格Danilanguage达尼语dataretrieval,DR资料检索database数据库dative(case)与格dativemovement与格移动declarative陈述句decoding解码deductive演绎的deepstructure深层结构defeasibility消除可行性definite有定的degeneratedata无用的语料deixis指称delicacy精密阶denotation外延;指称dental齿音dentalization齿音化derivation衍生derivationalaffix.衍生词汇derivationalmorphology派生形态学description描写descriptiveadequacy描写充分性descriptivelinguistics描写语言学designfeature结构特征determiner限定词developinggrammar发展语法deviant变体deviation偏离;变异devoicing清音化diachroniclinguistics历时语言学diachronic历时的diacritic附加符号;变音符diagnostictest诊断性测试dialect方言dialectology方言学dialogue对话dictionary词典digitizedsound数字化语音dimetre二音步诗行diphthong二合元音;双元音directobject直接宾语directspeech,DS直接言语directthought,DT直接思想directionality方向性discourse语篇;话语discourseanalysis语篇分析;话语分析discourseinterpretation语篇理解discrete分离的;离散的discrete-pointgrammar离散语法discretepointtest分立性测试disjunction分离关系displacement移位dissimilation异化(作用)distinctivefeature区别性特征distinguisher辩义成分distribution分布do-insertionruledo添加规则domain范围;领域dorsal舌背音;舌中音dorsum舌背(音)doublecomparative双重比较download下载drama戏剧drill-and-practicesoftware操练软件D-structureD结构dual双数dualisticview二分观点duality二重性economy经济性;简洁性earlyModernEnglish早期现代英语ejective爆发音electronicmail电子邮件ElizabethanEnglish伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis省略(法)ellipticalsentencestructure省略句子结构embeddedelement嵌入成分emic位学的emotive感情的emphasis强调empiricaldata经验主义的语料empirical经验主义的empiricalvalidity经验效度empiricism经验主义emptycategory,EC空范畴enablingskills使成技能化encoding编码endrhyme末端韵endocentricconstruction内向结构entailment蕴涵entrycondition入列条件epenthesis插音;增音equipollentopposition均等对立equivalence相等equivalencereliability相等信度erroranalysis错误分析EST科技英语ethnicityidentity民族认同ethnographyofcommunication交际民族学etic非位的;素的evaluation评估eventprocess事件过程example-basedmachinetranslation基于例句的机器翻译exchangeerror交换错误exchangesequence交际序列exchangestructure交际结构exhaustive穷尽的;彻底的existent存在物existential存在句existentialprocess存在过程existentialquantifier存在数量词exocentric外向的exocentricconstruction外向结构experiential经验的experientialfunction经验功能experimentalpsycholinguistics实验心理语言学explanatoryadequacy解释充分性explicitgrammarinstruction,EGI明显的语法教学法expressionminimization表达最底程度expressive表达的extendedstandardtheory,EST扩展标准理论extensive引申的;扩展的extent-conditionformat程度条件格式externalevaluation外部评估externalqualifier外部修饰语extrinsicsourcesoferror外在的错误来源eyemovement眼部移动。
语言学术语英汉对照对照

back vowel
后元音
back-formation
逆构词法
bilabial
双唇音
bilingualism
双语(现象)
blending
拼缀法
borrowing
借用
bound morpheme
黏着词素
broad transcription
宽式标音
case
格
case condition
英汉术语对照
acoustic phonetics
声学语音学
acronym
首字母缩略词
acronymization
首字母缩略法
adjacency condition
毗邻条件
adjacency parameter
毗邻参数
adj-movement
形容词移位
affective meaning
情感意义
affix
词缀
affixation
词缀法
Afro-asiatic Family
亚非语系,闪含语系
agglutinative language
粘着语
allomorph
语素变体
allophone
音位变体
ambiguity
歧义(多义性)
arbitrariness
任意性
articulatory phonetics
发音语音学
成事性言语行为
person
人称
person deictics
人称指示词
pharyngeal cavity
咽腔
phone
音素
phoneme
音素
phoneme
语言学术语英汉对照

语言学术语英汉对照——考@翻译硕士唯一认准@鬼谷一喵第一章phonology音系学grammar语法学morphology形态学syntax句法学lexicology词汇学general linguistics普通语言学theoretical linguistics理论语言学historical linguistics历史语言学descriptive linguistics描写语言学empirical linguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学anthropology人类学stylistics文体学signifier能指signified所指morphs形素morphotactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntactic categories句法范畴syntactic classes句法类别序列sub-structure低层结构super-structure上层结构open syllable开音节closed syllable闭音节checked syllable成阻音节rank 等级level层次ding-dong theory/nativistic theory本能论sing-song theory唱歌说yo-he-ho theory劳动喊声说pooh-pooh theory感叹说ta-ta theory模仿说animal cry theory/bow-wow theory模声说Prague school布拉格学派Bilateral opposition双边对立Mutilateral opposition多边对立Proportional opposition部分对立Isolated opposition孤立对立Private opposition表缺对立Graded opposition渐次对立Equipollent opposition均等对立Neutralizable opposition可中立对立Constant opposition恒定对立Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Meaning potential意义潜势Conversational implicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设Speech acts言语行为Discourse analysis话语分析Contetualism语境论Phatic communion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言Applied linguistics应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派Psychosomatics身学第二章trachea/windpipe气管tip舌尖blade舌叶/舌面front舌前部center舌中部top舌顶back舌后部dorsum舌背root舌跟pharynx喉/咽腔laryngeals喉音laryngealization喉化音vocal cords声带vocal tract声腔initiator启动部分pulmonic airstream mechanism肺气流机制glottalic airstream mechanism喉气流机制velaric airstream mechanism腭气流机制Adam’s apple喉结Voiceless