博士生精读课程期末vocabluary模拟题
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及答案
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及答案攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题APart I: Vocabulary (20 points)1. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other .A. bruisesB. blundersC. handicapsD. drawbacks2. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was _ _ in tropic countries.A. prospectiveB. prevalentC. provocativeD. perpetual3. After several nuclear disasters, a has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A. quarrelB. suspicionC. verdictD. controversy4. He is a(n) and well-behaved child, but his parents worry about him for he talks too little.A. obedientB. transientC. consciousD. passionate5. Mary once with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.A. mergedB. collaboratedC. coincidedD. constituted6. A man has to make for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old.A. supplyB. assuranceC. provisionD. adjustment7. Earl was balancing himself on top of the fence when he lost his and fell off.A. equilibriumB. equivalenceC. equivalentD. equation8. The of a society, club, etc, are the records of its doings, especially as published each year.A. proceduresB. processesC. proceedingsD. projects9. Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves know where to look.A. virtuallyB. initiallyC. invariablyD. infinitely10. Outsiders have the success of Eastern Asia's economics with admiration, wonderment andsometimes hostility.A. gazedB. glancedC. contemplatedD. peered11. It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an plan.A. inherentB. ingeniousC. infectiousD. indulgent12. There are some between their two descriptions; we are puzzled which we should believe.A. discrepanciesB. distractionsC. diversionsD. discretion13. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to dreams were likely to behighly respected.A. interpretB. interveneC. inheritD. impact14. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainlyon .A. consciousnessB. impulseC. instinctD. response15. Equipment not official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.A. conforming toB. consistent withC. predominant overD. providing for16. According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically to construct a pioneeringspace colony, powered by solar energy.A. practicalB. flexibleC. feasibleD. beneficial17. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly _ _ to hot, dry winds.They are what we call weather-sensitive people.A. subjectiveB. subordinateC. liableD. vulnerable18. These areas rely on agriculture almost , having few mineral recourses and a minimum ofindustrial development.A. respectivelyB. extraordinarilyC. incrediblyD. exclusively19. There is no doubt that the of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestige 'B. superiorityC. priorityD. publicity20. Military orders are and cannot be disobeyed.A. defectiveB. conservativeC. alternativeD. imperative21. Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of grouping is advisable.A. homogenousB. instantaneousC. spontaneousD. anonymous22. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloonsslowly into the sky.A. ascendingB. elevatingC. escalatingD. lingering23. He obviously displayed a great for some of your poems.A. consentB. admirationC. respectD. pleasure24. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause of vegetables in the coming days.A. rarityB. scarcityC. invalidityD. variety25. The continuous unrest was _____________ the nation’s economy.A. exaggeratingB. aggravatingC. amendingD. fastening26. With a wave of his hand, the magician made the duck .A. scatterB. vanishC. abandonD. fly away27. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this __________ producesartificial cold surrounding it.A. absorptionB. transitionC. consumptionD. interaction28. They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to it because of the rainyweather.A. cancelB. eliminateC. delayD. prolong29. This dictionary is intended for American learners of Chinese.A. especiallyB. particularlyC. specificallyD. uniquely30. A UN official said that aid programs would be until there was adequate protection for reliefconvoy.A. dependedB. suspendedC. postponedD. expended31. The problem is that most local authorities lack the ____to deal sensibly in this market.A. anticipationB. perceptionC. prospectD. expertise32. Awards provide a(n)____for young people to improve their skills.A. incentiveB. initiativeC. fugitiveD. captive33. The physician had to visit his patient six ___________days before the patient could be considered in a faircondition.A. consequentB. consecutiveC. consistentD. conservative34. Oil is derived from the ____of microscopic sea creatures, and is even older, according to most geologists.A. layoutsB. remindersC. remainsD. 1eftovers35. Successful students sometimes become so ____with grades that they never enjoy their school years.A. passionateB. involvedC. immersedD. obsessed36. Apparently there were ____between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times.A. distortionsB. discrepanciesC. disordersD. distractions37. It had been a terrible afternoon for Jane, ____at about six o’clock in her father’s sudden collapse intounconsciousness.A. convergingB. culminatingC. finalizingD. releasing38. The 12-year-old civil war had____1.5 million lives.A. declaredB. proclaimedC. claimedD. asserted。
考博英语模拟试卷118(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷118(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Reading Comprehension Structure and V ocabulary1．With her last child having left home, she felt a ______ need to fill her time.A．tenseB．thoroughC．pressingD．small正确答案：C2．it is generally thought that as teachers work with students, psychology course work is ______ to teacher-training.A．indispensableB．inviolateC．indisposedD．invariable正确答案：A3．The announcement of the death of their leader caused thereafter a feeling of great despair to ______ their lives.A．overflowB．scatterC．permeateD．manipulate正确答案：C4．Fear of pirate ______ led the French to fortify their coastline.A．excursionsB．incursionsC．transmigrationsD．transmogrifications正确答案：B5．During the oil crisis of the 1970s, many states ______ speed limits to reduce gasoline use.A．implantedB．imposedC．impairedD．impressed正确答案：B6．Over-taxation, many argue, impedes initiative, so that government income may actually ______.A．mushroomB．capsizeC．shrinkD．dispel正确答案：C7．The assassin hid himself carefully from view before ______ his future victim.A．drawing fromB．drawing upC．drawing withD．drawing on正确答案：D8．He never exerts himself to aid those trying to ______ a difficult situation.A．rectifyB．modifyC．solidifyD．verify正确答案：A9．His alibi was fishy, yet ______ to close scrutiny.A．stood stillB．withstoodC．stood upD．stood off正确答案：C10．Practitioners of law and medicine are esteemed in many countries which seems to indicate that ______ depends on profession or title.A．prestigeB．superiorityC．privilegeD．merit正确答案：A11．The majority of the observers at the conference, in contradistinction to the delegates, were opposed to ratification.A．adjournmentB．distributionC．tablingD．approval正确答案：D12．Although it was none of my business I asked her if the one she was lamenting for was in any way kin.A．speaking forB．running risks forC．pleading forD．mourning for正确答案：D13．I could never spend the time that he does pouring over sports magazines, compiling intricate lists, and calculating averages.A．delicateB．incomprehensibleC．meaninglessD．complicated正确答案：D14．In England, Latin appears never to have superseded the old Gaelic speech among the people.A．joinedB．replacedC．influencedD．given way to正确答案：B15．Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall impeded our best attempts at rescuing the victims.A．encouragedB．hinderedC．nullifiedD．crowned正确答案：B16．Death ensued as a result of suffocation.A．heart failureB．an accidentC．diseaseD．asphyxiation正确答案：D17．We must safeguard against coerced confessions.A．bribedB．emotionalC．unprofitableD．forced正确答案：D18．My attention was engaged by the article’s caption.A．graphB．authorC．contentsD．title正确答案：D19．The report was unusual in that it insinuated corruption on the part of the minister.A．deniedB．suggestedC．proposedD．stated正确答案：B20．When a newspaper prints an inaccurate date for an event, universal chagrin results.A．discomfitureB．amusementC．reprisalD．loss of profit正确答案：AGrammar21．______ sugar ______ salt is oil water.A．Not as... asB．No more than... asC．Not more than... isD．Not more than... as正确答案：B22．His mother frequently denies him permission to do things, and that is ______.A．