软件工程(双语)3.3
变换映射
变换型DFD图
初始SC图
事务映射
事务型DFD图
初始SC图
按照优化设计的指导原则改进初始的SC图,获得最
终SC图
变换映射
划分DFD图的边界 建立初始SC图的框架
顶层都只含一个用于控制的主模块 第一层包括传入、传出和中心变换三个模块
分解SC图的各个分支
分解实质上是“映射”
事务型结构DFD
接受路径
Hale Waihona Puke 事务中心动作路径同时存在两类结构
传入
变换
传出
T 事务中心
SD方法的步骤
SD方法的步骤
复审DFD图,必要时可再次进行修改或细化
鉴别DFD图所表示的软件系统的结构特征,确定它 所代表的软件结构是属于变换型还是事务型
按照SD方法规定的一组规则,把DFD图为初始的SC 图
PutU
u v
v Write V
变换中心的分解
MT
e
c,p p
w,u rr
Q
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初始SC图
MC
MA
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ME
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事务映射
在DFD图上确定边界
事务中心 接受部分(包括接受路径) 发送部分(包括全部动作路径)
例子—划分DFD
变换中心
a
b
A
B
C
d
D
E
传入部分
c
Pr
p
e
Q
W
w
R
u
v
U
V
传出部分
第一级分解
c,e
MA
MC
u,w
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u,w
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传入分支的分解
c,e
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传出分支的分解
w,u
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编外人员 税收
编外人员 扣款
计算 实发工资
煎饼形结构 不可取!
取得 工资数据
计时制 工资额
薪金制 工资额
编外人员 税收 工 资 扣款
编外人员 常规 税 收 扣款
编外人员 扣款
例子:扇出
计算 实发工资
塔型结构
取得 工资数据
计时工人 实发工资
计薪工人 实发工资
编外人员 实发工资
计时制 工资额
税收 扣款
薪金制 工资额
常规 扣款
编外人员 工资
接口设计 体系结构设计
数据设计
数据流图的类型
数据流图的类型
变换(transform)型结构
传入路径 变换中心 传出路径
事务(transaction)型结构
一条接受路径 一个事务中心 若干条动作路径
变换结构的DFD
传入
变换 中心
信息 传出
传入流 传出流 变换流
时间
画出SC图框架
DFD图的三个部分分别映射为事务控制模块, 接受模块和动作发送模块
分解和细化接受分支和发送分支
例子—划分DFD
接受部分
事务中心
传入
变换
传出
T
动作部分
第一层分解
事务控制
顶层
接收
发送
第一层
混合结构
C
c1
D
G
1
c2
de
h
C
b1 b2 2
B
b3 b
c3 E
C
f
3
g
Jk
j
F
A
a
K
l
L
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优化结构设计的指导规则
对模块划分的指导规则
提高内聚,降低耦合后 简化模块接口 少用全局性数据和控制型信息
保持高扇入/低扇出的原则
扇入高则上级模块多,能够增加模块的利用率 扇出低则表示下级模块少,可以减少模块调用和控
制的复杂度
扇入和扇出
M M的扇入
M M的扇出
例子:扇出
3.结构化系统设计
SD概述 面向数据流设计和面向数据设计
面向数据流:数据流是考虑一切问题的出发点 面向数据:以数据结构作为分析与设计的基础 从分析模型导出设计模型 结构化设计的描述工具:SC图
从分析模型导出设计模型
数据对象描述
PSPEC
E-R
DFD
DD
CFD CSPEC
过程设计
软件工程介绍--英文版
软件工程介绍--英文版Software Engineering IntroductionSoftware engineering is a discipline that focuses on the design, development, maintenance, and testing of software systems It plays a crucial role in today's digital age, where software is an integral part of almost every aspect of our lives, from communication and entertainment to business and healthcareThe importance of software engineering cannot be overstated In a world that increasingly relies on technology, software needs to be reliable, efficient, and userfriendly Poorly developed software can lead to significant problems, such as system crashes, security breaches, and user dissatisfaction This is where software engineers come in – they apply scientific and engineering principles to ensure that software meets the highest standards of qualityOne of the key aspects of software engineering is the software development life cycle (SDLC) This is a structured process that typically includes several phases, such as requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance During the requirements gathering phase, software engineers work closely with stakeholders to understand their needs and expectations for the software This involves identifying the functions the software should perform, the users it will serve, and any constraints or limitationsThe design phase is where the overall architecture and structure of the software are planned This includes decisions about the software'scomponents, interfaces, and data structures A welldesigned software systemis modular, scalable, and maintainable, making it easier to add new features and fix bugs in the futureImplementation is the actual coding of the software Software engineers use programming languages and tools to translate the design into working code They also need to follow best practices in coding, such as