2015上半年大学英语四级模拟考试及答案(阅读)
2015上半年大学英语四级模拟题及答案(阅读) Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world's environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.
Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet a concern they believe the world at large should share.
The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the "east" of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. "West" of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.
While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious "dry valley"of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.
Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
[A] Antarctica and environmental Problems.
[B] Antarctica: Earth's Early-Warning station.
[C] Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post.
[D] Antarctica: a Mysterious Place.
2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?。
2015年6月英语四级阅读模拟题03及答案
2015年6月英语四级阅读模拟题03及答案D23editing much easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor.Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs reinforce ESL(English as a Second Language ) instruction, as well as instruction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improve their proficiency in a language while proceeding at their own pace.Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations far more quickly than they could without the use of computer.Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but indispensable to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts. marketing, and public relations find that knowledge of computer graphic is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results.It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A versatile tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.56. The word "literacy" (Line 1, Paragraph 1) means__________. A． the ability to read and writeB． the ability to use4C． literatureD． the knowledge of language57. The main purpose of this passage is to __________.A． persuade the educators to increase computer use in their own classroomB． analyze advantages and disadvantages of computer use among college studentsC． identify some of the ways that computers benefit college students D． describe how computers can be used to teach foreign languages 58. According to the author, a word processor can be used to __________. A． revise papersB． retype papersC． reduce the psychological burden of writing papersD． improve the writing skills of a student59. In this passage, the writer's argument is developed primarily through the use of __________.A． cause-effect analysisB． comparison and contrastC． inductionD． examples60. According to the author, the reason for students to go to college is__________.A． to learn somethingB． to perfect themselvesC． to improve computer skillsD． to make the best use of computersPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to5say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin to the cult (迷信) of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的) part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw (who was also very insistent on good pronunciation),audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, to exhibit 'lack of communication', and larded (夹杂) with the obscenities (下流的话) and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. " Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unit coyly (含蓄地) put it, "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar,6atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.61. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both __________.A． occasionally aim at a certain fluidityB． appear to shun perfectionC． from time to time show regard for the finishing touchD． make use of economical short cuts62. "Art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline" (Lines 6～7, Paragraph 1 ) means __________.A． an artist's work will be finer if he observes certain aesthetic standardsB． an unfinished work is bound to be comparatively inferiorC． the skill of certain artists conceals their slovenlinessD． artistic expression is inhibited by too many roles63. Many modem plays, the author finds, frequently contain speech which__________.A． is incoherent and linguistically objectionableB． is far too ungrammatical for most people to followC． unintentionally shocks the audienceD． tries to hide the author's intellectual inadequacies64. The author says that the standard of the spoken English of BBC__________.A． is the worst among all broadcasting networksB． has raised English-speaking up to a new levelC． has taken a turn for the worse since the 1960sD． is terrible because of a few popular disc jockeys65. Teachers are likely to overlook the linguistic lapses in their pupils since__________.A． they find that children no longer respond to this kind of discipline nowadays7B． they fear the children may become less coherentC． more importance is now attached to oral expressionD． the children may be discouraged from expressing their ideas【参考译文】[56]现在，越来越多的教育专家认为大学生一定要懂电脑。
2015年6月英语四级考试模拟卷及答案解析4
2015年6月英语四级考试模拟卷及答案解析Part one WritingDirections : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Sounds in three paragraphs You have been given the first sentence of each paragraph .You should write at least 100 words .Sounds1)The world is filled with many sounds_____________2)Some sounds are useful __________3)But some sounds are harmful _________Part threeReading Comprehension ( 35minutes )Directions : There are 4 passages in this part .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements .For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) , D) . Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center .Question 21 to 35 are based on the followingpassage .The beat generation mainly referred to the youth who were born and brought up around the Second World War . They showed their disdain ( ) for almost everything traditional , such as government authority , respect for parents , one’s duty , moral standards , and traditional customs . They developed a kind of absolute individualism and liberty. They preferred long hair , minidresses or close-fitting clothes to show off the figure . They advocated freedom of sex and cohabitation ( ) . Their influence could be seen from the fact that about one third of the American couples living together were not married by law . And the divorce rate was very high . The endless U.S wars abroad and sharp class struggle at home caused many American youths to develop akind of cynicism . They doubted the existing social system , possibility of harmonious human relations , and the long-honored standard for correct behavior . They felt society overlooked their needs . Therefore , they refused to do any duty that was required of them by society . They declared “Don’t believe anyone over thirty .”All this came from the sick society . It’s wrong to imagine they all fought against capitalism in support of revolutionary things . Some of their ideas were even more decadent () and impractical . It was an abnormal phenomenon in an abnormalsociety.21. Based on the passage , how many of one hundred and twenty American couples of the beat generation practiced cohabitation .A)about 20 couples B) about 40 couples C)about 60 couples D) about 30 couples22. Which of the following is TRUE accordingto the passage ?A)The beat generation refused to do any dutyB)The beat generation was in support ofalmost everything traditional .C)The beat generation believes no one exceptthat he is over thirty .D)The beat generation’s ideas were notimpractical .23. “Cynicism” in this passage most