everB．thisC．thatD．over正确答案：C23．The staff in pediatrics ______ rushed whereas the geriatric ward is not busy at all.A．is nearly alwaysB．nearly is alwaysC．always is nearlyD．is always nearly正确答案：A24．Anais Nin’s diaries are often scandalous, probably because she describes herself as she is rather than ______.A．others define herB．as others define herC．her definition by othersD．she is defined by others正确答案：B25．______ , the mayor conceded defeat in his bid for re-election.A．Having racked up a lead of some 150000 votesB．Having been racked up a lead of some 150000 votesC．His opponent having racked up a lead of some 150000 votesD．His opponent racking up a lead of some 150000 votes正确答案：C26．Never has a scientific explanation emerged, ______ someone somewhere has objected to it.A．thatB．whichC．whomD．but正确答案：D27．Your mentor and friend ______ to support me in my financial, undertaking.A．have consentedB．has consentedC．have been consentingD．are consented正确答案：B28．Due in large part to the complexity of its structure--over two hundred bones ______ together by ligaments--the human skeleton is a marvel of architectural construction.A．bindingB．boundC．boundedD．bind正确答案：B29．In as much as a year does not elapse without a certain number of villagers falling victim to the ferocity of a tiger, its roar is ______ heard by the natives ______ feelings of terror.A．not... withB．not... withoutC．seldom... withD．always... without正确答案：B30．I regret to say that your thesis requires more thinking than ______ for the problem is exceedingly complex.A．to be put inB．has been put inC．being put inD．have been put in正确答案：B31．One of the (more intriguing) theories about the destruction of Ur is his contention that the population (may destroy) their ziggurats and (abandoned) their metropolis in anger against the deities that permitted (so long) a famine.A．more intriguingB．may destroyC．abandonedD．so long正确答案：B32．In the bush, the ill (took it to be) only logical (if) the one who could dure an illness (should also possess) the ability of causing it, and (that) even at a distance.A．took it to beB．ifC．should also possessD．that正确答案：B33．Ores which (are occurred) naturally (as) elements, such as gold (are of) extreme rarity and (are occasionally) of high value.A．are occurredB．asC．are ofD．are occasionally正确答案：A34．Unless (they are so permitted) by the attending (physician), no visitors or relatives (can) enter, the (patient’s) roomA．they are so permittedB．physicianC．canD．patient’s正确答案：C35． A rigorous alertness (must be) (adhered) when (notetaking) with the inessential ignored (and) the superfluous eliminated.A．must beB．adheredC．notetakingD．and正确答案：B36．It is (largely) through perspiration, (or) the evaporation of water (through) the pores, that humans(rid them) of excess moisture.A．largelyB．orC．throughD．rid them正确答案：D37．(Provided) the computer is (given) correct information (to start), accuracy (is) another outstanding advantage.A．ProvidedB．givenC．to startD．is正确答案：C38．And (so early) every morning (therefore), but not before the infant (bathed), (did she betake) herself to the outhouse.A．so earlyB．thereforeC．bathedD．did she betake正确答案：C39．He (stood) on tiptoe, (stretching) as far as he could, (however), still, he (could not reach) the book.A．stoodB．stretchingC．howeverD．could not reach正确答案：C40．(As gentle as possible), and (with help from) an assistant, the veterinarian examined the hippo to determine (if) (she) was pregnant.A．As gentle as possibleB．with help fromC．ifD．she正确答案：AReading ComprehensionResearchers disagree whether the “use it or lose it”philosophy holds for cognitive aging, but there is one evidence that keeping mentally active can slow age-related declines. At Pennsylvania State University, Sherry Willis and her husband, K. Warner Schaie, have studied 5000 people, some since 1956. People lucky enough to avoid chronic diseases may also fare better in intellectual function, they find, perhaps because chronic diseases can restrict lifestyle and reduce mental stimulation. Similarly, those lucky enough to be relatively affluent also fare better, perhaps because money can buy intellectually stimulating things like travel. Education helps, too, researchers say because of instills the conviction that you can always learn something new. The Schaie-Willis team also has some other observations. Being in a stable marriage with a stimulating spouse, they say, helps maintain intellectual vigor. Flexibility counts too. People who stay mentally vibrant are often those who do not insist that “they must do things today as they did before”Schaie says. In neuropsychological terms, the ability to see problems in new ways often yields higher scores on tests of-mental function. And people satisfied with life also stay more mentally fit, he says. If you find your mental skills sagging, consider working on specific deficits. When Willis gave 5-hour tutorials on inductive reasoning or spatial skills to about 200 people whose skills had declined in the previous 14 years, 40 percent regained lost abilities. That advantage held up seven years late when they were retested. Other ways to stay sharp, Schaie says, are doing jigsaw puzzles to hone visuo-spatial skills, working crossword puzzles for verbal skills, playing bridge for memory and simply matching wits at home with players on TV game shows. Finally, remember this. Even though you may lose some mental skills with normal aging, you also gain in one key area: wisdom. The growth of wisdom continues throughout the 40s, 50s and even 60s.41．In the passage, the author mainly discuss ______.A．the role mental stimulation in preventing mental aging,B．gradual loss of mental skills with normal aging.C．the relationship between mental function and spatial skills.D．effective ways to keep intellectual vigor.正确答案：D42．The word “it” in the saying “use it or lose it” (paragraph 1) refer to ______.A．brain powerB．cognitive developmentC．mental stimulatingD．intellectual function正确答案：A43．According ;to the researchers, which of the following factors affects cognitive aging?A．EducationB．Chronic illnessC．Standard of livingD．All of the above正确答案：D44．From this passage we may safely infer that ______ might help prevent mental declines.A．physical exercisesB．social interconnectionsC．rigid daily routinesD．a healthy diet正确答案：A45．According to the author, all of the following can truly be said about wisdom EXCEPT that ______.A．wisdom may be thought of as a special form of abilities and knowledge completely developed with life experience.B．wisdom may still grow even when the process of mental aging started.C．wisdom is superior in importance to mental skills such as inductive reasoning and spatial skills.D．wisdom makes up an important part of brain power.正确答案：CGeneration gaps are nothing new. Imperfect communication between age groups plagued the ancient Greeks and current works alike. Many an older worker chafes at an under-30 colleague who surfs the Internet, listens to his Sony Walkman and chats on the phone or with his desk mate, all while working on a projectdue in an hour. Sometimes, of course, he isn’t corking, and that’s a whole different issue. But sometimes he is getting lots of great stuff done. In the meantime, the different work styles create a case of “Would you please shut up” vs. “Lighten up. Get a life”Marc Prensky, vice president of Bankers Trust and founder of its interactive learning subsidiary, Corporate Gameware, was on point in Across the board, a publication of the conference board. The business research organization titled Prensky’s article “Twitch Speed,”a reference to the fast pace of video game play. Today under-30 workers likely grew up in a multimedia, technology-rich, twitch-speed environment. Prensky says they simultaneously did homework, watched TV and listened to music; this exposure changed the ways they receive and process information. Baby boomers and older workers may or may not have done homework by TV, but much else has changed. Sociologists say the over-30s are more likely to want room doors close. TV off, one thing happening at a time, quiet, please! When the two heritages clash in the workplace, it pits comfort with speed and “multitasking”against comfort with deliberation and focused concentration. Sound familiar? If the gap has become a chasm in your workplace, it’s time to talk. Both work styles can be productive, but both sides need to make accommodations so the other’s productivity isn’t impaired.46．This passage is mainly talking about ______.A．generation gapsB．work styles of different age groupsC．lack of mutual understanding between the old and the youngD．