writing clear and understandable code, using proper naming conventions, and adding comments to explain the logicTesting is an essential part of the SDLC to ensure that the software functions correctly and meets the specified requirements Different types of tests are performed, including unit testing (testing individual components),integration testing (testing how components work together), and system testing (testing the entire software system) Bug fixes and optimizations are made based on the test resultsMaintenance is the ongoing process of supporting and improving the software after it has been deployed This may involve fixing bugs, addingnew features, adapting the software to changes in the environment or user needs, and ensuring its compatibility with new technologiesAnother important concept in software engineering is software design patterns These are reusable solutions to common software design problemsBy using design patterns, software engineers can improve the quality and efficiency of their code Some common design patterns include the singleton pattern, factory pattern, and observer patternAgile methodologies have also become popular in recent years in software engineering Unlike traditional waterfall models, which follow a sequential process, agile approaches emphasize flexibility and collaboration Teams work in short iterations, delivering working software frequently and responding quickly to changes in requirementsSoftware engineering also involves managing projects effectively This includes tasks such as scheduling, budgeting, resource allocation, and risk management Good project management skills are essential to ensure that software projects are completed on time and within budgetIn addition, software engineers need to be aware of ethical and legal considerations They must ensure that the software they develop respects privacy, security, and intellectual property rights They also have a responsibility to create software that is accessible to all users, regardless of their abilitiesFinally, the field of software engineering is constantly evolving New technologies, programming languages, and development paradigms emerge regularly Software engineers need to keep learning and staying updated to remain competent in their professionIn conclusion, software engineering is a complex and diverse field that requires a combination of technical skills, problemsolving abilities, and teamwork It is a discipline that has a significant impact on our modern society and will continue to play a crucial role in shaping the future of technology。
(完整word版)软件工程MiddleTermExam-2015-11(带答案)
评阅教师得分“软件工程导论”课程半期考试题一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题2分,共40分)提示:在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在下表中。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. Which design model elements are used to depict a model of informationrepresented from the user’s view?a. Architectural design elementsb. Component—level design elementsc. Data design elementsd. Interface design elementsAnswer:c (Section 8。
4.1)2. Which of the following are not areas of concern(考虑)in the design model?a. architectureb. datac. interfacesd. project scopeAnswer: d (Section 8.1)3. The importance of software design can be summarized in a single worda. accuracyb. complexityc. efficiencyd. qualityAnswer: d (Section 8。
1)4. Which of the following is not a characteristic common to all design methods?a. configuration managementb. functional component representationc. quality assessment guidelinesd. refinement heuristicsAnswer: a (Section 8.2.2)5. What types of abstraction are not used in software design?a. controlb. datac. environmentald. proceduralAnswer:c (Section 8。
