来安方《新编英美概况》配套题库(美国—美国的历史)【圣才出品】
安师大英美概况考题
安师大英美概况考题
【实用版】
目录
1.安师大英美概况考题的背景和重要性
2.英美概况考题的主要内容和考试形式
3.备考英美概况考题的策略和方法
4.英美概况考题对学生的意义和影响
正文
安师大英美概况考题是安徽师范大学英语专业本科阶段的一门重要课程，其内容涵盖了英国和美国的历史、地理、政治、经济、文化等各个方面，旨在帮助学生全面了解英美两国的社会和文化，提升跨文化交际的能力。
英美概况考题的主要内容和考试形式主要包括选择题、名词解释、简答题和论述题等。
选择题主要测试学生对英美两国基本知识的掌握，名词解释则要求学生对一些专业术语和概念进行解释，简答题和论述题则要求学生对一些问题进行深入的分析和论述。
对于备考英美概况考题，首先要扎实掌握基础知识，这包括英美两国的历史、地理、政治、经济、文化等方面的知识。
其次，要注重理解，而不仅仅是记忆，因为考试中很多题目都需要学生对知识点进行深入的分析和理解。
此外，多做练习题，尤其是历年真题，也是提高考试成绩的有效方法。
英美概况考题对学生的意义和影响深远。
通过学习这门课程，学生不仅能够全面了解英美两国的社会和文化，提升自己的跨文化交际能力，还能够拓宽自己的视野，提高自己的综合素质。
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英美概况知识点总结题库
英美概况知识点总结题库一、英美概况基本概念英美概况是指英国和美国两个国家的基本情况和特点，包括地理、历史、政治、经济、文化、社会等方面的情况。
英美两国是世界上最有影响力的国家之一，其发展历史和国情具有重要的影响力。
因此，了解英美概况对于理解世界格局和国际关系有着重要的意义。
二、英美概况的地理特点1. 英国地理特点（1）英国位于欧洲西北部，包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个主要地区。
英国总面积244,820平方公里，是欧洲第三大岛国。
（2）英国地势大致呈现出中高原低洼的地形特点，山地和丘陵地区占据了半岛的西南部和中部，而低洼平原主要分布在东南和中南部地区。
2. 美国地理特点（1）美国位于北美洲中部，是世界第四大国家，总面积达到9,638,131平方公里。
（2）美国地形多样，山脉主要集中在西部，大平原和丘陵地区主要分布在中西部，而东部则是低洼平原地区。
美国有众多河流，包括密西西比河、科罗拉多河、哥伦比亚河等。
三、英美概况的历史沿革1. 英国历史沿革（1）英国有着悠久的历史文化，公元前55年，罗马帝国入侵了不列颠岛，成为不列颠的一部分。
5世纪，盎格鲁-撒克逊人从德国北部迁入英格兰，并在836年建立了第一个统一的英国王国。
（2）1066年，诺曼征服导致了英国的政治和社会结构发生了较大变化，12世纪中叶英国建立了自己的君主立宪制度。
16世纪的宗教改革导致了英国国教的建立，17世纪的克伦威尔革命结束了君主专制，成立了军政府。
18世纪末，英国工业革命开启了现代化的起点。
（3）19世纪，英国成为世界上最强大的殖民地帝国，印度和非洲大部分地区被英国殖民。
20世纪，英国在两次世界大战中扮演了关键角色，但在战后开始了殖民帝国的解体和国际地位的下降。
2. 美国历史沿革（1）美国历史的起源可以追溯到公元前1492年，哥伦布发现了北美大陆。
17世纪早期，英国殖民者开始在北美建立殖民地。
（2）18世纪末，美国爆发了独立战争，美国终于于1776年宣布独立，建立了独立的民主共和国。
来安方《新编英美概况》(最新修订版)配套题库【章节题库(含名
库（含名Байду номын сангаас
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 目录分析 05 精彩摘录
目录
02 内容摘要 04 读书笔记 06 作者介绍
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
真题
历史
章节
历年
新编
概况
政府
题库
修订版
模块 第章
英国
修订版
模块
英美
补充
概况
材料
修订版
内容摘要
本书是来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）的配套题库，包括以下几个方面的内容：模块一是章节题库， 严格按照来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）的章目编排，共8章（分为两部分，第一部分是英国文化，共4 章；第二部分是美国文化，共4章），精选与各章内容配套的习题进行详解；我们还从指定来安方主编的《新编英 美概况》（最新修订版）为考研参考书目的名校历年考研真题中，挑选有代表性的考研真题，并对所选考研真题 进行了详细的解答，所选试题基本涵盖了每章的考点和难点。模块二是模拟试题，根据各校历年考研真题的命题 规律，精选教材中的重要考点，精心编写了两套模拟试题，并进行了详细的解答。
目录分析
第一部分英国
第二部分美国
第1章土地和人民 第2章英国历史 第3章政治、政府及教育 第4章补充材料
第1章总括 第2章美国的历史 第3章政府形式和社会生活 第4章补充材料
来安方《新编 英美概况》
（最新修订版） 考研模拟试题 及详解（一）
来安方《新编 英美概况》 （最新修订版） 考研模拟试题 及详解（二）
读书笔记
这是《来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）配套题库【章节题库（含名校考研真题）＋模拟试题】》的 读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的心得。
来安方《新编英美概况》笔记和典型题详解(美国—美国的历史)【圣才出品】
第2章美国的历史2.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. The Thirteen English-American Colonies and the War of Independence1. The Founding of the colonies2. The Early Immigrants3. Relation between England and Colonies4. The Boston Tea Party5. The First Continental Congress6. The Second Continental Congress7. Military Struggle and Final VictoryⅡ. Appearance of the American Constitution and Territorial Expansion1. America Following Independence2. The Constitutional Convention3. The American Constitution4. The Second War with England (1812)5. The Monroe Doctrine (1823)6. The Mexican War and Its Results (1846-1848)Ⅲ. The Civil War1. The Beginning of Slavery in America2. Conflicts Arising from Slavery3. Lincoln’s Death and American Concept of a Hero4. Effect of the Civil War5. Economic Development6. Progressivism7. The Federal Reserve Bank8. Imperialist Foreign Policy and War with SpainⅣ. America During and After World WarⅠ1. America Entering the War (1917)2. America after World WarⅠ3. The Great DepressionⅤ. America During and After World War Ⅱ1. Background and Outbreak of General War2. Changes of the U.S. Policy3. The Lend-Lease Bill4. America’s Entry into the War5. America after the War6. Cold War and America’s Containment7. Red Scare and the McCarthy Era8. Demand for Reform9. The Watergate Affair10. Reagan Revolution and ClintonⅠ. The Thirteen English-American Colonies and the War of Independence (十三块英属北美殖民地和独立战争)1. The Founding of the colonies (殖民地的建立)(1)The first successful English colony in North America was planted in Virginia in 1607. Thecolonists named their new settlement Jamestown, in honor of the king.英国在北美的第一块殖民地位于弗吉尼亚州。