sound清音Voiceless consonant请辅音Voiced sound浊音Voiced consonant浊辅音Glottal stop喉塞音Breath state呼吸状态Voice state带音状态Whisper state耳语状态Closed state封闭状态Alveolar ride齿龈隆骨Dorsum舌背Ejective呼气音Glottalised stop喉塞音Impossive内爆破音Click/ingressive吸气音Segmental phonology音段音系学Segmental phonemes音段音位Suprasegmental超音段Non-segmental非音段Plurisegmental复音段Synthetic language综合型语言Diacritic mark附加符号Broad transcription宽式标音Narrow transcription窄式标音Orthoepy正音法Orthography正字法Etymology词源Active articulator积极发音器官Movable speech organ能动发音器官Passive articulator消极发音器官Immovable speech organ不能动发音器官Lateral边音Approximant [j,w]无摩擦延续音Resonant共鸣音Central approximant中央无摩擦延续音Lateral approximant边无摩擦延续音Unilateral consonant单边辅音Bilateral consonant双边辅音Non-lateral非边音Trill [r]颤音 trilled consonant颤辅音rolled consonant滚辅音Labal-velar唇化软腭音Interdental齿间音Post-dental后齿音Apico-alveolar舌尖齿龈音Dorso-alveolar舌背齿龈音Palato-alveolar后齿龈音Palato-alveolar腭齿龈音Dorso-palatal舌背腭音Pre-palatal前腭音Post-palatal后腭音Velarization软腭音化Voicing浊音化Devoicing清音化Pure vowel纯元音Diphthong二合元音Triphthong三合元音Diphthongization二合元音化Monophthongization单元音化Centring diphthong央二合元音Closing diphthong闭二合元音Narrow diphthong窄二合元音Wide diphthong宽二合元音Phonetic similarity语音相似性Free variant自由变体Free variation自由变异Contiguous assimilation临近同化Juxtapostional assimilation邻接同化Regressive assimilation逆同化Anticipatory assimilation先行同化Progressive assimilation顺同化Reciprocal assimilation互相同化Coalescent assimilation融合同化Partial assimilation部分同化Epenthesis插音Primary stress主重音Secondary stress次重音Weak stress弱重音Stress group重音群Sentence stress句子重音Contrastive stress对比重音Lexical stress词汇重音Word stress词重音Lexical tone词汇声调Nuclear tone核心声调Tonetics声调学Intonation contour语调升降曲线Tone units声调单位Intonology语调学Multilevel phonology多层次音系学Monosyllabic word多音节词Polysyllabic word单音节次Maximal onset principle最大节首辅音原则第三章词汇liaison连音contracted form缩写形式frequency count词频统计a unit of vocabulary词汇单位a lexical item词条a lexeme词位hierarchy层次性lexicogrammar词汇语法morpheme语素nonomorphemic words单语素词polymorphemic words多语素词relative uninterruptibility相对连续性a minimum free form最小自由形式the maximum free form最大自由形式variable words 可变词invariable words不变词paradigm聚合体grammatical words(function words)语法词/功能词lexical words(content words)词汇词/实义词closed-class words封闭类词opened-class words开放类词word class词类particles小品词pro-form代词形式pro-adjective(so)代形容词pro-verb(do/did)代副词pro-adverb(so)代动词pro-locative(there)代处所词/代方位词determiners限定词predeterminers前置限定词central determiners中置限定词post determiners后置限定词ordinal number序数词cardinal number基数词morpheme词素morphology形态学free morpheme自由词素bound morpheme黏着词素root词根affix词缀stem词干root morpheme词根语素prefix前缀infix中缀suffix后缀bound root morpheme黏着词根词素inflectional affix屈折词缀derivational affix派生词缀inflectional morphemes屈折语素derivational morphemes派生语素word-formation构词compound复合词endocentric compound向心复合词exocentric compound离心复合词nominal endocentric compound名词性向心复合词adjective endocentric compound形容词性向心复合词verbal compound动词性复合词synthetic compound综合性复合词derivation派生词morpheme语素phoneme音位morphonology形态语音学morphophomemics形态音位学morphemic structure语素结构phonological structure音素结构monosyllabic单音节polysyllabic多音节phonological conditioned音位的限制morphological conditioned形态的限制coinage/invention新创词语blending混成法abbreviation缩写法acronym首字母缩写法back-formation逆序造次/逆构词法analogical creation类比构词法borrowing借词法loanword借词loanblend混合借词loanshift转移借词loan translation翻译借词loss脱落addition添加metathesis换位assimilation同化contact assimilation接触性同化contiguous assimilation临近性同化theory of least effort省力理论non- contiguous assimilation非临近性同化distant assimilation远距离同化morpho-syntactic change形态-句法变化morphological change形态变化syntactical change句法变化finite element有定成分semantic change语义变化multisemous多种意义broadening词义扩大narrowing词义缩小meaning shift词义转移class shift词性变换folk etymology俗词源orthographic change拼写的变化conversion变换/变码domain范围/领域meaning shift意义转移split infinitives分裂不定式(She was told to regularly classes)calque仿造词语clipping截断法metanalysis再分化finiteness定式proximate(this)近指代词obviative(that)远指代词non-productivity/unproductive非多产性semiotics符号学paradigmatic relations聚合关系associative relations联想关系syntagmatic relations组合关系sequential relations序列关系logogram语标register语域passive vocabulary消极词汇lexis/vocabulary词汇表第四章句法number数gender性case格nominative主格vocative呼格accusative兵格genitive属格dative与格ablative离格tense 时aspect体perfective完成体imperfective未完成体concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系government支配关系the governor支配者the governed被支配者signified能指signifier所指syntagmatic relationship组合关系paradigmatic relationship聚合关系associative relationship联想关系animate noun有生名词the two