自考软件工程第3章知识点总结
2
第3章 软件需求分析
需求分析在软件开发中所处的地位愈加突出,从而也愈加 困难,它的难点主要体现在以下几个方面:
(1) 问题的复杂性。 (2) 交流障碍。 (3) 不完备性和不一致性。 (4) 需求易变性。
软件需求分析与说明的方法的基本原则:
(1) 必须能够表达和理解问题的数据域和功能域。 (2) 可以把一个复杂问题按功能进行分解并可逐层细化。 (3) 建模。
结构化分析(Structured Analysis,简称SA),是面向数 据流进行需求分析的方法。根据软件内部数据传递、变换的关 系,自顶向下逐层分解,描绘出满足功能要求的软件模型。
3.2.1自项向下逐层分解的分析策略
面对一个复杂的问题,采取分解的策略,把一个复杂的问
题划分成若干小问题,然后再分别解决。分解可分层进行,在
(3) 环境需求。 (4) 用户界面需求。
4
第3章 软件需求分析
2. 分析与综合, 导出软件的逻辑模型 分析人员对获取的需求,进行一致性的分析检查,在 分析、 综合中逐步细分软件功能,划分成各个子功能。 3. 编写文档 编写文档的步骤如下: (1) 编写“需求说明书。 (2) 编写初步用户使用手册。 (3) 编写确认测试计划。 (4) 修改完善项目开发计划。
3. 数据项条目 数据项条目是不可再分解的最小数据单位, 其定义格 式及举例如下: 数据项名称: 货物编号 别名: G-No, G-num, Goods-No 简述: 本公司的所有货物的编号 类型: 字符串 长度: 10
取值范围及含义: 第1位: 进口/国产
第2~4位: 类别 第5~7位: 规格
第8~10位: 品名编号
1. 数据流条目
数据流条目给出了DFD中数据流的定义,通常列出该数 据流的各组成数据项。
软件工程(双语)(最全)word资料
软件工程(双语)(最全)word资料软件工程(双语)Software Engineering课程编号:B0301101S学分: 3开课学院:计算机学院课内学时:48课程类别:专业基础课课程性质:必修一、课程的性质和目的Curriculum nature:The course is professional required course of Software Engineering Major.Object:The Software Engineering is the basis course of computer and related sciences. It is an engineering discipline where software engineers use methods and theory from computer science and apply it cost-effectively to solve difficult problems. This course presents a broad perspective on software engineering, such as software lifecycle, qualities of software, design, specification and verification of software, programming environments and tools, structural oriented programming and object oriented programming. Furthermore, the quality management, process improvement, software change, configuration management are also discussed.二、课程教学内容及基本要求(一)课程教学内容及知识模块顺序KNOWLEDGE UNIT 1: INTRO TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (2h)(1)Knowledge point 1 The Evolving Role of Software(2)Knowledge point 2 The Nature of Software(3)Knowledge point 3 Legacy SoftwareBasic requirement: Understand the basic conception of software engineering, master the Nature of software, master the definition of software engineering.KNOWLEDGE UNIT 2: A GENERIC VIEW OF PROCESS (4h)(1)Knowledge point 1 A Layered Technology(2)Knowledge point 2 A Process Framework(3)Knowledge point 3 The Capability Maturity Model IntegrationBasic requirement: Understand the conception of software processes, master the basic processes of software analyze,design, implement and test, understand the definition of CMMI.KNOWLEDGE UNIT 3: PROCESS MODELS (2h)(1)Knowledge point 1 Prescriptive Models(2)Knowledge point 2 Waterfall Model(3)Knowledge point 3 Incremental Process, Evolutionary Process(4)Knowledge point 4 Unified Process, Agile ProcessBasic requirement: Understand the various process models, such as waterfall model, Unified Process and Agile Process.KNOWLEDGE UNIT 4: REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING (4h)(1)Knowledge point 1 Bridge to Design and Construction(2)Knowledge point 2 Requirements Engineering Tasks(3)Knowledge point 3 Initiating the Requirements Engineering Process(4)Knowledge point 4 Eliciting RequirementsBasic requirement: Master the steps of requirements engineering process, understand the role of abridge to design.KNOWLEDGE UNIT 5: THE ANAL YSIS MODEL (6h)(1)Knowledge point 1 Requirements Analysis Modeling(2)Knowledge point 2 Data, functional and Behavioral(3)Knowledge point 3 Flow-Oriented Modeling(4)Knowledge point 4 Object-Oriented ModelingBasic requirement: Master the conception and method of requirement analyze, understand the user requirement and system requirement, master the main content of Flow-Oriented and Object-Oriented Modeling.KNOWLEDGE UNIT 6: DESIGN ENGINEERING (4h)(1)Knowledge point 1 Design Process and Design Quality(2)Knowledge point 2 Design Concepts(3)Knowledge point 3 Design Model(4)Knowledge point 4 Design PatternBasic requirement: Master the steps of design engineering process, understand the role of a bridge to construction, understand the conception of design pattern.KNOWLEDGE UNIT 7: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN (4h)(1)Knowledge point 1 Software Architecture(2)Knowledge point 2 Data Design(3)Knowledge point 3 Architectural Design(4)Knowledge point 4 Mapping Data Flow into a Software ArchitectureBasic requirement: Master the Structural Design method, including data flow diagram, data dictionary, and control models, understand the software design specification.KNOWLEDGE UNIT 8: COMPONENT-LEVEL DESIGN (6h)(1)Knowledge point 1 Designing Class-Based Components(2)Knowledge point 2 Conducting Component-Level Design(3)Knowledge point 3 Designing Conventional ComponentsBasic requirement: Understand the conception of components, Master the modular decomposition KNOWLEDGE UNIT 9: TESTING STRA TEGIES (4h)(1)Knowledge point 1 Software Testing Strategic(2)Knowledge point 2 Test Strategies for Conventional Software(3)Knowledge point 3 Test Strategies for Object-Oriented Software(4)Knowledge point 4 Validation Testing(5)Knowledge point 5 System TestingBasic requirement: Understand the basic definition of verification and validation, Master the steps of software testing process, Master the conventional software test strategies, understand the Object-Oriented Software test strategies.KNOWLEDGE UNIT 10: TESTING TACTICS (6h)(1)Knowledge point 1 Software Testing Fundamentals(2)Knowledge point 2 Black-Box and White-Box Testing(3)Knowledge point 3 Object-Oriented Testing MethodsBasic requirement: Understand the basis of software testing fundamentals, master the main contents of unit testing and integration testing, master the design of black-box and white-box testing. KNOWLEDGE UNIT 11: QUALITY MANAGEMENT (2h)(1)Knowledge point 1 Software Quality(2)Knowledge point 2 Software Quality Assurance(3)Knowledge point 3Software ReliabilityBasic requirement: Understand the definition of software Quality Management, master the basic method of software quality control.KNOWLEDGE UNIT 12: CHANGE MANAGEMENT (4h)(1)Knowledge point 1 Software Configuration Management(2)Knowledge point 2 SCM Process(3)Knowledge point 3 Version ControlBasic requirement: Understand the basic requirements of software change, understand the definition of software configuration management, master the version control.(二)课程的重点、难点及解决办法Curriculum focuses on the establishment of the basis theory of software engineering,and it is difficulty to design a suitable practical activity for the most students in software development process, making it better able to establish the basic theory and methods of software engineering. Therefore, students are organized in small groups as a unit. Teachers and students jointly build a development issue, gradually expand the development of practice activities, and use classroom-style assessment. The teach model can initiative to mobilize the students as possible.三、实验实践环节及基本要求1.实验实践教学环节在本课程中的作用及要求(实验教学大纲单独编写)The experimental practices of this course need to complete the software development process the main part of the three major activities and a supporting framework, including requirements analysis, software design, unit test and software configuration management. These experiments content is all software development activities have to be resolved, can be well reflected in software engineering theory, software development process needs of the technology practice.2.