来安方《新编英美概况》笔记和典型题(含考研真题)详解-美国-第2章 美国的历史【圣才出品】
第2章美国的历史2.1 复习笔记I. The Thirteen English-American Coloniesand the War of Independence1. The Founding of the colonies2. The Early Immigrants3. Relation between England and Colonies4. The Boston T ea Party5. The First Continental Congress6. The Second Continental Congress7. Military Struggle and Final VictoryII. Appearance of theAmericanConstitution andTerritorial Expansion1. America Following Independence2. The Constitutional Convention3. The American Constitution4. The Second War with England (1812)5. The Monroe Doctrine (1823)6. The Mexican War and Its Results (1846 - 1848)III. The Civil War1. The Beginning of Slavery in America2. Conflicts Arising fromSlavery3. Lincoln’s Death and American Concept of a Hero4. Effect of the Civil War5. Economic Development6. Progressivism7. The Federal Reserve Bank8. Imperialist Foreign Policy and War with Spain IV. America During and After World War I1. America Entering the War (1917)2. America after World War I3. The Great DepressionV. America During and After World War II1. Background and Outbreak of General War2. Changes of the US Policy3. The Lend-Lease Bill4. America’s Entry into the War5. America after the War6. Cold War and America’s Containment7. Red Scare and the McCarthy Era8. Demand for Reform9. The Watergate Affair10. Reagan Revolution and ClintonI. The Thirteen English-American Colonies and the War of Independence (十三块英属北美殖民地和独立战争)1. The Founding of the colonies (殖民地的建立)(1)The first successful English colony in North America was planted in Virginia in1607. The colonists named their new settlement Jamestown, in honor of the king.英国在北美的第一块殖民地位于弗吉尼亚州。
来安方《新编英美概况》配套题库(英国—补充材料)【圣才出品】
第4章补充材料Ⅰ. Multiple Choice.1. Which of the following is the most famous of all British newspapers?（北二外2006研）A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. Daily T elegraphD. Daily Mirror【答案】A【解析】The Times《泰晤士报》是英国第一主流大报，是该国最具影响力的报纸。
The Guardian《卫报》。
Daily T elegraph《每日电讯报》，因其时效性而得名。
DailyMirror《每日镜报》。
2. The _____ University offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.A. OpenB. FreeC. NationalD. Community【答案】A【解析】英国20世纪70年代初出现了以广播、电视、函授与暑期学校相结合的成人高等教育机构。
开放大学采用多种远距离教学法，几乎每门课程都通过广播和电视播放，其中包括BBC在内的众多知名媒体机构。
3. The oldest national newspaper in the world is _____.A. the TimesB. the Financial TimesC. the Washington PostD. the Observer【答案】D【解析】《观察家报》（the Observer）创办于1791年，是世界历史上最悠久的全国性报纸。
4. Which of the following statements about the BBC is not true?（北京交大2003研）A. The BBC puts out both radio broadcasting services and TV programs.B. There is no advertising on any of the BBC programs.C. The BBC is financed by private funds.D. The BBC World Service broadcasts international news worldwide, using more than 30 languages.【答案】C【解析】BBC英国广播公司除了经营广播节目之外，还经营电视节目；所有节目中都不插播任何广告；资金来自用户的接收费；以30多种语言做全球广播。
来安方《新编英美概况》笔记和典型题（含考研真题）详解-美国第一章至第四章【圣才出品】
来安⽅《新编英美概况》笔记和典型题（含考研真题）详解-美国第⼀章⾄第四章【圣才出品】第2卷（美国）第1章总括1.1复习笔记Ⅰ.The United States and the Americans,Size and Positionernment Principles and System3.The Federal Government4.State Governments5.Local Governments6.Population7.The Melting Pot8.Distribution of People9.Class StructureⅡ.Geographical Features,Climate and Natural Resources1.The Atlantic Seacoast and the Appalachian Mountains2.The Great Mississippi River Basin3.The Rockies west to the Pacific Ocean4.Climate and Weather5.Rivers and Lakes6.Forests7.Mineral Resources8.New ProblemsⅢ.National Economy and Cities1.General Introduction2.The Market Sector3.The Corporate Sector4.The Public Sector5.Economic and Trade Relations with China6.Industry and Cities7.Agriculture and Husbandry8.Transportation and Communication9.Current ProblemsⅠ.The United States and the Americans(美国和美国⼈),Size and Position(名称，⼤⼩和位置)(1)Full Name(全称)The United States of America美利坚合众国(2)Size(国⼟⼤⼩)The total area of America is some9.4million square kilometers,which makes it the fourth largest country in the world.美国的总⾯积约9400000平⽅公⾥，是世界第四⼤国。
英美概况》试题(附答案)