imperfect communication between old and young workers正确答案：B47．From the context we may figure out that the word “plagued” (paragraph 1 ) means ______.A．annoyedB．infectedC．damagedD．affected正确答案：C48．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A．Older workers often feel annoyed about their young colleagues’attitudes towards work.B．Younger workers always do a good job of their work though they prefer to listen to music or chat with others while working.C．The different work styles may sometimes lead to an unnecessary argument.D．Older workers are used to working in a comfortable and quiet environment sothat they can fully concentrate on what they are doing.正确答案：B49．The author agrees with Marc Prensky on the point that younger workers prefer a “multitasking” style because ______.A．they are smart and energeticB．they have the special ability to perform several tasks at the same time.C．brought up in a special cultural background, they have developed a behavioral pattern different from that of their older colleagues.D．they have been trained to receive and process information in a special way.正确答案：C50．The author maintains that both sides should ______ if the two pattern work styles clash headlong.A．be patientB．realize that both work styles are productiveC．make efforts to avoid doing damage to the other’s productivityD．make compromise to bridge the gulf between them正确答案：CA child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed test, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often g0.ilty of cruelty than those who had not. Every child has aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises form the child having heard the story once. familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into other pleasure of the fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that faints, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc, do not exist, and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their ease were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering atelephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external work and no sane child had ever believed that it was.51．The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ______.A．repeated without variationB．treated with reverenceC．adapted by the parentD．set in the present正确答案：C52．Some people dislike fairy stories they feel that they ______.A．tempt people to be cruel to childrenB．show the primitive cruelty in childrenC．lend themselves to undesirable experiments with childrenD．increase a tendency by which children’s impulses may be正确答案：D53．Fairy stories are a means by which children’s impulses may be ______.A．beneficially channeledB．given a destructive tendencyC．held back until maturityD．effectively suppressed正确答案：A54．The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ______.A．makes them come to terms with their fearsB．develops their power of memoryC．convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD．encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs正确答案：C55．The author’s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ______.A．fairy stories are still being made upB．there is confusion about different kinds of truthC．people try to modernize old fairy storiesD．there is more concern for children’s fears nowadays正确答案：BNo other country spends what we do per capita for medical care. The care available is among the Best technically, even if used too lavishly and thus dangerously, but none of the countries that stand above us in health status have such a high proportion of medically disenfranchised persons. Given the evidence that medical care is not that valuable and access to care is nor that had, it seems most unlikely that our bad showing is caused By the significant proportion who are poorly served. Other hypotheses have greater explanatory power: excessive poverty, both actual and relative, and excessive affluence. Excessive poverty is probably more prevalent in the U. S. than in any of the countries that have a better infant mortality rate and female life expectancy at birth. This is probably true also for all but four or five of the countries with a longer male life expectancy. In the notably poor counties that exceed us in male survival, difficult living conditions are a more accepted way of life and in several of them, a good basic diet, basic medical care and basic education, and lifelong employment opportunities are an everyday fact of life. In the U. S. a motional unemployment level of 10 percent can be 40 percent in the ghetto while less than 4 percent elsewhere. The countries that have surpassed us in health do not have such severe or entrenched problems. Nor are such a high proportion of their people involve in them. Excessive affluence is not so obvious a cause of ill health, but, at least until recently, few other nations could afford such unhealthful ways of living, excessive intake of animal protein and fats, dangerous intake of alcohol and use of tobacco and drugs (prescribed and proscribed), and dangerous recreational sports and driving habits are all possible only because of affluence. Our heritage, desires, opportunities, and our machismo, combined with the relatively low cost of had foods and speedy vehicles, make us particularly vulnerable to our affluence. And those who are not affluent try harder. Our unacceptable health status, then, will not be improved appreciably by expanded medical resources nor by their redistribution so much as by a general attempt to improve the quality of life for all.56．All of the following are mentioned in the passage as factors affecting the health of the population EXCEPT ______.A．the availability of medical care servicesB．the genetic endowment of individualsC．the nation’s relative position in health statusD．an individual’s own behavior正确答案：C57．The author is primarily concerned with ______.A．condemning the U. S. for its failure to provide better medical care to the poor.B．evaluating the relative significance of factors contributing to the poor healthstatus in the U.S.C．comparing the general health of the U. S. population with world averagesD．advocating specific measures designed to improve the health of U. S. population正确答案：B58．The passage best supports which of the following conclusions about the relationship between per capita expenditure of the health of a population?A．The per capita expenditure for medical care has relatively little effect on the total amount of medical care available to a population.B．The genetic makeup of a population is a more powerful determinant of the health of a population than the per capital expenditure for medical care.C．A population may have very high per capita expenditures for medical care and yet have a lower health status than other populations with lower per capita expenditures.D．The higher the per capita expenditure on medical care, the more advanced is the medical technology; and the more advanced the technology, the better is the health of the population.正确答案：C59．The author refers to the excessive intake of alcohol and tobacco and drug use in order to ______.A．show that some heath problems cannot be attacked by better medical care.B．demonstrate that use of tobacco and intoxicants is detrimental to health.C．cite examples of individual behavior that have adverse consequences for health status.D．illustrate ways in which affluence may contribute to poor health status.正确答案：D60．The passage provides information m answer which of the following questions?A．Which is the most powerful influence on the health status of a population?B．Which nation in the world leads in health status?C．Is the life expectancy of males in the U. S. longer than of females?D．What are the most important genetic factors influencing the health of an individual?正确答案：AIn the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that anymajor change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member”were high on the list but so were some positive life-changing events like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress, it only shows how much you have chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness.”“If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy,” the articles said, “avoid stressful events.” But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many, like the death of a loved one, are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity. But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom and mental strain.61．The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tell us ______.A．the way you handle major events may cause stressB．