【解析版】山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2019-2020学年八年级(下)期末物理试卷

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山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学八年级下学期期末质量检测数学试题缺答案

EDA CB八年级数学期末试题马尹庄中学王清学一、选择题（下列各题中，每题只有一项正确的答案，请把该项的序号填在题后的括号内，每题2分，共24分）1、下列说法中，不正确的是(A) 所有正方形的形状都是相同的 (B) 国旗上所有的五角星形状是相同的 (C) 所有邮票的形状是相同的(D) 所有2008年奥运会标记---“中国印”的图案的形状是相同的 2、调查某班级的的对数学老师的喜欢程度,下列最具有代表性的样本是( ) A 、调查单数学号的学生 B 、调查所有的班级干部 C 、调查全体女生 D 、调查数学兴趣小组的学生3、若032=-b a ，则ba= (A) 23 (B) 23- (C) 32 (D) 32-4、不等到式032≥-x 的解集是( ) A 、23≥x B 、x >23 C 、32<x D 、32<x5、化简yx y x --22的结果是（）A 、x+yB 、x- yC 、y- xD 、- x- y 6、如图,ΔABC 中,DE ∥BC,如果AD=1,DB=2,那么BCDE的值为( ) A 、32 B 、41 C 、31 D 、217、下列各式能用完全平方公式分解因式的是( )A.222y x x ++ B.442-+x x C.224y xy x ++ D.2244x xy y +-8、下列说法中，错误的是( ) A.21-=x 是不等式0<x 的一个解 B.不等式组⎩⎨⎧><31x x 无解C.不等式32<-x 的解集是23-<x D.不等式13-≤-x 的正整数解是1和2 9、用幻灯机将一个三角形ABC 的面积放大为原来的16倍，下列说法中正确的是 (A) 放大后∠A 、∠B 、∠C 是原来的16倍(B)放大后周长是原来的4倍 (C)放大后对应边长是原来的16倍(D)放大后对应中线长是原来的16倍 10．方程132+=x x 的解为……………【】 A 、2 B 、1 C 、-2 D 、-111、已知:如图，下列条件中不能判断直线l 1∥l 2的是（） A.∠1＝∠3 B.∠2＝∠3 C.∠4＝∠5 D.∠2＋∠4＝180 10、某班学生在颁奖大会上得知该班获得奖励的情况如下表：已知该班共有28人获得奖励，其中只获得两项奖励的有13人，那么该班获得奖励最多的一位同学可能获得的奖励为（）A ．3项B ．4项C ．5项D ．6项二、填空题(每小题3分，共30分) 1、已知31b b a 2=-，那么ba的值为______. 2、不等式组⎩⎨⎧<->-0102x x 的解集是；3、如图1，∠2=115º，∠3=∠4，则∠1= 。

山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2012-2013学年七年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题人教

某某省某某市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2012-2013学年七年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题人教新目标版一、单项选择。

