大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(1)

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大学英语四级模拟题01及答案

Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Western Festival: Welcome or Reject? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 西方的节日越来越深的影响着许多中国年青人的生活。

2. 有人认为西方的节日使很多中国的传统日益淡化。

3. 你的观点。

Western Festival: Welcome or Reject?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Our dreams combine verbal, visual and emotional stimuli into a sometimes broken, nonsensical but often entertainingstory line. We can sometimes even solve problems in our sleep. Or can we? Many experts disagree on exactly what the purpose of our dreams might be. Are they strictly random brain impulses, or are our brains actually working through issues from our daily life while we sleep -- as a sortof coping mechanism? Should we even bother to interpret our dreams? Many say yes, that we have a great deal to learn from our dreams.Why do we Dream?For centuries, we've tried to figure out just why our brains play these nightly shows for us. Early civilizations thought dream worlds were real, physical worlds that they could enter only from their dream state. Researchers continue to toss around many theories about dreaming. Those theories essentially fall into two categories:● The idea that dreams a re only physiological stimulations● The idea that dreams are psychologically necessaryPhysiological theories are based on the idea that we dream in order to exercise various neural connections that some researchers believe affect certain types of learning. Psychological theories are based onthe idea that dreaming allows us to sort through problems, events of the day or things that are requiring a lot of our attention. Some of these theorists think dreams might be prophetic. Many researchers andscientists also believe that perhaps it is a combination of the two theories.Dreaming and the BrainWhen we sleep, we go through five sleep stages. The first stage isa very light sleep from which it is easy to wake up. The second stage moves into a slightly deeper sleep, and stages three and four represent our deepest sleep. Our brain activity throughout these stages is gradually slowing down so that by deep sleep, we experience nothing but delta brain waves -- the slowest brain waves. About 90 minutes after we go to sleep and after the fourth sleep stage, we begin REM sleep.Rapid eye movement (REM) was discovered in 1953 by University of Chicago researchers Eugene Aserinsky, a graduate student in physiology, and Nathaniel Kleitman, Ph.D., chair of physiology. REM sleep isprimarily characterized by movements of the eyes and is the fifth stage of sleep.How to Improve Your Dream RecallIt is said that five minutes after the end of a dream, we have forgotten 50 percent of the dream's content. Ten minutes later, we've forgotten 90 percent of its content. Why is that? We don't forget our daily actions that quickly. The fact that they are so hard to remember makes their importance seem less.There are many resources both on the Web and in print that willgive you tips on how to improve your recall of dreams. Those who believe we have a lot to learn about ourselves from our dreams are big proponents of dream journals. Here are some steps you can take to increase your dream recall:● When you go to bed, t ell yourself you will remember your dreams.● Set your alarm to go off every hour and half so you'll wake up around the times that you leave REM sleep -- when you're most likely to remember your dreams. (Or, drink a lot of water before you go to bed to ensure you have to wake up at least once in the middle of the night!)● Keep a pad and pencil next to your bed.● Try to wake up slowly to remain within the "mood" of your last dream. Common Dream Themes and Their Interpretations● Being naked in publ icMost of us have had the dream at some point that we're at school, work or some social event, and we suddenly realize we forgot to put on clothes! Experts say this means: ◆ We're trying to hide something (and without clothes we have a hard time doing that).◆ We're not prepared for something, like a presentation or test (and now everyone is going to know -- we're exposed!).If we're naked but no one notices, then the interpretation is that whatever we're afraid of is unfounded. If we don't care that we're naked, the interpretation is that we're comfortable with who we are.● FallingYou're falling, falling, falling... and then you wake up. This is a very common dream and is said to symbolize insecurities and anxiety. Something in your life is essentially out of control and there isnothing you can do to stop it. Another interpretation is that you have a sense of failure about something. Maybe you're not doing well in schoolor at work and are afraid you're going to be fired or expelled. Again, you feel that you can't control the situation.● Being chasedThe ever-popular chase dream can be extremely frightening. What it usually symbolizes is that you're running away from your problems. What that problem is depends on who is chasing you. It may be a problem at work, or it may be something about yourself that you know is destructive. For example, you may be drinking too much, and your dream may be telling you that your drinking is becoming a real problem.● Taking an exam (or forgetting that you have one)This is another very common dream. You suddenly realize you are supposed to be taking an exam at that very moment. You might be running through the hallways and can't find the classroom. This type of dreamcan have several variations that have similar meanings. (Maybe your pen won't write, so you can't finish writing your answers.) What experts say this may mean is that you're being scrutinized about something or feel you're being tested -- maybe you're facing a challenge you don't think you're up to. You don't feel prepared or able to hold up to the scrutiny. It may also mean there is something you've neglected that you know needs your attention.● FlyingMany flying dreams are the result of lucid dreaming (清醒梦). Notall flying dreams are, however. Typically, dreaming that you are flying means you are on top of things. You are in control of the things thatmatter to you. Or, maybe you've just gained a new perspective on things. It may also mean you are strong willed and feel like no one and nothing can defeat you. If you are having problems maintaining your flight, someone or something may be standing in the way of you having control. If you are afraid while flying, you may have challenges that you don't feel up to.● Running, but going now hereThis theme can also be part of the chasing dream. You're trying to run, but either your legs won't move or you simply aren't going anywhere -- as if you were on a treadmill (踏车). According to some, this dream means you have too much on your plate. You're trying to do too many things at once and can't catch up or ever get ahead.1. This passage mainly discusses different theories about why we have dreams at night.2. Early theories held that dreams were reflection of people’s real, physical worlds.3. According to physiological theories, dreaming allows us to sort through problems or events of the day that require our attention.4. REM occurs at the third and fourth stage during which we experience the deepest sleep.5. The reason why dreams do not seem important is that they are very difficult to remember.6. Trying to get recorded what you said or did in your dream can help increase your dream recall.7. If a person dreams he is naked but is not noticed by others, it means what he is afraid of is groundless.1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]8. You re falling, falling, falling in your dream, which is said to symbolize .9. Being chased in a dream usually means that you’re escaping from your .10. One of the interpretations for flying dreams is that you are and nothing can defeat you.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.A department store’s inputs include the l and upon which the building is located, the labor of the employees, (47) ______ in the form of building, equipment and merchandise, and the management skills of the store managers. On a farm, the operation system is the transformation that occurs when a fa rmer’s (48) ______ (land, equipment, labor, etc.) are converted into such outputs as corn, wheat or milk. The exact form of the conversion process (49) ______ from industry to industry, but it is an (50) ______phenomenon that exists in every industry. Economists refer to this (51) ______ of resources into goods and services as the production function. For all operation systems, the general goal is to create some kind of value-added outputs that are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the inputs. To the consumers, the resulting products (52) ______ utility due to the form, the time, or the place of their availability from the conversion process.However, the process is subject to random changes. Unplanned or uncontrollable influences may cause the actual output to differ from planned output. Random fluctuations can arise from external disruption(fire, floods or lightning, for example) or from (53) ______ problems inherent in the conversion process. Inherent variability of equipment, material imperfections, and human errors all affect output quality (54)______. In fact, random variations are the rule rather than the exception in production processes; therefore, (55) _____ variation becomes a major management task.The function of the feedback is to provide (56) ______ linkages. Without some feedback of information, management personnel cannot control operations because they don' t know the results of their directions.A) offerB) capitalC) mediumD)difficultE) variesF) differentlyG) proposalH) transformation I) beautifullyJ) economicK) reducingL) internalM) inputsN) affordO) informationSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillarsin the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatestnumber of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently --- this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done --- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets --- while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life --- nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.57. In the opening sentence the author indicates that ________.A) most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.B) those who truly helped civilization forward is rarely mentioned in history books.C) history books focus more on conquerors than on those who helped civilization forward.D) conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.58. In the author’s opinion, the countries that rul ed over a large number of other countries are ________.A) certainly both the greatest and the most civilizedB) neither the most influential nor the most civilized.C) possibly the most civilized but not the most powerful.D) likely the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.59. The meaning of “That is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.”(Last sentence of Paragraph 2) is that________.A) those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.B) only those who are powerful have the right to go to war.C) those who are right should fight against those who are wrong.D) in a war only those who are powerful will win.60. In the third paragraph, what the author wants to convey to us is that ________.A) World War I and World War II are different from previous wars.B) our age is not much better than those of the past.C) modern time is not so civilized compared with the past.D) we have fought fewer wars but suffered heavier casualties.61. This passage is most likely taken from an article entitled________.A) War and World PeaceB) Creators of CivilizationC) Civilization and HistoryD) Who Should Be RememberedPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmlesspeople or ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others.A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence. Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent ofall automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychologicalcondition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort drivers' reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one's emotions under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations; they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents. And many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised bothat the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident expertsstill worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constantcare and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things pose a threat to those with whom they share the road.62. The word “massacre” in line 3 paragraph one means _____A) mass-killing. B) disaster. C) tragedy. D) accident.63. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A) To show that the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention.B) To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers.C) To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions.D) To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving.64. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded asa social problem because _____.A) autos have become most destructive to mankindB) people usually pay little attention to law and moralityC) civilization brings much harm to peopleD) the lack of virtue is becoming more severe65. Why does the author mention the psychological condition of the driver in Paragraph Three?A) To give an example of the various reasons for road accidents.B) To show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthy.C) To show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchers.D) To illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving.66. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accidents?A) Careless bicycle-riders.B) Mindless people walking in the street.C) Irresponsible drivers.D) Irresponsible manufactures of automobiles.Part V Cloze(15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Today the world's economy is going through two great changes, both bigger than an Asian financial crisis here or a European monetary union there.The first change is that a lot of industrial_67_is moving from the United States, Western Europe and Japan to _68 _countries in Latin America, South-East Asia and Eastern Europe. In 1950, the United States alone _69_ for more than half of the world's economy output. In 1990,its _70_ was down to a quarter. By 1990, 40% of IBM's employees werenon-Americans; Whirlpool, America's leading _71_ of domestic appliances, cut its American labor force _72_ 10%. Quite soon now, many big western companies will have more _73_ (and customers) in poor countries than in rich _74_ . The second great change is _75_, in the rich countries of the OECD, the balance of economic activity is _76_ from manufacturing to _77_. In the United States and Britain, the _78_ ofworkers in manufacturing has _79_ since 1900 from around 40% to barely half that_80_ in Germany and Japan, which rebuilt so many _81_ after 1945, manufacturing's share of jobs is now below 30%. The effect of the _82 is increased _83_ manufacturingmoves from rich countries to the developing ones, _84_ cheap labor _85_ them a sharp advantage in many of the _86_ tasks required by mass production.67. A. product B. production C. products D. productivity68. A. other B. small C. capitalistic D. developing69. A. accounted B. occupied C. played D. shared70. A. output B. development C. share D. economy71. A. state B. consumer C. representative D. supplier72. A. by B. at C. through D. in73. A. products B. market C. employees D. changes74. A. one B. ones C. times D. time75. A. what B. like C. that D. how76. A. ranging B. varying C. swinging D. getting77. A. producing B. products C. servicing D. services78. A. proportion B. number C. quantity D. group79. A. changed B. gone C. applied D. shrunk80. A. Furthermore B. Even C. Therefore D. Hence81. A. armies B. weapons C. factories D. countries82. A. question B. manufacturing C. shift D. rebuilding83. A. with B. as C. given D. if84. A. while B. whose C. who's D. which85. A. give B. is giving C. gives D. gave86. A. repetitive B. various C. creative D. enormousPart Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentence on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. (任何国家无论在什么情况下都不可以) have the right to use nuclear weapons.88. It’s essential that (他把一切准备好) before the examination .89. The population of America is not large (与中国相比).90. The beggar accepted the one-dollar note (甚至连一声谢谢都没说).91. Life is full of risks (不论你是否喜欢).答案Part 1 作文:(略)Part 2 快速阅读1. N2. Y3. N4. N5. Y6. NG7. Y8. insecurities and anxiety 9. problems 10.strong willedPart 3 听力Section A(11-15) BBBBB (16-20) CDDCD (21-25)CCCBCSection B(26-30) CDBAB (31-35) DDBBCSection C36. topic 37. exaggerated 38. confusing 39. compete40. application 41. handling 42. widespread 43. calculation44. Another example of the same sort of process has been the use of computers by banks to provide up-to-date records of client’s accounts.45. The most successful example is perhaps the use of computers by airlines to control seat reservation an provide information about flights.46. One could take a series of photographs of the area, from which, the amount of rise and fall of the landscape can be analyzed within a few inches.Part 4 阅读(Reading in Depth)Section A(47-51)B) capital; M) inputs; E) varies; J) economic; H) transformation(52-56)A) offer ; L) internal ; F)differently ; k) reducing; O) information; Section B(57-61)BDABC (62-66)ACBBDPart 5 完型(67-76) BDACD ACBCB (77-86) DADBC CBBCAPart 6 翻译87. Under no circumstances should any nation88. get everything ready89. as compared with that of China90. without so much as saying thanks91. whether you like it or not。