实验项目(具体要求见实验教学大纲)Experiment 1: Designing and Writing Software Requirements Specification (2h)Experiment 2: Designing and Writing Software Design Specification (2h)Experiment 3: Software Unit Testing (2h)Experiment 4: Software Configuration management (2h)四、本课程与其它课程的联系与分工The prep course of this course is data structure. This course is a follow-up to other professional courses on the basis of software engineering major.五、对学生能力培养的要求Through the course of study, students can establish the basic theories and methods of software engineering, master a certain requirement analysis, software design, development and testing capabilities, and master the basic theory of teamwork developed.六、课程学时分配Total 48 hours, including lectures 40 hours, experiments 8 hours. The main contents and distribution of course see the course hour’s allocation table.七、建议教材和教学参考书目1.教材《Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach(英文精编版,第6版)》, Roger S. Pressman, 机械工业出版社,20202.主要参考书[1]《Software Engineering (8th Edition)》,Ian Sommerville,机械工业出版社,2020.[2]《软件工程(第8版)》,程成,陈霞,机械工业出版社,2020.[3]《软件工程:实践者的研究方法(本科教学版)》Roger S. Pressman,机械工业出版社,2020八、课程考核The course use close examination pattern. The academic performance mainly results from the final examination and the usual performance, which accounted for 70% of the final examination, usually performance accounted for 30%. Usually performance is mainly decided by working projects of the courses, supplemented by after-school work and attendance.九、说明In the teaching process, it is need to the divided students into a group of 3-6 people. They need to complete a software development project collaboratively with courses progress.执笔人:宗平审核人:陈志教学院长:孙力娟编写完成时间:2009年10月20日软件工程专业介绍培养目标:本专业培养适应社会发展需求,德、智、体、美全面发展,具有扎实的计算机应用理论和知识基础,掌握软件工程领域的前沿技术和软件开发方法,具有较强的实践能力和创新精神,具备较强的软件项目的系统分析、设计、开发和测试能力,能够按照工程化的原则和方法从事软件项目开发和管理的应用型人才。
软件工程专业英语-Main Memory Database
Concept Check
• What is a Main Memory database? • Describe the Differences between Main Memory database and disk resident
database. • How many features do MMDBs have?
• In MMDBMSs the situation is different: Since data is guaranteed to stay present in main memory, index structures and all the other parts of the database do not need to consider disk access and can be tuned for low computational cost.
软件我工们程毕专业业啦英语
SOFTWARE E其N实是G答IN辩的E标E题R地I方NG ESSENTIALS
CHPTER 3 MAIN MEMORY DATABASES
3.1 An Overview of Main Memory Databases 3.2 The Evolution of Main Memory Databases 3.3 The Key Technology of Main Memory Database SUMMARY
3.1.3 Features of Main Memory Databases
The main memory database has many excellent features, and some important ones are listed as follows: • High throughput rate and low access delay • Excellent parallel processing power • High hardware dependencies
软件工程课后习题答案2-12章
D3生理信息 定时的生理信号
F2生理信号 P1 接收信号 F2生理信号 定时的 生理信号
F6日志 E3 时钟 F3日前、时间 P4 定时取样 生理信号 F6日志 E1 护士 F1要求报告 P6 产生病情报告 D1患者日志
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P2 分析信号 E2 病人 F2生理信号
危及病人信息 F2生理信号 D2患者安全范围 P7制定安 全范围 P5 更新日志
P3 产生警告信息 F4警告信息 E1 护士
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• P104:4 • 美国某大学有200名教师,校方与教师工会刚刚签订一项协议。 按照协议,所有年工资超过$26000(含$26000 )的教师工 资将保持不变,年工资少于$26000的教师将增加工资,所增 加工资数额按下述方法计算:给每位教师所赡养的人(包括 教师本人)每年补助$100,此外,教师有一年工龄每年再多 补助¥50,但是,增加后的年工资总额不能多于$26000。 • 教师工资档案存储在行政办公室的磁带上,档案中有目前的 年工资、赡养的人数、雇佣日期等信息。需要写一个程序计 算并印出每名教师的原工资和调整后的新工资。 • 要求:(1)画出此系统的数据流图;(2)写出需求说明; • (3)设计上述的工资调整程序(要求用HIPO图描绘设计结果), 设计时分别采用两种算法,并比较两种算法的优缺点: – (a)搜索工资档案数据,找出年工资少于$26000的人, 计算新工资,校核是否超过$26000,存储新工资,印出新 旧工资对照表; – (b)把工资档案数据按工资从最低到最高的次序排序,当 工资数额超过$26000时即停止排序,计算新工资,校核是 否超过限额,存储新工资,印出结果。 • (4)你所画出的数据流图适应用那种算法?