axes两根坐标坐标轴immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法linear structure线性结构hierarchical structure层级结构construction结构体constituent成分substituability替换性labeled tree diagram标签树形图endocentric/headed construction向心结构/中心结构exocentric construction离心结构subordinate construction主从结构coordinate construction并列结构recapitulation再现the declarative陈述句the interrogative疑问句dative movement与格移位morph-phonemic rule形态音位规则constituent morphemes成分规则affix hopping词缀越位nominalization名物化object-deletion宾语删除subject-deletion主语删除categories语类lexicon词库temporal subject表时间的主语syntactic limitation句法限制standard theory标准理论trace theory语迹理论the same index带同标志government管辖binding约束a rule system规则系统a principle system原则系统constituent command(C-command for short)成分统制plain English普通英语anaphor照应语pronominal指代语r-expression(referential-expression)指称语INFL(inflection)形态变化reciprocals(each other)相互代词accessible subject可及主语local domain局部语域binding domain约束语域logophoricity主人公视角CS(computational system)计算系统Merger合并move移动theme主位rheme述位empty subject空主语objective order客观顺序subjective order主观顺序actual sentence division实义句子切分法functional sentence perspective 功能句子观communicative dynamism (CD)交际动力bipartition二分法tripartite classification三分法representative function表达功能expressive function表情功能appellative/vocative function称呼功能conative function意欲功能poetic function诗学功能ideational function概念功能interpersonal function人际功能textual function语篇功能transitivity及物性actor动作者mood system语气系统the finite verbal operator限定部分residue剩余部分indicative直陈语气imperative祈使语气mental-process(a process of sensing)心理过程(感觉过程)relational process(a process of being)关系过程(属性过程)verbal process(a process of saying)言语过程(讲话过程)existential process生存过程第四章句法number数gender性case格nominative主格vocative呼格accusative兵格genitive属格dative与格ablative离格tense 时aspect体perfective完成体imperfective未完成体concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系government支配关系the governor支配者the governed被支配者signified能指signifier所指syntagmatic relationship组合关系paradigmatic relationship聚合关系associative relationship联想关系animate noun有生名词the two axes两根坐标坐标轴immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法linear structure线性结构hierarchical structure层级结构construction结构体constituent成分substituability替换性labeled tree diagram标签树形图endocentric/headed construction向心结构/中心结构exocentric construction离心结构subordinate construction主从结构coordinate construction并列结构recapitulation再现the declarative陈述句the interrogative疑问句dative movement与格移位morph-phonemic rule形态音位规则constituent morphemes成分规则affix hopping词缀越位nominalization名物化object-deletion宾语删除subject-deletion主语删除categories语类lexicon词库temporal subject表时间的主语syntactic limitation句法限制standard theory标准理论trace theory语迹理论the same index带同标志government管辖binding约束a rule system规则系统a principle system原则系统constituent command(C-command for short)成分统制plain English普通英语anaphor照应语pronominal指代语r-expression(referential-expression)指称语INFL(inflection)形态变化reciprocals(each other)相互代词accessible subject可及主语local domain局部语域binding domain约束语域logophoricity主人公视角CS(computational system)计算系统=derivational procedure推导系统Merger合并move移动theme主位rheme述位empty subject空主语objective order客观顺序subjective order主观顺序actual sentence division实义句子切分法functional sentence perspective 功能句子观communicative dynamism (CD)交际动力bipartition二分法tripartite classification三分法representative function表达功能expressive function表情功能。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版

语言学专业词汇中英文对照版语言学术语(英-汉对照)表applied linguistics 应用语言学blending 混成法A applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语borrowing 借用借词abbreviation 缩写词,略语言学bound morpheme 粘着语素ablative 夺格,离格appropriacy 适宜性bounding theory 管辖论accent 重音(符)appropriateness 适宜性得体性bracketing 括号法accusative 宾格approximant 无摩擦延续音brevity maxim 简洁准则achievement test 成绩测试aptitude test 素质测试bridging 架接acoustic phonetics 声学语音学Arabic 阿拉伯语broad transcription 宽式音标acquisition 习得arbitrariness 任意性broadening 词义扩大acronym 缩略语argument 中项中词主目Brown corpus 布朗语料库action process 动作过程article 冠词 Cactor 动作者articulation 发音calculability 可计算性address form 称呼形式articulator 发音器官calque 仿造仿造词语addressee 受话人articulatory phonetics 发音语音学cancellability 可删除addresser 发话人artificial speech 人工言语cardinal numeral 基数adjective 形容词aspect 体cardinal vowel 基本元音adjunct 修饰成分附加语aspirated 吐气送气case 格adverb 副词assimilation 同化case grammar 格语法affix 词缀associative 联想case theory 格理论affixation 词缀附加法associative meaning 联想意义category 范畴affricate 塞擦音assonance 准压韵半谐音categorical component 范畴成分agreement 一致关系attributive 属性修饰语定语causative 使役的使投动词airstream 气流auditory phonetics 听觉语音学center 中心词alliteration 头韵authentic input 真实投入central