《英美概略》复习卷I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:B1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the Cotswold ’sD. the ForthC2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the ThamesA3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake DistrictD4. Which part of Britain is always fightingA. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem IrelandC5. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-SaxonsB6. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 1060D7. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de MontfortB8. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ andended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, BrestA9. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry TudorC10. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A.England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 15B11. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A.1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, PlymouthA12. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious ReformationC13. Soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 1960C14. Britain ’ s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealthcountries C. other developed countries D. ECA15. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime MinisterC16. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 651C17. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of LordsD18. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of CommonsA19. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Communitylaw B. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Communitylaw D. a complete code and statutesD20. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schoolsA21. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at allD22. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largestC23. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyD24. The nation’ s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic StatesA25. The Midwest in America st’ impsmortant _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industryD26. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. ScotlandEnglandD. EnglandUncle Tom ’ s Cabinand Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slavesA28. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper minesB29. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. GeorgeWashington B30. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional ConventionB31. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist PapersB32. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’ s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. OhioD33. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.C. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and JapanＢ34. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _______ and the NorthＣ35. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _______ .A.Northern Ireland and southern IrelandB.Southern Ireland and the Republic of IrelandC.the Republic of Ireland and Northern IrelandD.Northern Ireland and BritainＢ36. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _______ as their next president who promised a "new deal" to get America out of depression.A. TheodoreB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Woodrow WilsonD. Herbert HooverＢ37. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the _______ Movement.A. BoycottB. Civil RightsC. SegregationD. IntegrationＡ38. The cultivated land in the U.S. makes up _______ of the total land, and people who are engaged in farming make up only % of the total population.Ｄ39. The Constitution of the United States provides that _______ shall be President of the Senate.Ｄ40. Of all the symbols, _______ , which are considered to represent fertility and new life: are those most frequently associated with Easter.A. the pumpkin and the turkeyB. the lamb and the beefC. the spring peas andthe potatoes D. the egg and the rabbitＢ41. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.Ｄ42. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.