probablymeans ______.A)a state of mind against realismB) a state of mind doubting everything inexistence.C)a theory advocating mutual helpD)a theory advocating individualism24. The reason why the beat generation refused to cooperate with society was ____.A) they had no interest B) they found hard tocooperation with itC)the laws block their way to do so . D) theythought their need was neglected .25. This passage is mainly about _____.A)the young Americans B) the generation gap .C)the education of the young D) an Americansocial phenomenonQuestion 26 to 30 are based on the followingpassage .Tress should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , the number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from the tree to grow in itsown way .First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree heavier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air . One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is essential to make the area , which has been pruned smooth , and clean , for healing will be slowed down byroughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly .26. Pruning should be done to _____.A)make the tree grow taller . B) does notprotect them form the windC)get rid of the small branches D) make thesmall branches thicker .27. Trees become unhealthy if thegardener_______A)allows too many branches to grow in themiddleB)does not protect them from the windC)forces them grow too quicklyD)damages some of the small side branches.28 . Why is a special substance painted on thetree ?A)to make a wound smooth .B)to prevent disease entering a wound .C)to cover a rough surface .D) to help a wound to dry .29. A good gardener prunes tree ____A) at intervals throughout the yearB) as quickly as possibleC) occasionally when necessaryD) regularly every winter30 . What was the author’s purpose whenwriting this passage ?A)to give practical instruction for pruninga treeB)to give a gardener description of pruningC)to explain how trees develop diseaseD)to discuss different methods of pruningQuestion 31 to 35 are based on the followingpassage .On Thursday afternoon Mrs.Carke , dressed for going out , took her handbag with her money and her key in it , pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club . She always went there on Thursdays . It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone .At six o’clock she came home , let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke in her house ? How ? Had someone got in ? She checked the back door and the windows . All were locked or fastened , as usual . There was no sign of forced entry .Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-“a master key” perhaps . So she stayed at home the following Thursday .Nothing happened . Was anyone watching her movements ? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time , dressed as usual , but she didn’t go to the club . Instead she took a short cut home again , letting herself in through her garden and the back door . Shesettled down to wait .It was just after four o’clock when the front door bell rang . Mrs.Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time . The bell rang again , and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open . With the kettle of boiling water in her hand , she moved quietly towards the front door . A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box , and then a hand . The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door-lock Mrs.Clark raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand . These was a shout outside , and the skin seemed to drop off thefingers like a glove . The wire fell to the floor , the band was pulled back , and Mrs.Clarke heard the sound of running feet .31.Mrs.Clarke looked forward to Thursdaybecause ___________.A)She worked at a club on ThursdayB) She had visitors on ThursdayC) She visited a club on ThursdayD) a special visitor came on Thursday32. If someone had made a forced entry ______.A)Mrs. Clarke would have found a broken dooror window .B)He or she was still in the houseC)Things would have been thrown aboutD)He or she would have needed a master key33.On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out_____.A)because she didn’t want to miss the clubagainB)to see if the thief was hanging aboutoutsideC)to the club but then changed her mindD)in an attempt to trick the thief34.The lock on the front door was one which _____.A)needed a piece of wire to open itB)could be opened from outside without a keyC) couldn’t be opened without a keyD) used a knob instead of a key35. The wire fell to the floor _______.A)because Mrs. Clarke refused to open thedoorB) when the man’s glove dropped offC) because it was too hot to holdD) because the man just wanted to get awayQuestion 36 to 40 are based on the followingpassage .Disney World , Florida , is the biggest amusement resort in the world . It covers 24.4 thousand acres , and is twice the size of Manhattan .It was opened on October 1 , 1971 , five years later Walt Disney’s death , and it is a larger , slightly more ambitious version of Disneyland near Los Angeles . Foreigners tend to associate Walt Disney with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , and with his other famous cartoon characters , Mickey Mouse , Donald Duck and Pluto , or with his nature films , whose superb photography is spoiled , in the opinion of some , by the vulgarity of the commentary and musicalbackground .There is very little that could be called vulgar in Disney World . It attracts people of most taste and most income groups , and people of all ages , from toddlers to grandpas . There are two expensive hotels , a golf course , and forest trails for horseback riding and rivers for canoeing . But the central attraction of the resort is the Magic Kingdom .Between the huge parking lots and the Magic Kingdom lies a broad artificial lake . In the distance rise the towers of Cinderella’s Castle , which like every other building in the Kingdom is built of solid materials . Even getting to the Magic Kingdom’s is quite and adventure . You have a choice of transportation . You can either crossthe lake on a replica of a Mississippi paddle-wheeler , or you can glide around the shore in a streamlined monorail train .When you reach the terminal , you walk straight into a little square which faces Main Street is late 19th century . There are modernshops inside the buildings ,but all the decades are of the period . There are hanging baskets full of red and white flowers , and there is no traffic except a horse-draw streetcar and an ancient double-decider bus . Yet as you walk through the magic Kingdom , you are actually walking on top of a network of underground roads . This is how the shops , restaurants and all the other material needs of the Magic Kingdom are invisiblysupplied .36. In which year did Walt Disney die ?A)1971 B)1976 C)1966 D)190037. The main attraction of Disney World is_____.A)the Severn Dwarfs B) Mickey Mouse C) DonaldDuck D) The Magic World38. Reaching the Magic Kingdom is _______.A)Adventurous B) dangerous C) difficult D)easy39. When one visits the biggest amusement inthe world , one will find _____.A)it is relatively cheap B) it is very expensive C) it just wastes his time D) it isvulgar40 .Why is Disney World the most famousamusement resort ?A)It is funny B) It is interesting C) It is the biggest one D) It is the most expensivePart III Vocabulary and Structure (20minutes )Directions : There are 30 inco9mplete sentence in this part . For each sentence there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) , and D) . Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter .41. The number of _____ species increasesevery year as natural habitats disappear .A.dangerous B .serious C. endangered D.hazardous42. Aluminum as well as most metals _____.A.is a good conductorB. is a good insulatorC. are good conductorsD. are good insulators43. Outline are used most often to ______the contents of long complex papers before the actualwriting begins .A.sketchB. illustrateC. drawD. describe44. There are ten on the list , so you are_______.A . an eleventhB . the eleventhC . an elevenD . eleven 45. To get a high score ______.A . working hard is neededB . one must workhard .C . working hard is very importantD .requirement is what needed46 . “ I’m tired , but let’s go”“ Why____ rest a while ?”A.let’sB. not let’s C . not D . let’s not47. I shall never allow you to marry the poor girl and you are not may son if you _____.A . haveB . marriedC . do notD . do48. He is _____ of a musician .A . anybody B. anyone C . somebody D .something49. William the Conqueror built the Tower of London to protect himself from_____ he hadconquered .A . thoseB . each otherC . themD . it50 . I probably know him _____ but not _____ .A . by the sight …By nameB . by a sight …by nameC . by sight … by nameD . by the sight …by the name51 . I want an assistant with _____ little knowledge of French and ____ experience of officeroutine .A . the … aB . the … anC . a … theD .a … an52. She killed him not because she loved himless but ______.A . she loved the country moreB . loved thecountry moreC . loving the country more D. because sheloved the country more53. Then _____ of that time when he wascowboy .A . Comes the memoryB . came the memory C.the memory comes D . the memory came54. Busy ____ he is , he can fulfill the taskahead of schedule .A . becauseB . asC . no matter howD .although55. No sooner had he found his purse missing_____ he cried and shouted loudly .A . whenB . thanC . beforeD . while56 . Children , we have to _____ what we have now and it is for you to get better things in thefuture .A. make up for B . run away with C . do awaywith D . put up with57. Mr. Jack _____volleyball in the afternoon , but now his leg wounded , ____ in theevening .A . used to play … is used to taking a walkB . used to playing … is used to take a walkC . was used to playing … used to taking a walk D. was used to play … used to take a walk58. I wonder what the boy will ____ such a sumof money .A . do upB . do withC . do forD . do to59. Do you object _____with you tonight ?A . thatB . for my stayingC . to that I shallstay D . to my staying60. We must ____ the telegram arrived intime .A . secureB . assureC . ensureD . certify61. If only I _____ the books on the readinglist before I attended the lecture .A . readB . have readC . had readD . couldhave read62. While crossing the mountain areas , all the men had guns for protection lest they _____bythe local bandits .A . be attackedB . were attackedC . must beattacked D . would be attacked63 . He burned all the important documents ____ that they should fall into the enemy’shands .A . unlessB . for fearC . untilD . so64. Up went the prices , ______.A . down the living standard comeB . theliving standard came downC . came down the living standardD . down camethe living standard65. Although he is more serious _____ his studied than I am , my grades are better than his .A . withB . forC . aboutD . at66. People can _____ new ideas which nobodyever considered before .A . came intoB . come up withC . come outD . come along with67.During their first teacher-training year , the students often visited local schools for the____ of lessons .A. observationB. observanceC.investigation D. inspection68. Old men sat on the park benches , waitingthe village youths ____football .A. playB. playingC. to playD. played69. The science of medicine , _____ progress has been very rapid lately , is perhaps the most important of all science .A. to which B . with which C. in which D . amongwhich70. They were just going to give up the question , _____ suddenly they found the answer .A. whenB. afterC. unlessD. unlessPart IV Close (15 minutes )Direction : There are 20 blanks in the following passage . For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B ) , C ) , and D ) on the right side of the paper . You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre .In the next 40 years , the percentage of people in the United States over the age of 65 is expected to double . __71__the needs of this part of the populations a _72_ to the ingenuity () of America . To a _73_ degree , a society is judged by __74_ it cares for those who can no longer care_75_themselves .High technology _76_ the most startling advances in helping the elderly . In _77_ to the well-known artificial heart implantation () , there are efforts underway to _78_ artificial lungs , livers , and bones . An electric ear is _ 79_ seventy-five percent effective . The implants will _80_ better medical care by _81_ minute does of drugs into the body continuously .For the older people ,even the simplest tasks can be difficult , _82_ impossible to perform . American business have responded _83_ their needs with a _84_ of inexpensive but useful _85_ Companies have designed extra-efficient can openers that _86_ people whose hands have become -87_ weak to open cans easily . There are devices that allow people to pull on a pair of socks _88_straining their backs . Combs with long handles and U-shaped back brushes are _89_ for those who can not reach as _90_ as they could when they were young . 71.A) Seeing B) Meeting C)Facing D) Matching 72. A) chance B) challenge C)call D) change73. A) valuable B) comprehensive C)considerate D) considerable74. A) how B) why C) who D) whom75. A) with B) to C) upon D) for76. A) protects B) profits C) proclaims D)promises77. A) relation B) contrast C) addition D)proportion78. A) discover B) promote C) assemble D)develop79. A) thus B) still C) already D) yet80. A) permit B) persist C) serve D) pursue81. A) removing B)releasing C) relieving D)replacing82. A) always B) usually C) eventually D)sometimes83. A) to B) at C) with D) on84. A) set B) variety C) series D) group85. A)production B)produce C) products D)sales86. A)enable B) make C) cause D) encourage87. A) so B) very C) too D) rather88. A) by B)without C) in D) through89. A) valuable B) ready C) near D) available90. A) long B) good C) far D) much参考答案Writing SoundsThe world is filled with many sounds . Everyday we are surrounded by all kinds , such asmusic and noise .Some sounds are useful . Among these useful sound , music is very important . Music brings a lot of pleasure to us and makes our lives colorful . Of course , there are also other useful sounds . Such as whistles of police car which inform us togive way to emergency .But some sounds as harmful . For example , the noise made by the loudspeaker of a car can disturb our peaceful lives . Therefore , in some cities , cars are forbidden to blow whistles . In the end , we hope the world can be filled with more useful sounds and less harmful sounds .Listening Comprehension Section A1. C2. D3. A4. B5.C6. D7. A8. B9. C10. D11. domestic 12. conventional 13. scattered 14. remote 15. mountainous 16. extensive 17. competition 18. Despite 19. business 20. utilizedReading Comprehension21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 28.B 29.C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33.D 34. B 35. D 36.C 37.D 38. A 39. A 40. CPart III Vocabulary and Structure41. C 42. A 43. A 44. B 45. B46. C 47.D 48. D 49. A 50. C51. C 52. D 53. B 54. B 55. B56. D 57. A 58. B 59. B 60. C61. C 62. A 63. B 64. D 65. C66. B 67. A 68. B 69. C 70. A71. B 72. B 73. D 74. D 75. D76. D 77. C 78. D 79. C 80. A81. B 82. D 83. A 84. B 85. C86. A 87. C 88. B 89. D 90. C。