determiner 中心限定词allomorph 词/ 语素变体authorial style 权威风格chain relation 链状关系allophone 音位变体authoring program 编程chain system 链状系统allophonic variation 音位变体autonomy 自主性choice 选择allophony 音位变体现象auxiliary 助词choice system 选择系统alveolar ridge 齿龈auxiliary verb 助动词circumstance 环境因子alveolar 齿龈音 B class 词类ambiguity 歧义babbling stage 婴儿语阶段class shift 词性变换analogical creation 类推造字back-formation 逆构词法clause 小句从句anapest 抑抑扬格base component 基础部分click 吸气音咂音anaphor 前指替代behavioural process 行为过程clipping 截断法anaphoric reference 前指照应behaviourism 行为主义closed class 封闭类animate 有生命的bilabial 双唇音closed syllable 闭音节annotation 注解bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音cluster 音丛antecedent 先行词前在词bilateral opposition 双边对立coarticulation 协同发音anthropological linguistics 人类语bilingualism 双语现象coda 结尾音节符尾学binary division 二分法code 语码信码anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同binary feature 二分特征cognitive psychology 认知心理学//X -^7- 发音binary taxonomy 二分分类学cognitive system 认知系统antonomasia 换称代类名binding 制约coherence 相关关联antonym 反义词binding theory 制约论cohension 衔接antonymy 反义(关系)blade 舌叶舌面前部co-hyponym 同下义词appellative 称谓性blank verse 无韵诗colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义 color word 色彩词 color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际 communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘 comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution 互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析 composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性 compound 复合词复合句 comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件 computer literacy 计算机操作能力 computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致(关系) concordance 共现关系 concrete noun 具体名词 concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化 conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分 consonance 辅音韵 consonant 辅音 constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的 constituentcommand 成分指令 constituentproposition 成分命题 constituentstructure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分 construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建 constructivism构建主义 content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度 contentword 实义词 context dependent 语境依赖的 context of situation 情景语境 context 语境 contextualanalyses 语境分析 contextualmeaning 语境意义 contrastiveanalysis 对比分析 control theory控制理论 controlled language 有控制的语言 convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义 conventionality 常规性规约性 conversational implicature 会话含义 conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换 cooperativeprinciple, CP 合作原则 coordinateconstruction 并列结构 coordination 并列 coreferential 互参的 coronal舌面前音 corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文 countable 可数(名词) counterfactual proposition 反事实命题 couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性 Creole 克里澳尔语混和语 cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际 cross- linguistic 跨语言的 culturally- specific 文化特异的 curriculum 教学大纲 customizing 定制的 D dactyl 扬抑抑格 Dani language 达尼语 data retrieval, DR 资料检索 database 数据库 dative (case) 与格 dative movement 与格移动 declarative 陈述句 decoding 解码 deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性 definite有定的 degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称 delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称 dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化 derivation 衍生 derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征 determiner限定词 developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体 deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化 diachronic linguistics 历时语言学 diachronic历时的 diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试 dialect方言 dialectology 方言学 digitized sound 数字化语音 dimetre 二音步诗行 diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语 direct speech, DS 直接言语 direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性 discourse 语篇话语 discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析 discourse interpretation 语篇理解 discrete分离的离散的 discrete-point grammar 离散语法 discrete point test 分立性测试 disjunction 分离关系 displacement 移位 dissimilation 异化(作用) distinctive feature区别性特征 distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域 dorsal 舌背音舌中音 dorsum 舌背(音) double comparative 双重比较 drill-and- practice software 操练软件 D- structure D 结构 dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点 duality 二重性 E early Modern English 早期现代英语 economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音 electronic mail 