初中英语语法总结表格经典必备
初中英语
法
总
结
一
览
表
语法项目构成用法象征词规则变化不规则变化例句
一般现
在时动词用原形
三人称单
数-s / es
表示经
常性的
动作或状态
E very often always on 天in
月、季、节
、年。
一般-s –es 辅
have----has
音+y---ies
He goes to school every day.
I often have lunch at home.
一般过
去时动词用过去时
Be—was/ were
表过
去某个、段时
间
内
动作及状态
a go/just now /In1998
last/yesterday 等
一般/去e 双写
/辅+y结尾-
ied
g o-went come-came
do-did leave-left 等
He wrote a letter yesterday.
I studied hard last year.
一般将来时be going to+V 原
will / shall + V 原
在将来某个时
间
或
某段时
要做的事
t omorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
G o come leave stay
fly 等用进行表将来
Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow .
现在进行时b e+doing 表此时
此刻正进
行的动
作或状态
l isten look now
all the time Don’t ?
一般去 e 双写
+ing
t ie die lie –
变i e为y加ing Tom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .
现在完成时现在完成进行have / has +PP
have/has been+doing
发生在过去影响在现在
的动
作或状态
等
含糊的频
率副
词a lready just never ever
分词
规则
的同
不规
则
的
动
词
过
去分
过去式是一样词需逐个记忆
的
I have been teaching for 8
years.
He has slept for two days.
.过去进行时was / were +doing
多用于复合句中
表在过
去某时
间正在进
行的动
作
a t this time yesterday
last Sunday evening
一般去 e 双写
+ing
t ie die lie –
变i e为y加ing He was reading at that time
last Friday
过去完成时had+动过去分词
多用于复合句中该动作发生在过去的过
去
b y the time +过去时
when after before
规则的分词构
成与过
去时
一
样的
需要逐个记
忆
详见不规则动词表We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.
语法项目构成用法象征词规则变化不规则变化例句
过去将来时w ould + V 原形
多用宾
语从句中过去看来将要发生的动
作或状态
He said that he ?the next day .
H e said that he would come
here the next day .
比较
级形式后--er 前加more 形容副词
名词
名词
比较
用more 表示两个人、物
之间
进行比较
时
than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等
一般/去e 双写
/辅+y结尾-
ier
g ood/well —better
much/many—more
She is the tall in the two.
He runs faster than Tom .
最高级
形式后-est 前加most 形容副词
名词
名词
比较
用most 大于等于三个人、物之
间进行比较
in the +比较范围
of the 具体的数字
一般/去e 双写
/辅+y结尾-
iest
b ad/ill/badly-worst
far-farther-farthest
She is the most beautiful
in her class.(最高级加the)
动词不定式
to do 没有人称和数的变
化作主语
To read is helpful for
anybody now .
作宾
语
作宾
补
Tom told me to open
it.
He wants to buy aI hear him sing yesterday
dictionary.
作表语
His job is to
take care of
children .
作状语
He’llgo to see a doctor
tomorrow .
作定语
He has much homework
to do every day .
状语
从句宾
语从句定语
从句
主从复合句句子作状语
(时
间地点原因条件让
步比较
)句子作宾
语(语
序、时
态
、引导
词
、客观
事实
)句子作定语
(修饰
名词
或代词
的句子、注意先行词
)
He was writing a letter when I came in 。He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主动
结
构
与被动
结
构主动语态:主语(人、物)+谓语+宾语
We speak English .
动作执行者+ 及物动词+动作承受者
主语
谓语
宾
被动
语态
:主语
(人、物)+be PP + by宾
语
English is spoken by us
动作承受者+ be PP + by动作执行者
主动变被,先找主、谓、宾,宾改主、主by宾,代
词变格要细心,谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被
PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表
被动
句的时
态
(be)随主动
句的时
态
(do)人称和数在被动
语态
中没有可以省to 的不定式宾
改主谓
语动
词be PP 主by宾
应随被动
句的主语
(am、is、are、was、were 等)