大学英语四级测验模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套)

大学英语四级测验模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套）Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is foll owed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fou r choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and ma rk the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method o f answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships betwee n observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to o rganize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniq ues, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progr ess in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comp rehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy an d certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or disli kes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover m ay shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unple asant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of re fusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choiceof refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying ove rhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, te chnology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themsel ves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps chang e the material worldC) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD) all of the above22. Which of the following may be representative of science?A) The improvement of people's life.B) The theory of people's life.C) Farming tools.D) Mass production.23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A) must be strictly objectiveB) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikesC) should conform to popular opinionsD) always appear in perfect and finished forms24. The author states that technology itself _____.A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC) will lead to a better world if put to wise useD) will inevitably be for bad purpose25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.A) positive B) negative C) factual D) critical Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a res ponsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered fina ncial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags t o riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic-was a n unnecessary detour.Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success wi thout much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial suc cess is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be e ven more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.A) education in general B) Americans' attitudesC) higher education D) American education27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.A) certain B) contradictory C) ambitious D) unclear28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.A) higher education B) public education C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.A) information is our only productB) education in the future will be specializedC) we are entering an age of informationD) we are living in an age of information30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A) The History of American Education.B) The Need for Specialized Education.C) The Future of the American Educational System.D) Attitudes toward American Education. Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pa ttern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, co ntrol floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; andin consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 1925 ther e were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there may well be over 4,000 million.When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought u nder cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some ar eas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farmin g methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industri al occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern metho ds. There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the outpu t of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of cro ps are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; irrigation and dr y-farming methods bring arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons and to provide el ectric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to s uit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to destroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the fo od of the world.31. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plainsB) the pattern of distribution is being alteredC) people are living longerD) new land is being brought under cultivation32. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be more productively farmed if _____.A) the plots were subdividedB) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the countryC) industrial methods were used in farmingD) the units of land were made much larger33. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____.A) producing new strains of cropsB) irrigation and dry-farming methodsC) providing fertilizersD) destroying pests and disease34. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?A) types B) sizes C) seeds D) harvests35. The author's main purpose is to _____.A) argue for a belief B) describe a phenomenonC) entertain D) propose a conclusion Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatu res-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, no t otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways th at produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning th e head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned respon se with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as you ng as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movem ent "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of lear ning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to wat ch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display c ame on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights wh ich pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which . A) are direc tly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needsC) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .A) would make learned responses when it saw the milkB) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC) would continue the simple movements without being given milkD) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in o rder to .A) have the lights turned onB) be rewarded with milkC) please their parentsD) be praised39. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because .A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"B) the sight of the lights was interestingC) they need not turn back to watch the lightsD) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something i s a reflection of .A) a basic human desire to understand and control the worldB) the satisfaction of certain physiological needsC) their strong desire to solve complex problemsD) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skillsPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each senten ce there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer S heet with a single line through the center.41. It's the in this country to go out and pick flower on the first day of spring.A) case B) custom C) habit D) precedent42. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the .A) hire B) fare C) rent D) salary43. I've made an for you to see the dentist at 5 o'clock tomorrow.A) appointment B) interview C) opportunity D) assignation44. The house was poorly built; for , the roof leaked.A) short B) certain C) one thing D) sure45. the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.A) So long as B) So far as C) As long as D) So far46. The continuous rain set the harvesting of wheat by two weeks.A) off B) back C) down D) about47. The helicopter hovered the trees.A) in B) over C) down D) up48.The mother made a shirt for the boy out of the of the cloth.A) odd and end B) odd and ends C) odds and end D) odds and ends49. Let's get this old barn. It's of no use to us.A) over B) ready C) rid of D) used to50. George's ability to learn from observations and experience greatly to h is success in public life.A) owed B) contributed C) attached D) related51. I asked him where my sister was, and he the store across the street.A) nodded B) indicated C) figured D) guessed52. They are staying with us the time being until they find a place of thei r own.A) during B) for C) since D) in53. 100 competitors had the race.A) put their names for B) entered forC) put themselves for D) taken part54. He me by two games to one.A) beat B) conquered C) gained D) won55. They have put the bird in a cage to it from flying away.A) avoid B) prevent C) forbid D) control56. In recent years, new buildings have up like mushrooms in the city.A) jumped B) sprung C) leapt D) put57. I from among the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn't seen for ten years.A) figured out B) picked out C) realized D) picked over58. I thought he'd never anything, but it's turned out that I was wrong.A) arrive B) amount to C) reach for D) add to59. He managed to pay off his debts.A) anyhow or other B) anyhow or anotherC) somehow or other D) somehow or another60. You'd better not Mr. Ganz. He may get angry.A) play a joke on B) play outC) play into the hands of D) play at61. We existed on nothing but the necessities.A) empty B) bare C) hollow D) undressed62. The seasons change, independent anyone's wishes.A) on B) to C) with D) of63. The mail was for two days because of the snowstorm.A) misled B) lost C) delayed D) damaged64. He has been absent class for quite some time.A) in B) for C) with D) from65. I owe a great deal my parents and teachers.A) to B) for C) toward D) of66. We must manage to do our work better with people.A) less money and few B) less money and fewerC) little money and less D) few money and less67. Mr. Black is to our English evening.A) more pleased than to come B) more pleased to come thanC) more than pleased to come D) more pleasing than to come68. You that car with the brakes out of order. You might have had a serious accident.A) ought to drive B) oughtn't do driveC) ought to have driven D) oughtn't to have driven69. If it for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.A) is not B) weren't C) was not D) be not70. If only we as we were told! This would never have happened.A) would do B) had done C) do D) didPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank th ere are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that b est fits into the passage.Everyone ___71___ of the President of the US ___72___ the most powerful man in ___73___. But when the representatives of the 13 former British colonies __ _74___ to draw up the constitution of the new country ___75___ 1788, ___76___ o f them were not sure whether they ___77___ to have a President at all. There we re even ___78___ who ___79___ a king, ___80___ their successful war against the British king, George III. The decision was in doubt ___81___ the last moment. One group wanted ___82___ for life, while ___83___ suggested that ___84___ not be a President, because a Committee would govern the country better; a third gr oup ___85___ a President ___86___ term of office would last seven years but who could not stand for reelection, because they were afraid he would spend his ti me ___87___ votes at the next election. In the end they chose George Washington as President for four years and let him ___88___ for reelection because they t rusted him. But they were ___89___ to make rules in case a future President ___ 90___ badly and these rules were used to get rid of President Nixon two hundred s years later.71. A) use to think B) think C) thinks D) uses to think72. A) to be B) being C) like D) as73. A) western world B) the western world C) accident D) the accident74. A) found B) met C) encountered D) put together75. A) at B) by C) on D) in76. A) a number B) a great deal C) a large amount D) the most77. A) should B) would C) needed D) must78. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little79. A) had preferred B) would have preferredC) should have preferred D) were preferring80. A) although B) however C) nevertheless D) in spite of81. A) until B) as far as C) so far as D) by82. A) that the President was elected B) that the President would be electe dC) to elect the PresidentD) to be elected the President83. A) another B) other C) the other D) some other84. A) it should B) it would C) there should D) there would85. A) would have liked B) would rather C) would like D) would be liking86. A) that's B) whose C) which D) of which87. A) looking for B) to look for C) to look at D) looking at88. A) stand B) to stand C) be standing D) that he stood89. A) so careful B) too careful C) careful enough D) enough careful90. A) would carry B) carried C) would behave D) behavedPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compos ition on the topic "The Expenses of an Average Worker". You should study the fo llowing table carefully and base your composition on the outlines given below. You should write at least 100 words.1. The changes in the worker's expenses from 1990 to 2000.2. The possible reasons for the changes.3. My prediction.The Expenses of an Average Worker2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷参考答案(第一套）21-25. DBACC 26-30. DBABD 31. CDAAA 36-40. CCADA41-45. BCACB 46-50. BBDCB 51-55. BBBAB 56-60. BBBCA61-65. BDCDA 66-70. BCDBB 71-75. CDBBD 76-80. ACBBD81-85. ACACC 86-90. BAACC。

