考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1994 Text 1Paragraph 11、The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 美国的经济体制是在基本上由私营企业组成并以市场为导向的经济基础上建立起来的。
在这个经济体制里，需要生产什么主要是由消费者在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的商品和服务决定的。
1.1 organize英/ˈɔ:gənaɪz/ 美/ɔrɡənˌaɪz/vi. 组织起来；成立组织vt. 组织；使有系统化；给予生机；组织成立工会等1.2 basically英/'beɪsɪk(ə)lɪ/ 美/'besɪkli/adv. 主要地，基本上1.3 oriented英/'ɔːrɪentɪd/ 美/'orɪɛntɪd/v. 调整；使朝向（orient的过去分词）；确定…的方位adj. 导向的；定向的；以…为方向的1.4 determine英/dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ 美/dɪ'tɝmɪn/v. （使）下决心，（使）做出决定vt. 决定，确定；判定，判决；限定vi. 确定；决定；判决，终止；[主用于法律]了结，终止，结束2、Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. 为了获取利润，私有企业主之间互相竞争，来生产这些产品和提供这些服务。
在竞争的压力下运作，追求利润的动机很大程度上决定了生产商品和提供服务的方式。
2.1 competition英/ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ 美/,kɑmpə'tɪʃən/n. 竞争；比赛，竞赛2.2 motive英/'məʊtɪv/ 美/'motɪv/n. 动机，目的；主题adj. 发动的；成为动机的vt. 使产生动机，激起3、Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with （加上，外加；与…相结合）the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. 因此，在美国的经济体制中，消费者个人的需求、商人对获取最大利润的追求以及消费者渴望最大化自己的收入，所有这些共同决定了应该生产什么和如何利用资源去生产这些产品。
3.1 maximize英/'mæksimaiz/ 美/'mæksɪmaɪz/vt. 取…最大值；对…极为重视vi. 尽可能广义地解释；达到最大值Paragraph 21、An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. 在以市场为导向的经济中的一个重要因素是反映消费者需求以及生产者对消费者需求作出反应的机制。
1.1 mechanism英/'mek(ə)nɪz(ə)m/ 美/'mɛkənɪzəm/n. 机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装置；技巧2、In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to(响应；回答；对…有反应) relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. 在美国经济中，这一机制是由价格体制提供，在价格体系中，价格随消费者的相对需求和出售者及生产者的供应情况而上下浮动。
2.13、If the product is in short supply relative to(相对于；涉及) the demand, the price will be bid up(抬价) and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. 如果产品相对供不应求，价格就会抬升，从而使一些消费者从市场上消失。
3.1 eliminated英美/ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtid/v. 被淘汰；消除；排除（eliminate的过去分词）4、If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.另一方面，如果商品的大量生产导致成本的降低，这会促使销售商和生产商供给的增加，从而反过来导致价格下降，致使更多的消费者购买产品。
因此，价格是美国经济体制中的调节机制。
4.1 commodity英/kə'mɒdɪtɪ/ 美/kə'mɑdəti/n. 商品，货物；日用品4.2 regulating英/'regjə,leɪtɪŋ/ 美/'rɛgjə,letɪŋ/vt. 调节；校正（regulate的现在分词）Paragraph 31、The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. 私有企业经济的一个重要因素是允许个人拥有生产资料（私有财产），允许他们雇用劳动力，控制自然资源，以及生产产品、提供服务以获取利润。
1.1 hire英/'haɪə/ 美/'haɪɚ/n. 雇用，租用；租金，工钱vt. 雇用；出租vi. 雇用，租用；受雇1.2 profit英/'prɒfɪt/ 美/'prɑfɪt/n. 利润；利益vt. 有益于vi. 获利；有益gain control over 控制2、In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 在美国经济中，私人财产的概念不仅仅包含对生产资料的所有权，还包含某些其他权利，其中包括确定产品的价格或与另一私营者签订自由合同。
2.1 embrace英/ɪm'breɪs; em-/ 美/ɪm'bres/vt. 拥抱；信奉，皈依；包含vi. 拥抱n. 拥抱2.2 ownership英/'əʊnəʃɪp/ 美/'onɚʃɪp/n. 所有权；物主身份2.3determine英/dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ 美/dɪ'tɝmɪn/v. （使）下决心，（使）做出决定vt. 决定，确定；判定，判决；限定vi. 确定；决定；判决，终止；[主用于法律]了结，终止，结束2.4 contract英/'kɒntrækt/ 美/'kɑntrækt/n. 合同；婚约vt. 感染；订约；使缩短vi. 收缩；感染；订约2.5 individual英/ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒʊəl/ 美/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒʊəl/n. 个人，个体adj. 个人的；个别的；独特的1994 Text 2Paragraph 11、One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. 1.3亿美国人的手中至少持有一家银行发行的信用卡。
1.1 issued英/ˈɪʃu:d/ 美/'ɪʃjʊd/n. 发布日期v. 发布，发行（issue的过去分词形式）adj. 发行的2、They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. 信用卡持有者可在商店、饭店、宾馆，当地、外地甚至国外赊购货物，同时信用卡还可以使他们享受银行提供的许多服务。
1995考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1995 Text 1Paragraph 11、Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. 花在广告上的钱和我所知花在任何别的方面的钱一样是值得的。
2、It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. 它直接有利于商品以合理的价格快速地销售，从而建立稳固的国内市场，并且有可能以有竞争力的价格提供出口商品。