Ｂ43. The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.Ａ44. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.Ｂ45. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.Ａ46. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil RightsD. the Great CharterB47. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three timesD. four timesD48. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and BB49. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 1035D. 1600B50. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years ’ WarC.Peasant UprisingD. the Civil War C51. Bythe end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. PlantagenetD. YorkB52.In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellowB53.William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poetD. actorB54.England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Henry VIIIA55.The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. BaconB56.By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of MontgomeryD. the Declaration of IndependentB57.The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. NortheasternD. SouthernC58. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. MichiganD. OntarioC59. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. PacificD. ArcticC60. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. AlaskaD. HawaiiC61. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourthD. secondB62.The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto RicansD. BritishB 63. The ___ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. ParliamentD. CabinetA64.The House of Commons consists of ____ members who are elected from the ____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 635D. 630,630A65.The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy CouncilA66.The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. CrownD. ParliamentA67.It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. SpeakerD. QueenB68.The Judicial Branch is headed by _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. CongressC. PresidentB69.The general election in America is held every _____ years.A. 5B. 4C. 6D. 3A70.The symbol of the US Democratic Party is _____.A. donkeyB. elephantC. eagleD. HorseB71._____ has the sole right to interpret the Constitution.A. The CabinetB. The Supreme CourtC. PresidentD. CongressB72.The symbol of the US Republic Party is _____.A. tigerB. elephantC. donkeyD. eagleB73.The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executiveB74.The number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on _____.A. the size of the areaB. the size of the populationC. the traditionD. the wealthB75.The law-making or the legislative body in the government is _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. the CongressC. the CabinetD. the president’ s committeeC76. The members in the Senate must be at least _____ years old and those in the Representative _____ years old.A. 40, 30B. 30, 26C. 30, 25D. 25, 30B77. The students of the universities in the second year are called ________.A. juniorB. sophomoreC. freshmanD. seniorA78. An undergraduate student has to earn a certain number of______in order to receive a degree at the end of four years study.A. credits C. scores D. classesC79. What is the national anthem of the United KingdomA. Rule Britannia of HarlechC. God Save the King (Queen)Low Sweet ChariotB80. Which Scottish lake is supposedly home to a mythical monsterA. Lough NeaghB. Loch NessC. Lake WindermereD. Loch LomondD81. What is the capital city of Northern IrelandA. EdinburghB. CardiffC. LondonD. BelfastA82. Which language is sometimes used in ScotlandA. GaelicB. WelshC. CornishD. IrishB83. Which Roman Emperor built a wall to separate BritainA. CaesarB. HadrianC. NeroD. AugustusA84. Which Anglo-Saxon king is considered Britain’ s first national heroA. Alfred the GreatB. Henry the EighthC. William the ConquerorD. Charles the SecondD85. Which of the following houses won the War of the Roses (1455-1485)A. The House of YorkB. The House of SussexC. The House of EssexD. The House of LancasterA86. Which