电子邮件 Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略(法) ellipticalsentence structure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的 emotive 感情的 empirical 经验主义的 empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴 enablingskills 使成技能化 encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度 error analysis 错误分析 EST 科技英语 ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学 etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译 exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的 existent 存在物 existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的 exocentric construction 外向结构 experiential 经验的 experiential function 经验功能experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的 extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsicsources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasold feasibility 可行性 feature特征 feedback 反馈 felicitycondition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性 fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分 finite 有定的有限的 finite state grammar有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学 flap闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性 floppydisk 软盘 focus 焦点中心 folketymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话 foreignlanguage teaching 外语教学 form形式 formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化 formation 形成 formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式 free indirectspeech, FIS 自由间接言语 freeindirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想 free morpheme 自由语素 free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体 free verse自由韵文 French 法语 frequency effect 频率效应 fricative (摩)擦音friction 摩擦 front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high quality translation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译 function word 功能词 function 功能 functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentence perspective, FSP 功能句子观 functions of language 语言功能 fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的 G gender difference 性别差异 general linguistics 普通语言学 generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格 genre 体裁语类 German 德语 given (information) 已给信息 global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音 goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配 grammatical analysis 语法分析 grammatical function ; ; grammatical structure 语法结构 gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammatical organization 语法组成 grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形 grammatical structure 语法结构 grammatical subject 语法主语 grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词 graphitic form 文字形式 Gricean maxim Grice 准则 group 词组 guttural 腭音H half-rhyme 半韵 hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分 headed construction 中心结构 heptameter 七音步诗行 hierarchical structure 等级结构 hierarchical system 等级系统 hierarchy 等级体系 high 高(元音) historical linguistics 历史语言学 holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音 / 形异议词Hopi Hopi 语 horizontal relation链状关系 Horn scale 霍恩阶 humancognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言 humanspeech 人类言语 human translation 人译 hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设 -演绎 I iamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法 ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功台匕能identifying 认同的 idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含 implication 蕴涵含义 implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的,无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想 Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive 不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折(变化) inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功台匕能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis (语法)天赋假设 input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功台匕能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分 intensive 强调的增强的 interactional(function) 交互功台匕能interdental 齿间音 interface 界面interference 干扰 interjection 感叹词 interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语 interlingualapproach 语际法 interlocutor 会话者 internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phonetic alphabet,IPA 国际音标internet 互联网 interpersonal 人际的 interpersonal function 人际功台匕能interpretation 解释 interrogative sentence 疑问句 intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系 intransitive 不及物的 intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词 invention新创词语 inversion 倒置,倒装 IPA chart 国际音标图 IPS symbol 