大学英语四级试卷模拟一试卷答案对照版

大学英语四级试卷模拟一试卷答案对照版CET-4 Test 1 Part 1 Reading Comprehension(35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:It was once believed that being overweight was healthy, but nowadays few people subscribe to this viewpoint. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce weight, studies are being conducted concerning the appetite and how it is controlled by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the conclusions of these studies may give insights into how to deal with weight problems. For example, when several hundred people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44 percent said they reacted to stressful situations by eating. Further investigations with both humans and animals indicated that it is not food which relieves tension but rather the act of chewing.A test in which subjects were blindfolded showed that obese(肥胖)people have a keener sense of taste and crave （渴望） more flavorful food than non-obese people. When deprived of the variety and intensity of tastes, obese people are not satisfied and consequently eat more tofulfill this need. Blood samples taken from people after they were shown a picture of food revealed that overweight people reacted with an increase in blood insulin（胰岛素）, a chemical associated with appetite. This did not happen to average-weight people.In another experiment, results showed that certain people have aspecific, biologically induced hunger for carbohydrate（糖类）.Eating carbohydrates raises the level of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain. Enough serotonin produces a sense of satiation（满足),and hunger for carbohydrates subsides.Exercise has been recommended as an important part of a weigh-loss program. However, It has been found that mild exercise, such as using the stairs instead of the elevator,is better in the long run than taking on a strenuous program, such as jogging, which many people find difficult to continue over long periods of time and which also increase appetite.1. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) overweight people are tenseB) thin people don't eat when under stressC) weight watchers should chew on something inedible when tenseD) 56 percent of the population isn't overweight.2. According to the passage, insulin _______.A) increases in the bloodstream when people eat large amounts of foodB) can be used to lessen the appetiteC) causes a chemical reaction when food is seenD) levels don't change in average-weight people who see food3. In order to lose weight, it would be a good idea for heavy people to _______.A) jog 3 miles daily and chew on carrot sticksB) avoid stressful situations and have control over theireating habitsC) eat plenty of chewy carbohydratesD) walk up stairs and look at pictures of food4. Which of the following exercises might be best for an overweight person to engage in daily?A) An evening walkB) A long swimC) Cross-country skiingD) 10-mile bicycle rides5. What can be said about serotonin?A) It is a chemical that increases the appetite.B) Only certain people produce it in their brains.C) It tells the brain when a person is full.D) It neurotransmits carbohydrates to the brain. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: Washington Irving was America's first man of letters to be knowninternationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in England and in the United States. He was, in fact, one of themost successful writers of his time in either country,delighting a large general public and at the same time winning the admiration of fellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the United States. The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself, with his warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his gay spirits, has artistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the new. Thackeray describedIrving as "a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, was most finished, polished, witty; socially the equal of the most refined Europeans." In England he was granted an honorary degree from Oxford-- an unusual honorfor a citizen of a young, uncultured nation--- and he received the medal of the Royal Society of Literature; America made him ambassador to Spain.Irving's background provides little to explain his literary achievements. A gift but deliberate child, he had little schooling, He studied law, but without zeal, and never did practise seriously. He was immune to his strict Prebyterian home environment, frequenting both social gatherings andthe theatre.6. The main point of the first paragraph is that WashingtonIrving was ______.A) America's first man of lettersB) a great writer who was successful in his own country and other parts of the world as wellC) a man who won the respect of other writers because ofhishigh social statusD) a man who was able to move from literature to politics7. What is implied by the comment about Scott, Poe and Hawthorne?A) Irving's great popularity resulted in the admiration of Scott, Poe and Hawthorne.B) More Americans than Britains admired Irving.C) Irving's work was not only popular, but also of high literary quality.D) Irving's success was attributed to his family background.8. What can be said about Irving's law career?A) He only began to practice law late in life.B) He spent very little time working as a lawyer.C) He never practiced law although he studied it .D) He worked as a lawyer with great enthusiasm.9. Why did Thackeray think that Irving's social grace was unusual?A) Because Irning's degree was honorable and unusual.B) Because his parents were not aristocratic.C) Because he had good sense and gay spirits.D) Because he often exhibited warm friendiness.10. Which of the following best describes the effect ofIrving's Presbyterian background on his life?A) It had almost no effect on his life.B) It promoted his interest in law.C) It fostered his love for literature.D) It enabled him to become a successful writer.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Time spent in bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. Whatever the person , you can soon become totally in awareof your surroundings. You soon become engrossed（全神贯注)in some books, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and mustdash off to keep some forgotten appointment --- without buying a book,of course.This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think,the main attraction of a bookshop. A music shop is very like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart's content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting:" Can I help you, sir?" You Needn't buy anything you don't want. In a bookshop, an assistant should remain in the backgrounduntil you have finished browsing（游览）.Then, and only then, are his services necessary.You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing -- something which had only vaguely interested you up until then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interestingthat you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section tosection.Booksellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent（宽容）.11. You may be unaware of the time passing by in a bookshop because ______.A) you want to escape the reality of everyday lifeB) you have to finish browsing one of the booksC) you don't want to waste your moneyD) you have to make sure you don't buy a dull book as a present12. In a good bookshop _______.A) the shop assistant greets you in a friendly wayB) you feel obliged to buy one of the booksC) your heart is contentedD) no shop assistant will approach you unless his service is called13. It is very unwise to enter a bookshop and buy ______.A) a best-selling novel on brass-rubbingB) a book on ancient coinsC) a book on the subject that vaguely interests youD) a book well illustrated and expensive14. According to the writer, the best way to escape the realities of routine life is _____.A) to have a long chat with assistant in a bookshopB) to stay in a bookshop, being absorbed in reading books of various kindsC) to buy a best-selling novel to readD) to wander about in the streets15. The best title of this selection would be632A) On buying booksB) Bookshops and AssistantsC) Booklovers and BookshopsD) How to Escape the Realities of Everyday Life in a BookshopQuestions 16 to 20 are on the following passage:Social change is more likely to occur in societies where thereis a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies wherepeople are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society, There are more ideas,disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizationswith different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greaterworldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people arequite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change becauseeverything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also likely to occur morefrequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technologyrather than in values; in what has been learned later inrather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones;in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual.For example, it comes readily on human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quicklyto black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.16. According to the passage, one of the factors that tend to promote social change is _____.A) mutual interestB) different points of viewC) more worldly peopleD) advanced technology17. Social change is less likely to occur in a society wherepeople are quite similar in many ways because______.A) people there are always satisfied with their living conditionsB) people there have identical needs that can be met withoutmuch disputesC) people there have got accustomed to their conditionsthatthey seldom think it necessary to changeD) people there are less emotional and easy to please18. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A) Social values play an important role in social change.B) Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspectsof society.C) Social change is more likely to occur if it comes graduallyD) Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic andemotional aspects of society.19. The expression "greater tolerance" in Paragraph 1refersto ______.A) greater willingness to accept social changeB) quicker adoption to changing circumstancesC) more respect for different beliefs and behaviorD) greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas20. The passage mainly discusses______.A) two different societiesB) the necessary of social changeC) different social changesD) certain factors that determine the ease with whichsocialchanges occurPart 2 Vocabulary and structureDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part, For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D) .Choose the ONE answer that best competes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the canter.21. The presence of armed guards ______ us from doing anything disruptive.A) excitedB) irritatedC) preventedD) encourage22. -- Do you know the girl with long hair?-- I don't think so, although she ______ me of someone I know.A) remembersB) remindsC) recallsD) recollects23. When you read his books, you have to read between the lines; there's so much _____ in his writing.A) ironyB) vocabularyC) grammarD) idiom24. If the pressure is not _______ immediately, there maybe an explosion.A) relievedB) retreatedC) revealedD) released25. She had been kind to me, so I felt ______ to help her when she was in trouble.A) detachedB) obligedC) generousD) virtuous26. The music would stop at intervals, then ______ after a while.A) restoreB) recoverC) resumeD) assume27. The new laws threaten to ______ many people of the most elementary freedoms.A) depriveB) deceiveC) snatchD) depress28. Machinery ______ rapidly if it is not taken care of .A) devastatesB) destroysC) dedicatesD) deteriorates29. Knowledge then is the _____ condition of expansion of mind.A) indigestibleB) indispensableC) indissolubleD) indisputable30. We must try to ______ the best of our moral values for our children and grandchildren.A) predictB) prescribeC) purchaseD) preserve31. Some very important issues were ______ all his attention.A) taking upB) taking offC) taking outD) taking in32. She has bought a pair of glasses, which she can never ______when reading books.A) do withB) do withoutC) do upD) do away33. Now the problem of energy is becoming critical. It_____ an immediate solution.A) calls onB) calls upC) calls atD) calls for34. What happened in that class probably reflects what is happening in society _______.A) at firstB) at randomC) at largeD) at length35. _______ the gas shortage, I'm going to buy a compact car this year.A) In front ofB) In place ofC) In terms ofD) In view of36. His mother always keeps a candle in the house ______ there is a power cut.A) in caseB) in the caseC) in the eventD) in event of37. Not only ______ resulted in vast expenses, but they have endangered human existence as well.A) nuclear weapons haveB) have nuclear weaponsC) will nuclear weaponsD) nuclear weapons that38. Air ______ of a combination of nitrogen and oxygen.A) composesB) comprisesC) formsD) consists39. _______ composers such as Mozart, who was treated as an employee by those who commissioned him, Beethoven enjoyed equal social status with his employers.A) becauseB) There wereC) UnlikeD) Having been40. The strong beam of light from a light house is used by sailors _______.A) to determining their locationB) in determining their locationC) with determining their locationD) while determining their location41. _______ travels 5.8 trillion miles in one year has been scientifically proven.A) That lightB) LightC) For light toD) When light42. Even though African game preserves have saved many animals,there are ______ that will not be saved.A) some otherB) all othersC) many moreD) much more43. After writing poetry unsuccessfully for several years, he was not certain whether to quit or ______ with his art.A) if he should continueB) to be continuedC) to continueD) he should continue44. John offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we declined the offer.A) not being finishedB) not having finishedC) had not been finishedD) was not finished45. That town was no longer the sleepy littlevillage ________.A) it wereB) it wasC) it has beenD) it had been46. -- I saw Sam in the library yesterday morning.-- You ______ him; he is still abroad.A) might not seeB) could not seeC) can't have seenD) mustn't have seen47. It is absolutely essential that all the applicants______ one by one.A) interviewedB) to interviewC) be interviewedD) to be interviewing48. I think I should prefer to go on Thursday, _______ it's all the same to you.A) as ifB) ifC) unlessD) as soon as49. My approach is not to learn everything about something,but _____ something about everything.A) rather to learnB) rather learningC) to rather learnD) rather than learn50. Advice should be provided free to_______ needs it.A) whomB) whoeverC) whoD) no matter whoPart 3 TranslationDirections: In this part, there are five items which you shouldtranslate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. There sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in Part 1 of this paper. You areallowed 15 minutes to do the translation. You should refer backto the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.51. ( Passage 1, Para.1)Further investigations with both humans and animals indicatedthat it is not food which relieves tension but rather the act of chewing.52. (Passage 1, Para.2)When deprived of the variety and intensity of tastes, obese people are not satisfied and consequently eat more tofulfill this need.53. (Passage 2,Para. 2)Irving's background provides little to explain his literary achievements.A gifted but deliberate child, he had little schooling.54. (Passage 3, Para. 3)Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section.55. ( Passage 4, Para. 1)In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interestand greater tolerance in mixed societies.Part 4 WritingDirections: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutesto write a composition on the topic The Quality of Products. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition the outline on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 产品质量差的原因2. 产品质量差的后果3. 怎样提高产品质量The Quality of Products模拟一答案1. C2. D3. B4. A5. C6. B7. C8. B9. B10. A11. D12. D13. C14. B15. A16. B17. C18. A19. D21. C22. B23. A24. D25. B26. C27. A28. D29. B30. D31. A32. B33. D34. C35. D36. A37. B38. D39. C40. B42. C43. C44. A45. D46. C47. C48. B49. A50. B51. 对人类和动物的进一步调查表明,, 减轻(精神)压力的(因素)不是食物,, 而是咀嚼动作。

大学英语考试：2022大学英语四级真题模拟及答案(1)