软件工程课后习题参考答案
软件工程课后习题参考答案软件工程课后习题参考答案1.简答题1.1 什么是软件工程?软件工程是一门研究和应用如何以系统化、规范化、可量化的方式开发和维护软件的学科,涉及到软件的设计、构建、测试、部署和维护等全生命周期的过程。
1.2 软件工程的目标是什么?软件工程的目标是提高软件开发过程的效率和质量,确保软件项目按时、按需求交付,并且能够满足用户的期望。
1.3 软件生命周期有哪些阶段?常见的软件生命周期包括需求分析、系统设计、详细设计、编码、测试、部署和维护等阶段。
1.4 什么是软件需求?软件需求是指对于软件系统所需满足的问题或需求的描述,包括功能需求、性能需求、接口需求等。
1.5 软件开发过程有哪些模型?常见的软件开发过程模型包括瀑布模型、迭代模型、螺旋模型、敏捷开发等。
2.客观题2.1 软件测试的目的是什么?a) 发现软件中的错误和缺陷b) 验证软件是否符合需求和规格c) 提高软件的可靠性和质量d) 以上皆是答案:d) 以上皆是2.2 瀑布模型的特点是什么?a) 瀑布模型是一种线性顺序的软件开发过程模型b) 各个开发阶段是相互独立的c) 开发过程按照需求分析、设计、编码、测试等顺序进行d) 以上皆是答案:d) 以上皆是2.3 敏捷开发的原则是什么?a) 个体和交互胜过流程和工具b) 可工作的软件胜过详尽的文档c) 客户合作胜过合同谈判d) 响应变化胜过遵循计划e) 以上皆是答案:e) 以上皆是3.计算题3.1 请计算以下代码的覆盖率:(假设代码行数为100行,已执行代码行数为80行)覆盖率 = 已执行代码行数 / 代码行数 100% = 80 / 100 100% = 80%3.2 请计算以下缺陷密度的值:(假设代码行数为1000行,代码中的缺陷数为10个)缺陷密度 = 缺陷数 / 代码行数 1000 = 10 / 1000 1000 = 103.3 请计算以下代码的复杂度:(假设代码中包含的判断语句有20个,循环语句有5个)复杂度 = 判断语句数 2 + 循环语句数 3 = 20 2 + 5 3 = 40 + 15 = 554.附件本文档涉及附件:无5.法律名词及注释本文涉及的法律名词及注释:无。
(完整)软件工程专业英语
软件工程英语文档:Documents软件工具:Software Tools工具箱:Tool Box集成工具:Integrated Tool软件工程环境:Software Engineering Environment传统:Conventional经典:Classical解空间:Solution Domain问题空间:Problem Domain清晰第一,效率第二Clarity the first,Efficiency the next。
设计先于编码Design before coding使程序的结构适合于问题的结构Make the program fit the problem开发伴随复用,开发为了复用Development with reuse, Development for reuse。
靠度量来管理:Management by Measurement软件度量学:Software Metrics软件经济学:Software Economics软件计划WHY软件分析WHAT软件实现HOW软件生存周期过程的开发标准Standard for Developing Software Life Cycle Process软件开发模型:Software Development Model编码员:Coder瀑布模型:Waterfall Model快速原型模型:Rapid Prototype Model 增量模型:Incremental Model线性思维:Linear Thinking演化模型:Evolutionary Model螺旋模型:Spiral Model对象:Object类:Class继承:Inheritance聚集:Aggregation消息:Message面向对象=对象Object+分类Classification+继承Inheritance+消息通信Communication with Messages 构件集成模型:Component Integration Model转换模型:Transformational Model净室软件工程:Cleanroom Software Engineering净室模型:Cleanroom Model软件需求规格说明书:Software Requirement Specification ,SRS分析模型:Analysis Model便利的应用规约技术:Facilitated Application Specification Techniques ,FAST结构化语言:Structured Language判定树:Decision Tree基数:Cardinality事件轨迹:Event