国际音标符号 irony 讽刺反话 isolated opposition 孤立对立 Italian 意大利语 JJapanese 日语 jargon 黑话行语Jesperson, Otto Johnson & Johnson JohnsonJones, DanielKkernel sentence 核心句 keyword 关键词 knowledge 知识 known information 已知信息 Krashen Kruszewski, Mikolaj Kuno, Susumo L label 标示标记 labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音 language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择 language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材 language learning 语言学习 language maintenance 语言维护 language processing 语言处理 language structure 语言结构 language system 语言系统 language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用 langue 语言(系统) larynx 喉头 lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法 lax vowel 松元音 length 长度音长 letter 字母 level 层,级,平面 Levinson, Stephen lexeme 词位词素 lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义 lexical change 词汇变化 lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义 lexical morphology 词汇形态学 lexical studies 词汇研究 lexical word 词汇词 lexicogrammar 词汇语法 lexicon 词汇词典 lexis 词 liaison 连音连续 limerick 打油诗 line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学 linear structure 线形结构 linguistic university 语言普遍性 linguistic behaviour 语言行为 linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学 lip rounding 圆唇化 literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网 locutionary act 发话行为,表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation 逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学 logical structure 逻辑结构 logical subject 逻辑主语 logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派 long vowed 长元音 loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构 main clause 主句Malinowski, Bronislaw man-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则 manner of articulation 发音方式 marked标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process)物质过程 mathematical principles 数学原理 maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势 meaning shift 转移 meaning 意义 mental (processs)思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义 message 信息metafunction 元功能 metalinguistic元语言的 metaphor 隐喻 metathesis换位(作用) metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律 metrical patterning 韵律格式 microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器 mid 中(元音) mind 思维 minimal attachmenttheory 最少接触理论 minimal pair最小对立体 minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式 mirror maxim 镜像准则 mistake错误 modal subject 语气主语 modalverb 情态动词 modality 情态 modernFrench 现代法语 modification 修饰modifier 修饰语 monomorphemic 单语素的 monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音 monosyllabic 单音节的 Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气 morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误 morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemic transcription 词素标morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学 morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics morphophonology morpho-syntactical 变化motivation 动因动机 move (移动)MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量 multilateral opposition 多边对立 multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象 N narratee 被叙述者 narrator 叙述者narrator 'respresentation ofspeech acts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达 narrator'respresentation of speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator 'repsresentation ofthought acts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达 narrator'repsresentation of thought,NRT 思维的叙述者表达 narrow transcription 窄式音标 narrowing狭窄化 nasal 鼻音 nasal cavity 鼻腔 nasal sound 鼻音 nasal stop 鼻塞音 nasal tract 鼻道 nasality 鼻音性 nasalization 鼻音化 Nash, Walter native speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料 near- adult grammar 近成人语法 negation 否定否定结构 negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记 negative transfer 负转移 neogrammarian 新语法学家 network 网络 network computer 网络计算机 neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息 new stylistics 新文体学 node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化 nominative 主格 non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入 non-contrastive analysis非对比性分析 non-conventionality 非规约性 non-detachability 非可分离性 non-linear phonology 非线性音系学 non-linguistic entity 非语言实体 non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音 non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇 non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词 nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示 norm 规范 notation system 标写系统 notion 意念 notional-functional syllabus意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语 noun 名词number system 数字系统 number 数字O object 宾语 object-deletion 宾语省略 objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性 obligatory 强制形态音位学形态音系学 change形态句法mother tongue 母语语本族。