of the following countries sent an‘ Armada’ to attack Britain in 1588A. SpainB. PortugalC. ItalyD. GermanyC87. Which Queen ruled Britain from 1837 to 1901A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Elizabeth IID88. Which of the following British cities is one of the major financial centres of the worldA. ManchesterB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. LondonD89. Who is the commander-in-chief of the United States armed forcesA. A SenatorB. The Vice PresidentC. A Supreme Court JusticeD. The PresidentA. SATsB. ACTsC. GCSEsD. A-LevelsB91. What is the upper house of the British Parliament calledHouse of Representatives B. The House of LordsC. The SenateD. CongressD92. Which of the following foods is a traditional British mealA. NoodlesB. SnailsC. TapasD. Fish and ChipsC93. During which festival is it traditional to give and receive chocolate eggsA. ChristmasB. Remembrance DayC. EasterD. New Year ’ s DayB94. Which of the following sports is traditionally played by British peopleA. Ice HockeyB. CricketC. LacrosseD. BaseballC95. Who wrote the original draft of the Declaration of IndependenceA. George WashingtonB. George BushC. Thomas JeffersonD. Abraham LincolnA96. During the American Civil War, what were the eleven southern slave statescalled A. The Confederate States of AmericaB. The United States of AmericaC. The UnionD. The Tea PartyB97. Which American President created na economic plan called the‘ New Deal’A. Herbert HooverB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Ronald ReaganD. John F. KennedyD98. What is the oldest university in the United StatesA. Columbia UniversityB. Stanford UniversityC. Brown UniversityD. Harvard UniversityB99. Which of the following institutions is part of the Judicial Branch of the federal governmentA. The House of RepresentativesB. The Supreme CourtC. The SenateD. CongressB100. How often are Presidential elections heldA. Every 3 yearsB. Every 4 yearsC. Every 5 yearsD. Every 6 yearsII. Fill in the blanks:1.Geographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are highlands, while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.2.Welsh is located in the west of Great Britain.3.The ancestors of the English Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the Celts_.4.In the mid-5th century, three Teutonic tribes Jutes_, Saxons_, and Angles_ invaded Britain. Among them, the Angles_ gave their name to English people.5.The battle of Hastings__ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6.Under William, the feudal___ system in England was completely established.7.The property record in William’ s time is knownDomesdayas Book , which was compiled in 1086_.8.The outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement was _Martin____ _Luther____ _King____.9._Black Death__ was the deadly bubonic plague, whichreduced England ’ s population from four million to two___ million by the end of the 14 th century.10.America participated in the Second World War in the year _1941____.11.James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in _the Divine Right of Kings_.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported the king , while the Roundheads supported the parliament.13.After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a _Commonwealth_____, later, he becameLord protector ________.14. In 1707, the Act of Union united England and Scotland.15.The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _Whigs____ and _Tories______. Theformer were the forerunners of the _liberal_____ Party, the latter were of the _conservative_____party.16.The dropping of the two atom bombs by America forced _Japan____ to surrender unconditionally.17.After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “workshop_____” of the world.18.During the Second World War _Winston Churchill_______ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. The direct cause that the U.S. entered WWII was the Japanese sudden raid of the’ s US _Pearl Harbour____.20.Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _the North Sea______.21.The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official _opposition_____,with its own leader and _shadow“_____ cabinet ” .22. The Prime Minister is appointed by _the Queen_____, and his/her official residence is _No. 10 Downing Street____.23. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _country councils____ and_district councils_____.24.The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _the House of Lords______.25.The two established churches in Britain are _the Church of England___ and _the Church ofScotland____.26. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of５(__４ ____ in Northen Ireland)and __１６ ___.27.In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis ofselection tests known as _eleven plus____, which was replaced by comprehensive schools._cation after 16 in the UK is divided into _ ｈｉｇｈｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ____ and _ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ_____.29.The most-known universities in Britain are _Ｏｘｆｏｒｄ ____ and _Ｃａｍｂｒｉｄｇｅ ____which date from the _ １２ｔｈ ____ and _１３ｔｈ ____ centuries.30. In the Great Lakes, only _ＬａｋｅＭｉｃｈｉｇａｎ____ belongs to . completely while theother four are shared with Canada.31._Ａｌａｓｋａ ______ is separated from the main land by Canada.32.The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌＤｉｖｉｄｅ____.33._Ｔｅｘａｓ ____ is the largest continental state in area in the .34.New England is sometimes called the ｂｉｒｔｈｐｌａｃｅ _____ of America.35. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ__36.It was _Ｃｏｌｕｍｂｕｓ ____ who first discovered the America in 1492.37.The War of _Ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅ ____ broke out in 1775 and ended in 1783.38.The First World War broke out on July 28th in １９１４ ____.39.In 1620 some English Puritans sailed to Plymouth on a ship calledＭａｙｆｌｏｗｅｒ____.40.On July 4th, 1776, the document called the Declaration of _Ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｃｅ____ wasaccepted by the American Congress.41.Lexington Fire was the _ｐｒｅｌｕｄｅ ____ of the War of Independence.42.In 1803 the United States purchased Louisiana from Ｆｒａｎｃｅ ____.43.The Great Depression of 1929 - _１９３３ ____ shook the United States and the whole capitalistworld to its foundation.44.The _ｃｏｌｄ ____ _ｗａｒ ____ policy went into effect by the spring of 1947 when Truman Doctrine came forth.45.By the end of _１９ｔｈ ____ century, the . had become the most powerful country in the world.46.The first great tide from 1840 to 1860 in America was the _westward____ movement.47.The famous novel _“Uncle Tom ’ s Cabin ” byMrs. Stowe aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.48.In _1607____ the first group of English colonists came to America.49.The _second____ World War was a destructive war and an anti-fascist war.50.Along with the Normans came the _French____ language.51.The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _the House of York__ and the __House of Lancaster__.52.In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the Spanish Armada was defeated by English ships.53.During the Civil Wars (1642 –1648) the supporters of Parliament were called Parliamentarians while the supporters of the King Charles I were called __ Royalists.54.After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a Commonwealth.55.The U.K. is situated in the north-west coast of Europe.56. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .57.The U.K. consists of England, Welsh, Scotland and Northern Ireland.58.The capital of England and of Great Britain is London.59. The most important river is the River of Thames .60.The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of Edinburgh .61.The capital city of Wales is Cardiff .62.The U.S. is bounded by Canada on the north and by Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south.63.To the west of America lies the Pacific Ocean.64.To the east of America lies the Atlantic Ocean.65.The Western part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.66.The United States includes 50 states and a 1 district, the District of