what should be done to avoid stressC．what kind of event would cause stressD．how to cope with sudden changes in life正确答案：C62．The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ______.A．widespread concern over its harmful effectsB．great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC．intensive research into stress-related illnessesD．popular avoidance of stressful jobs正确答案：A63．The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ______.A．how much pressure you are underB．how positive events can change you lifeC．how stressful a major event can beD．how you can deal with life-changing events正确答案：A64．Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line Par A.3) impossible to follow?A．No one can stay on the same job for longB．No prescription is effective in relieving stressC．People have to get married somedayD．You could be missing opportunities as well正确答案：D65．According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ______.A．nervous when faced with difficultiesB．physically and mentally strainedC．more capable of coping with adversityD．indifferent toward what happens to them正确答案：C“Most episodes of absent-mindedness--forgetting where you lift something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by a simple lack of attention,”says Schacter, “you are supposed to remember something but you haven’t encoded deeply.” Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you are involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter, “rather you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”Laek of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.’ Women have slightly better memories than men possibly because they pay more attention to their environment and memory relies on just that. “Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness.”says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,”he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table--don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absent-mindedness like walking into a room and wondering why you’re there is most likely because you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,’ says Zelinske. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room and you will likely remember.66．Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?A．It helps us understand our memory system better.B．It enables us to recall something from our memory.C．It expands our memory capacity considerably.D．It slows down the process of losing our memory.正确答案：B67．One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ______.A．they have a wider range of interestsB．they are more reliant on the environmentC．they have an unusual power of focusing their attentionD．they are more interested in what’s happening around them正确答案：D68．A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ______.A．it will easily get lostB．it’s not clear enough for you to readC．it’s out of your sightD．it might get mixed up with other things正确答案：C69．What do we learn from the last paragraph?A．If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.B．Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.C．Repetition helps improve our memory.D．If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.正确答案：B70．What is the passage mainly about?A．The process of gradual memory loss.B．The causes of absent-mindedness.C．The impact of the environment on memory.D．A way of encoding and recalling.正确答案：BIt is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, Which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior. So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43。
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(96)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(96)(总分150, 做题时间150分钟)Structure and Vocabulary** music aroused an______feeling of homesickness in him.SSS_SINGLE_SELAintentionalBintermittentCintenseDintrinsic该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.2答案:C四个选项的意思分别是：intentional故意的，策划的；intermittent间歇的，断断续续的；intense强烈的，紧张的；intrinsic固有的，内在的，本质的。
句意是，那音乐激起他强烈的思乡之情。
根据句意可推出正确答案是C选项。
** medicine______his pain but did not cure his illness.SSS_SINGLE_SELAactivatedBalleviatedCmediatedDdeteriorated该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.2答案:B四个选项的意思分别是：activated使运作，使起作用，激活；alleviated减轻，缓解(痛苦等)；mediated调停，调解；deteriorated使恶化。
句意是，这种药缓解了他的疼痛，但不能治愈他的疾病。
根据句意可推出正确答案是B选项。
** no______should you do this without help and advice from your doctor—restricting the diet of small children can be very dangerous.SSS_SINGLE_SELAperspectivesBrestrictionsCcircumstancesDconsequences该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.2答案:C本题空格处是说在任何情况下都不该这么做。
考博英语模拟试卷266(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷266(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Early last year the company researched the possibility of______ a new late-night show.A．launchingB．longingC．leadingD．landing正确答案：A解析：A选项launching意为“发动；开展(活动、计划等)”。
根据句意“去年年初，这个公司研究了推出新的深夜秀的可能性”，故选A。
其他三项中，B 选项longing“渴望”；C选项leading“领导；引导”；D选项landing“登岸；降临”，都不符合句意。
2．The medicine______his pain but did not cure his illness.A．activatedB．alleviatedC．deterioratedD．mediated正确答案：B解析：B选项alleviated意为“减轻，缓解”。
根据句意“这种药缓和了他的疼痛，但不能治愈他的疾病”，故选B。
其他三项中，A选项activated“触发”；C选项deteriorated“使恶化”；D选项mediated“调解”，都不符合句意。
3．The purpose of a______is to cut down imports in order to protect domestic industry and workers from foreign competition.A．taxB．tollC．feeD．tariff正确答案：D解析：A项tax意为“税”；B项toll意为“服务费”；C项fee意为“费用”；D项tariff意为“关税”。
考博英语模拟试卷200(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷200(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comprehension 5. English-Chinese Translation 6. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．The government slated new elections in the spring, largely as a result of the public clamor.A．demandB．viewC．requestD．opinion正确答案：A解析：本题中，clamor的意思是“大声的要求”。
A项“demand(强烈的)要求”符合题意，如：Ives listened to the workers’ demand for more money．(艾大斯听了工人们增加工资的要求。
)其他三项“view观点，见解；request请求，(委婉的)要求；opinion意见，看法”都不正确。
2．The most prolific writer is not necessarily the best.A．written-aboutB．productiveC．artfulD．religious正确答案：B解析：本题中，prolific的意思是“多产的”。
B项“productive多产的”符合题意，如：a productive farm(肥沃的农场)。
written-about的意是“关于书面的”；artful的意思是“狡猾的”；religious的意思是“虔诚的”，都不正确。
3．Imagine my vexation when they said they would come to dinner and then didn’t show.A．enlightenmentB．astonishmentC．annoyanceD．contrariness正确答案：C解析：本题中，vexation的意思是“恼怒，烦恼”。
考博英语模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comprehension 5. English-Chinese Translation 6. Chinese-English Translation 7. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．He seemed reluctant to send his troops in an effort to discourage the ______ peasants.A．animatedB．rebelliousC．creasedD．impassive正确答案：B解析：句意：他似乎不太愿意用他的军队去阻止起义的农民。
rebellious反叛的，反抗的；animated活泼的，生动的；creased有折痕的；impassive冷漠的。
2．The company will ______ to its agreement, no matter how costly the process may be.A．retainB．alterC．abandonD．adhere正确答案：D解析：句意：该公司将信守协议，不论这一过程的代价有多大。
adhere坚持，与to构成常用词组；retain保持，保留；alter改变；abandon放弃，遗弃。
3．The drug store at the comer of our street sells aspirins and ______ penicillin prescriptions.A．dispensesB．disposesC．dispersesD．dispatches正确答案：B解析：句意：街角上的药店出售aspirins和处方penicillin。
dispose处理；dispense分配，分发；disperse(使)分散，(使)分开；dispatch分派，派遣。
大学英语精读模拟试卷1
⼤学英语精读模拟试卷1⼤学英语精读模拟试卷 1⼤学英语精读(⼀) 模拟试题(⼀)考⽣注意:1.考试时间:120分钟2.本套试卷共五道⼤题，满分100分。
- - - - - - - - - - - -答案Part ?. Vocabulary and Structure (每题1分，20⼩题，共20分。