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语言学常用术语英汉对照表Chapter 1 Introduction to Linguistics语言学简介1、anthropological linguistics 人类语言学2、applied linguistics应用语言学3、arbitrariness任意性4、petence 语言能力5、putational linguistics计算机语言学6、cultural transmission 文化传递性7、descriptive(grammar) 描写(语法)8、descriptive function描写功能9、design features识别特征10、diachronic linguistics历时语言学11、duality二重性12、displacement不受时空限制得特征13、emotive function表情功能14、expressivefunction表达功能15、general linguisitcs 普通语言学16、ideational function概念功能17、interpersonal function人际功能18、langue语言19、linguistics [liŋ'gwistiks] 语言学20、morphology 形态学21、mathematical linguistics 数理语言学22、metalinguistic function23、neurologicallinguistics 神经语言学24、phonetics语音学25、phonology 音系学26、pragmatics 语用学27、prescriptive(grammar)规定(语法)28、psycholinguistics心理语言学29、parole言语30、performance语言运用31、productivity能产性32、poetic function诗学功能33、phatic munion 交感性谈话34、referential function所指功能35、semantics语义学36、social function社会功能37、socio-linguistics 社会语言学38、synchroniclinguistics共时语言学39、syntax句法学40、textual function语篇功能41、Traditional Grammar传统语法Chapter 2 Phonology 音系学1、acousticphonetics声学语音学2、articulatory phonetics发音语音学3、affricate破擦音4、allophone音位变体5、alveolar齿龈音6、auditory phonetics听觉语音学7、aspiration送气8、assimilationrules同化现象9、back vowel后元音10、bilabial双唇音11、broad transcription宽式音标12、central vowel中元音13、close vowel闭元音14、plementarydistribution互补分布15、deletion rules省略规则16、dental齿音17、diphthong双元音18、fricative摩擦音19、front vowel前元音20、glide滑音21、glottal声门音22、hard palate硬腭23、InternationalPhonetics Alphabet国际音标24、intonation语调25、labiodental唇齿音26、liquid流音27、manner ofarticulation发音方式28、minimal pair 最小对立体29、minimalset最小对立组30、monophthong单元音31、narrow transcription严式音标32、nasal鼻音33、nasalcavity鼻腔34、open vowel开元音35、oral cavity口腔36、palatal硬腭37、pharyngealcavity咽腔38、place of articulation发音部位39、phone因素40、phoneme音素41、phonemic contrast音位对立42、rounded vowel元唇元音43、semi-close vowel半闭元音44、semi-openvowel半开元音45、sequential rules序列规则46、segment切分成分47、segmentation切分48、soft palate软腭49、stop塞音50、stress重音51、suprasegmentalfeatures超切分特征52、teeth ridge齿龈53、tone声调54、unrounded vowel非圆唇元音55、uvula小舌56、velar软腭音57、velum软腭58、voicing浊音化Chapter 3 Morphology 形态学1、affix词缀2、allomorph语素变体3、base词基4、bound morpheme黏着语素5、lexicon词汇6、closed classwords封闭词类7、pound words 合成词8、derivation派生;派生过程9、derivational morphem派生语素10、free morpheme自由语素11、inflectionalmorpheme屈折语素12、infinitive marker不定式标记13、morph形素14、morphological rules形态规则15、open classwords开放词类16、root词根17、stem词干Chapter 4Syntax 句法学1、auxiliary助动词2、category范畴3、plement补足语;补充成分4、plement clause补足分句5、coordinationrule并列规则6、coordinate structure并列结构7、deep structure深层结构8、determiner限定词9、head中心词10、head movement中心词移位11、insertion插入12、inversion倒装13、majorlexical categories主要词汇范畴14、matrix clause主句15、minor lexical categories次要词汇范畴16、phrase structure短语结构17、modifier修饰成分18、qualifier后置修饰成分19、specifier标志语20、subcategorization次范畴化21、surface structure表层结构22、syntactic category句法范畴23、trace语迹24、transformation转换Chapter5Semantics语义学1、antonymy反义现象2、argument谓元;变元3、behaviorism行为主义4、co-hyponym并列下义词5、collocationalsynonym搭配同义词6、plementaryantonym互补反义词7、pletehomonym完全同形异义词8、ponential analysis成分分析9、conceptualist view概念论10、contextualism语境主义11、contradition自相矛盾得说法12、dialectal synonym方言同义词13、emotive meaning情感意义14、entailment蕴含15、evaluative meaning评价意义16、gradable antonym层级反义词17、homograph同形异义词18、homonymy同音同形异义关系19、homophone同音异义词20、hyponym下义词21、hyponymy下义关系22、inconsistency自相矛盾23、polysemy多义关系24、polysymous word多义词25、presupposition预设26、predication analysis述谓分析27、predicate谓词28、namingtheory命名论29、no-place predicaiton空位述谓解耦股30、one-placepredication一位述谓结构31、reference(所指)语义32、referent所指物;所指对象33、relational opposite关系反义词34、semantic triangle语义三角35、sense意义36、stylistic synonym语体同义词37、superordinate上坐标词38、symbol符号39、synonym同义词40、synonymy同义关系41、two-place predicaiton二位述谓结构42、three-place predication三位述谓结构Chapter6 Pragmatics语用学1、missives承诺类2、CooperativePrinciple合作原则3、constatives述事话语4、context语境5、conventional implicature规约含义6、declarations宣告类7、directives指令类8、expressives表情类9、illocutionaryact言外功能10、illocutionary point言外之得11、implicature蕴含;含义;会话含义;言外之意12、indirectspeech act间接言语行为13、locutionary act言内行为14、maximofrelation关系准则15、maximof manner方式准则16、maxim of quality质准则17、maximofquantity量准则18、particularized