Trace对象-关系Object—Relationsship结构化分析:SA(Structured Analysis)由顶向下,逐步细化Top-Down Stepwise Refinement面向对象分析:Object-Oriented Analysis包含:Contains临近:Is Next To传到:Transmits to来自:Acquires from管理:Manages 控制:Controls组成:Is Composed of细化:Refinement抽象:Abstraction模块:Module策略:Strategy信息隐藏:Information Hiding数据封装:Data Encapsulation抽象数据类型:Abstract Data type模块化设计:Modular Design分解:Decomposition模块性:Modularity单模块软件:Monolithic Software模块独立性:Module Independence内聚:Cohesion偶然性内聚:Coincidental Cohesion逻辑性内聚:Logical Cohesion时间性内聚:Temporal Cohesion过程性内聚: Procedural Cohesion通信性内聚:Communicational Cohesion顺序性内聚:Sequential Cohesion功能性内聚:Functional Cohesion非直接偶合:No Direct Coupling数据偶合:Data Coupling特征偶合:Stamp Coupling控制偶合:Control Coupling外部偶合:External Coupling公共偶合:Common Coupling内容偶合: Content Coupling由底向上设计:Bottom-Up Design自顶向下设计:Top-Down Design正式复审:Formal Review非正式复审:Informal Review走查,排练:Walk-Through会审:Inspection映射:Mapping传入路径:Afferent path传出路径:Efferent path变换中心:Transform Center接受路径:Reception path动作路径:Action path事务中心:Transaction Center分支分解:Factoring of Brandches瓮形:oval-shaped一个模块的控制域:Scope of Control 一个模块的作用域:Scope of Effect 结构化程序设计:Structured Programming通心面程序:Bowl of Spaghetti流程图:Flow Diagram编码:Coding方框图:Block DiagramPDL (Pidgin):Program Design Language伪代码:Pseudo CodeJSD:Jackson System Development对象建模技术:Object Modeling Technique基础设施:Infrastructure控制线程:Thread of Control保护者对象:Guardian Object协议:protocolUML:Unified Modeling Language OMG:Object Management Group统一方法:Unified Method关联:Association泛化:Generalization依赖:Dependency结点:Node接口:Interface包:Package注释: Note特化:Specialization元元模型:Meta—Meta Model用户模型:User Model静态图:Static Diagram动态图:Dynamic Diagram用例视图:Use Case View逻辑视图:Logical View并发视图:Concurrent View构件视图:Component View实现模型视图:Implementation Model View部署视图:Deployment View航向:Navigability重数:Multiplicity共享聚集:Shared Aggregation组合:Composition泛化:Generalization简单消息:Simple Message同步消息:Synchronous Message异步消息:Asynchronous Message事件说明:Event_Signature守卫条件:Guard_Condition动作表达式:Action_Expression 发送子句:Send_Clause时序图:Sequence Diagram协作图:Collaboration Diagram前缀:Predecessor循环子句:Iteration-Clause活动图:Activity Diagram构件图:Component Diagram配置图:Deployment Diagram建模过程指导(RUP):Rational Unified Process可执行代码:Executalbe Codes实现:Implementation编码风格:Coding Style标准:Classical控制流的直线性:Linearity of Control Flow程序风格设计要素:先求正确后求快 Make it right before you make it faster.