)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part .For each sentence there arefour choices marked A、B、C、and D .Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1.It was not until the train had left _____the stationA、I arrivedB、did I get toC、that I arrivedD、that I reached2.It was several minutes before I became _____was happening in the classroom.A、aware ofB、aware thatC、aware of thatD、aware of what 3._____we have disturbed you at your work. Among A，B，C and D，which one CAN'T be used here?A、It is sureB、I'm sureC、It is certainD、I'm certain 4.Dr Smith went into the lab, his students _____him closely.A、followedB、followingC、to followD、being following 5.The police investigation discovered three young men were _____in the robbery.A、joinedB、includedC、connectedD、involved 6.It's getting colder and colder，for winter_____ .A、has round the cornerB、has come onC、is round the cornerD、is drawing7.John writes beautiful handwriting _____his age.A、thinkingB、consideringC、inD、regarding of 8.Myra _____tears when she learned her husband had been injured in an accident.A、broke outB、broke inC、broke throughD、broke into 9.The article is _____to be studied carefully.A、worthB、worthy ofC、worthyD、worth while 10.Rain does not_____bring down the temperature.A、certainlyB、undoubtedlyC、necessarilyD、completely 11.The house was not very old. It _____knocked downA、ought to beB、ought to have beenC、ought not have beenD、should not have been12. His failure in the exams _____in part _____his laziness.A、resulted…fromB、resulted…inC、ca me up…withD、kept up…with13. Which of the following is wrong?A、Nobody knew the answer besides me.B、The carpet is good exceptfor its price.C、He rarely goes to anywhere except to her parents.D、Amy used to drink nothing but coffee.14. You should _____this opportunity and try to make a good impression on them.A、take use ofB、make the use ofC、take advantage ofD、take the advantage of 15 Father insisted that the homework _____before ten in the evening.A、is to be finishedB、ought to be finishedC、be finishedD、had to be finished 16. Sorry, I took your umbrella by_____ .A、mistakeB、errorC、faultD、wrong17. When the class was over，the children went _____home.A、directB、rightC、straightD、immediate18. I received a _____parcel yesterday and I am still wondering who may have sent it.A、sincereB、dullC、efficientD、mysterious19. They _____the foreign-owned plants one after another.A、took overB、took onC、took upD、took off20. _____，you have the right to go to school.A、No matter whoever you areB、Whoever you areC、Whomever you areD、NO matter who are youPart?. (每题2分，10⼩题，共20分。
中科院英语考博模拟试题(word)版及答案模考二
全真模拟试题BPart I: Vocabulary (20 points)1. Make up your mind that whatever the short-term temptations may be, you will never ____from the higheststandards of honor.A. deviateB. escapeC. deriveD. refrain2. They teach the vocabulary of the English used in computer science, which is also listed ____in the glossary.A. in sumB. in totalC. in generalD. in full3. This brings a feeling of emptiness that can never be filled and leaves us with a ____for more.A. scarcityB. commandC. hungerD. request4. Job fairs are usually very lively and informal, and you can roam____, surveying what is on offer and gatheringliterature on jobs you might not have considered in the everyday run of things.A. at peaceB. at leisureC. at restD. at speed5. The closest ____to English and Welsh grammar schools are called grammar secondary schools；they can, however,accept some fee-paying pupils.A. equalityB. equationC. equivalentD. equity6. At first the university refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was ____revised.A. consecutivelyB. consequentlyC. successivelyD. subsequently7. He ____us as consistently fair and accurate about the issues we are concerned about.A. confusesB. regardsC. strikesD. knocks8. The water was so clear that it ____the trees on the river bank.A. shadowedB. shadedC. representedD. reflected9. Some 121 countries may be designated “developing”, and of this 121, seventeen countries ____more thanfour-fifths of energy consumption.A. amount toB. account forC. add upD. take away10. The researchers found the age at which young people first fall ____to bullies seems to determine how much itaffects them.A. sacrificeB. shortC. witnessD. victim11. Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature_ ___to protect thedolphins.A. reservationB. rescueC. reserveD. refugee12. Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that this will_ ___the memory of thepassers-by.A. keepB. easeC. jogD. enhance13. Diamonds have little_ ___value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A. intricateB. intactC. intriguingD. intrinsic14. At the moment she is_ ___thenetball match between the Japanese team and the Cuban team over at theplaying field.A. arbitratingB. interveningC. refereeingD. deciding15. Any time_ ___, any period of waiting is becau se you haven’t come and received the message.A. errorB. cutC. 1ackD. 1ag16. James Joyce was_ ___as the greatest writer of the 20th century.A. salutedB. estimatedC. scaledD. measured17. All parts of this machine are ___________, so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.A. specializedB. standardizedC. minimizedD. modernized18. Scientists hope the collision will produce a large crater in the comet’s surface in order to reveal the core and givesome_ ___to the origin of the solar system..A. sourcesB. interpretationsC. cluesD. observations19. The Japanese Prime Minister's_ ___is a seat on the U N Security Council, for which he will be lobbying atthe summit.A. precedenceB. promiseC. priorityD. procedure20. This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growth was____ 12 percent.A. in case ofB. in view ofC. in face ofD. in excess of21. How well a person_ ___depends just as much on whether they’re self-confident as it does on particular skillsand expertise.A. jumps outB. turns outC. covers upD. turns up22. The skin of the forest keeper_ ___exposure to the harsh northwest weather.A. is tanned fromB. is colored fromC. is tainted byD. is encoded by23. The Court of Auditors of the EU is an_ ___body and acts independently from all other institutions.A. indifferentB. imperativeC. impartialD. incoherent24. Since it is too late to change my mind, I am_ ___to carrying out the plan.A. committedB. obligedC. engagedD. resolved25. The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be ____.A. struck outB. 1eft outC. ruled outD. counted out26. Hotels and restaurants are an_ ___part of the city; without them the city’s tourist industry cannot exist.A. insignificantB. integralC. interiorD. inevitable27. I reject any religious doctrine that does not_ ___to reason and is in conflict with morality.A. applyB. appealC. attractD. attend28. There are three bodies of writing that come to_ ___this question and we will consider each in turn.A. bear onB. sort outC. figure outD. put on29. Success does not_ ___in never making mistakes but in never making the same one a second time.A. compriseB. conveyC. consistD. conform30.Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to_ ___the extent of the cruel acts committed by their soldiers.A. live up toB. mark downC. size upD. play down31. Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works____.A. industriallyB. industriouslyC. consciouslyD. purposefully32. I don’t think it’s sensible o f you to ____your greater knowledge in front of the chairwoman, for it may welloffend her.A. show upB. show offC. show outD. show away33. The economic development of that small country is to a considerable extent limited by the __________ of raw materials and low consumption level.A. abundanceB. inflationC. deficiencyD. installment34. If we don’t stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the Whole globe will be____.A. empoweredB. punishedC. pollutedD. annihilated35. One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to ____further research and further thinkingabout a particular topic.A. inventB. stimulateC. renovateD. advocate36. When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson ____going around with astrange set of people and staying out very late.A. took toB. took upC. took onD. took in37. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially designed or ____for language learning purposes, there isyet no effective and systematic program for the reading skills.A. appointedB. assembledC. acknowledgedD. adapted38. In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe ____Europe into a bloody War..A. imposedB. plungedC. pitchedD. inserted39. The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. Theyexpect increased tax____.A. privilegesB. efficiencyC. revenuesD. validity40. The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in____again next spring.A. conventionB. conferenceC. sessionD. assemblyPart II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Passage OneJeans were invented a little over a century ago and are currently the world’s most popular, versatile garment, crossing boundaries of class, age and nationality. From their origins as pure workwear, they have spread through every level of the fashion spectrum, and are embraced internationally for their unmatched comfort and appeal.In the mid 1940s, the Second World War came to an end, and denim blue jeans, previously worn almost exclusively as workwear, gained a new status in the U.S. and Europe. Rugged but relaxed, they stood for freedom and a bright future. Sported by both men and women, by returning GI’s and sharp teenagers, they seemed as clean and strong as the people who chose to wear them. In Europe, surplus Levi’s were left behind by American armed forces and were available in limited supplies. It was the European population’s first introduction to the