Columbia.67.The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of Canada and the United States.68.The United States is situated in the South part of North America.69.The British Parliament consists of three elements –the Sovereign, the House of Commons, andthe House of Lords.70.The House of Lords is also called the Upper House.71.The Lords and the Commons share the same building of the Palace of Westerminster.72.The Prime Minister works and lives in the famous residence, No. ten Downing Street.73.The two major parties in Britain are the Labour Party and the Conservative Party.74.The balance is always kept among the three branches of the power of the government and thisis called the “ Systemcheckof and balance”.75.The official presidential residence is the White House.76 The American Congress is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives.77.In the US the chief function of Congress is to make laws.78.There are 100 members in the Senate.79.The two main parties are the Democratic and the Republican Party.80.Only the Supreme Court has the right to interpret the constitution.81.Each of the fifty states of US elects 2 senators.82.The Federal Constitution consists of 7 articles and 27 amendments.two oldest universities in Britain are Oxford and Cambridge.84.There are three academic degrees in Britain. They are Bachelor’s, Master’sand Doctor’sdegree.85.Two-year college were called community“ colleges . ”86.New England is located in the Northeast corner of the country.87.The U.S. government is divided into three branches: the legislative, the executive and the judiciary.88.The State of California now has surpassed New York as the most populous state.89.In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower.90.Between 1607 and 1733 the British established _13__ colonies along the east coast of North America.91.The name of American Indian was given by ___Columbus____.92. The federal system refers to the division of political power into federal government andstate government93.Thanksgiving Day is an holiday only celebrated in U.S. for people to express gratitude.94.Four most popular sports in the U.S. are American football, basketball, baseball, and ice hockey.95.Funs for education of the U.S. come from three levels: federal, state, and local.96.The cold war is between the Soviet Union and the United States.97.The first successful English settlement was in Jamestown.98.The British national newspapers can be divided into quality newspaper and popular newspaper.99.Walking under a ladder is considered to be bad luck.100.Two important exams in the U.S. are SAT and ACT。
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第2章美国的历史
Ⅰ. Multiple Choice.
1. In American history, the Pilgrim fathers are those who came to Plymouth on board of _____.
A. a French ship
B. a British ship
C. Mayflower
D. an Italian ship
【答案】C
【解析】1620年，第一批英国殖民者乘坐五月花号船（Mayflower）登陆现在的弗吉尼亚州的海岸，成为美国人的祖先。
1/5的现代美国人的祖先都来自这条船上。
2. The policy the United States actually pursued in the first two years of WWⅠ was _____.
A. impartial neutrality
B. partial neutrality
C. firm support of the Allies
D. Pro-Ally partial neutrality
【答案】D
【解析】一战早期，美国认为战争的结果无关美国的利益，所以宣布保持中立（neutrality），但是因为英国当时控制了新闻舆论的方向，再加上英美在宗教、文化和血统上的裙
带关系，美国无论是从行动上还是从思想上都是偏袒联军（Pro-Ally）的。
3. Which of the following US presidents held the longest presidential term in American history?
A. Abraham Lincoln.
B. Franklin Roosevelt.
C. George Washington.
D. Thomas Jefferson.
【答案】B
【解析】Franklin Roosevelt（1882—1945），于1933—1945年任美国第32任总统，共在位12年，是美国在位时间最长的总统。
Abraham Lincoln（1809—1865），以
解放黑奴著称于世，于1861—1865年任美国第16任总统，在位4年；George
Washington（1732—1799），于1789—1797年任美国第1任总统，在位8年；
Thomas Jefferson（174—1826），于1801—1809年任美国第3任总统，在位
8年。
4. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.
A. 1620
B. 1607
C. 1776
D. 1492
【答案】B
【解析】1492年，哥伦比亚发现了新大陆，1607年，英国人在新大陆上建立了第一个殖民定居点Virginia（弗吉尼亚），将欧洲的先进文明种植到这块土地上，该定居点
的居民成为现代美国人的真正祖先，1607年也因此成为美国历史的开端。
5. In order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the United States decided to offer western European countries economic aid. This policy is called _____.