2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案解析(精品五)说课材料
2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案（精品试卷五）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA．,B．, C． and D．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest ofone's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.56. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things? A． By imitating what other people do.B． By making mistakes and having them corrected.C． By listening to explanations from skilled people.D． By asking a great many questions.57. The passage suggests that learning to speak and leaming to fide a bicycle are __________.A． not really important skillsB． more important than other skillsC． basically different from learning adult skillsD． basically the same as learning other skills58. According to the passage, the author thinks teachers in school should__________.A． allow children to learn by himself or herselfB． point out children's mistakes whenever they're foundC． correct children's mistakes as soon as possibleD． give children more book knowledge59. The author believes the teacher's role in children's learning should be__________.A． the identifier and corrector of their errorsB． their helper and guideC． the person to grade their performance and give feedbacksD． the person to pass on something essential to them60. The title of this passage could probably be__________.A． Let Teachers Stop WorkB． Let Us Make Children LearnC． Let Children Correct Their Own PapersD． Let Children Learn by ThemselvesPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.Psychologists who study optimization ( 最优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similarthey are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct ( 简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision thanshort-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"61. Of the following stepsis the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.A． listing the consequences of each solutionB． calculating a numerical summary of each solutionC． writing down all possible solutionsD． deciding which consequences are most important62. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that__________.A． has the fewest variables to considerB． uses the most decision worksheetsC． has the most points assigned to itD． is agreed to by the greatest number of people63. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by meansof__________.A． describing a processB． classifying different typesC． providing historical backgroundD． explaining a theory64. The author's attitude towards a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is __________.A． neuralB． approvingC． ambiguousD． biased65. The passage mainly discusses __________.A． a tool to assist in making complex decisionsB． a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisionsC． research on how people make decisionsD． differences between making long-range and short-range decisions【参考译文】让孩子学着评价自己的工作。
2015年英语四级阅读练习及答案(1)
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
People's tastes in recreation differ widely. At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians. They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines for four days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang ofroughstried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere. At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no moneyleft,andthey had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously.
2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案解析(精品五)
2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案（精品试卷五）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA．,B．, C． and D．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?"Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.56. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things? A． By imitating what other people do.B． By making mistakes and having them corrected.C． By listening to explanations from skilled people.D． By asking a great many questions.57. The passage suggests that learning to speak and leaming to fide a bicycle are __________.A． not really important skillsB． more important than other skillsC． basically different from learning adult skillsD． basically the same as learning other skills58. According to the passage, the author thinks teachers in school should__________.A． allow children to learn by himself or herselfB． point out children's mistakes whenever they're foundC． correct children's mistakes as soon as possibleD． give children more book knowledge59. The author believes the teacher's role in children's learning should be__________.A． the identifier and corrector of their errorsB． their helper and guideC． the person to grade their performance and give feedbacksD． the person to pass on something essential to them60. The title of this passage could probably be__________.A． Let Teachers Stop WorkB． Let Us Make Children LearnC． Let Children Correct Their Own PapersD． Let Children Learn by ThemselvesPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.Psychologists who study optimization ( 最优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining theproblem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct ( 简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision thanshort-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"61. Of the following stepsis the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.A． listing the consequences of each solutionB． calculating a numerical summary of each solutionC． writing down all possible solutionsD． deciding which consequences are most important62. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that__________.A． has the fewest variables to considerB． uses the most decision worksheetsC． has the most points assigned to itD． is agreed to by the greatest number of people63. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by meansof__________.A． describing a processB． classifying different typesC． providing historical backgroundD． explaining a theory64. The author's attitude towards a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is __________.A． neuralB． approvingC． ambiguousD． biased65. The passage mainly discusses __________.A． a tool to assist in making complex decisionsB． a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisionsC． research on how people make decisionsD． differences between making long-range and short-range decisions【参考译文】让孩子学着评价自己的工作。
2015年6月大学英语四级考试全真模拟题及答案