(每小题各1分，计15分)( )1 Is ___ woman in red your mother? –Yes. She is ____ teacher and works in our school.A. the, /B. a, theC. the, aD. a, a( )2. --- What _____ your mother ______?--- She’s a r eporter.A. does, doB. are, doC. do, doD. are, does( )3. ____ do you live and_____ language can you speak?A. Where, whereB. Where, whatC. What, whatD. What, what( )4. --- Is there a post office _______ the neighborhood?--- Yes, it’s on Center Str eet _______ the right.A. on, inB. in, onC. in, downD. on, down( )5. I like _____ dolphin shows. They are interesting.A. readingB. lookingC. watchingD. seeing( )6. Can you ____ it in English? --- Sorry, I can’t ____ English.A. speak, tellB. speak, talkC. talk, sayD. say, speak( )7. There ____________ a bank and two pay phones near here.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is( )8. --What do you want to be?--I want to be _______. I like talking to people and writing.A. a reporterB. a waiterC. an actorD. a bank clerk( )9. ---______is the weather in Shanghai?--- ______windy.A. What ; It’sB. How ; It’sC. How ; ItsD. What ; Its( )10. The students often________ games after class. They ______ volleyball over there now.A. play, are playingB. are playing, playC. play, playD. are playing, are playing( )11 Thank you for _____ the school play.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinsD. is joining( )12.---Let’s ____. ---- Sounds good. I like thrillers.A. play sportsB. go shoppingC. go to a movieD. have dinner( )13. What do you do when it _____? --- I often stay at home and read books.A. rainingB. rainC. rainsD. is rains( )14. ---Isn’t it cute?---_______. I like it very much.A. Yes，it isn’tB. No，it isC. Yes，it isD. No, it isn’t.( )15. Thanks for telling me the way to the post office.A. SureB. Pretty good.C. You’re weleD. Excuse me二、完形填空 (每小题各1分，计10分)The sun is shining and it’s very hot. 31 many people don’t want to go out after 32 . Mrs West has to(不得不) 33 her father at the airport. Her fa ther doesn’t feel well, he wants to see a 34 in the city hospital.Now she’s 35 in the street. There 36 no trees and she feels very 37 . But she’s too 38 and can’t walk fast(快). Suddenly she finds(发现) a 39 walking behind her. She gets angry and her face tu rns red. “Why are you walking 40 me, boy?” She asks strictly. “It’s cooler”. The boy answers. .( )16. A、But B、Because C、So D、Then( )17. A、breakfast B、dinner C、supper D、lunch( )18. A、watch B、meet C、help D、ask( )19. A、nurse B、waiter C、policeman D、doctor( )20. A、walking B、walks C、walk D、to walk( )21. A、be B、is C、are D、am( )22. A、cold B、cool C、relaxed D、hot( )23. A、happy B、fat C、short D、tall( )24. A、boy B、man C、woman D、dog( )25. A、on B、in front of C、behind D、across from三、阅读理解 (每小题2分，计30分)(A)SUNNY SCHOOLWe are a bilingual(双语) school for children of 6-15. We want a cook, a library assistant, a sports coach and a language teacher.Job Age Language Skill Other terms(其它条件)cook 25~40 Chinese can cook Chinese and Western(西方) food healthylibrary assistant 20~35 Chinese,English has the knowledge(知识) on all kinds of books careful(仔细)sports coach 20~40 Chinese, English major in(主修) P.E. healthy strongteacher 30~45 Chinese,English major in English --( )26. Who can’t go to SunnySchool?A. A four-year-old child.B. An eleven-year-old boy.C. A fifteen-year-old girlD. An eight-year-old kid.( )27. Who is not wanted by SunnySchool?A. A PE teacher.B. An English teacher.C. A library assistantD. A math teacher.( )28. We know ______ may not speak English in SunnySchool.A. the sports coachB. the cookC. the library assistantD. the language teacher( )29. The coach must major in _______.A. ChineseB. EnglishC. foodD. P.E.( )30 The Sunny School wants a teacher ________.A. aged between 25 and 40B. who can cook Western foodC. who is careful and strongD. who can speak English and Chinese(B)Tom lived in a town near New York. His father had a shop there and his mother was a doctor. He was seven years old this year and began to go to school this September. It was a little far(远的) from their shop and his father drove a car to take himto school five days a week. So he was never(从不) late for class and his teachers likes him very much.It was Monday that day. Miss Green was teaching them to count(数数) from one to ten in the morning. Tom was studying hard. Soon he could count them. Green was happy and asked, “How many people are there in your family, Tom?”Tom stood up and said, “Two, Miss.”“Who are they?”“My father and my mother.”“Oh,” Miss Green was surprised. She then said, “There’re three people in your family.”“But now I’m not at home. I’m at school, you know!”( )31、Where did Tom’s father work? ______________A、In a factory.B、In a school.C、In a shop.D、In a hospital.( )32、Tom was now a student of_______.A、Grade OneB、Grade TwoC、Grade ThreeD、Grade Four( )33、Tom was never late for school because________.A、all his teachers liked himB、he went to school in a carC、his house was next to the schoolD、he just began to school a month ago( )34、Miss Green taught her children to count from one to ten_______.A、every dayB、one Monday morningC、in Tom’s houseD、five days a week( )35、Which is the best title(题目) for this story? ____________A、Two or Three?B、From One to TenC、Tom and his familyD、Miss Green and Her Students( )36. If you go to ______, maybe some people can understand you.A. RussiaB. SingaporeC. EgyptD. India( )37. Egyptians speak _________.A. ChineseB. RussianC. ArabicD. French( )38. If you go to ______, you must learn Russian well.A. RussiaB. CanadaC. SingaporeD. India( )39. The capital of Singapore is _______.A. MoscowB. CairoC. New DelhiD.Singapore city( )40. From the form(表格), we can see that ______ is the most important language.A. EnglishB. RussianC. FrenchD. Tamil四、词汇运用。

山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2022八年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题