先求清楚后求快 Make it clear before you make it faster.求快不忘保持程序正确 Keep it right when you make it faster.保持程序简单以求快 Keep it simpleto make it faster。
软件工程(0835)
软件工程(0835)软件工程(0835)软件工程(Software Engineering,简称SE)是一门关于软件开发和维护的学科,旨在提高软件开发过程的效率和质量。
它涉及使用系统化的、可量化的方法来设计、测试和维护软件。
在当今快速发展的信息技术时代,软件工程的重要性不言而喻。
本文将从软件工程的定义、发展历程以及软件工程的主要原则等方面进行探讨。
1. 软件工程的定义软件工程是一种以工程化方式实现(Software Engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software)的软件开发过程,它通过对软件进行规划、设计、实施、测试和维护,并结合经验和工具的应用,以及对用户需求的深入了解,来提高软件开发过程的效率和质量。
2. 软件工程的发展历程软件工程的发展经历了多个阶段。
起初,软件开发只是无序的活动,缺乏规范和管理。
后来,随着软件规模的增加和软件复杂度的提高,人们意识到需要系统化地对软件开发进行管理和控制。
于是,软件工程的概念应运而生。
1968年,第一次国际软件工程研讨会(International Conference on Software Engineering,简称ICSE)召开,标志着软件工程作为一个独立的学科正式确立。
自那以后,软件工程在理论和实践中不断发展,并逐渐形成了一套完整的理论体系。
3. 软件工程的主要原则软件工程遵循一些基本原则,这些原则旨在确保软件的质量和可靠性。
以下是软件工程的几个主要原则:(1)追求简单原则(KISS Principle):应当尽量保持软件设计的简单性,避免使用过于复杂的方法和技术,以便易于理解和维护。
(2)分而治之原则(Divide and Conquer Principle):将软件系统划分为多个独立的模块,分别进行设计和实现,以便提高系统的可维护性和扩展性。
课程大纲-软件工程33854
《软件工程》教学大纲一、课程基本信息1.课程编号:2.课程中文名称:软件工程3.课程英文名称:Software Engineering4.课程性质:必修课5.考核方式:平时成绩+期末考试6.开课专业:软件工程专业7.开课学期:第三学年第1学期8.先修课程:《数据结构与算法》、《程序设计基础与C程序设计》、《面向对象方法与C++程序设计》9.后继课程:《系统分析与设计》、《软件测试与质量保证》等10.学时安排:总学时理论教学实践教学周学时学分课外学时48484312二、任课教师三、教材及主要参考资料教材:《软件工程》.朴勇,周勇.电子工业出版社.2019.参考资料:《软件工程:实践者的研究方法指南》(第8版).(美)普雷斯曼著,郑人杰等译.机械工业出版社.2016.四、课程简介《软件工程》是软件工程专业大类课程之一,主要围绕软件的系统工程化开发过程,介绍相关的理论、方法、技术和工具。
以面向对象的分析和设计为主线,遵循UML2标准,从基本理论为出发点,介绍对软件开发的组织管理以及业务流程分析;重点针对软件开发的生命周期,讨论对业务需求进行分析、面向对象的概要设计、从概要设计到代码框架的生成、面向对象的详细设计、设计优化、面向对象实现、交互设计、测试与质量保证等重要环节;介绍软件开发环境,包括项目计划管理与跟踪以及主流配置管理工具的使用。
五、课程目标(一)课程培养能力体系1级能力指标2级能力指标课程培养能力指标3.设计/开发解决方案:能够设计针对复杂工程问题的解决方案,设计满足特定需求的系统、单元(部件)或工艺流程,并能够在设计环节中体现创新意识,考虑社会、健康、安全、法律、文化以及环境等因素。
①掌握软件生命周期要素,了解软件开发过程管理模型、ISO国际质量标准、CMMI软件评价标准(中级能力)掌握软件开发过程的基本规律和规范,了解ISO及CMMI的原理及适用范围。
5.使用现代工具:能够针对复杂工程问题,开发、选择与使用恰当的技术、资源、现代工程工具和信息技术工具,包括对复杂工程问题的预测与模拟,并能够理解其局限性。