denim apparel. Workwear manufacturers tried to copy the U.S. originals, but those in the know insisted on the real thing.In the 1950s, Europe was exposed to a daring new style in music and movies and consequently jeans took on an aura of sex and rebellion. Rock’n’roll coming from America blazed a trail of defiance. and jeans became a symbol of the b reak with convention and rigid social mores. When Elvis Presley sang in“Jailhouse Rock,”his denim prison uniform carried a potent, virile image. Girls swooned and guys were quick to copy the King. In movies like “The Wild One” and “Rebel Without a Cause.” cult figures Marion Brando and James Dean portrayed tough anti-heroes in jeans and T-shirts. Adults spurned the look; teenagers, even those who only wanted to look like rebels, embraced it.By the beginning of the 1960s,slim jeans had become a leisure wear staple, as teens began to have real fun, forgetting the almost desperate energy of the previous decade, while cocooned(包围在)in wealth and security. But the seeds of change had been sown, and by the mid 1960s jeans had acquired yet another social connotation—as the uniform of the budding social and sexual revolution. Jeans were the great equalizer, the perfect all-purpose garment for the classless society sought by the Hippy generation. In the fight for civil rights, at anti-war demonstrations off the streets of Paris, at sit-ins and love-ins everywhere, the battle cry was heard above a sea of blue.41. Jeans were first designed for__ __A. soldiers.B. workmen.C. teenagers.D. cowboys.42. In the mid 1940s,jeans gained popularity because__ __A. they made the wearer look clean and tough.B. they were comfortable and looked friendly.C. they were the outward symbol of the mainstream society.D. they stood for freedom and a strong character.43. What does the“real thing”re fer to in the second paragraph?A. Authentic Levi’s.B. Workwear.C. Casual wear.D. Jeans of European style.44. The popularity of Elvis Presley’s way of dressing illustrates that__ __A. teenagers wanted to look sexy.B. people desired to look strong and manly.C. jeans went well with rock’n’roll.D. Americans were more rebellious than Europeans.45. The last sentence suggests that jeans were__ __A. used for military purposes.B. the symbol of the ideal of social equality..C. worn by all kinds of people.D. the outfit of social improvement.Passage TwoThe ethnic group known as Ashkenazim is blessed with more than its fair share of talented minds, but is also prone to a number of serious genetic diseases. Researchers now suggest that intelligence is closely linked to several illnesses in Ashkenazi Jews, and that the diseases are the result of natural selection.The Ashkenazim are descended from Jewish communities in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Eastern Europe that date b ack to the 10th century. Today they make up approximately 80 percent of the world’s Jewish population.Ashkenazim have the highest average IQ of any ethnic group, scoring 12 to 15 points above the European average. They are also strongly represented in fields and occupations requiring high cognitive ability. For instance, Jews of European ancestry account for 27 percent of U.S. Nobel science prize winners.But the group is also associated with several neurological disorders, including Tay-Sachs, Gauch er’s, and Niemann-Pick. Tay-Sachs is a fatal hereditary disease of the central nervous system.Sufferers lack an enzyme needed to break down fatty substances in the brain and nerve cells. Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are similar, often fatal diseases.Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as money lending and banking which were looked down upon or forbidden for Christians.Historians suggest that Jews with lucrative jobs often had four, six, or sometimes even eight or nine children. Poorer families, meanwhile, tended to be smaller, possibly because they lived in over hundreds areas in which children were more prone to disease. As a result, the researchers say, over hundreds of years the Jewish population of Europe became more intelligent than their gentile countrymen.But increased intelligence may have come at a cost, with genetic diseases such as Tay-SachsBeing side effects of genes that facilitate intelligence. Researchers argue that highly unlikely thatmutated genes responsible for these illnesses could have reached such high levels in Ashkenazim if they were not connected to cognitive performance.While the link is difficult to prove, there is some evidence that Gaucher disease does increase aperson’s IQ. Around one in three people of working age who were patients of the Gaucher Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Centre in Jerusalem had professions requiring an average IQ of more than 120.This group included scientists, academics, physicians, and accountants.Modern-day Ashkenazim are now far more likely to marry outside their ethnic group. A researcher says that he would expect a tendency for both higher IQs and associated genetic disorders to become less marked over time.46.According to the first paragraph, Ashkenazim are__ __A. more intelligent than other Jews.B. more likely to be sick than other Jews.C. endowed with natural ability because of genetic diseases.D. more likely to be born with genetic diseases.47.According to the article, Ashkenazim are related to the Jewish people in__ __A. the whole Europe and Eastern Asia.B. Eastern Europe and a few other European countries.C. Eastern Europe and a few Asian countries.D. Eastern Europe and Germany48.Tay-Sachs,Gaucher's and Niemann-Pick are__ __A. diseases caused by absence of an enzyme.B. 1ife-threatening genetic diseases.C. diseases that make people more intelligent.D. the same disease with different terms.49.The“lucrative job”may most probably be a job which is__ __.A. profitable.B. unsteady.C. challenging.D. permanent.50.The underlined sentence in paragraph 7 roughly means that the researchers believethat__ __A. mutated genes have a negative influence on Ashkenazim’s intelligence.B. mutated genes have played a role in Ashkenazim’s intelligence.C. the Ashkenazim’s high intelligence is caused by the mutated genes.D. the Ashkenazim’s illnesses have greatly handicapped their performance.Passage ThreeSometimes it’s just hard to choose. You’re in a restaurant and the waiter has his pen at theready. As you hesitate, he gradually begins to take a close interest in the ceiling, his fingernails, then in your dining partner. Each dish on the menu becomes a blur as you roll your eyes up and down in a growing panic. Finally, you desperately opt for something that turns out to be what you hate.It seems that we need devices to protect us from our hopelessness at deciding between 57 barely differentiated varieties of stuff—be they TV channels, gourmet coffee, downloadable ring tones, or perhaps, ultimately even interchangeable lovers. This thought is opposed to our government’s philosophy, which suggests that greater choice over railways, electricity suppliers and education will make us happy. In my experience, they do anything but that.Perhaps the happiest people are those who do not have much choice and aren’t confronted by the misery of endless choice. True, that misery may not be obvious to people who don’t have a variety of luxuries. If you live in Madagascar, say, where average life expectancy is below 40 and they don’t have digital TV or Starbucks, you might not be impressed by the anxiety and perpetual stress our decision—making paralysis causes.Choice wasn’t supposed to make people miserable. It was supposed to be the hallmark of self-determination that we so cherish in capitalist western society. But it obviously isn’t：ever more choice increases the feeling of missed opportunities, and this leads to self-blame when choices fail to meet expectations. What is to be done? A new book by an American social scientist, Barry Schwartz, called The Paradox of Choice, suggests that reducing choices can limit anxiety.Schwartz offers a self-help guide to good decision making that helps us to limit our choices to a manageable number, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices we make. This is a capitalist response to a capitalist problem.But once you realize that your Schwartzian filters are depriving you of something you might have found enjoyable, you will experience the same anxiety as before, worrying that you made the wrong decision in drawing up your choice—limiting filters. Arguably, we will always be doomed to buyers’ remorse and the misery it entails. The