大学英语考试：2022大学英语四级真题模拟及答案(1)1、Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of condition?（单选题）A. They look as though they know each other.B. As soon as we arrived, the meal started.C. As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play.D. He has lived here as long as I (have lived).试题答案：C2、With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem _____ can be solved in a few hours.（单选题）A. butB. whichC. thatD. what试题答案：A3、It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is _____.（单选题）A. a retailer of stainless steel tablewareB. a dealer in stonewareC. a pottery chain storeD. a producer of fine china试题答案：D4、（单选题）A. 13.B. 23.C. 22.D. 15.试题答案：C5、The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us _____.（单选题）A. the way you handle major events may cause stressB. what should be done to avoid stressC. what kind of event would cause stressD. how to cope with sudden changes in life试题答案：C6、Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?（单选题）A. Retirees who are business-minded.B. The volunteer workers in retirement homes.C. College graduates with an MBA or law degree.D. Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology.试题答案：D7、Which of the following italicized phrases indicates PURPOSE?（单选题）A. Her parents wish her to be a teacher.B. The best way to learn English is to use it.C. His family was too poor to support him.D. She took a plane to come back soon.试题答案：D8、Recent studies have suggested that weight training _____.（单选题）A. has become an essential part of people’s lifeB. may well affect the health of the traineesC. will attract more people in the days to comeD. contributes to health improvement as well试题答案：D9、To be successful in negotiations, one must _____.（单选题）A. meet his boss at the appropriate timeB. arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC. be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes试题答案：C10、（单选题）A. Because the airport in Paris was not fit for the scheduled landing.B. Because it was found to have run short of gasoline.C. Because it wanted to pick up passengers from another flight.D. Because there was a sudden mechanical problem.试题答案：C11、It is fortunate for the old couple that their son’s career goals and their wishes for him _____.（单选题）A. coincideB. collaborateC. complyD. conform试题答案：A12、（单选题）A. If you want to return or exchange your purchase, you should do that as soon as possible.B. Under any circumstances, you can exchange what you’ve bought.C. Sometimes things on sale are not allowed to be exchanged.D. While you are exchanging something, you should bring the receipt with you.试题答案：B13、（单选题）A. To invite the student to attend a meeting with her.B. To let the student know that she will have to leave soon.C. To announce that she will be speaking at a meeting.D. To explain why she cannot help the student right now.试题答案：B14、（单选题）A. For a change.B. To earn more money.C. To get a promotion.D. To have new challenge.试题答案：C15、The chief function of a uniform is to _____.（单选题）A. provide practical benefits to the wearerB. make the wearer catch the public eyesC. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himselfD. provide the wearer with a professional identity试题答案：D16、The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that _____.（单选题）A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brandB. one should not always agree to others’ opinionsC. personal tastes are not something to be challengedD. it is unwise to express, one’s likes and dislikes in public试题答案：C17、Most educators objected to Stoke’s idea because they thought _____.（单选题）A. a language should be easy to use and understandB. sign language was too artificial to be widely acceptedC. a language could only exist in the form of speech soundsD. sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people试题答案：C18、（单选题）A. There must be something wrong with the brakes.B. It won’t cost much to get it fixed.C. She is not sure what is wrong with it.D. It was made in the United States.试题答案：C19、It can be inferred from the passage that _____.（单选题）A. killing foxes with poison is illegalB. limiting the fox population is unnecessaryC. hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violentD. fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich 试题答案：C20、According to the passage, players in a game may _____.（单选题）A. kick the ball across the court with forceB. lie down on the ground as an act of protestC. deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayD. keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game试题答案：C21、Henry Ford’s statement can be taken negatively because _____.（单选题）A. working people are discouraged to fight for their fightsB. there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC. there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborD. public services are not run by the federal government试题答案：C22、According to the author’s observation, college students _____.（单选题）A. have never been so materialistic as todayB. have never been so interested in the artsC. have never been so financially well off as todayD. have never attached so much importance to moral sense试题答案：A23、To be successful in negotiations, one must _____.（单选题）A. meet his boss at the appropriate timeB. arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC. be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes试题答案：C24、An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is _____.（单选题）A. to make sports less competitiveB. to make sports more challengingC. to reduce their mental stressD. to increase their sense of success试题答案：C25、Which of the following italicized parts is a predicative clause (表语从句)?（单选题）A. A prosperity that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.B. The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.C. It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.D. His suggestion is that we should keep moving forward without hesitation.试题答案：D26、What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge’s ruling?（单选题）A. The biological link.B. The child’s benefits.C. The traditional practice.D. The parents’ feelings.试题答案：B27、（单选题）A. Call the mother to come fight away.B. Try to communicate with them first.C. Help them to get out of their misty.D. Remind them that they have children to take care of.试题答案：B28、Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _____.（单选题）A. essential to solve the dog’s behavior problemsB. the foundation for dogs to perform tasksC. a good way to teach the dog new tricksD. an extreme measure in obedience training试题答案：B29、Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that _____.（单选题）A. it is stated by judges in the courtB. it reflects public like and dislikesC. it is a result of a lot of controversyD. it is based on careful thought试题答案：D30、（单选题）A. To look at a book.B. To look at brochure.C. To look at a newspaper.D. To book tickets for a summer festival.试题答案：C31、In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected _____.（单选题）A. to have an excellent academic recordB. to be wise and matureC. to be imaginative with a value system to guide himD. to be a technical genius with a wide vision试题答案：D32、（单选题）A. Because there are no signs to direct them.B. Because no tour guides are available.C. Because all the buildings in the city look alike.D. Because the university is everywhere in the city.试题答案：D33、One significant improvement in the future car will probably be _____.（单选题）A. its power sourceB. its driving systemC. its monitoring systemD. its seating capacity试题答案：C34、The word “spas” (Line 3, Para.1) most probably refers to _____.（单选题）A. sports activitiesB. places for physical exerciseC. recreation centersD. athletic training programs试题答案：B35、Undocumented workers became the target of “Operation Safe Travel” because _____.（单选题）A. evidence was found that they were potential terroristsB. most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorist attacksC. terrorists might take advantage of their illegal statusD. they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport试题答案：C36、In the American educational system, intermediate school is the _____ stage between the primary grades and high schoo1.（单选题）A. traditionalB. transitionalC. transmissibleD. transient试题答案：B37、According to Robert Foss, The high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _____.（单选题）A. their frequent driving at nightB. their improper way of drivingC. their lack of driving experienceD. their driving with passengers试题答案：C38、（单选题）A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different试题答案：B39、From the passage, it can be seen that the author _____.（单选题）A. believes the reform has reduced the government’s burdenB. insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poorC. is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reformD. considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful试题答案：D40、（单选题）A. Call the mother to come fight away.B. Try to communicate with them first.C. Help them to get out of their misty.D. Remind them that they have children to take care of.试题答案：B41、In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to _____.（单选题）A. centralize the management of water resourcesB. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsC. guarantee full protection of the environmentD. encourage local and regional control of water resources试题答案：A42、（单选题）A. Cutting the grass.B. Feeding the fish.C. Looking after the children.D. Taking care of the dog.试题答案：C43、（单选题）A. Most of them have a long history.B. Many of them are specialized libraries.C. They house more books than any other university library.D. They each have a copy of every book published in Britain.试题答案：B44、Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because _____.（单选题）A. local governments find it easy to manageB. recycling has great appeal for the joblessC. recycling causes little pollutionD. other methods are more expensive试题答案：D45、（单选题）A. Highway crime.B. Poor traffic control.C. Confusing road signs.D. Drivers’ errors.试题答案：D46、（单选题）A. The bird bad finally understood his threat.B. The bird managed to escape from the chicken house.C. The bird had learned to scream back at him.D. The bird was living peacefully with the chickens.试题答案：A47、The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that _____.（单选题）A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brandB. one should not always agree to others’ opinionsC. personal tastes are not something to be challengedD. it is unwise to express, one’s likes and dislikes in public试题答案：C48、Recent studies have suggested that weight training _____.（单选题）A. has become an essential part of people’s lifeB. may well affect the health of the traineesC. will attract more people in the days to comeD. contributes to health improvement as well试题答案：D49、Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes _____.（单选题）A. for recreationB. in the interests of the farmersC. to limit the fox populationD. to show off their wealth试题答案：A50、（单选题）A. Most of them have a long history.B. Many of them are specialized libraries.C. They house more books than any other university library.D. They each have a copy of every book published in Britain.试题答案：B51、The study of sign language is thought to be _____.（单选题）A. an approach to simplify the grammatical structure of languageB. an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of languageC. a challenge m traditional views on the nature of languageD. a new way to take at the learning of language试题答案：C52、The two most important _____ in making a cake are flour and sugar.（单选题）A. elementsB. componentsC. ingredientsD. constituents试题答案：C53、Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life _____.（单选题）A. are still a must on certain occasionsB. are bound to return sooner or laterC. are still being taught by parents at homeD. can help improve personal relationships试题答案：A54、Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _____.（单选题）A. instrumental supportB. informational supportC. social companionshipD. the strengthening of self-respect试题答案：A55、The underwater listening system was originally designed ______.（单选题）A. to trace and locate enemy vesselsB. to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC. to study the movement of ocean currentsD. to replace the global radio communications network试题答案：A56、According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that _____.（单选题）A. they have a vision from the mountaintopB. they have warm feelings and emotionsC. they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD. they can make people feel stronger and more confident试题答案：C57、（单选题）A. They tried to collect more money than the ruler asked for.B. They were given some silver and gold coins by the ruler.C. They were excused from paying income tax.D. They enjoyed being invited to dinner at the ruler’s palace.试题答案：A58、（单选题）A. They are interested in other kinds of reading.B. They are active in voluntary services.C. They tend to be low in education and in income.D. They live in isolated areas.试题答案：C59、The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by ______.（单选题）A. its growing wealthB. the self-centeredness of individualsC. underestimating the impact of social changesD. the prejudice against women and minorities试题答案：B60、The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he _____.（单选题）A. wanted to be an example of practicality and rationalityB. intended to be a combination of engineer and humanistC. wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in collegeD. intend to be a sensible student with noble ideals试题答案：B61、（单选题）A. It takes skill.B. It pays well.C. It’s full-time job.D. It’s admired worldwide.试题答案：A62、（单选题）A. They have their hotel beautifully decorated.B. They provide delicious food.C. They make their guests feel at home.D. They give parties regularly for their visitors.试题答案：C63、The main touch of the shell is _____.（单选题）A. to strengthen the pilings of the houseB. to give the house a better appearanceC. to protect the wooden frame of the houseD. to slow down the speed of the swelling water试题答案：B64、I wrote back to Charles _____ I received his letter.（单选题）A. when immediatelyB. soonC. immediatelyD. suddenly试题答案：C65、What is worth nothing from the example of Athens County is that _____.（单选题）A. greater efforts should be made to improve people’s living standardsB. 70 percent of the people there have been, employed for two yearsC. 50 percent of the population no longer relies on welfareD. the living standards of most people are going down试题答案：A66、What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?（单选题）A. She will be deported sooner or later.B. She is allowed to stay permanently.C. Her case has been dropped.D. Her fate remains uncertain.试题答案：D67、I felt so embarrassed that I couldn’t do anything but _____ there whenI first met my present wife.（单选题）A. to sitB. sittingC. satD. sit试题答案：D68、（单选题）A. Helping some of the world’s poorest.B. Reducing the debt burden of Africa.C. Giving more aid to Africa.D. Building democracies and fighting corruption.试题答案：D69、When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _____.（单选题）A. can give the dog more rewardsB. will enjoy a better family lifeC. can give the dog more freedomD. will have more confidence in himself试题答案：C70、（单选题）A. They tried to collect more money than the ruler asked for.B. They were given some silver and gold coins by the ruler.C. They were excused from paying income tax.D. They enjoyed being invited to dinner at the ruler’s palace.试题答案：A71、Under the present circumstances there seem fewer reasons for people to hug illusions than they _____ before.（单选题）A. wasB. didC. wereD. being试题答案：B72、He is so kind and generous that he always cast his _____ upon the waters.（单选题）A. stoneB. breadC. sandD. fish试题答案：B73、（单选题）A. He has spoken to him on the phone.B. He stayed in his apartment one summer,C. He went on a summer trip with him.D. He used to work with him.试题答案：D74、（单选题）A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different试题答案：B75、（单选题）A. She should go to the nearest supermarket to buy everything she wants.B. She should bargain with the seller for a lower priceC. She should visit various stores and compare the prices.D. She should not buy anything in the discount stores.试题答案：C76、（单选题）A. By decorating our homes.B. By being kind and generous.C. By wearing fashionable clothes.D. By putting on a little make-up.试题答案：B77、The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is _____.（单选题）A. to provide them with a safer environmentB. to lower their expectations for themC. to get them more involved sociallyD. to set a good model for them to follow试题答案：C78、（单选题）A. Because there are no signs to direct them.B. Because no tour guides are available.C. Because all the buildings in the city look alike.D. Because the university is everywhere in the city.试题答案：D79、Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _____.（单选题）A. instrumental supportB. informational supportC. social companionshipD. the strengthening of self-respect试题答案：A80、Which of the following sentence contain a noun(名词) used as an attribute （定语）?（单选题）A. We can’t but face the reality.B. We could hardly see any fresh vegetables in winter on market several years ago.C. There are only two women assistants in that shoe shop.D. These young people know little about how to choose good books to read.试题答案：C81、（单选题）A. The statistical analyses.B. The essay structure.C. The topic sentences.D. The data collection.试题答案：A82、Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively _____ from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes.（单选题）A. isolatedB. dismissedC. distractedD. excluded试题答案：D83、Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?（单选题）A. Great mobility.B. Concern for one’s neighbors.C. Emphasis on individual effort.D. Ever-weakening social bonds.试题答案：B84、What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?（单选题）A. She will be deported sooner or later.B. She is allowed to stay permanently.C. Her case has been dropped.D. Her fate remains uncertain.试题答案：D85、According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated a mentally ill 50 years ago _____.（单选题）A. were less isolated physicallyB. were probably less self-centeredC. probably suffered less from anxietyD. were considered less individualistic试题答案：C86、In the 1950s, classroom violence ______.（单选题）A. was something unheard ofB. was by no means a rare occurrenceC. attracted a lot of public attentionD. began to appear in analysts’ data试题答案：A87、（单选题）A. They are encouraged to do maintenance for the training centre.B. Most of them get paid for their work.C. They have to cook their own meals.D. They can choose to do community work.试题答案：B88、How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about “Operation Safe Travel”?（单选题）A. Guilty.B. Offended.C. Disappointed.D. Discouraged.试题答案：B89、The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _____.（单选题）A. the increased value of the poundB. the economic recession in AsiaC. the change in people’s way of lifeD. the fierce competition at home and abroad试题答案：C90、“... Old is suddenly in” (Line 1, Para.1) most probably means “_____”.（单选题）A. America has suddenly become a nation of old peopleB. gerontology has suddenly become popularC. more elderly professors are found on American campusesD. American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students试题答案：B91、（单选题）A. To examine the chemical elements in the Ice Age.B. To look into the pattern of solar wind activity.C. To analyze the composition of different trees.D. To find out the origin of carbon-14 on Earth.试题答案：B92、The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _____.（单选题）A. build big lakes to store waterB. construct big pumping stationsC. channel water from nearby rivers to croplandD. build small and cheap irrigation systems试题答案：D93、It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be _____.（单选题）A. fancy-lookingB. water proofC. easily breakableD. extremely strong试题答案：C94、From the tone of the passage we know that the author is _____.（单选题）A. not serious about the private ownership of H-bombsB. concerned about the spread of nuclear weaponsC. doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safetyD. unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs试题答案：C95、All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT _____.（单选题）A. I have no idea when he will return.B. What you said yesterday is right.C. We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.D. The news that our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday’s newspaper.试题答案：B96、（单选题）A. Some of their prisoners are allowed to study or work outside prisons.B. Most of their prisoners are expected to work.C. Their prisoners are often sent to special centers for skill training.D. Their prisoners are allowed freedom to visit their families.试题答案：A97、（单选题）A. There must be something wrong with the brakes.B. It won’t cost much to get it fixed.C. She is not sure what is wrong with it.D. It was made in the United States.试题答案：C98、（单选题）A. Documentaries.B. Local service programmes.C. Travel programmes.D. Health programmes.试题答案：B99、（单选题）A. They have their hotel beautifully decorated.B. They provide delicious food.C. They make their guests feel at home.D. They give parties regularly for their visitors.试题答案：C100、（单选题）A. Leave it vacant.B. Rent it to the man she’s talking with.C. Sublet it to Jim Thomas.D. Ask her landlady to sublet it.试题答案：C101、The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _____.（单选题）A. build big lakes to store waterB. construct big pumping stationsC. channel water from nearby rivers to croplandD. build small and cheap irrigation systems试题答案：D102、He would have played football but he _____ time.（单选题）A. did not haveB. does not haveC. would not haveD. has no试题答案：A103、Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market?（单选题）A. Retirees are more generous in spending money.B. They can employ more gerontologists.C. The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power.D. There are more elderly people working than before.试题答案：C104、What can we infer from the last paragraph?（单选题）A. The exploration of a little-known coral reef must be continued.B. Rainbow Warrior is determined to forbid bottom trawling in international waters.C. Rainbow Warrior will unearth crucial evidence to stop the bottom trawling.D. The UN is determined to forbid bottom trawling in international waters.试题答案：B105、What did Diana mean when she said “... putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me” (Para.1)?（单选题）A. Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.B. She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.C. The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.D. Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.试题答案：D106、（单选题）A. By telephoning his friend.B. By writing his friend a letter.C. By checking the post office’ s records.D. By the signature of his friend on the return receipt.试题答案：D107、According to Robert Foss, The high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _____.（单选题）A. their frequent driving at nightB. their improper way of drivingC. their lack of driving experienceD. their driving with passengers试题答案：C108、According to the passage, players in a game may _____.（单选题）A. kick the ball across the court with forceB. lie down on the ground as an act of protestC. deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayD. keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game试题答案：C109、The author most probably agrees that artificial sweetened gum _____（单选题）A. is not effective in reducing stress.B. may cause some health problems.C. should be avoided although it is healthful.D. is harmful for one’s health due to its sugar containing.试题答案：B110、（单选题）A. The reasons why people don’t read newspapers are more complicated than assumed.B. There are more uneducated people among the wealthy than originally expected.C. The number of newspaper readers is steadily increasing.D. There are more nonreaders among young people nowadays.试题答案：D111、The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows _____.（单选题）A. bow much pressure you are underB. how positive events can change your lifeC. how stressful a major event can beD. how you can deal with life changing events试题答案：A112、（单选题）A. The back pocket of his tight trousers.B. The top pocket of his jacket.C. A side pocket of his jacket.D. A side pocket of his trousers.试题答案：A113、（单选题）A. It is unrealistic.B. They should learn from the other companies to introduce it.C. They should investigate it.D. He agrees with the opinion of the Managing Director on this.试题答案：D114、The American Revolution is regarded by military historians as a war Britain _____.（单选题）A. should never loseB. can never loseC. should never have lostD. would never have lost试题答案：C115、Why do pet dog love performing tricks for their masters?（单选题）A. To avoid being punished.B. To show their affection for their masters.C. To win leadership of the dog park.D. To show their willingness to obey.试题答案：D116、Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _____.（单选题）A. be just part of their natureB. worsen in modern societyC. occur when they go wildD. present threat to the community试题答案：A117、What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?（单选题）A. Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.B. Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.C. A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.D. Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.试题答案：D118、Which of the following is a new and popular arcade?（单选题）。