山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2022-2022学年八年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题人教新目标版一、单项选择：15分1 I ___ thin there ____ more e, come B wi come, comeC come, wi comeD wi come, wi come10 Tom aed me _____ him a boo A give B to give C giving D gave11 –How ong ha the weather been ie thi - ______A Unti at nightB Since at nightC Two da agoD Two da ater12 The bo awa ta there for ____A one and haf hourB one and a hafC one and a haf hourD one and a haf hour13 It’ too hot Woud ou mind ____ the doorA to oChinae bac”bright ight in the wa______A the unB VenuC a machineD a e the trange beingD the wanted to ee thetrange being ver muchBHundred of ear ago, ife wa much harder than it i toda odern machine Life toda habrou ght new e angr more eai Air e, ocut change to the ame brown coor a croe broenuae food from unight, water and thing in the oi and aira can on ue the un’ energ after it ha been changed into foodb e anima feed directon aer anima Meat-eating anima are on eating an being（人类） We are member of manfood chain We eat wheat, rice, vegetabe, fruit and o on We ao eat meat and drin miBut men often brea ua and mae the river, ae, and ea dirt When thee river, ae andea are cannot be eaten If men eat the fih, the wi get trange dieae疾病Each form 形式, 方式 of ife i ined to a the other Breaing the in ae food from_______________________________________________________________________________ 4、在文中找出与下面意思相近的句子并写在下列的横线上。

山东省郓城县随官屯镇初级中学2019-2020学年九年级上学期第二次月考地理试题(解析版)

山东省郓城县随官屯镇初级中学2019-2020学年九年级上学期第二次月考地理试题一、选择题1. 读下图回答下列各题。

（1）上述四省中有我国虽然农作物一年内收获次数最少，土壤肥沃、产量较高的是（）A.AB.BC.CD.D（2）上述四省中，主要位于第二阶梯的是（）A.AB.BC.CD.D（3）下列关于我国民族特征的说法，不正确的是（）A.共有56个民族B.各民族不论大小，一律平等C.各民族均匀分布D.民族分布“大散居、小聚居，交错杂居”2. 读“美国本土部分农业分布示意图”，完成下面三题。

（1）美国乳畜带发展的有利条件是（）①城市和人口分布密集②地处亚热带，热量充足③临近五大湖，水源充足④地形平坦，土壤肥沃A.①②③B.①③④C.①②④D.②③④（2）美国农业生产现代化主要体现在（）①地区生产专业化②机械化程度高③精耕细作④农产品商品化程度高A.①②③B.①③④C.①②④D.②③④（3）下列农产品中，美国需要进口的是（）A.小麦B.玉米C.大豆D.可可3. 关于巴西的说法,正确的是 ( )A.巴西位于南美洲东部,东临大西洋,西临太平洋B.在巴西高原上分布着世界上面积最大的热带雨林区C.巴西农业发达,机械化和商品化程度高D.巴西工业以采矿业为主,其中铁矿资源丰富4. 下列关于四国的说法正确的是 ( )A.甲、丁位于东半球,乙、丙位于西半球B.丙、丁两国降水都是由东南向西北递减C.甲、丙两国的最大河流,航运价值都很大D.甲、乙两国农业都实现了地区生产的专业化5. 寒潮来袭期间，我国北方地区（）A.刮起强劲的西北风B.吹来湿润的东南风C.出现大范围的雾霾D.农田开始播种6. 和同纬度的长江中下游平原相比，四川盆地却“不带走一条秋裤”，主要因为其（）A.深居内陆B.海拔低C.四周环山D.多大风7. 2019年4月23日，庆祝中国人民海军成立70周年的海上大阅兵在山东省青岛市隆重举行。

据此完成下列各题。

（1）该日，地球公转位置在图中的（）A.①-②之间B.②～③之间C.③-④之间D.④～①之间（2）青岛市濒临的海洋是（）A.渤海B.黄海C.东海D.南海8. 下列盆地、平原与其别称的组合，正确的是A.四川盆地——“聚宝盆”B.柴达木盆地——“紫色盆地”C.东北平原——“天府之国”D.长江中下游平原——“鱼米之乡”9. 读我国沿北纬32°地形剖面示意图，回答下列小题。

山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇中学2017-2018学年八年级上学期生物12月月考试题(解析版)

山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇中学2017-2018学年八年级上学期生物12月月考试卷一、选择题1. 亲代的许多性状之所以在子代身上体现，原因是（）A. 精子和卵细胞中携带着亲代的性状B. 精子和卵细胞中携带着控制性状的基因C. 总在一起生活，长相就会相像D. 父母所有的性状都遗传给了子代【答案】B【解析】生物体的各种性状都是由基因控制的，性状的遗传实质上是亲代通过生殖细胞把基因传递给了子代，在有性生殖过程中，精子与卵细胞就是基因在亲子代间传递的桥梁．如图：故选B．2. 下列关于染色体的叙述中，正确的是（）A. 染色体是生物的主要遗传物质B. 每种生物的细胞内染色体的形态和数目都是一定的C. 生物体内的染色体数目只要变化不大，就不会导致严重的遗传病D. 每条染色体上都有许多个DNA分子【答案】B【解析】DNA是生物的主要遗传物质，呈双螺旋结构，A错误；每一种生物细胞内的染色体的形态和数目都是一定的，不同种生物细胞内的染色体的形态和数目不同，B正确；人的体细胞中，多了或者少了一条染色体，可能导致严重的遗传病，C错误；一条染色体上包含一个DNA分子，一个DNA分子上包含有多个基因，D错误。