2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟题及答案听力原文及答案Part I Writing 写作范文Being connected to some great friends of mine in college is really a wonderful feeling. Like most college undergraduates, I happened to meet a good member of good friends when I set foot on my university’s beautiful campus. They are all helpful, energetic and intelligent. So, I have trouble pointing my finger at one particular friend who is the most inspiring one to me. After long deliberation, I decide to write about Jim, who is such a guy in some sense.I do have my reasons to take him as the most inspiring friend in the past three years of college. Firstly, he has an ability to manage his time and his priorities very well every day, so he is a good example in this sense to me, a lazy guy who is always desperate to fulfill my schedule. Secondly, Jim helps or leads me to success in my study, by encouraging and sometimes pushing me to form good learning habits. Thirdly, he has a positive attitude towards life, never complaining and always seeing thebright sides of things. I really want to learn to be a guy just like that.In the deep of my mind, I take Jim as one of my best friends.I learned a great deal from him. I feel comfortable staying and studying together with him. Rather, I should say, I am immensely motivated and inspired by him, in a serious sense.Part II Listening Comprehension 听力原文Section A1. W: When was the last time you bought me a flower? After our graduation from college and having been working for ten years, do you remember?M: Oh, sorry, darling. Which year did we finish our college?Q: What does the man imply?2. W: Come along, Jack, there’s a taxi coming to us.M: Ok, let’s hurry to catch it before others do. It’s hard to get one at this time of the rush hour in the morning.Q: What does the man most probably mean?3. M: A nita, it seems you’re heading for the library. Do you have much homework to do these days?W: Yes, I can’t complain. But, I have to finish reading those books on my reading list and hand in my term paper on American literature within two days.Q: What do we learn about the woman?4. W: Dealing with the statistics really bores me to death.I hope I can get done with it sooner.M: Relax! You know, we all have the same task. Just do it step by step. It will be done finally.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?5. W: Larry, you said you’d file your article to me before leaving yesterday. I didn’t find it in my inbox.M: I’m awfully sorry. I’m doing the final touch to the article. I promise, it will be good in a few minutes.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?6. M: I’m not surprised that you didn’t take interest in these programs of Spring Festival Gala. I know, you usually don’t like noisy TV programs.W: Don’t talk about me. It appears to me that you enjo yed them very much, indeed.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7. M: My life experience makes me realize that honesty always is the best policy.W: It seems you have an excessively positive understanding of that word.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?8. M: How many gifts should I prepare for our daughter’s graduation ceremony? She said she’d give one to each of her classmates.W: I think thirty five will do. Wait a second. Let’s get 5 more for her teachers.Q: What are the two speakers talking about? Conversation OneM: Have you heard about the too-pretty-to-work case on TV?A girl who is very pretty is actually fired by her employer. Can you believe that?W: That’s really weird. By law, one can’t be fired for hi s or her appearance. Employers can’t fire someone based on race, gender, age or disabilities.M: But, that happens frequently in our workplace. If one female employee’s clothes are too revealing, and her boss doesn’t like it, she’ll be somehow fired.W: There’s no accounting for tastes. But, it’s illegal to do that, firing someone for inappropriate clothes. I guess, there’re many similar cases like that.M: That’s for certain. It’s unacceptable in the eyes of some employers if one’s too attractive.But, being ugly is also not good by some employers’ standard.W: By the same line of reasoning, being too fat may also be a problem.M: That’s true. Employers refuse to hire or promote overweight people because of their body weight, especially overweight women.W: If that happens, those employers can also be criticized for their discrimination against women, not only for their illegal discrimination based on body weight.M: Other cases may open your eyes further. I have been told three times that someone is fired for his shoes, for being too short, and even for being too young.W: Wow, how can we deal with these sorts of discrimination? Maybe, it’s advisable for us to ask help from an employment lawyer before starting to hunt for a job.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What has law said about employers’ firing employees?10. Why are overweight women more likely to be fired than overweight male employees?11. What’s the woman’s suggestion to one who’s facing workplace discrimination?Conversation TwoW: Cycling in modern cities is very dangerous. A cyclist may run into traffic accidents and get seriously hurt. However, cycling has many potential plus points.M: As far as I know, the increase in the number of people who cycle, rather than drive, could not only reduce air pollution and green gas emissions, but also lower people’s risk of developing a number of diseases.W: Besides that, many studies in Copenhagen also found positive benefits of cycling. They found people who did not cycle to work experienced a 39% higher death rate than those who did. In other words, cycling extends people’s life span.M: That’s true. But, as you mentioned just now, cycling through heavy traffic may be rather dangerous. The question is, how can large cities do to make cycling safer and more attractive to people.W: The first idea occurring to me is that large cities have to do some work on urban design and relevant policies.M: I heard European cities like Paris have done a lot in these fields, to make cycling safe. Though many of the streets in Paris are centuries old, and comparatively speaking, very narrow, bike lanes have been prominently planned and marked. Although some lanes are often crazily disconnected, disappearing and appearing again in a seemingly random, it can be seen that Paris has achieved much in urban design.W: How about relevant policies in Paris? Are there policies established in favor of cycling?M: Yes, Paris did very well in this aspect. For example, by law, cars are required to drive under a speed limit of 30 kph. Otherwise, the driver will be fined heavily for speeding. It makes cyclists feel much safer, even cycling close to cars on the road.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What’s the dangerous side of cycling in modern cities?13. What can cycling help our environment?14. What’s true about bike lanes in Paris?15. What policy does Paris adopt for the benefit of cyclists?Section BPassage OneIt takes time and effort to nurture the parent-child relationship. As is well known, the quality of the relationship between parents and their children is often threatened by long, non-traditional work hours and the influence of social media. Spending more quality time with your child, engaged in activity or conversation, can help mend a troubled relationship.Research shows that effective communication is essential in building a strong parent-child relationship. Effective communication involves both speaking and listening to what others have to say. Parents of young children can effectively communicate with their children by inquiring about events in their lives and using play activities to strengthen communication. Adolescents can benefit from instructional, yet empathetic, discussions with parents, and they may resist parental communication that is overly authoritarian.Besides, improved communication and quality time spent between you and your child can enhance your relationship. On the contrary, a lack of attention can cause problems, including displays of acting-out behaviors, in the parent-child relationship, says child development assistant specialist Deborah Richardson. Acting out includes the demonstration of disruptive behaviors, such as violence toward others and defiance toward authority.What’s more, parents can use disciplinary strategies that teach their teens how to make wise choices as they become more independent, as opposed to simply utilizing strategies designed to keep teens obey their orders. Adolescence can be a frustrating time for both parents and teens, as parents realize that old disciplinary strategies no longer work, and teens struggle to balance their need for independence alongside parental rules.