大学英语四级模拟试卷一及参考答案

大学英语四级模拟试卷一及参考答案Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。

2. 需要花时间去选择职业。

3. 选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。

Choosing an OccupationPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the nextcentury.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. Hefears that by the year 2025, as many as one third of the world’s projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.Where Water GoesOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two-thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live.In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “t here will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment.”Close to HomeWater woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.The SourceWhere do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 millionpeople a year get sick from water borne diseases.In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen-rich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.What’s the Solution?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea. “More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.”1.What caused the Aral Sea to shrink?［A］The rivers flowing into it have been diverted.［B］Farmers used its water to irrigate their farmland.［C］Government planners over-pumped its water.［D］High temperature made its water badly evaporate.2.The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects .［A］does more good than harm［B］solves more problems than what they created［C］does more harm than good［D］brings more water to people than expected3.The chief causes of water shortage include .［A］population growth and water waste［B］water pollution and dry weather［C］water waste and pollution［D］population growth and water pollution4.Americans could suffer from greatly serious water shortages?［A］living in rich areas［B］living in big cities but poor condition［C］depending on groundwater［D］bearing high standards of safe drinking water in mind5.What is the main pollutant in developed countries?［A］Untreated toxic chemicals from manufacturers.［B］Raw sewage into rivers and streams.［C］Herbicides and pesticides used by farmers.［D］Household cleaners poured down the drain.6.How does algae make threats to life of a body of water?［A］By covering the whole surface of the water.［B］By competitively using oxygen life in water needs.［C］By living more rapidly than other life in water .［D］By releasing hazardous chemicals into water.7.According to Gleick, who should be responsible for solving water-related problems?［A］government and housewives.［B］farmers and manufacturers.［C］ordinary people and manufacturers.［D］government and every person.8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world’s people will suffer from water shortages.9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.［A］Wait for the sale to start.［B］Get further information about the sale.［C］Call the TV station to be sure if the ad is true.［D］Buy a new suit.12.［A］He doesn’t think that John is ill.［B］He thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health.［C］He is aware that John is ill.［D］He doesn’t think that John has a very good knowledge of physics.13.［A］Before six.［B］At six.［C］After six.［D］After seven.14.［A］It is bigger.［B］It has a prettier color.［C］It has a larger yard.［D］It is brighter.15.［A］Australian and American.［B］Guest and host.［C］Husband and wife.［D］Professor and student.16.［A］1∶30.［B］11∶00.［C］9∶30.［D］10∶00.17.［A］He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late. ［B］He prefers staying at home because he doesn’t like to travel.［C］He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.［D］He prefers traveling with the woman.18.［A］He thinks she should visit her cousin. ［B］Her cousin doesn’t visit very often.［C］Her cousin is feeling a lot better today.［D］He doesn’t think her cousin has been at home today.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.［A］Two different types of bones in the human body.［B］How bones help the body move.［C］How bones continuously repair themselves.［D］The chemical composition of human bones.20.［A］They defend the bone against viruses.［B］They prevent oxygen from entering the bone.［C］They break down bone tissue.［D］They connect the bone to muscle tissue.21.［A］They have difficulty identifying these cells.［B］They aren’t sure how these cells work.［C］They’ve learned how to reproduce these cells.［D］They’ve found similar cells in other species.22.［A］To learn how to prevent a bone disease.［B］To understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue.［C］To find out how specialized bone cells have evolved.［D］To create artificial bone tissue.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.［A］A new fuel for buses.［B］The causes of air pollution.［C］A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.［D］Careers in environmental engineering.24.［A］Her car is being repaired. ［B］She wants to help reduce pollution.［C］Parking is difficult in the city.［D］The cost of fuel has increased.25.［A］A fuel that burns cleanly.［B］An oil additive that helps cool engines.［C］A material from which filters are made.［D］An insulating material sprayed on engine partsSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.［A］From three to five months.［B］Three months. ［C］Five months.［D］Four months.27.［A］Watch traffic.［B］Obey commands.［C］Cross streets safely.［D］Guard the door.28.［A］Three weeks. ［B］Two weeks. ［C］Four weeks. ［D］Five weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.［A］Two to four times.［B］Four to six times.［C］Four to eight times.［D］Six to ten times.30.［A］Sleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly.［B］People had more dreams after they took sleeping pills.［C］People became angry easily because they didn’t take sleeping pills.［D］Sleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep.31.［A］People dream so as to sleep better.［B］People dream in order not to go into REM sleep.［C］Because they may run into difficult problems in their dreams.［D］Because in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.［A］A sales representative.［B］A store manager.［C］A committee chairperson.［D］A class president.33.［A］To determine who will graduate this year.［B］To discuss the seating arrangement.［C］To choose the chairperson of the ceremonies.［D］To begin planning the graduation ceremonies.34.［A］Their names, phone numbers and job preference.［B］The names and addresses of their guests.［C］The names of the committee they worked on last year.［D］Their dormitory name, address and phone number.35.［A］In an hour.［B］Next week.［C］In one month.［D］Next year.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks,you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In the English (36)system, students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus, which is (37) at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38)or (39) shown on the eleven-plus would have (40)if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in (41) schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are (42)for the Ordinary (43)of the General Certificate of Education. (44). Once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45). Evenat the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46).Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the 47 of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking placeswere51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car drivingcustomers52 . And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls,53 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54areas to outlying malls. And the growing55of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.［A］designed ［F］convenience ［K］cosmetics［B］take ［G］services ［L］started［C］heart ［H］fame ［M］downtown［D］needed ［I］various ［N］available ［C］though ［H］popularity ［M］cheapnessSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalizationis a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptanceor rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness. Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?［A］All international managers can learn culture.［B］Business diversity is not necessary.［C］Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.［D］Most people do not know foreign culture well.58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi.［A］is in line with the theories that the business is business the world around ［B］is different from the model of McDonald’s［C］shows the reverse of globalization［D］has converged cultural differences59.The two schools of thought.［A］both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures［B］both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries ［C］admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world［D］both A and B60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those.［A］who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity［B］who have connections to more than one type of culture［C］who want to travel abroad［D］who want to run business on International Scale61.According to Fortune, successful international companies.［A］earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas［B］all have the quality of patience［C］will follow the overseas local cultures［D］adopt the policy of internationalizationPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or brings the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speedof the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chorus and responses.62.The passage is mainly concerned with .［A］the different tastes of people for sports［B］the different characteristics of sports［C］the attraction of football［D］the attraction of baseball63.Those who don’t like baseball may complain that. ［A］it is only to the taste of the old［B］it involves fewer players than football［C］it is not exciting enough［D］it is pretentious and looks funny64.The author admits that.［A］baseball is too peaceful for the young［B］baseball may seem boring when watched on TV［C］football is more attracting than baseball［D］baseball is more interesting than football65.By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence).［A］the third baseman would rather sleep than play the game［B］even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no difference to the result［C］the third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well［D］the consequence was so bad that he could not bear to see it66.We can safely conclude that the author.［A］likes football［B］hates football［C］hates baseball［D］likes baseballPart Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Who won the WorldCup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play?67 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets68 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to69 the news. Newspapers have one basic70 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to71 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 72inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication.73 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the74and thus the efficiency of their own operations.Today more newspapers are75 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers76 of the latest news, today’s newspapers77 and influence readers about politics and othe r important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’economic choices78 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very79 . Newspapers are sold at a price that80 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main81 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The82in selling advertising depends on a newspaper’s value to advertisers. This83 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends84on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment85 in a newspaper’s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper ’ s value to readers as a source of information 86 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and even outer space.67.［A］Just when［B］While［C］Soon after［D］Before68.［A］to give［B］giving［C］given［D］being given69.［A］gather［B］spread［C］carry［D］bring70.［A］reason［B］cause［C］problem［D］purpose71.［A］make［B］publish［C］know［D］write72.［A］another［B］other［C］one another［D］the other73.［A］However［B］And［C］Therefore［D］So74.［A］value［B］ratio［C］rate［D］speed75.［A］spread［B］passed［C］printed［D］completed76.［A］inform［B］be informed［C］to informed［D］informed77.［A］entertain［B］encourage［C］educate［D］edit78.［A］on［B］through［C］with［D］of79.［A］forms［B］existence［C］contents［D］purpose80.［A］tries to cover［B］manages to cover［C］fails to cover［D］succeeds in81.［A］source ［B］origin［C］course［D］finance82.［A］way［B］means［C］chance ［D］success83.［A］measures［B］measured［C］is measured［D］was measured84.［A］somewhat ［B］little［C］much［D］something85.［A］offering［B］offered［C］which offered［D］to be offered86.［A］by ［B］with［C］at［D］aboutPart Ⅵ Translation(5 minutes)Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means (想找麻烦).88.Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I (本来不必从银行借钱的).89.(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.90.I (将做实验) from three to five this afternoon.91.If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to (诉诸武力).参考答案及解析Part I Writing【写作思路】本文是一篇关于择业的议论文。