3. 下列能正确反映所列各概念间关系的是（）A. B.C. D.【答案】A【解析】考点：染色体、DNA和基因的关系。

分析：遗传信息载体的结构层次由简到繁的顺序：基因→DNA→染色体→细胞核→细胞。

解答：细胞核是遗传信息库，是细胞的控制中心；染色体是细胞核中容易被碱性染料染成深色的物质，染色体是由DNA和蛋白质两种物质组成；DNA是遗传信息的载体，主要存在于细胞核中，DNA分子为双螺旋结构，像螺旋形的梯子；DNA上决定生物性状的小单位，叫基因。

基因决定生物的性状。

一条染色体有一个DNA分子组成，一个DNA分子上有许多个基因。

因此，细胞、细胞核、染色体、DNA、基因大小关系如图：故选：A4. 20世纪90年代，我国科学家通过转基因技术将细菌的抗虫基因成功地转移到棉花的受精卵中，培育出抗虫效果明显的棉花新品种．以上事实说明（）A. 细胞中的基因具有显性与隐性之分B. 生物的性状由基因控制C. 基因存在于染色体上D. 细胞中的基因是成对存在的【答案】B【解析】试题分析：将细菌的抗虫基因转移到棉花的受精卵中，由于棉花体内具有细菌的抗虫基因，抗虫效果明显。

山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学八年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题人教新目标版

