初中英语定从句讲解学习资料

初中英语定语从句讲解

一、定义(概念)

关键词:定语、先行词、定语从句、关系词

1、定语:用来修饰、限定、说明名词或者代词特征的词

2、先行词:是定语从句的引导词前面的被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

3、定语从句:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词,起定语作用的句子

4、关系词:分为关系代词和关系副词

关系代词有:that、which、who、whom、whose等

关系副词包括:when、where

一、引导词(关系词)

1、关系代词的用法(that、which、who、whom、whose)

关系代词在句子中可以作主语、宾语和定语等成分,其中that、which、whom做宾语时可以省略。

My father is a driver that/who is very skillful.(主语)

My father is a skillful driver (whom) I am very proud of.(宾语)

My father is a driver whose skill is great.(定语)

可用作指人的有:who that whom

可用作指物的有:which that

此外,whose表示“……的”,既可指人又可指物,所以whose引导的定语从句存在“双重定语结构”

2、关系副词的用法(when where)

其中when引导一个表示时间的定语从句,where引到一个表示地点的定语从句I’d never forget this moment when(at which) I saw a so beautiful photo.

I like the park where(in which) I had many happy memories.

3、关系代词和关系副词的关系

从本质上来看,关系副词是关系代词的改写,其中它们存在如下关系:

When=during/on/at/in+which

Where=in/on/at+which

从以上可以看出,when和where实际上是“介词+which”构成的

二、在定语从句引导词中,用that而不用which的情况有:

1、先行词被only、最高级和序数词等修饰时

You must choose only one that you like.

That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.

2、先行词是不定代词(no/some/every/any与body/thing组合的词,以及all、little、few

等)或者被不定代词修饰时

Is there anything that I can do for you?

All that can be done must be done.

3、先行词中既包含人的成分又包含物的成分

I always remember these people and things that

用which而不用that的情况有:

1、引导词前面存在介词

2、先行词本身就是that或those

3、关于定语从句中几个重难点

1、定语从句和同位语从句的区别(举例)

○1定义上的区别:同位语从句是指对某个词起解释说明作用,使其更具体的从句,而定语从句是对句子中某一部分起形容、修饰作用,使其具有一定的特征的从句

○2先行词类的区别:同位语从句解释说明的那个名词一般是idea fact news thought

belif等具有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词比同位语更广,一般没有限制。

It’s a fact that we fail.

I have a good news that our team defeats the other.

○3引导词的区别:同位语从句的引导词可以是how whether that ,而定语从句的引

导词则是以上所述。

We run into a problem how we finish the work in time.

We are confronted with a choice whether we should go home.

2、关于其他“介词+which”结构的引导结构

这种结构中,介词的使用主要观察先行词或者句意,比如:

These are the reasons for which we failed.

He has kinds of books of which story books are his favorite.

3、关于定语从句中末尾“不及物动词+介词”结构中的介词提前到引导词之前的问题

当这个“不及物动词+介词”结构是一个固定短语时,这个介词就不能提到引导词之前:

It’s a good activity which I want to take part in.

This is your mission which you must do with..

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