大学英语四级考前模考试卷(一)附答案

四级考前模考试卷（一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.1. 目前有不少大学请明星当客座教授2. 对这一现象，人们看法不同3. 我的看法……Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Eight Things Successful People Do DifferentlyWhy have you been so successful in reaching some of your goals, but not others? If you aren’t sure, you are far from alone in your confusion. It turns out that even brilliant, highly accomplished people are pretty awful when it comes to understanding why they succeed or fail. The intuitive answer — that you are born predisposed to certain talents and lacking in others — is really just one small piece of the puzzle. In fact, decades of research on achievement suggests that successful people reach their goals not simply because of who they are, but more often because of what they do.Get specificWhen you set yourself a goal, try to be as specific as possible. “Lose 5 pounds” is a better goal than “lose some weight”. Knowing exactly what you want to achieve keeps you motivated until you get there. Also, think about the specific actions that need to be taken to reach your goal. Just promising you’ll “eat less” or “sleep more” is too vague — be clear and precise. “I’ll be in bed by 10pm on weeknights” leaves no room for doubt about what you need to do, and whether or not you’ve actually done it.Seize the moment to act on your goalsGiven how busy most of us are, and how many goals we are juggling (同时做) at once, it’s not surprising that we routinely miss opportunities to act on a goal because we simply fail to notice them. Did you really have no time to work out today? Achieving your goal means grabbing hold of these opportunities before they slip through your fingers.To seize the moment, decide when and where you will take each action you want to take, in advance. Again, be as specific as possible. Studies show that this kind of planning will help your brain to detect and seize the opportunity when it arises, increasing your chances of success by roughly 300%.Know exactly how far you have left to goAchieving any goal also requires honest and regular monitoring of your progress — if not by others, then by you yourself. If you don’t know how well you are doing, you can’t adjust your behavior or your strategies accordingly. Check your progress frequently — weekly, or even daily, depending on the goal.Be a realistic optimistWhen you are setting a goal, by all means engage in lots of positive thinking about how likely you are to achieve it. Believing in your ability to succeed is enormously helpful for creating and sustaining your motivation. But whatever you do, don’t underestimate how difficult it will be to reach your goal. Most goals worth achieving require time, planning, effort, and persistence. Studies show that thinking things will come to you easily and effortlessly leaves you ill-prepared for the journey ahead, and significantly increases the odds of failure.Focus on getting better, rather than being goodMany of us believe that our intelligence, our personality, and our physical aptitudes (才能) are fixed — that no matter what we do, we won’t improve. As a result, we focus on goals that are all about proving ourselves, rather than developing and acquiring new skills.Fortunately, decades of research suggest that the belief in fixed ability is completely wrong — abilities of all kinds are profoundly malleable (可改变的). Embracing the fact that you can change will allow you to make better choices, and reach your fullest potential. People whose goals are about getting better, rather than being good, take difficulty in stride, and appreciate the journey as much as the destination.Have grit (毅力)Studies show that gritty people obtain more education in their lifetime, and earn higher college GPAs (grade point average). Grit predicts which cadets (军校学员) will stick out their first difficult year at West Point.The good news is, if you aren’t particularly gritty now, there is something you can do about it. People who lack grit more often than not believe that they just don’t have the innate abilities successful people have — they are wrong. As I mentioned earlier, effort, planning, persistence, and good strategies are what it really takes to succeed. Embracing this knowledge will not only help you see yourself and your goals more accurately, but also do wonders for your grit.Build your willpower muscleYour self-control “muscle” is just like the other muscles in your body — when it doesn’t get much exercise, it becomes weaker over time. But when you give it regular workouts by putting it to good use, it will grow stronger and stronger, and be better able to help you successfully reach your goals.To build willpower, take on a challenge that requires you to do something you’d honestly rather not do. When you find yourself wanting to give in, give up, or just not bother — don’t. Start with just one activity, and make a plan for how you will deal with troubles when they occur (“If I have a desire for a snack, I will eat one piece of fresh fruit.”) It will be hard in the beginning, but it will get easier, and that’s the whole point. As your strength grows, you can take on more challenges and step-up your self-control workout.Focus on what you will do, not what you won’t doDo you want to successfully lose weight, quit smoking, or put a lid on your bad temper? Then plan how you will replace bad habits with good ones, rather than focusing only on the bad habits themselves. Research on thought suppression (压制) (e.g., “Don’t think about white bears!”) has shown that trying to avoid a thought makes it even more active in your mind. The same holds true when it comes to behavior — by trying not to engage in a bad habit, our habits get strengthened rather than broken.If you want to change your ways, ask yourself, ‘What will I do instead?’ For example, if you are trying to gain control of your temper and stop flying off the handle, you might make a plan like “If I am starting to feel angry, then I will take three deep breaths to calm down.” By using deep breathing as a replacement for giving in to your anger, your bad habit will get worn away over time until it disappears completely.1. Many people didn’t expect that very successful people _______.A) can succeed in difficult tasks but fail in very simple onesB) aren’t clear why they succeed in achieving their goalsC) tend to feel very lonely when they reach their goalsD) are born with some special ability to do something well2. Why should people be specific when setting a goal?A) It boosts their confidence. B) It makes the goal easier to achieve. C) It saves time in reaching the goal. D) It helps sustain their motivation.3. Very often, people who miss chances to act on a goal attribute the failure to _______.A) being busy and having no time B) setting too difficult goalsC) getting no notice from others D) hoping for better chances4. According to studies, when people plan specific actions in advance, _______.A) there is no doubt that they will fulfill their dreamsB) they have greater possibilities of reaching their goalsC) they are able to get their work done more efficientlyD) they are more likely to persist in face of difficulty5. The author suggests that monitoring your progress regularly _______.A) should be done by people around youB) is helpful for determining whether the goal is realisticC) enables you to make necessary adjustment in actionsD) is not always essential depending on the goal6. Thinking that goals are not difficult to reach _______.A) prepares people better for challengesB) prevents people from shying away from hardshipsC) helps people cope with difficulty calmlyD) significantly raises the possibility of failure7. What does the author say about people believing in fixed ability?A) They don’t focus on goals that improve themselves.B) They are more willing to commit to long-term goals.C) They can’t take on many challenging tasks at one time.D) Their goals are to get better instead of being good.8. People lacking determination usually believe that they are not born with _____________________________________ that successful people have.9. Your ability to control your mind and body will become stronger if you _____________________________________ and use it properly.10. According to some research, if you try to suppress thinking about white bears, it just becomes_____________________________________ in your brain.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Quit their jobs at the same time.B) Establish a firm in collaboration.C) Enrich their poor knowledge in business.D) Take an adventurous trip with their savings.12. A) People should not idle away their life.B) People should have made greater achievement.C) People should avoid being killed unexpectedly.D) People should have taken things more seriously.13. A) Time passes very quickly.B) The woman is wrong about the pick-up time.C) He doesn’t have anything to do.D) Before lunch is a great time to pick up the papers.14. A) She has to work to support herself. B) Her classes are not difficult.C) She goes to a full-time school. D) She takes evening courses.15. A) Jack survived the accident. B) Jack saved all the other passengers.C) Jack had little damage done to his car. D) Jack was the only victim of the accident.16. A) Her mild temper. B) Her broad knowledge.C) Her teaching style. D) Her detailed answers.17. A) It won’t come out until June 26.B) It hasn’t been returned by the borrower.C) It is not available unless it has been reserved.D) It was withdrawn from the shelf as a back issue.18. A) Their healthy lifestyle. B) Their work environment.C) Their outgoing personality. D) Their usual food and drink.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) The rock-climbing training involves a lot of preparation.B) Rock-climbing is safe if you are experienced enough.C) The woman is not excited about the first class in rock-climbing.D) The speakers will take a climbing trip in the early spring when the ice breaks.20. A) One is safe if he is very careful.B) Hi-tech safety equipment ensures one’s safety.C) A lot of people do rock-climbing and they are OK.D) There are no dangerous places nearby to do rock-climbing.21. A) She can make a lot of friends.B) She can work more efficiently.C) She can learn mental discipline.D) She can get more familiar with the man.22. A) He might join the class.B) He will join the class if the woman does.C) He still thinks it unworthy to join the class.D) He will tell the woman once he has made a decision.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) It’s difficult to obtain happiness.B) Happiness is only a state of mind.C) Happiness is closely related to material life.D) People shouldn’t always ask what happiness is.24. A) They have no dreams.B) They don’t feel being loved.C) They get used to what they have.D) They only cherish the material things.25. A) Expensive ones. B) Cheap ones.C) Gifts made carefully. D) Gifts that won’t last.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Pets’ value in medical research. B) What pets bring to their owners.C) How pets help people calm down. D) People’s opinions of keeping pets.27. A) If he has a pet companion. B) If he has less stress of work.C) If he often does mental calculation. D) If he is taken care of by his family.28. A) They have lower blood pressure. B) They become more patient.C) They are in higher spirits. D) They are less nervous.29. A) People with dogs did more exercise.B) Dogs lost the same weight as people did.C) Dogs liked exercise much more than people did.D) People without dogs found the program unhelpful.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s.B) By 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year.C) Some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy.D) Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning.31. A) Camillo Olivetti’s death. B) Its slow progress.C) A period of financial problem. D) Its agreements with other companies.32. A) It produces the best typewriter in the world.B) It exports more typewriters than other computers.C) It designs the world’s first mainframe computer.D) It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He never watched TV. B) He read what he had to.C) He found reading unbelievable. D) He considered reading part of his life.34. A) It helps him to realize his dream.B) It opens up a wider world for him.C) It makes his college life more interesting.D) It increases his interest in worldwide travel.35. A) Why do I read? B) How do I read?C) What do I read? D) When do I read?Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Today we talk about the difference between a college and a university. Colleges and universities have a lot in (36) ________. They prepare young adults for work. They provide a greater (37) ________ of the world and its past. And they help students learn to (38) ________ the arts and sciences.Students who attend either a college or a university (39) ________ take four years to complete a program of study. But one difference is that many colleges do not offer (40) ________ study programs or support research projects.Universities often are much larger than colleges. Universities carry out a lot of research. They offer more programs in different areas of study, for undergraduate and graduate students. (41) ________ universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university”came from the Latin “universitas”. This described a group of people organized for a common (42) ________.“College”came from a Latin word with a (43) ________ meaning, “collegium”. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live. (44) ____________________________________________________.Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts. The liberal arts are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They trained a person’s mind. (45) ________________________________.Another meaning of “college”is a part of a university. (46) __________________________________________. This is still true.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Advice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists say. After a good night’s sleep, a problem that seemed insurmountable(不能克服的) the night before can often appear more 47 , although the evidence until now has been anecdotal (轶事的).But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night’s sleep can 48 insight and problem-solving. Dr. Jan Born, a neuroscientist at the university, and his team taught volunteers two simple rules to help them 49 a string of numbers into a new order. There was also a third, 50 rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups: half were allowed to sleep after the training while the51 were forced to stay awake. They noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as52 to figure out the third rule as the other group.“You have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve, and then you sleep. Sleep can act on the problem,” Born said in a telephone interview. But he also admitted that how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it is still 53 .Other scientists say the 54 evidence supports the anecdotal suggestions that sleep can stimulate creative thinking.Although the role of sleep in human creativity will 55 be a mystery, the research gives people goodreason to 56 respect their periods of sleep.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Many of us sit in front of a computer for eight hours a day, and then go home and head for the couch to surf the Web or watch television, exchanging one seat and screen for another. Even if we try to squeeze in an hour at the gym, is it enough to counteract (抵消) all that motionless sitting?A mounting body of evidence suggests not.Increasingly, research is focusing not on how much exercise people get, but how much of their time is spent in sedentary (久坐的) activity, and the harm that does.The latest findings, published this week in The Journal of the American College of Cardiology, indicate that the amount of leisure time spent sitting in front of a screen can have such an overwhelming, seeminglyirreparable (无法弥补的) impact on one’s health that physical activity doesn’t produce much benefit.The study followed 4,512 middle-aged Scottish men for a little more than four years on average. It found that those who said they spent two or more leisure hours a day sitting in front of a screen were at double the risk of a heart attack or other heart events compared with those who watched less. Those who spent four or more hours of recreational time in front of a screen were 50 percent more likely to die of any cause. It didn’t matter whether the men were physically active for several hours a week — exercise didn’t reduce the risk associated with the high amount of sedentary screen time.The study is not the first to suggest that sedentary activities like television viewing may be harmful. A 2009 study reported that young children who watch one and a half to five and a half hours of TV a day have higher blood pressure readings than those who watch less than half an hour, even if they are thin and physically active.Recreational screen time has an “independent, injurious relationship”with heart and the blood vessels events and death of all causes, the paper concluded, possibly because it induces metabolic (新陈代谢) changes.The study focused on recreational screen time because it’s the easiest to reduce, Dr. Stamatakis said. But he encouraged employees who work at computers all day to get up and take breaks and short walks periodically.57. According to the passage, more and more evidence proves that ______.A) people doing regular exercises after work tend to enjoy good healthB) people nowadays seem to spend excessive time seated at homeC) the time people spend watching TV is increasing dramaticallyD) physical activities don’t reduce the bad effect of long time’s sitting58. What do we learn from the study published in The Journal of the American College of Cardiology?A) The more people watch TV, the healthier they will become.B) The amount of exercises people get should be taken seriously.C) The harm done by sedentary activities seems impossible to repair.D) Exercise can make up for damage caused by high amount of sitting time.59. A 2009 study supported the idea that ______.A) physical inactivity may do harm to people’s healthB) the length of time spent in taking exercises do matterC) television viewers are more likely to die of heart diseasesD) thin teenagers are immune to disease caused by watching TV60. Why leisure time spent in front of the screen is related to heart diseases?A) Some content of the TV programs makes the heart beat faster.B) It causes chemical processes in people’s body to change.C) Extended sitting slows circulating blood to the heart.D) Radiation from the screen causes physical harm to the heart.61. Dr. Stamatakis suggested people who rely on computers to work ______.A) secretly combine business with leisureB) quit their current jobs as soon as possibleC) take breaks from the screen at regular intervals of timeD) get up early so as to take regular exercises in the morningPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.If two scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory are correct, people will still be driving gasoline-powered cars 50 years from now, giving out heat-trapping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere — and yet that carbon dioxide will not contribute to global warming.The scientists, F. Jeffrey Martin and William L. Kubic Jr., are proposing a concept, which they have namedGreen Freedom, for removing carbon dioxide from the air and turning it back into gasoline.The idea is simple. Air would be blown over a liquid solution which would absorb the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide would then be extracted (提取) and subjected to chemical reactions that would turn it into fuel.Although they have not yet built a synthetic fuel factory, or even a small prototype (原型), the scientists say it is all based on existing technology.“Everything in the concept has been built, is operating or has a close cousin that is operating,” Dr. Martin said.The Los Alamos proposal does not violate any laws of physics, and other scientists have independently suggested similar ideas.In the efforts to reduce humanity’s emissions of carbon dioxide, three solutions have been offered: hydrogen(氢)-powered fuel cells, electric cars and biofuels. Biofuels are gasoline substitutes produced from plants like corn or sugar cane. Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, but growing crops for fuel takes up wide strips of land.Hydrogen-powered cars emit no carbon dioxide, but producing hydrogen requires copious (大量的) energy, and if that energy comes from coal-fired power plants, then the problem has not been solved.Electric cars also push the carbon dioxide problem to the power plant. And electric cars have typically been limited to a range of tens of miles as opposed to the hundreds of miles that can be driven on a tank of gas.Gasoline, it turns out, is an almost ideal fuel (except that it produces CO2). If it can be made out of carbon dioxide in the air, the Los Alamos concept may mean there is little reason to switch, after all.“It’s definitely worth pursuing,” said Martin I. Hoffert, a professor of physics at New York University. Other scientists also said the proposal looked promising but could not evaluate it fully because the details had not been published.62. What is most remarkable about the proposal made by the two scientists?A) It is given a special name. B) No law of physics is violated.C) It is based on existing technology. D) CO2 can be converted into fuel.63. What does the author say about biofuels?A) They are considered as ideal substitutes for fossil fuels.B) It is a great waste to use so many plants to produce fuels.C) They help ease global warming but will use a large area of land.D) Cars using biofuels have a longer range than cars running on gas.64. The biggest problem with hydrogen-powered cars is that ______.A) there is no cheap source of hydrogen energyB) they may still be a cause of global warmingC) safety problems might occur in hydrogen productionD) they are not suitable for long-distance travel65. What will happen if what is proposed by the two scientists becomes true?A) There will be no need for gasoline substitutes.B) Air pollution will become a thing of the past.C) People will be able to use much cheaper energy.D) There will be no more gasoline-powered vehicles.66. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A) To compare different energy sources.B) To introduce a new concept of zero carbon gasoline.C) To explain why gasoline is important to us.D) To discus how to solve the problem of global warming.Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.。