山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学2012-2013学年八年级英语下学期期末质量检测试题人教新目标版一、单项选择：15分( )1. I ___ think there ____ more pollution.A. /, won’t beB. don’t, will beC. /, won’t haveD. don’t, have( )2. I’m going to be a doctor ____ five years. A. after B. during C. in D. for( )3. You always say ____ words as our teacher. A. so B. as C. the D. the same ( )4. She has ____ to buy a car.A. money enoughB. many moneyC. enough moneyD. a few money( )5. Is there ____ in the classroom now?A. someone elseB. else someoneC. anyone elseD. else anyone( )6. ___the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.A. WhileB. WhenC. WhatD. Where( )7. This book is very ___ and I am ____ in it.A. interest, interestB. interesting, interestedC. interested, interestingD. interested, interested( )8. –Could you please tell me ____? -It’s next to the post office.A. where is the supermarketB. where the supermarket isC. where was the supermarketD. where the supermarket was( )9. I want to know if he _____ tomorrow. If he _____, let me know.A. come, comesB. will come, comesC. comes, will comeD. will come, will come( )10. Tom asked me _____ him a book. A. give B. to give C. giving D. gave ( )11. –How long has the weather been like this? - ______.A. Until last nightB. Since last nightC. Two days agoD. Two days later ( )12. The boy always stays there for ____.A. one and half hourB. one and a halfC. one and a half hourD. one and a half hours( )13. It’s too hot. Would you mind ____ the door?A. to open B. opening C. opens D. opened( )14. He often helps me ____ my English. A. on B. with C. at D. in ( )15. The young man is _____ to carry the heavy stone.A. enoughB. too strongC. so strongD. strong enough二、完型填空：10分There is good news for the children in the countryside. We may still remember the girl 21 big eyes. Her big eyes are 22 us her dream: I wish to 23 ! In China, there are still 24 girls and boys like her. They want to go to school, but their25 are too poor. If the family has two or three children, it is harder to 26 the money for all the children. So the parents often ask 27 to stay at home, and boysto go to school.Now they needn’t 28 the money. From 2006 on, children can go to school for freein some poor places. They don’t have to pay for books and other things. Some of them can even get money from the government to make their life 29 . Soon, all the children in the countryside can go to school for free. All families are very happy with the news. It is 30 great.( )1. A. with B. on C. to D. in( )2. A. saying B. telling C. speaking D. talking ( )3. A. go to work B. go to bed C. go to school D. go home ( )4. A. a lot B. lot of C. a lot of D. much ( )5. A. schools B. cities C. houses D. families ( )6. A. pay B. take C. buy D. lend( )7. A. teachers B. girls C. boys D. all the children( )8. A. look up B. turn on C. worry about D. make sure ( )9. better B. shorter C. longer D. worse ( )10. A. not B. never C. hardly D. really三、阅读理解：4 0分A.One day an Australian farmer, Joe, saw a bright light in the sky. The light came nearer and nearer and suddenly Joe saw that it was a spaceship. The spaceship landed in a field nearby.The door of the spaceship opened and two strange beings(怪物) climbed out. They seemed to be half man and half bird. Joe was afraid of them. He tried to run away. But the spacemen walked towards him, picked him up and carried him into the spaceship. They asked him questions about Earth. “We’ re from Venus(金星)，”they said, “but it is getting very hot there. A lot of our people are dying and we haven’ t much time left. We are trying to find a new home.”After some time they freed Joe and at last the space-ship took off and could not be seen.Joe told his friends about the spacemen, but no one believed(相信) his story. “You will believe me one day”, Joe told them. “The spacemen will come back...”( ) 1.The bright light in the sky was______.A. the sunB. VenusC. a machineD. a spaceship( ) 2.The strange beings came to Earth to______.A. visit JoeB. catch JoeC. find a new homeD. live with Joe( ) 3.Joe was ______the spaceship.A. invited toB. afraid ofC. carried intoD. happy to get into( )4.The strange beings ______before they let him go.A . had asked Joe to mend their machine B. had asked Joe several questionsC. had given Joe some wiresD. had made Joe help them find a new place( )5.People didn’ t believe Joe because______.A. he told a lieB. it hadn’ t been seen beforeC. they didn’ t we lcome the strange beingsD. they wanted to see the strange beings very muchB.Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. Life today has brou ght new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water, noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world.Polluted air from cars, planes and factories is to thick that it is like a quilt(被子)over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog(烟雾). Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away. And they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air. We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car, if there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution.Rules are not enough, every person must help to fight pollution.( )6. Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because _____.A. there were fewer modern machines at that time than today.B. people didn’t like to use modern medicines.C. there were no modern machines at all.D. there were not so many people( )7. What is the biggest problem in today’s life?A. Dirty water. B. Smog. C. Noise.D. Pollution.( )8. The most serious kind of pollution is ______.A. noise pollutionB. air pollutionC. water pollutionD. from waste things( )9. Factories must clean their water ______.A. before they use itB. when they use itC. after i t is thrown awayD. before it is thrown away( )10. From the passage we know that ____.A. a few years ago, there was no smog at allB. today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voiceC. we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakesD. people are making rules in order to fight pollutionC.Do you know why different animals or pests(昆虫)have their special c olors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.Some birds like eating locusts(蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of colors of crops(庄稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.If you study the animal life, you’ll find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters(猎人). This is because they have the colors much like thetrees.Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid(液体)when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over(散开), its enemies(敌人)cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.( )11. From the passage we learn that locusts _______.A. are small animalsB. are easily found by birdsC. are dangerous to their enemiesD. change their colors to protect themselves( )12. How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger?A. They run away quickly.B. They have the colors much like their enemies.C. They hide themselves by day and appear at night.D. They have to move quietly. ( )13. Bears and lions can keep safe because _______.A. they have the colors much like the treesB. they move quietlyC. they like brown and gray colorsD. they live in forests( )14. Why can the kind of fish live up to now?A. Because it is very strong.B. Because the liquid it sends out can help it escape from its enemiesC. Because the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies.D. Because it swims faster than any other fish.( )15. W hich is the best title for this passage?A. The Change of Colors for Animals and PestsB. Colors of Different Animals and PestsC. The Main Use of Colors for Animals and PestsD. Some Animals and Pests四、选词填空：10分much, arm, wait, see, when, spend, she, worry, have, growOnly Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything all his life. 51 you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as pos sible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her 52 . When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and night and forgets about 53 . When you are 54 up day and day, she feels very happy. When you are old enough to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tell s you to put on 55 clothes. She always stands in the wind 56 for you back from school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels 57 about you at home. She usually knows about your study and 58 much money on your school things. When you do well at school, the brightest smile will be 59 on her face. Mother is always ready to give everything she 60 to her children, not to receive. What true love that is in the world! We will remember Mother Love forever(永远).1. ________2. ________3. ________4. _________5. _______6. ________7. ________8. ________9. _________ 10. ________五、句型转换：10分1. The teacher told us, “The earth travels around the sun.” (改为间接引语)The teacher told us _____ the earth ______ around the sun.2. I’ve been skating for 2 hours.(对画线部分提问) _____ _____ _____ you beenskating?3. They were doing their homework at six yesterday.(改为否定句)They ______ ______ their homework at six yesterday.4. He would like to play games with his friends. (同义句)He ____ ___ play games withhis friends.5. It looks like rain, ______ _______(反意疑问句)?六、任务型阅读。