conversational implicature特殊会话含义19、perfomatives行事话语20、perlocutionaryact言后行为21、presupposition前提22、primaryspeechact 主要言语行为23、representatives表述类24、secondary speechact次要言语行为25、sentence meaning句子意义26、speechacttheory言语行为理论27、utterance meaning话语意义Chapter 7 LanguageChange语言变化1、acronyms词首字母缩略词2、back-formation 逆成法3、blending混成法4、borrowing借词5、clipped words截略词6、coinage创新词7、functionalshift功能性变化8、historical linguistics历史语言学9、MiddleEnglish中世纪英语10、Modern English现代英语11、morphologicalchange形态变化12、negation rule否定规则13、Old English古英语14、phonological change音位变化15、semantic change语义变化16、semanticshift语义转移17、syntactic change句法变化Chapter 8 Languageand society语言与社会1、bilingualism双语制2、Black English黑人英语3、creole克里奥尔语4、diglossia双语;双言制5、ethnic dialect种族变体6、field of discourse语场7、gender性别8、idiolect个人变体9、mode ofdiscourse语式10、multilingualism多语制11、pidgin洋泾浜语12、regionaldialect地域方言13、register语域14、sociolect社会变体15、speechmunity言语社团16、speech variety言语变体17、tenor of discourse语旨Chapter 9Language andculture语言与社会1、acculturation 同化过程2、amalgamation混合3、assimilation同化(现象);同化(作用)4、connotativemeaning内涵意义5、colour words颜色词6、culturaloverlap文化重叠7、culturalimperialism文化帝国主义8、denotative meaning外延意义9、linguistic relativity语言相对性10、metaphor隐喻11、Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis萨丕尔——沃尔夫假说12、socialization社会化13、taboo禁忌语14、intercultural munication跨文化交际15、linguisticimperialism语言学中得帝国主义16、linguisticnationalism语言学中得民族主义Chapter 10 Language acquisition语言习得1、aphasia失语症2、behaviorist 行为主义者3、caretaker talk保姆式语言4、cognitivelinguistics认知语言学5、content word实词6、Critical PeriodHypothesis临界期假说7、dysgraphia书写困难8、dyslexia失读症9、feedback反馈10、function element起功能作用成分11、hearing impairment听力受损12、innatist语法天生主义者13、interactionist互动主义者14、LanguageAcquisition Device语言习得机制15、lexicalcontrast词汇对比16、mental retardation智障17、motherese保姆式语言18、over-extension过度扩展19、prototype theory原型理论20、recast修正性重复21、stuttering口吃22、telegraphic speech电报式言语23、under-extension扩展不足24、Universal Grammar普遍语法Chapter 11Second languageacquisition第二语言习得1、affect/social strategies社会策略2、ageofacquisition习得年龄3、cognitivestrategies认知策略4、prehensibleinput可理解性输入5、Constrastive Analysis对比分析6、cross-association互相联想7、Error Analysis错误分析8、foreign language外语9、foreigner talk外国人谈话10、fossilization语言石化(现象)11、Input Hypothesis输入假说12、instrumental motivation工具动机13、intake 纳入14、integrativemotivation综合动机15、interference干扰16、interlanguage中介语17、interlingual errors语际错误;受母语影响得错误18、Intralingual error语内错误19、intrinsic motivation内在动机20、intuition知觉;语感21、learnerlanguage学习者语言22、learning strategies学习策略23、language aptitude语言能力24、languagetransfer语言迁移25、metacognitive strategies元认知策略26、motivation动机27、modified input修改后得输入28、modified interaction变化性得互动29、negative transfer消极迁移;负迁移30、overgeneralization概括过头31、personality人格;性格;个性32、positive transfer积极迁移;正迁移33、resultativemotivation结果动机34、secondlanguage第二语言35、secondlanguage acquisition第二语言习得36、teacher talk教师谈话37、target language目标语Chapter 12Language and the brain 语言与大脑1、acquired dysgraphia习得性书写障碍2、acquired dyslexia习得性失读症3、angular gyrus隅骨4、autopsy studies尸检研究5、brain stem脑干6、Broca’s aphasia布罗卡失语症7、Broca’s area布罗卡区8、bottom-up processing自下而上处理过程cerebrum大脑9、central sulcus中央沟10、cerebellum小脑脑向背侧突出得一个较大得部分,尤与肌肉得共济运动与维持身体平衡有关11、cerebral hemisphere大脑半球12、cohort model交股模型13、putarized Axial Tomography计算机化轴向层面X射线摄影法14、corpus(语言)素材15、corpuscallosum胼胝体16、cortex大脑皮层17、deep dyslexia深层诵读困难18、Dichotic listening studies双耳分听实验19、event-related potential experiment20、eye movementexperiment眼动实验21、fissure裂缝;裂隙22、fluent aphasia流利性失语症23、frontal lobe额叶(大脑半球得前部,其下部位于颅前窝,后界中央沟24、Functional MRI功能磁共振成像25、garden path sentence花园路径句26、global aphasia整体性失语症27、gyrus回28、hierarchical structure层级结构29、late closure principle后封闭原则;晚封闭原则30、lateral fissure侧脑裂31、lateralization侧化32、lesion损害33、lexicaldecision词汇判断;词汇确定法34、lobes叶,身体器官得由表面得沟裂分出得部分35、longitudinalfissure纵裂36、MagneticResonance Imaging磁共振成像37、neuron神经细胞,神经元38、minimalattachment principle最低限度结合原则39、module模块;组块40、non-fluent aphasia失语症41、occipital lobe枕叶大脑半球得后叶,呈三面得锥形, 与前方得顶叶与下方得颞叶没有明显得界限42、parietal lobe顶叶Positron emission Tomography正电子发射X射线层析照相术;计算机辅助正电子发射断层扫描技术43、phologicaldyslexia拼音性失读症44、priming启动45、priming effect启动效应46、priming experiment启动实验47、right earadvantage右耳优势;右耳听力强48、selectional restriction选择限制49、sentenceambiguity句子歧义50、“Sodium Amystal“Test阿米妥纳实验Spoonerism斯本内现象51、splitbrain studies裂脑研究52、sulcus沟53、surface dyslexia浅层诵读困难54、syntactic parser句法处理器55、temporallobe颞叶56、timed-reading experiment限时阅读实验57、top-down processing自上而下处理过程58、Wernicke’s aphasia韦尼克失语症。