英语四级模拟测试题(一)

模拟测试题(一)Part I listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Section A（7*1’=7’）Directions:In this section, you will hear 7 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. 4,840 kilometers. B. 4,080 kilometers.C. 4,480 kilometers.D. 4,048 kilometers.2. A. All day. B. Only in the morning.C.Only in the afternoon.D. The same as during the week.3. A. Boston. B. Honolulu.C. Chicago.D. Midwest.4. A. $ 3.00. B. $ 1.50.C. $ 2.25.D. $ 2.755. A. Listening to the radio. B. Watching television.C. Reading a newspaper.D. Reading a novel.6. A. Alan finished his degree long ago.B. Alan will be working for at least four more years.C. Alan began his studies more than four years ago.D. Alan has just started working on his degree.7. A. Tidying up the room.B. Eating peanuts.C. Cleaning the floor.D. Smoking.Section B (7*2’=14’)Directions:In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of the passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.8. A. Like many other dogs, it tried to please its master.B. Unlike many other dogs, it wanted its master to please it.C. It was more intelligent than many other dogs.D. It was the most faithful dog of his friend’s.9. A. To please the visitor.B. To be pleased by the visitor.C. To ask the visitor to leave immediately.D. To invite the visitor for a walk.10. A. It is more intelligent than German shepherds.B. It has only one eye.C. It can help blind people go to special schools.D. It can help and see for blind people.Passage TwoQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A. Your eyesight.B. Your driving ability.C. Your car’s mechanical condition.D. Your knowledge of traffic regulations.12. A. To practice driving with an experienced driver.B. To drive under normal highway condition.C. To have the car checked by the license officer.D. To use it as an identification card.13. A. The license office provides the test vehicle.B. The examiner shows how to start, stop or park.C. The examiner watches you driving in your car.D. The test is carried out where there is little traffic.14. A. Drivers to be. B. Traffic regulation makers.C. License examiners.D. Policemen.Section C (9*1’=9’)Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea,. when the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard, or write down the main point in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.In my family, we were taught and shown by examples that politics can be a noble profession, that each of us should 15 the country that has given us so much. Over the past years, 16 , I worry that my own children have 17 a profound fear of government. What is happening makes them confused, uncertain and afraid-not unlike many adults.Though I don’t think President Clinton should be removed from office, I don’t forgive his 18 . It was wrong. Children must be taught to tell the truth, and they will be 19 if they don’t. My 5-year-old son Jack recently saw a picture of Clinton and said, “ He lied.” I couldn’t disagree, but I explain to him that people are judged by their whole life and work not by the 20 of what they have done.Certainly, we have the right to know about the character of the people who we elect. But that fight must be balanced against the right to privacy which often 21 with other values. For example, the right to keep our life private. But while anyone who enters the public life must be willing to sacrifice much of their privacy, they should not have to sacrifice all of it. When asked whether my father would go into politics today, I’d still like to think yes. He 22 public life, as my family has been since the days of my kid’s great-great-grandfather Honey Fitz. But I fear that today’s bad sides will 23 people from both parties from thinking they can make a difference.Part II Reading Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A (10*1’=10’)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the correspondingletter for each item on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Have you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are remarkably similar to the rest of us. You may have even heard them 24 to people saying there is anything different about them. “ I’m really just a normal guy,”25 an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotlight. There is, of course, usually a brief period when they actually start to believe they are as great as their 26 fans suggest. They start to wear 27 clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, however, does not often last long. They fall back to reality as fast as they had 28 risen above it all. What will it feel like to soar to such 29 and look down like an eagle from up high on everyone else? And what will it feel like to have flown so high only to 30 from your dream and realize you are only human? Some only see the 31 in losing something they had gained. They often make 32 attempts to regain what they lost. Often these efforts result in even greater pain. Some become 33 financially and emotionally. The only real winners are those who are happy to be back on the ground with the rest of us.Section B (10*1’=10’)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet .Endangered PeoplesA) Today, it is not distance, but culture that separates the peoples of the world. The central question of our time may be how to deal with cultural differences. So begins the book, Endangered Peoples, by Art Davidson. It is an attempt to provide understanding of the issues affecting the world’s native peoples. This book tells the stories of 21 tribes, cultures, and cultural areas that are struggling to survive. It tells each story through the voice of a member of the tribe .Mr. Davidson recorded their words. Art Wolfe and John Isaac took pictures of them. The organization called the Sierra Club published the book.B) The native groups live far apart in North America or South America, Africa or Asia. Yet their situations are similar. They are fighting the march of progress in an effort to keep themselves and their cultures alive. Some of them follow ancient ways most of the time. Some follow modern ways most of the time. They have one foot in ancient world and one foot in modern world. They hope to continue to balance between these two worlds. Yet the pressures to forget their traditions and join the modern world may be too great.C) Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, offers her thoughts in the beginning of the book Endangered Peoples. She notes that many people claim that native people are like stories from the past. They are ruins that have died. She disagrees strongly. She says native communities are not remains of the past. They have a future, and they have much wisdom and richness to offer the rest of the world.D) Art Davidson traveled thousands of miles around the world while working on the book. He talked to many people to gather their thoughts and feelings. Mr. Davidson notes that their desires are the same. People want to remain themselves, he says. They want to raise their children the way they were raised. They want their children to speak their mother tongue, their own language. They want them to have their parents’ values and customs. Mr. Davidso n says the people’s cries are the same: “Does our culture have to die? Do we have to disappear as a people?”E) Art Davidson lived for more than 25 years among native people in the American state of Alaska. He says his interest in native peoples began his boyhood when he found an ancient stone arrowhead. The arrowhead was used as a weapon to hunt food. The hunter was an American Indian, long dead. Mr. Davidson realized then that Indians had lived in the state of Colorado, right where he was standing. And it was then, he says, that he first wondered: “Where are they? Where did they go? ”He found answers to his early question. Many of the native peoples had disappeared. They were forced off their lands. Or they were killed in battle. Or they died from diseases brought by new settlers. Other native peoples remained, but they had to fight to survive the pressures of the modern world.F) The Gwich’in(哥威迅族,哥威迅人) are an example of the survivors. They have lived in what is now Alaska and Canada for 10,000 years. Now about 5,000 Gwich’in remain. They are mainly hunters. They hunt the caribou, a large deer with big horns that travels across the huge spaces of the far north. For centuries, they have used all parts of the caribou: the meat for food, the skins for clothes, the bones for tools. Hunting caribou is the way of life of the Gwich’in.G) One Gwich’in told Art Davidson of memories from his childhood. It was a time when the tribe lived quietly in its own corner of the world. He spoke to Mr. Davidson in these words: “As long as I can remember, someone would sit by a fire on the hilltop every spring and autumn. His job was to look for caribou. If he saw a caribou, he would wave his arms or he would make his fire to give off more smoke. Then the village would come to life! People ran up to the hilltop. The tribes seemed to be at its best at these gatherings. We were all filled with happiness and sharing!”H) About ten years ago, the modern world invaded the quiet world of the Gwich’in. Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. This area was the please where the caribou gave birth to their young. The Gwich’in feared the caribou would disappear. One Gwich’in woman describes the situation in these words: “Oil development threat ens the caribou. If the caribou are threatened, then the people are threatened. Oil company official and American lawmakers do not seem to understand. They do not come into our homes and share our food. They have never tried to understand the feeling expressed in our songs and our prayers. They have not seen the old people cry. Our elders have seen parts of our culture destroyed. They worry that our people may disappear forever.”I) A scientist with a British oil company dismisses (驳回，打消) the fears of th e Gwich’in. He also says they have no choice. They will have to change. The Gwich’in, however, are resisting. They took legal action to stop the oil companies. But they won only a temporary ban on oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. Pressures continue on other native people, as Art Davidson describes in his book. The pressures come from expanding populations, dam projects that flood tribal lands, and political and economic conflicts threaten the culture, lands, and lives of such groups as the Quechua of Peru, the Malagasy of Madagascar and the Ainu of Japan.J) The organization called Cultural Survival has been in existence for 22 years. It tries to protect the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world. It has about 12,000 members. And it receives help from a large number of students who work without pay. Theodore MacDonald is director of the Cultural Survival Research Center. He says the organization has three main jobs. It does research and publishes information. It works with native people directly. And it creates markets for goods produced by native communities.K) Late last year, Cultural Survival published a book called State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. The book contains reports from researchers who work for Cultural Survival, from experts on native peoples, and from native peoples themselves. The book describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. It includes longer reports about several threatened societies, including the Penan of Malaysia and the Anishina be of North American. And it provides the names of organizations similar to Cultural Survival for activists, researchers and the press.L) David May bury-Lewis started the Cultural Survival organization. Mr. May bury-Lewis believes powerful groups rob native peoples of their lives, lands, or resources. About 6,000 groups are left in the world.A native group is one that has its own langue. It has a long-term link to a homeland. And it has governed itself. Theodore MacDonald says Cultural Survival works to protect the rights of groups, not just individual people. He says the organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when these rights are threatened .Mr. MacDonald notes that conflicts between different groups within a country have been going on forever and will continue. Such conflicts, he says, cannot be prevented. But they do not have to become violent. What Cultural Survival wants is to help set up methods that lead to peaceful negotiations of traditional differences. These methods, he says, are a lot less costly than war.34. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book EndangeredPeoples.35. The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.36. Art Davidson’s initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in hischildhood, which was once used by an American Indian hunter.37. The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modern world.38. By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the world desire to remainthemselves.39. Most of the Gwich’in are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.40. Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the rights and cultures of peoples throughoutthe world.41. According to Theodore MacDonald, the Cultural Survival organization, would like to develop a system ofearly warnings when a society’s rights are to be violated.42. The book State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger describes theconditions of different native and minority groups.43. The Gwich’in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve forfear that it should drive the caribou away.Section C (5*2’=10’)Directions: In this section there is one passage which is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and inproving that being disabled does not mean you can’t e njoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.44. The first games for the disabled were held _____ after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrivedin England.A. 40 yearsB. 21 yearsC. 10 yearsD. 9 years45. Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in______.A. New YorkB. LondonC. RomeD. Los Angeles46. In Paragraph 3, the word “athletes” means______.A. people who support the gamesB. people who watch the gamesC. people who organize the gamesD. people who compete in the games47. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an early organizer of the games for the disabled.B. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an injured soldier.C. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is from Germany.D. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is welcomed by the British government.48. From the passage, we may conclude that the writer is ______.A. one of the organizers of the game for the disabledB. a disabled person who once took part in the gamesC. against holding the games for the disabledD. in favor of holding the games for the disabledPart III Translation (30 minutes) （20’）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet .乒乓球是一项强调耐力和反应能力(reflexes)的运动，尽管乒乓球本身比较小，运动强度不大。