problem of choice is perhaps more difficult than Schwartz allows.51. The waiter mentioned in Paragraph 1 would agree that given a variety of choice__ __A. it is common for his customer to hesitate in ordering a meal.B. it is impolite for his customer to order with hesitation.C. it is difficult for his customer to expect quality food.D. it is possible to get know his customer’s partner.52. It is implied that it is the government’s intention to__ __A. improve the quality of TV programs.B. try to offer greater choice over public service systems.C. make people realize that some lovers are interchangeable.D. encourage the downloading of a variety of ring tones.53. We can infer that th e author’s attitude t owards choice is that__ __A. the more choice we have, the more freedom we can enjoy.B. endless choice has only made us more miserable.C. it is easy for people to make a wrong decision with few choices.D. before we make decisions, we want as many choices as possible..54. The author mentioned“Starbucks”in Paragraph 3 as an illustration of__ __A. happiness.B. low life expectancy.C. perpetual stress.D.1uxury.55. From Barry Schwartz’s book, The Paradox of Choice, we can ge t recommendation tips on__ __A. how to handle the situation of capitalist exploitation.B. how to deal with your expense budget.C. how to avoid the feeling of missed opportunities.D. how to save money by making a right choice.Passage FourMany things make people think artists are weird—the odd hours, the nonconformity, the clove cigarettes. However, the weirdest may be this: artists’ only jobs are to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel lousy. This wasn’t alw ays so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring. In the 20th century, classical music became more atonal, visual art more unsettling.Sure, there have been exceptions, but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past century or so, serious art has been at war with happiness. In 1824,Beethoven completed his“Ode to Joy”.In 1962, novel ist Anthoy Burgess used it in A Clockwork Orange as the favorite music of his ultra-violent antihero.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But the reason may actually be just the opposite：there is too much damn happiness in the world today.In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Today the messages that the average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and relentlessly happy. Since these messages have an agenda—to pry our wallets from our pockets—they make the very idea of happiness seem bogus(假的).“Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attack.What we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us that it is OK not to be happy, that sadness makes happiness deeper. As the wine-connoisseur movie Sideways tells us, it is the kiss of decay and mortality that makes grape juice into Pinot. Norway need art to tell us, as religion once did, that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a mes sage even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, is a breath of fresh air.56. What is most strange about artists?A. They wear special clothes.B. They rarely work in the daytime.C. They mainly depict distressing things.D. They are liable to take illegal drugs.57. What does the author mean by“a stretch”?A. A terrible thing.B. An exaggeration.C. A continuous period of time.D. An exception.58. The example that“Ode to Joy”was used in Burgess’s novel is meant to illustrate that___ __A. musicians and novelists share similar artistic taste.B. violent people have a strong desire to be happy.C. serious art is often contradictory with happiness.D. music is enjoyed by good and bad people alike.59. The word “Celebrex” in the advertisement__ __A. misleads people into buying dangerous drugs.B. reminds people of a cheerful feeling..C. boasts of the effectiveness of a drug.D. comes from a religious term.60. What does the author imply with the movie Sideways?A. Happiness can be found through pains and efforts.B. Happiness comes when everything dies.C. Happiness makes sadness deeper.D. Happiness is not a good thing.Passage FiveThe Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northern most state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely operate.The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.Resting on H-shaped steel racks called“bents,”long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere form 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.One of the largest in the world. the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagements and even theft the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.61. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline’s__ __A. operating costs.B. employees.C. consumers.D. construction.62. The word“it”(Par. 1, sentence 3)refers to__ __A. pipeline.B. ocean.C. state.D. village.63. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline’s route EXC EPT the__ __A. climate.B. 1ay of the land itself.C. 1ocal vegetation.D. kind of soil and rock.64. How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?A. 3B. 4C. 8D. 1265. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortiumwould pay?A. How much oil field land each company owned?B. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields?C. How many people worked for each company?D. How many oil wells were located on the company’s land?Passage SixOn September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder(胆囊)removed by-surgeons operating, via computer form New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4,000 miles away from their patient..In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation.A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system, designed by Computer Motion Inc. that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained normal activity the following week.The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the surgeon’s movements in New York and the return video(from Strasbourg)on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding decoding and signal transmission time.France Telecom’s engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. “I felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room,”says Marescaux.The successful collaboration(合作)among medicine, advanced technology, and telecomm unications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distance procedures. The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms around the world.Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure as the beginning of a“third revolution”in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that the abdomen(腹部)and thorax(胸腔)do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where complicated software algorithms(计算法)enhance the safety of the surgeon’s movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance between the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distance-currently several meters in the operating room-could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers.66. The title that best expresses the main idea is__ __A. How The Second Revolution in Surgery Comes Out.B. The Telesurgery Revolution.C. A Patient Was Saved.D. Dream Comes True.67. The italicized word“telesurgery”(Par. 1, sentence 2) can be best explained as__ __A. an operation done over a distance.B. an operation done on television.C. an operation demanding special skill.D. an operation demanding high technology.68. How long did it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation?A. 24 hoursB. 48 hoursC. About a weekD. Almost a month69. What is the major barrier to telesurgery?A. DistanceB. Advanced technologyC. DelayD. Medical facilities70. The writer implies that__ __A. difficult operation can be successfully performed all over the world now.B. compared to the“third revolution”in surgery, the first two are less important.C. all patients can be cured by a gall bladder-removal operation.D. a new breakthrough has been made in surgery.Part III: Translation (20 points)71. English-Chinese Translation (10 points)Dun took a deep breath, thinking over what had been said and searching in hismind for a possible course of action.Not for the first time in his flying career, he felthimself in the grip of an acute sense of apprehension, only this time his awareness ofhis responsibility for the safety of a huge, complex aircraft and nearly sixty lives wastinged.。
