初中英语语法总结表格经典必备

初中英语

语法项目构成用法象征词规则变化不规则变化例句

一般现

在时动词用原形

三人称单

数-s / es

表示经

常性的

动作或状态

E very often always on 天in

月、季、节

、年。

一般-s –es 辅

have----has

音+y---ies

He goes to school every day.

I often have lunch at home.

一般过

去时动词用过去时

Be—was/ were

表过

去某个、段时

动作及状态

a go/just now /In1998

last/yesterday 等

一般/去e 双写

/辅+y结尾-

ied

g o-went come-came

do-did leave-left 等

He wrote a letter yesterday.

I studied hard last year.

一般将来时be going to+V 原

will / shall + V 原

在将来某个时

某段时

要做的事

t omorrow / after

next / tonight in 2010

G o come leave stay

fly 等用进行表将来

Are you going to read ?

He is coming tomorrow .

现在进行时b e+doing 表此时

此刻正进

行的动

作或状态

l isten look now

all the time Don’t ?

一般去 e 双写

+ing

t ie die lie –

变i e为y加ing Tom is writing now .

They are lying on the bed .

现在完成时现在完成进行have / has +PP

have/has been+doing

发生在过去影响在现在

的动

作或状态

含糊的频

率副

词a lready just never ever

分词

规则

的同

不规

去分

过去式是一样词需逐个记忆

I have been teaching for 8

years.

He has slept for two days.

.过去进行时was / were +doing

多用于复合句中

表在过

去某时

间正在进

行的动

a t this time yesterday

last Sunday evening

一般去 e 双写

+ing

t ie die lie –

变i e为y加ing He was reading at that time

last Friday

过去完成时had+动过去分词

多用于复合句中该动作发生在过去的过

b y the time +过去时

when after before

规则的分词构

成与过

去时

样的

需要逐个记

详见不规则动词表We had learnt 2000 words

by the end of last year.

语法项目构成用法象征词规则变化不规则变化例句

过去将来时w ould + V 原形

多用宾

语从句中过去看来将要发生的动

作或状态

He said that he ?the next day .

H e said that he would come

here the next day .

比较

级形式后--er 前加more 形容副词

名词

名词

比较

用more 表示两个人、物

之间

进行比较

than /much/ a little

far / in the two 等

一般/去e 双写

/辅+y结尾-

ier

g ood/well —better

much/many—more

She is the tall in the two.

He runs faster than Tom .

最高级

形式后-est 前加most 形容副词

名词

名词

比较

用most 大于等于三个人、物之

间进行比较

in the +比较范围

of the 具体的数字

一般/去e 双写

/辅+y结尾-

iest

b ad/ill/badly-worst

far-farther-farthest

She is the most beautiful

in her class.(最高级加the)

动词不定式

to do 没有人称和数的变

化作主语

To read is helpful for

anybody now .

作宾

作宾

Tom told me to open

it.

He wants to buy aI hear him sing yesterday

dictionary.

作表语

His job is to

take care of

children .

作状语

He’llgo to see a doctor

tomorrow .

作定语

He has much homework

to do every day .

状语

从句宾

语从句定语

从句

主从复合句句子作状语

(时

间地点原因条件让

步比较

)句子作宾

语(语

序、时

、引导

、客观

事实

)句子作定语

(修饰

名词

或代词

的句子、注意先行词

He was writing a letter when I came in 。He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday

主动

与被动

构主动语态:主语(人、物)+谓语+宾语

We speak English .

动作执行者+ 及物动词+动作承受者

主语

谓语

被动

语态

:主语

(人、物)+be PP + by宾

English is spoken by us

动作承受者+ be PP + by动作执行者

主动变被,先找主、谓、宾,宾改主、主by宾,代

词变格要细心,谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被

PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表

被动

句的时

(be)随主动

句的时

(do)人称和数在被动

语态

中没有可以省to 的不定式宾

改主谓

语动

词be PP 主by宾

应随被动

句的主语

(am、is、are、was、were 等)

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