四级考试模拟试题一

四级考试模拟试题一一、听力理解（共20分）（一）短对话理解（每题1分，共5分）1. A) At the bookstore. B) At the library. C) At the cinema. D) At the post office.2. A) He's going to the beach. B) He's going to the concert. C) He's going to the museum. D) He's going to the party.3. A) She forgot her appointment. B) She missed her bus.C) She lost her keys. D) She broke her glasses.4. A) He needs to buy a new computer. B) He needs torepair his computer. C) He needs to upgrade his computer.D) He needs to return his computer.5. A) She's going to study abroad. B) She's going to work abroad. C) She's going to travel abroad. D) She's going to live abroad.（二）长对话理解（每题2分，共10分）听下面一段对话，回答6至7题。

6. What is the man's main concern about the new project?A) The budget. B) The schedule. C) The technology. D) The team.7. What does the woman suggest they should do?A) Reduce the budget. B) Extend the deadline. C) Hire more staff. D) Use more advanced technology.（三）短文理解（每题2分，共5分）听下面一段短文，回答8至10题。

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大学英语四级考试模拟试卷（1）Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Some radio singals were heard in 1967.They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown star.They were coming very regularly,too:about once a second,if they were controlled by clock.The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybodyelse.They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightenedpeople.The signals were coming from a very small body—nobigger,perhaps than the earth.Was that why no light could be seen from it?Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to some other star?There was no end to the questions,but the scientists kept the news secret.“Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there.”they thought,“who are trying to send messages to other planets,or to us?So the news was not given to thenewspaper.Instead,the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them...Well,all that happened in 1967 and 1968.Since then scientists have learnt more about those strange,regular,radio signals.And they have told the story,of course.The signals do not come from a planet;they come from a new kind of star called a “pulsar””.About a hundred other pulsars have now been found,and most of them are very like the first one.Pulsars are strong radio stars.They are the smallest but the heaviest stars we know at present.A handful of pulsar would weigh a few thousand tons.Their light—if they give much light—is too smallfor us to see.But we can be sure of this,no intelligent beings are living on them.21. The radio signals discussed in this passage____.A.were regularB.were controlled by a clockC.were heard in 1967 onlyD.were secret messages22. The radio singals were sent by____.A.a satelliteB.a planetC.a sky body which was unknown at that timeD.intelligent beings who were unknown at that time23. The scientists did not tell people about the signals because____.A.the singals stood for secret messagesB.people would ask them too many questionsC.they did not want to frighten peopleD.they stood for unimportant messages24. A pulsar is____.A. a small heavy star which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenB. a small heavy planet which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenC. a small heavy satellite which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenD. a small intelligent being who sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen25. Which of the following is true?A.One of the pulsars found by scientists sends radio signals.B.Pulsar began to send radio singals in 1967.C.Scientists have searched for pulsars for many years but found none.D.Scientists have found many pulsars since 1967.rn life and ancient life.27. “one out of seven” refers to____.A.more than a third of the lands' earthB.the percentage of the earth's land that is desert-likeC.the number of people who live in dry regionsD.a day of a week28. In paragraph 2,“they are taken to the greener lands in the south.”They refers to____.A.the Sahel farm landB.the farmersC.the cattlesD.the trees29. How many ideas for saving the land are described?A.Five.B.Two.C.Four.D.Three.30. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?A.The earth's desert are slowly spreading.B.One out of 10 people lives in dry regions.C.Their life in the desert is threatened now by traditional problems.D.New water wells can solve the problem in Africa's desert.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example,within seconds, people can know the results of an election inanother country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast.How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people,the world has become smaller. Of course this does not meanthat the world is actually physically smaller. It means that theworld seems smaller. Two hundred years ago,communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America.This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, or fight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace tooksix weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost theirlives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have diedif news had come in time.In the past,communication took much timethan it does now.There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger thanit does today.31. News spreads fast because of____.A.modern transportationB.new technologyC.the change of the worldD.a peace agreement32. According to this passage,____is very important to people ina disaster area.A.fast communicationB.modern technologytest newsD.new ideas33. Which of the following statements is true?A.The world now seems smaller because of faster communication.B.The world is actually smaller today.C.The world is changing its size.D. The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 181234. Two hundred years ago,news between the continents wascarried____.A.by telephone and telegraphB.by landC.by airD.by sea35. The New Orleans Battle could have been avoided if the peace agreement had been signed____.A.by both sidesB.in timeC.in AmericaD.in EnglandQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.[ZZ)]The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts,eat whatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentarylife-style without any excuse.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A multitude of factors,both inherited andenvironmental,influence the development of heal threlatedbehaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,thedecision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choices.There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the moral of personal choice,Fries and Crapo drew a comparison.[ZZ(Z]They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.[ZZ)]Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity oflife,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because____.A.personal health choices help cure most illnessesB.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC.it is essential to personal freedom in American societyD.wrong decisions could head to poor health37. To “live a completely sedentary life style”(Para. 1) in the passage means____.”A.to live an inactive lifeB.to live a decent lifeC.to live a life with complete freedomD.to live a life of vice38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because____.A.current medical knowledge is still insufficientB.there are many factors influencing our decisionsC.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for longevityD.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends39. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to____.A.improving the quality of one's lifeB.limiting one's personal health choiceC.deliberately ending one's lifeD.breaking the rules of social behavior40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on____.A.personal decisionsws of societyC.statistical evidenceD.opinions of friendsPart Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. ____he thought of it,the stars seemed always large and clear before the dawn of Christmas Day.A.As forB.Now thatC.BecauseD.As soon as42. A thought____him like a silver dagger.A.beatB.hitC.struckD.pondered43. I'll____this afternoon.A.get the radio fixedB.get the radio to be fixedC.get the radio being fixedD.get the radio fixing44. Who is____personnel at present?A.in the charge ofB.under charge ofC.under the charge ofD.in charge of45. Tell him to turn down the TV.It's____my nerves.A.get overB.get inC.get crazy withD.get on46. The family decided to raise two cows and five sheep____the chickens,ducks and rabbits.A.exceptB.besidesC.besideD.except for47. I woke up,____that he had gone.A.only findingB.only having foundC.only to findD.only to have found48. The project____by the time you come to China again.A.will be completedB.will have been completedC.is to be completedD.is going to be completed49. In the course of the work,we____lots of difficulties.A.met withB.sawC.got intoD.came across50. ____his accent,he must be from the south.A.Judged byB.Being judged fromC.Judging fromD.Being judged by51. The boy____his father.A.was accused of having killedB.was accused to have killedC.was accused of killingD.was accused to kill52. Missing the train means____for an hour.A.waitingB.to waitC.to be waitingD.have to wait53. Something extraordinary happened in that hospital.A man,who was declaredclinically dead,suddenly____.A.returned to lifeB.restored to lifeC.came to lifeD.survived54. They are glad to see the children____in the day care center.A.well taken careB.being well taken care ofC.well looked afterD.being well looked after55. She is a woman of rare gifts.Her performance last night was indeed very____.A.impressedB.impressiveC.impressingD.impression56. The road being built was scheduled to____traffic on May Day.A.be close toB.be closed toC.be open toD.be opened to57. It was more than fifteen years ago____I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz.A.whenB.thatC.in whichD.since58. ____than it began raining.A.Hardly had he reached homeB.Hardly did he reach homeC.No sooner did he reach homeD.No sooner had he reached home59. The man's life____if he had been sent to a better hospital.A.might have been savedB.may have been savedC.was to be savedD.should be saved60. Everybody looked____the direction of the explosion.A.toB.fromC.inD.into61. This is a____young writer.He has published quite a few good stories inrecent years.A.promisedB.looking forwardC.promisingD.clever62. The doctor insists that the patient____.A.must be operatedB.should be operatedC.be operated onD.needs operating on63. It sounds as if the telephone____.A.were ringingB.was ringing.C.has being ringingD.is ringing64. The family looked on helplessly as their house____.A.burning downB.was burned downC.was burning downD.burned down65. What is the____language in India?A.officeB.officialC.officiallyD.officer66. He____twenty times,striking a match each time to look at his old watch.A.had wakedB.was awakeC.must have wakedD.was waken67. There he bought____chocolate for his daughter,and then hehad____beers in the bar not far from the school.A.a bar of...a couple ofB.a piece of...a bottle ofC.a dozen of...a couple ofD.a cubic of...a tin of68. With his big fleshy nose he____his grandpa.A.looks likeB.takes afterC.looks afterD.resembles69. The ____majority were in support of this bill so it was passed without much difficulty.A.overflowingB.overtakingC.overloadingD.overwhelming70. The actress____the terms of her contract and was sued by the producer.A.isolatedB.signedC.implementedD.violatedPart Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese (15 minutes)Directions:In this part,there are five items which you should translate into Chinese,each item consisting of one or two sentences.These sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in Part Three of the Test Paper.You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation.You should refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.71.(Passage 1 Para.1)They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people.72. (Passage 2 Para.1)Now largely through problems caused by modern life,their existence is threatened by the slow,steady spread of the earth's deserts.73. (Passage 3 Para.1)Because of modern technology like the satellite that travel around the world,information travels fast.74. (Passage 4 Para.1)We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.75. (Passage 4 Para.1)They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the title ON Friendship.Your composition should be no less than 120 words.Remember to write your composition neatly.You should also base your composition on the outline below.1.The need for friends2.True friendship3.My principle in making friends。