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EXERCISES ON PHD READING VOCABULARYA. Complete the sentence with the best choice.1. The picture ______ happy memories of his heyday.A. relivedB. necessitatedC. revokedD. evoke2. America is suffering from what it could otherwise have ______ itself.A. sparedB. spoiledC. obscuredD. incurred3. The city was _______ by bomb threats.A. hauntedB. harnessedC. hamperedD. misguided4. Their hypothesis was ______ by their new findings.A. covetedB. counteractedC. corroboratedD. coordinated5. The room looked different in ______ light.A. seducedB. subduedC. reducedD. endued6. He was ______ by his failure in business.A. unnervedB. undiminishedC. unwarrantedD. undaunted7. She has a ______ for writing poetry.A. flairB. resourceC. conjectureD. posterity8. Most inns are less costly than hotels of ______ standards.A. peerB. equivalentC. approximateD. commensurate9. The minister ______ the government's intention to reduce tax.A. affirmedB. admittedC. confessedD. acknowledged10. Good secretarial skills _______ chances of getting a job.A. enhanceB. facilitateC. nourishD. sharpen11. This shirt needs to be ______.A. shapedB. moldedC. alteredD. alternated12. Since the 5th century eastern philosophy has been ____ by Buddhism.A. besetB. imbuedC. disseminatedD. preoccupied13. The office must see that no one ______ his authority.A. outdoesB. outperformsC. overpowersD. oversteps14. The new book ______ all the hot issuesA. overlapsB. constitutesC. composesD. encompasses15. Competitiveness is, ________, not going to happen by leaving events to market forces alone.A. assuredlyB. assertivelyC. confidentlyD. immensely16. A __________ to disrupt the market was exposed by the media.A. proposalB. secretC. conspiracyD. suggestion17. The _____ of economic activities attracted many companies.A. survivalB. insuranceC. resurrectionD. resurgence18. The king _______ his power by taking over many of the nobles' rights.A. enlargedB. extendedC. augmentedD. accented19. I don't want to sound _______ though my new book is a best seller.A. superiorB. aggressiveC. conceited D self-righteous20. For a ______ of second I lost my consciousness when I heard the news.A. sectorB. segmentC. fragmentD. fraction21. The last few decades have seen great changes in social ____ .A. trendB. tendencyC. advancementD. mores22. Do you know about any ______ herbs which can cure the cancer?A. regionalB. inherentC. indigenousD. botanical23. I would like to _______ the speaker's last point.A. queryB. interrogateC. discourseD. recast24. The authority of the office is not yet clearly ______.A. decidedB. definedC. decodedD. outlined25. For years the two companies have been ______ their good relationship.A. detainingB. clamberingC. bridgingD. cultivating26. I don't think the pay is ____ with your contribution.A. equalB. measurableC. commensurateD. consistent27. The data ______ by the authorities don't tally with those in the report.A. disclosedB. exposedC. relievedD. processed28. Some officials were ______ to have taken bribes.A. bannedB. confirmedC. executedD. alleged29. The benefits will be evaluated individually and in the ______.A. averageB. aggregateC. percentageD. proportion30. The school offers a _______ of choices for the students.A. bundleB. spectrumC. plentyD. collection31. Do you know how to go _______ applying for a visa?A. onB. forC. throughD. about32. There is none of the _______ associated with pets in this city.A. emotionB. sensationC. sentimentalityD. sentiment33. To wind up, the speaker ______ the main points of his report.A. stressedB. unveiledC. recapitulatedD. conveyed34. Their request for information seems to contain an _______ threat.A. explicitB. implicitC. unstatedD. outspoken35. The man makes no secret of his _______for power.A. careerB. determinationC. gloryD. yearning36. The snowfall ______ good harvests in the coming year.A. portendsB. symbolizesC. accountsD. transmits37. He is an enthusiastic ______ of yoga.A. advocateB. quackC. demagogueD. messenger38. Superstitious practices still ______ in some parts of the country.A. prevailB. lubricateC. presumeD. persevere39. They managed to ________the effects of the floodA. recedeB. highlightC. minimizeD. maximize40. He didn't feel happy because the company ____ his service.A. underlayB. undervaluedC. underlinedD. underscoredB. Choose the answer that best explains the underlined part.1. The whole nation was exhilarated by the news.A. exaltedB. dismayedC. provokedD. alarmed2. It is shameful to deride others' efforts.A. emulateB. ridiculeC. prejudiceD. challenge3. Not many people favor his conjecture.A. surmiseB. decisionC. prescriptionD. paradigm4. The coach was impressed by his deftness.A. dexterityB. mobilityC. flexibilityD. rationality5. At sunset the beach was suffused with a rosy hue.A. dyedB. envelopedC. reflectedD. crystallized6. A good friend will not desert you in time of adversity.A. povertyB. mischanceC. failureD. decline7. It remains the most perplexing problem.A. mundaneB. pervasiveC. bewilderingD. epithet8. At the seminar, the expert expounded his design vigorously.A. exploredB. elaboratedC. exhibitedD. trumpeted9. The President was displeased with the unflattering portrait the artist painted of him.A. unkindB. unjustifiableC. unfavorableD. unmodified10. He tried in vain to trivialize the consequences of his mistake.A. put downB. cast downC. settle downD. downplay11. When I entered the room I saw the general _____ over the map.A. poringB. peeringC. pryingD. peeping12. The speaker would dig up statistics and interpolate them into his report.A. compileB. incorporateC. edictD. validate13. The society has a vehement hatred of people who are cruel to animals.A. fierceB. perpetualC. constantD. apparent14. The hotel menu appeals to finicky eaters.A. pickyB. smugC. calculateD. shady15. We don't want people in other departments prying into our affairs.A. poring overB. interfering inC. inquiring aboutD. arguing against16. Senile people are vulnerable to bronchial ailments.A. sensibleB. incompatibleC. approachableD. susceptible17. His mind is cluttered with useless information.A. filedB. crammedC. harboredD. stacked18. Pirated CDs are sold under the counter in some free markets.A. secretlyB. conspicuouslyC. debatablyD. privately19. Trade has been bad, not least because of the increased cost of the rawmaterial and the highly paid labor force.A. partlyB. invariablyC. incessantlyD. pragmatically20. According to a recent study about one in four job applicants falsifiesinformation about work experience and education.A. sustainsB. reinforcesC. refinesD. doctors21. Opponents pooh-pooh the plan because it is too costly.A. ignoreB. crippleC. scornD. undermine22. Women are keen on rushing to buy discount goods. This mentality, in fact, does not reduce their budget.A. ethosB. outlookC. psychologyD. overview23. The planes have to undergo rigorous safety checks.A. specificB. vigorousC. skepticalD. meticulous24. Finally he had to succumb to reality.A. bendB. bowC. bumpD. kneel25. Students are compelled to churn out papers year after year.A. rule outB. opt outC. grind outD. stick out26. He finds it difficult to articulate his dilemma.A. narrateB. appealC. mutterD. convey27. The move entailed radical changes in lifestyle.A. involvedB. impliedC. initiatedD. implanted28. Modular men are said to be atomized internally.A. detachedB. disruptedC. disintegratedD. discontented29. Family members living apart have the growing feeling of alienation.A. obsessionB. oppressionC. isolationD. affectation30. There is still no discernible improvement in the economic situation.A. evitableB. perceivableC. predictableD. presentable31. The ideas he espouses are practically incomprehensible to us.A. interpretsB. formulatesC. justifiesD. advocates32. His speech kindled my ambition in starting on my own.A. appeasedB. arousedC. enlightenedD. winced33. Conservative people tend to deplore modernization.A. disgustB. decomposeC. l amentD. decry34. Technology is the mainspring of economic growth.A. engineB. mechanismC. dynamoD. impetus35. He is notorious as he leads a(n) dissolute life.A. wickedB. destinedC. immortalD. immoral36. The schoolboy scratched his head over the question.A. got lostB. thought hardC. felt helplessD. became hopeless37. He cheated the scientific circle with his bogus findings.A. randomB. falseC. far-fetchedD. half-cocked38. He resigned as president of Rockefeller University and de facto science statesman.A. stepped downB. opted outC. stood byD. unveiled39. Knights in King Arthur's time adhere to the precepts of chivalry and honor.A. archivesB. doctrinesC. traditionsD. titles40. "More haste, less speed" is a paradox.A. proverbB. contradictionC. quotationD. satire。