A. Truman Doctrine
B. Marshall Plan
C. containment policy
D. McCarthyism
【答案】B
【解析】因为苏联的崛起，以苏联为首的社会主义制度和以美国为首的资本主义制度产生了根本制度上的冲突，世界开始进入冷战时期。
为了遏制苏联的扩张，美国采取了一
系列的外交政策，containment policy（遏制政策），Truman Doctrine（杜鲁门
主义），Marshall Plan（马歇尔计划）全都是这一时期的政策。
遏制政策是对以苏
联为首的共产党国家实行扼制；杜鲁门主义用于支持一切反对共产主义的国家和地
区；马歇尔计划是专门针对西欧国家的经济援助政策，旨在抵制苏联对西欧的扩张。
6. In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added _____ to educate
people about the war in Vietnam.（北二外2008研）
A. rock & roll music
B. teach-in
C. class boycott
D. “march against fear”
【答案】B
【解析】sit-in室内静坐抗议。
teach-in（大学师生举行的）实事宣讲会，讨论会。
越南战争（1961年—1975年）是二战以后美国参战人数最多、影响最重大的战争，以
美国的失败告终。
美国人民曾掀起强大的反战运动，其中sit-ins与teach-ins都
是学生们采取过的手段。
7. The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as _____.（北二外2008研）
A. Federal Bureau of Investigation
B. the Black Muslims
C. Ku Klux Klan
D. Student for a Democratic Society
【答案】C
【解析】Ku Klux Klan三K党，美国民间组织，奉行白人至上主义、种族主义。
在美国内战结束之后，被击败的南方联邦军队中的一些老兵组成了最初的三K党，其目的
是反对改善黑人民主权利的政策。
Federal Bureau of Investigation（美国）联邦
调查局。
the Black Muslims黑色穆斯林运动是黑人民权运动。
Student for a
Democratic Society学生争取民主社会联盟是美国学生组织。
8. The American foreign policy up to WWⅡ can be described as _____.（北二外2008研）
A. swinging between containment and interventionism
B. containment
C. swinging between isolationism and internationalism
D. unilateralism
【答案】C
【解析】第二次世界大战（1939年—1945年）。
isolationism孤立主义政策使美国在二战中成为了欧洲的兵工厂和生产基地。
internationalism国际主义政策最初体现在威
尔逊提出的国际联盟的构想之中。
二战后期，罗斯福进一步发展了这项政策。
containment遏制主义由美国人乔治·凯南在1946—1947年间提出，目的是遏制
社会主义阵营的发展。
9. The longest war that the United States has fought is _____.（北京交大2003研）
A. the Independence War
B. the Civil War
C. the Vietnam War
D. the Gulf War
【答案】C
【解析】独立战争（1775—1783）；内战（1861—1865）；越南战争（1961—1975）；海
湾战争（1991）历时一个月。
选项C正确。
10. _____, signed in 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.
A. The Treaty of Paris
B. Westminster Statute
C. British North America Act
D. The Act of Union
【答案】A
【解析】战争的形势起初对大陆军是非常不利的，由于装备和兵力不足，1776年连失纽约和费城；1777年，在加拿大被英军打败的法军转而援助美军，战争形式出现了转
折，萨拉托加战役英军失利，美法联军乘胜追击，取得了节节胜利；1781年，George
Cornwallis带领的英国军队弃械投降，正式宣布美国独立战争取得胜利；1783年，
英国签订了《巴黎和约》，承认美国独立。
11. The 1920s in the United States was described as a period of _____.
A. development of science and technology
B. development of culture
C. loss of purpose
D. material success and spiritual frustration
【答案】D
【解析】20世纪20年代，美国在物质上极度丰富，精神上却极度贫乏：一方面，第一次世界大战让美国大发战争横财；另一方面，战争给人们造成了巨大的心理创伤，人。