【解析版】山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初八年级中学学年八年级(下)

2014学年山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学八年级（下）期末物理试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题（每空1分，共14分）1．（2分）人们常说：“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来”．从物理学角度来理解这句话，前半句﹣﹣“宝剑锋从磨砺出”是说利用减小受力面积的方法，可以来增大压强．可知，要增大压强有三种方法：一是当压力一定时，减小受力2．（2分）一架我国自行研制的歼8Ⅱ型战斗机的质量为1.5×103kg，发动机用8×104N的推力使飞机在10s内前进5000m，则飞机推力的功率为4×107W．为使飞机飞上蓝天，人们把飞机的机翼做成图的形状，是利用在气体中流速越大的位置压强越小（填“大”或“小”）的原理，使机翼上下表面产生压力差，从而产生升力．解决功率的=3．（4分）为保护船只的通行，打击猖狂的海盗，中国海军护航编队169舰、171舰及微山湖号补给舰于2008年12月26日下午1点从三亚出发，开赴亚丁湾．军舰在匀速驶向亚丁湾的过程中，由于消耗了燃料，则军舰所受到的浮力变小，所排开水的体积变小；其动能变小，重力势能不变（“变大”“不变”或“变小”）．4．（4分）图中，甲、乙两容器中盛满水，置于水平桌面上，两容器的容积相同，形状互为倒置则两容器对水平桌面的压力相比较F甲=F乙，对桌面的压强相比较P甲＜P乙，水对容器底部的压强相比较P甲′=P乙′，水对容器底部的压力相比较F甲′＞F乙′．（填“＞”“=”或“＜”），倒置后底面积减小，，．5．（2分）日常生活常见的物品中，铡刀属于省力杠杆，食品夹子属于费力杠杆．（填“费力”、“省力”或“等臂”）．二、选择题（每题2分，共20分．请将个体的正确选项填在下面表格对应的位置上）6．（2分）如图所示，公路两侧的甲、乙两条水渠由路面下的倾斜涵洞相连，两渠水面相平，涵洞中的水流方向，正确的说法是（）7．（2分）（2008•河南）少林功夫名扬天下，“二指禅”绝活令人称奇．表演时，人体倒立，只用中指和食指支撑全身的重量，如图．这时两手指对地面的压强最接近于（）==8．（2分）（2010•包头）如图所示，小鱼在水中吐出气泡，在气泡升至水面的过程中，体积会逐渐变大．下列关于气泡受到的浮力和气泡内气体的压强变化情况的描述中．正确的是（）9．（2分）（2007•山东）（菏泽市）在做托里拆利实验时，下列情况会对测量结果产生影响10．（2分）（2006•大连）西藏地区海拔高．关于西藏地区的气压与水的沸点，下列说法正13．（2分）（2012•内乡县模拟）如图所示，用滑轮组提升重物时，重800N的物体在10s内匀速上升了1m．已知拉绳子的力F为500N，则提升重物的过程中（）计算出拉力的功率．判断出===100W=80%14．（2分）（2006•白银）赵晶和王霞两同学讨论大气压的应用，举出了下列四种事例，其15．（2分）（2005•毕节地区）如图所示，甲、乙两支完全相同的试管，分别装有质量相等的液体，甲试管竖直放置，乙试管倾斜放置，两试管液面相平．设液体对两试管底的压强分别为p甲和p乙，则（）可知三、作图题（16题4分，17题2分，共6分）16．（4分）在我国古代，简单机械就有许多巧妙的应用，护城河上安装的吊桥装置就是一个例子，如图所示，在拉起吊桥的过程中，请你在图中画出动力臂L1和阻力F2．17．（2分）（2007•安徽）站在地面上的人想用尽可能小的力提升水桶．请在图中画出滑轮组绳子的绕法．四、实验探究题（18题6分，19题6分，20题4分，共22分）18．（6分）（2007•淮安）小明同学利用砝码、小桌、装有沙子的容器等实验器材，做“探究压力作用的效果”实验，如图甲所示．（1）保持小桌对沙子的压力不变，改变小桌与沙子的接触面积，小明发现接触面积越大．小桌陷入沙子越浅，说明压力的作用效果与受力面积的大小有关．（2）保持小桌与沙子的接触面积不变，改变小桌对沙子的压力，小明发现压力越大，小桌陷入沙子越深，说明压力的作用效果与压力的大小有关．（3）实验过程中，压力的作用效果是通过沙子的形变程度表现出来的．（4）小明将小桌和砝码又放到一块木板上，如图乙所示，比较甲、乙两种情况后，小明认为压力的作用效果还与接触面的材料有关，请对此结论作出简要评价．压力的作用效果是使物体发生形变，在压力大小和受力面积相同时，接触面材料不同，形变也不同，压力作用效果与接触面材料有关．19．（6分）（2009•丰泽区）某小组在测滑轮组的机械效率时得到的数据如下表所示，实验是用图甲做的实验，实验2是用图乙做的实验．（2）通过实验1和实验2的数据分析可得出结论：使用不同的滑轮组提升相同的重物时，动滑轮的个数越多，滑轮组的机械效率越小．（3）比较实验1和实验3可得结论：使用同一套滑轮组，增加钩码的重可以提高滑轮组的机械效率．n=段n==20．（4分）（2004•无锡）如图是研究小球动能与小球的质量和速度关系的实验装置示意图．表中记录了用甲、乙两球分别进行实验的数据．由表中数据可知：甲球的动能小于（选填”大于”、”小于”、或”等于”）乙球的动能；在质量和速度两个物理量中，对动能影响较大的五、计算题（8分）21．（8分）（2005•毕节地区）如图所示，边长为10cm的实心正方体木块，密度为0.6×103kg/m3，静止在装有足量水的容器中，且上下底面与水面平行，求：（1）木块的质量；（2）木块在水中所受浮力的大小；（3）木块浸在水中的体积；（4）水对木块下底面的压强．（取g=10N/kg），得===0.06m。