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What may lead up to a bad parent-child relationship?17. How can parents communicate effectively with their children?18. What’s mentioned about disciplinary strategies?Passage TwoDoes exercise slow the aging process? A study in 2008 found a big difference in the cells of those who enjoyed leisure time exercise compared to those who lounged on the couch in their spare time. The most active people showed a slowing of cell changes associated with aging: their cells appeared the same as sedentary people who were 10 years younger. This adds to the growing body of evidence that regular physical exercise cuts risks for aging-related illnesses such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.The study looked at the lifestyles and cells of 2,401 twins. By studying twins, the researchers knew they were looking at people who had similar genetic factors. They charted physical activity, smoking, socioeconomic status, differences in body mass index, weight, smoking and physical activity at work over the past 12 months. Then they looked within twins’ white blood cells. As people age, those cells get ragged and leads to damageof the genes. Previous research leads scientists to believe that the life of white blood cells gets shorter as people age, and it may be used as a marker for aging.The more active a participant was, the longer the life of white blood cells was when compared to those of a similar age who were less active. This finding stood up when comparing twin to twin when one was more active than the other. And, the active twin had healthier white blood cells, which means being 4 years younger, than their inactive twin.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What does the 2008 study tell us about active people?20. What can be concluded from the process of studying twins?21. What is said of white blood cells?Passage ThreeDo you know what the largest desert is in the world? To be considered a desert, an area must have less than 250 millimeters of annual rainfall. By that criterion, the continent ofAntarctica is the largest desert on Earth. Antarctica is the southernmost continent. At 14.0 million square km, it is the fifth-largest continent in area and the smallest by population. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice, which averages 1.6 km. Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent. It is considered a desert because its annual rainfall can be less than 51 millimeters in the interior. And there is little or no tall plants on its surface. There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 researchers inhabit the research stations scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted plants and animals survive here: penguins, seals, and so on.If you think that a desert cannot be covered in ice and snow, then the Sahara Desert would be the largest desert. The Sahara is what most people imagine when they think of a desert. It is the world’s largest hot weather desert, covering over9,400,000 square km. It is nearly as large as the United States. Some of the sand hills are 180 meters in height. Unlike Antarctica, the Sahara region is heavily populated. It is home to a number of people and languages. Arabic is the most widely spoken language. The Berber people are found from western Egypt to Morocco and the Beja live in the Red Sea Hills.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What’s said about Antarc tic?23. What’s mentioned about human residents on Antarctic?24. What’s true about the Sahara Desert?25. What’s the major difference between Antarctic and the Sahara Desert?Section CAs a parent, you may realize the crucial importance education has in our lives. However, your child may be 26. reluctant to listen to any of your arguments, thoughts, and ideas. A student 27. disinterested in education will miss college lectures and perform extremely poorly in assessments tests. In the worst cases, students may stop attending the school or college, and sit at home without any 28. concern for their career, education, and life. In order to motivate the students back to their college life and career, parents should first find out the 29. root causes of this lack of motivation.As listed below, there are two of the 30. prominent reasons that can cause students to be demotivated.Firstly, poor self-esteem. Low self-esteem in students forces them to 31. quit challenges and accept the path of least resistance. Even if these students try and complete some tasks, they are clouded by many negative thinking patterns that block the flow of confidence in their 32. personalities.Secondly, lack of love at home. Home is the first school for a kid, and every student expects a lot of support and love from parents. The environment of a home shapes a child’s attitude in the 33. initial years of life. A home where curiosity and education is given importance will 34. definitely motivate students to pursue academic challenges. If the parents are away from their kids, and are unaware of what their kid is doing in the school, then even the child feels neglected and 35. steps back from taking responsibilities and challenges. After all, parents are the biggest motivators.答案1. B2. C3. A4. B5. C6. D7. C8. B9. D 10. A11. C12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C16. A 17. B 18. C19. A 20.D21. C22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B26. reluctant 27. disinterested 28. concern 29. root causes 30. prominent31. quit 32. personalities 33. initial 34.definitely 35. steps back from36. J 37. C 38. A 39. N 40. H41. B 42. L 43. D 44.F 45. O46. G 47. F 48. H 49. N 50. I51. L 52. E 53. A 54.D 55. K56. A 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. B61. A 62. C 63. B 64.A 65. DPart IV TranslationThe China National Tourism Administration has deemed 2015 as the Year of Silk Road Tourism, and provinces along the ancient business route are promoting themed tours. Hainan is an important link in the Maritime Silk Road. Many heritages ofthe historic Maritime Silk Road are scattered among the cities in the province. Seven themed tours were recently launched in Hainan province by the local government to provide tourists an alternative to inland Silk Road travel. Starting from Quanzhou, the Maritime Silk Road stretches along the East and South China seas, passes the Malacca Strait, Indian Ocean and enters Europe through the Red Sea.。
2015年大学英语四级阅读理解题及解析
2015年大学英语四级阅读理解题及解析Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.?The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water whiletrying to swim.1. The passage is mainly about____.A) the uses of life preserversB) the design of life preserversC) the materials for life preserversD) the buoyancy of life preservers2. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____.A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting3. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____.A) with as few strings as possibleB) capable of being worn on both sidesC) according to each wearer's sizeD) comfortable and light to wear4. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____.A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserverB) who has a little experience in using a life preserverC) who uses a life preserver without permissionD) who becomes nervous before a disaster5. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?A) The waves would move him backwards.B) The water would choke him.C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.答案与解析：1. B文章主要讲述了救生衣的设计。