山东省郓城县随官屯镇初级中学八年级历史下册课件：第18课科技文化成就

屠呦呦获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
3.新中国取得巨大科技成就的原因是什么？对我们有何启示？
原因：党和国家高度重视科技工作，成立中国科学院；中央发出“向科学进军”的号召，制定科技发展的远景规划；广大科技人员无私奉献和热情地投入；海外一些中国优秀科学家纷纷回国； 1978年以来，推行“科教兴国”战略。
音乐：大型音乐舞蹈史诗《东方红》是优秀代表作
2.阅读教材第三目“材料研读”内容，谈一谈对文化自信的理解和认识。
中华民族5000多年的文明史，是中华文化的核心。中华民族历来有记录历史、传承和借鉴历史的优良传统。“前事之不忘，后事之师也。” 善于从文化遗产中总结规律，继承宝贵的文化遗产，这是中华民族绵延不断、始终保持旺盛生命力的源泉，也是前进的定力。
导入新课
中华人民共和国成立后，在中国共产党领导下，广大科技工作者保持自力更生、艰苦奋斗的精神，在国防建设、农业生产、医学等科学技术领域填补了一项又一项空白，取得了举世瞩目的成就，提高了国际地位，更为我国社会主义现代化建设提供了坚实的基础。今天我们共同学习。
单击页面即可演示
第18课科技文化成就
袁隆平当选2004年感动中国人物
袁隆平获首届国家最高科学技术奖
2.自主概括药学家屠呦呦的主要成就及其重要意义。
成就：中国药学家屠呦呦领导科研团队，在20世纪70年代初发现了能够有效抵抗疟疾的青蒿素。
意义：青蒿素的发现，开创了治疗疟疾的新方法。得到世界卫生组织的认可和大力推广，使全球数亿人受益。
毛泽东：我们现在已经比过去强，不但要有更多的飞机和大炮，而且还要有原子弹。在今天的世界上，我们要不受人家欺负，就不能没有这个东西。
邓小平：如果20世纪60年代以来中国没有原子弹、氢弹，没有发射卫星，中国就不能叫有重要影响的大国，就没有现在这样的国际地位。