2015年12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案(9)
大学英语四六级考试/模拟试题2015年12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案（9）Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?”“When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?”“And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?”When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side? If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or“You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “lucky dog”? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. Butbringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speakeris trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all thestarving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____.A) feels happy, thinking of how nice hisfriends were to himB) feels he may not have “read” hisfriends' true feelings correctlyC) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friendD) is sorry that his friends let him down22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____.A) is just being friendlyB) expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.”C) is humorous to apply the word “dog” to peopleD) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____.A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eyeB) to listen to how he pronounces his wordsC) to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his postureD) not to believe what he says24.If you followed the advice of the writer, you would ____.A) weigh carefully what people say to determine their real meaningB) get along well with peopleC) trust what other people sayD) have no doubts about our friends25.This passage tries to tell you how to____.A) avoid mistakes about both money and peopleB) say things elegantlyC) avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell youD) keep people friendly without trusting themQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber (安睡), your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing were slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level willincrease again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids (眼皮) as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.26.The stages of sleep take on ____.A) an irregular aspect. B) a regular aspectC) a punctual aspect D) a similar aspect27.Stage 4 sleep lasts ____.A) about 80 minutesB) about 4060 minutesC) about 30 munutesD) about 2040 minutes28.The brain waves are the slowest during____.A) stage 1 C) stage 4 B) stage 2 and stage3 D) REM sleep29.In the second paragraph the word “dart”means ____.A) glare B) move rapidly or suddenly C) stop moving D) gaze30.One of the features of REM sleep is that ____.A) there are large slow waves, though rapid for the first few minutesB) you have the deepest sleepC) there are no brain wavesD) the brain waves are a little fast and the brain becomes a little activeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent( 透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to bevirtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as inchess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. Although this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses, the same principles apply to all lenses.The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player: the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory,chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover, their price may lower, in spite of the fact that 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that havemade his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.31.Lens design and chess playing are similar in that ____.A) the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are knownB) perfect solutions to a problem can be foundC) any one decision at any point along the way to the goal can bring numerous possible resultsD) both A and C32.The final goal of designing a lens is____.A) to trap the opponent's lensesB) to focus light with lensesC) to hand make lenses at low costD) to reflect light by means of curved surfaces33.After the passage the author will talk about ____.A) the principles of designing lensesB) techniques of making contact lensesC) the design of photographic lensesD) styles of lenses34.Which of the following words cannot be used to describe today's lenses?A) More delicate. B) Cheaper. C) Numerous. D) Unpopular.35.Lens designers today ____.A) have a large source of help to fall back on B) receive a low salaryC) are less respectable than those of the past D) are not decisive in the lens design Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a dual function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing ofreports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution ofarticle writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.In Part Ⅱ, a change of emphasis at one pointis reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ: The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, anentirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though astudy of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.36.The passage is most probably a preface to____.A) a technical writing handbook B) a handbook on composition C) a book on a literary writing D) a scientific paper37.In part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.A) Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal ReportsB) Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—MechanicsC) Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special ProblemsD) Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics38.You can find some writing exercises in ____.A) the chapter on Organization B) the chapter on StyleC) the chapter on Special Problems D) the chapter on Proposals39.According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.A) Part Ⅰ of the first edition B) Part Ⅱof the second edition C) Part Ⅰ of the second edition D) Part Ⅱ of the third edition40.Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition?A) There isn't the chapter on Special Types of Reports.B) The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.C) The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.D) There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41.____ allow the vegetable to go bad, he sold them at half price.A) More than B) Rather than C) Other than D) Better than42.Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical ____.A) facilities B) appliances C) instruments D) equipment43.He ____ him what he asked.A) denied B) refuted C) ignored D) deprived44.The book does not ____ children.A) submit to B) appeal to C) confess to D) consent to45.We have every size of shoe in ____.A) storing B) stock C) sale D) shop46.I ____ this man with receiving stolen goods.A) accuse B) charge C) scold D) blame47.You've made a mistake—you've ____ the word.A) left out B) left off C) left behind D) left for48.Scientists first ____ the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.A) competed B) conceived C) consumed D) concealed49.You may take an oral or written exam ____ what you prefer.A) according as B) according to C) accordingly D) in accord50.The desks and seats can be ____ to the height of any child.A) adopted B) shifted C) adjusted D) corrected51.No further discussion ____ , the meeting was brought to a close.A) arising B) raising C) arousing D) rising52. ____ , the British working class is better off today than it was a generation ago.A) By and large B) In detail C) By no meansD) By and by53.Every man has the right to live where he wants to, ____ the colour of his skin.A) regardless of B) prior to C) in case ofD) for the sake of54.The potato crop of 1946 was ____ that of 1945.A) superior than B) superior to C) more superior to D) more superior than55.Books are ____ to scholars.A) indispensable B) indifferent C) bound toD) accustomed to56. ____ such a difficult task, we must redouble our efforts.A) To face with B) We are facing C) Faced with D) Facing with57.Either of these young ladies ____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek, Latin and French.A) were B) are C) is D) have been58.Your hair needed ____ I am glad you hadit cut.A) cut B) cutting C) to cut D) being cut59.Studying hard is more rewarding ____.A) than to be lazy B) than being lazy C) than to be like a lazy person D) than it is to be lazy60.The Latin class had twenty students, ____ had had much better language training than I.A) most of which B) which C) most of them D) most of whom61.I wish that he ____ to the movies with me yesterday.A) went B) could go C) was gone D) could have gone62. ____ , the more necessary it is to break it up into a number of parts which the reader can visualize.A) The more complex a subject becomes B) The more becomes a subject complex C) A subject becomes the more complex D) The more subjects become essential63.Close the door, ____ ? A) will you B) do you C) shall you D) don't you64. ____ at the railway station when it began to rain.A) Hardly had he arrived B) Hardly he had arrived C) No sooner did he arrive D) No sooner arrived he65.The storm ____ , they had to live in a cave.A) has destroyed their hut B) to destroy their hut C) having destroyed their hut D) being destroyed66. ____ the number of paid holidays enjoyed by most employees in the company, three weeks of vacation seems generous.A) Compared with B) Compared C) Comparing with D) Comparing67.It was going to be some time ____ he would see his father again.A) since B) when C) until D) before68.He is younger than ____.A) any other boy in the classB) any boy in the classC) all boys in the classD) you and me as well as the class69.The establishment of the company shall start from the day ____the business license of the company is issued.A) which B) on which C) in which D) whenever70.You ____ me because I didn't say that.A) must misunderstand B) must be misunderstanding C) must have misunderstood D) had to misunderstandPart Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in the Reading Comprehension of the Test Paper. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.71. You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutesafter you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly.(Passage 2, Para.2, the First Sentence)72. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent (透明的) elements with precisely curvedsurfaces.(Passage 3, Para.1, the Third Sentence)73. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually,infinite.(Passage 3, Para.1,the Fifth Sentence)74. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.(Passage 4,Para.2,the Last Sentence)75.Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.(Passage 4, Para.4,the Last Sentence) Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)Directions:In this section you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled “Layoffs(下岗) in State owned Enterprises”. Thefirst sentence is given to you. Your composition should be no less than 100 words. Remember that the contents of the outline should be included in your composition. You should write your composition on the Answer Sheet.Lay offs in State owned Enterprises1. 下岗是改革的需要;2. 下岗会带来的问题;3. 如何对待下岗所带来的问题;答案 Part Ⅱ1短文大意本文与我们日常生活关系十分密切。
2015年大学英语四级阅读习题及答案
2015年大学英语四级阅读习题及答案There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and oppor rtunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal 答案：a d c b c。
2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案解析(精品二)
2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案解析(精品二)Dprobably rose because an "oracle" ( 圣贤) suffered from dyspepsia (消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.56. This passage focuses on__________.A． why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipmentB． the digestibility of fried foodsC． how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparation D． why fried foods have long been frowned upon57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods because __________. A． they are healthfulB． they are much cheaperC． they can be easily digestedD． they can provide the calories the workers need58. The author implies that the public should__________.A． prepare some foods by fryingB． avoid fried foods if possibleC． fry foods for adults but not for childrenD． prepare all foods by frying59. When the author says that "an 'oracle' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he is being__________. A． gratefulB． factualC． sarcasticD． humorous60. The passage was probably taken from__________.A． a medical journalB． a publication addressed to the general publicC． a speech at a medical conventionD． an advertisement for cooking oilPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South ( 发展中国家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there alsodecided to go back to the countries where they had studied.In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientistsand technicians to return to Latin America.In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate ( 移居国外的 ) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain (人才流失) fromthese countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.61. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage? A． The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their own needs for modernization.B. The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.C． Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.D． The International Organization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals to return to their own countries in a single year.62. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brain power?A． Many professionals did not feel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.B． "Temporary return" programs encouraged professionals to work in theirhome countries for short periods.C． The new laws of the international market encourage knowledge transfer. D． The professionals from the developing countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply their knowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.63. In the author's opinion, the developing countries should __________. A． keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return after graduationB． cooperate more effectively with international organizations C． set up more return programs under the guidance of the UND． send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their own countries64. According to the passage, the problem of the developing countries will continue__________.A． as long as the developed countries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domesticallyB． as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structuresC． unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroadD． if theh governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals65. The best title for the passage is__________.A． The Brain Drain of the Developing CountriesB． Knowledge TransferC． The Talents from the Developing CountriesD． The Failure of Development Programs【参考译文】很长时间以来，人们都不喜欢油炸食品。