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2019-2020学年山东省菏泽市郓城县随官屯镇马尹庄初级中学
八年级（下）期末物理试卷
参考答案与试题解析
一、填空题（每空1分，共14分）
1．（2分）人们常说：“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来”．从物理学角度来理解这句话，前半句﹣﹣“宝剑锋从磨砺出”是说利用减小受力面积的方法，可以来增大压强．
p=
2．（2分）一架我国自行研制的歼8Ⅱ型战斗机的质量为1.5×103kg，发动机用8×104N的推力使飞机在10s 内前进5000m，则飞机推力的功率为4×107W．为使飞机飞上蓝天，人们把飞机的机翼做成图的形状，是利用在气体中流速越大的位置压强越小（填“大”或“小”）的原理，使机翼上下表面产生压力差，从而产生升力．
P=
=
3．（4分）为保护船只的通行，打击猖狂的海盗，中国海军护航编队169舰、171舰及微山湖号补给舰于2008年12月26日下午1点从三亚出发，开赴亚丁湾．军舰在匀速驶向亚丁湾的过程中，由于消耗了燃料，则军舰所受到的浮力变小，所排开水的体积变小；其动能变小，重力势能不变（“变大”“不变”或“变小”）．
4．（4分）图中，甲、乙两容器中盛满水，置于水平桌面上，两容器的容积相同，形状互为倒置则两容器对水平桌面的压力相比较F甲=F乙，对桌面的压强相比较P甲＜P乙，水对容器底部的压强相比较P ′=P乙′，水对容器底部的压力相比较F甲′＞F乙′．（填“＞”“=”或“＜”）
甲
p=
p=
．
5．（2分）日常生活常见的物品中，铡刀属于省力杠杆，食品夹子属于费力杠杆．（填“费力”、“省力”或“等臂”）
．
二、选择题（每题2分，共20分．请将个体的正确选项填在下面表格对应的位置上）
6．（2分）如图所示，公路两侧的甲、乙两条水渠由路面下的倾斜涵洞相连，两渠水面相平，涵洞中的水流方向，正确的说法是（）
7．（2分）（2008•河南）少林功夫名扬天下，“二指禅”绝活令人称奇．表演时，人体倒立，只用中指和食指支撑全身的重量，如图．这时两手指对地面的压强最接近于（）
P===3
8．（2分）（2010•包头）如图所示，小鱼在水中吐出气泡，在气泡升至水面的过程中，体积会逐渐变大．下列关于气泡受到的浮力和气泡内气体的压强变化情况的描述中．正确的是（）
13．（2分）（2012•内乡县模拟）如图所示，用滑轮组提升重物时，重800N的物体在10s内匀速上升了1m．已知拉绳子的力F为500N，则提升重物的过程中（）
P=
P==
=
14．（2分）（2006•白银）赵晶和王霞两同学讨论大气压的应用，举出了下列四种事例，其中不属于利用大
15．（2分）（2005•毕节地区）如图所示，甲、乙两支完全相同的试管，分别装有质量相等的液体，甲试管竖直放置，乙试管倾斜放置，两试管液面相平．设液体对两试管底的压强分别为p甲和p乙，则（）
可知
三、作图题（16题4分，17题2分，共6分）
16．（4分）在我国古代，简单机械就有许多巧妙的应用，护城河上安装的吊桥装置就是一个例子，如图所示，在拉起吊桥的过程中，请你在图中画出动力臂L1和阻力F2．
17．（2分）（2007•安徽）站在地面上的人想用尽可能小的力提升水桶．请在图中画出滑轮组绳子的绕法．
四、实验探究题（18题6分，19题6分，20题4分，共22分）
18．（6分）（2007•淮安）小明同学利用砝码、小桌、装有沙子的容器等实验器材，做“探究压力作用的效果”实验，如图甲所示．
（1）保持小桌对沙子的压力不变，改变小桌与沙子的接触面积，小明发现接触面积越大．小桌陷入沙子越浅，说明压力的作用效果与受力面积的大小有关．
（2）保持小桌与沙子的接触面积不变，改变小桌对沙子的压力，小明发现压力越大，小桌陷入沙子越深，说明压力的作用效果与压力的大小有关．
（3）实验过程中，压力的作用效果是通过沙子的形变程度表现出来的．
（4）小明将小桌和砝码又放到一块木板上，如图乙所示，比较甲、乙两种情况后，小明认为压力的作用效果还与接触面的材料有关，请对此结论作出简要评价．压力的作用效果是使物体发生形变，在压力大小和受力面积相同时，接触面材料不同，形变也不同，压力作用效果与接触面材料有关．
是用图甲做的实验，实验2是用图乙做的实验．
（2）通过实验1和实验2的数据分析可得出结论：使用不同的滑轮组提升相同的重物时，动滑轮的个数越多，滑轮组的机械效率越小．
（3）比较实验1和实验3可得结论：使用同一套滑轮组，增加钩码的重可以提高滑轮组的机械效率．
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20．（4分）（2004•无锡）如图是研究小球动能与小球的质量和速度关系的实验装置示意图．表中记录了用甲、乙两球分别进行实验的数据．由表中数据可知：甲球的动能小于（选填”大于”、”小于”、或”等于”）乙球的动能；在质量和速度两个物理量中，对动能影响较大的是速度．
五、计算题（8分）
21．（8分）（2005•毕节地区）如图所示，边长为10cm的实心正方体木块，密度为0.6×103kg/m3，静止在装有足量水的容器中，且上下底面与水面平行，求：
（1）木块的质量；
（2）木块在水中所受浮力的大小；
（3）木块浸在水中的体积；
（4）水对木块下底面的压强．（取g=10N/kg）
利用
==6
h==。