2.1 distribution英/dɪstrɪ'bjuːʃ(ə)n/ 美/'dɪstrə'bjʊʃən/n. 分布；分配2.2 thereby英/ðeə'baɪ/ 美/,ðɛr'baɪ/adv. 从而，因此；在那附近；在那方面3、By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. 通过向公众推出新思想，它极大地促进生活水准的提高。
通过帮助增加商品需求，它确保对劳动力的更大需求，因此成为对抗失业的一项有效措施。
3.1 enormously英/ɪ'nɔːməslɪ/ 美/ɪ'nɔrməsli/adv. 巨大地，庞大地；非常地，在极大程度上3.2 labour英/'leɪbə/ 美/ˈlebɚ/n. 劳动力，人工；分娩vi. 劳动；分娩；费力地前进4、It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more. 它降低了许多服务费用：没有广告，日报的价格将是现在的四倍，电视许可证价格会翻一番，乘汽车或地铁出行也将贵出百分之二十。
2004考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
2004 Text 1Paragraph 11、Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redman stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. 去年年末，甘特〃雷德曼律师在找工作时偶然在网上发现职业资料库“职业建筑师”。
1.1 stumble英/'stʌmb(ə)l/ 美/'stʌmbl/n. 绊倒；蹒跚而行vi. 踌躇，蹒跚；失足；犯错vt. 使…困惑；使…绊倒stumble across=come across=encounter 偶然遇到，偶然发现1.2 database英/'deɪtəbeɪs/ 美/'detəbes/n. 数据库，资料库1.3 hunt for a job=search a job求职，找工作hunt捕猎hunter猎人hint暗示、线索clue线索，情节grip 抓牢，紧握2、He searched it with no success but was attract ed by the site`s “personal search agent”. 他找来找去并没有找到什么工作，但被这个网址上的“个人搜索代理”所吸引。
2.1 attract英/ə'trækt/ 美/ə'trækt/vt. 吸引；引起vi. 吸引；有吸引力2.2 website=site网站/网址Website英/'websait/ 美/'websait/ n. 网站（全球资讯网的主机站）2.3 agency英/'eɪdʒ(ə)nsɪ/ 美/'edʒənsi/n. 代理，中介；代理处，经销处2.4 CIA中央情报局（Central Intelligence Agency）the Xinhua News Agency新华社3、It`s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redman chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C. 它的特点是互动，允许访问者自定求职要求诸如工作地点、职位和薪水，当资料库里出现与个人要求相匹配的工作岗位时它就会通过电子邮件通知求职者。
1993考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1993 Text 1Paragraph 11、Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?语言是否像食物一样，是人类的基本需要呢?没有语言，在生命的关键时刻孩子是否会挨饿呢?孩子的身体是否受损呢?1.1 basic英/'beɪsɪk/ 美/'beɪsɪk/n. 基础；要素adj. 基本的；基础的1.2 starved英/stɑːvd/ 美/stɑ:vd/adj. （等于starving）饥饿的饥饿1.3 starve英/stɑːv/ 美/stɑrv/vi. 饿死；挨饿；渴望vt. 使饿死；使挨饿2、Judging from the drastic experiment of FrederickⅠin the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.从13世纪弗里德里克一世所做的大量实验中得出判断，情况也许就是如此。
为了发现婴儿在听不到母语的情况下会讲什么语言，他要求保育员保持沉默。
2.1 drastic英/'dræstɪk; 'drɑː-/ 美/'dræstɪk/n. 烈性泻药adj. 激烈的；猛烈的(大量的)2.2 tongue英/tʌŋ/ 美/tʌŋ/n. 舌头；语言vt. 舔；斥责；用舌吹vi. 说话；吹管乐器Paragraph 21、All the infant s died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. 所有婴儿在一年之内都死了。
2000考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
2000 Text 1Paragraph 11、A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may becomea driving force. 一段毫不费力就可以获得持久成功的历史可能成为一种可怕的障碍，但若处理得当，它也有可能转化为一种推动力。
1.1 effortless英/'efətlɪs/ 美/'ɛfɚtləs/adj. 容易的；不费力气的1.2 dreadful英/'dredfʊl; -f(ə)l/ 美/'drɛdfəl/adj. 可怕的；糟透的，令人不快的1.3 handicap英/'hændɪkæp/ 美/'hændɪ'kæp/n. 障碍；不利条件，不利因素vt. 妨碍，阻碍；使不利1.4 driving英/'draɪvɪŋ/ 美/'draɪvɪŋ/n. 驾驶；操纵adj. 强劲的；推进的；精力旺盛的2、When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. 二战结束后，美国恰好进入了这样的一段辉煌时期，当时，它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，使其产业经济达到了前所未有的规模。
2.1 glowing英/'ɡləʊɪŋ/ 美/'ɡləuiŋ/adj. 灼热的；热情洋溢的；鲜艳的v. 发光；容光焕发（glow的ing形式）；发热2.2 unparalleled英/ʌn'pærəleld/ 美/ʌn'pærəlɛld/adj. 无比的；无双的；空前未有的3、Its scientists were the world`s best, its workers the most skilled. 它已拥有世界上最优秀的科学家和技术最娴熟的工人。
1987考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1987 Text 1Paragraph 11、For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. 长久以来，垂直飞行一直是人们的梦想。
1.1 vertical英/'vɜːtɪk(ə)l/ 美/'vɝtɪkl/n. 垂直线，垂直面adj. 垂直的，直立的；头顶的，顶点的2、In 400 A.D.Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation cease d. 公元400年，中国儿童所玩的一种扇形玩具可以旋转上升，一旦旋转停止，它便落回地面。
2.1 fan英/fæn/ 美/fæn/n. 迷；风扇；爱好者vt. 煽动；刺激；吹拂vi. 成扇形散开；飘动2.2 spun英/spʌn/ 美/spʌn/adj. 纺成的v. 纺（spin的过去分词）；旋转2.3 rotation英/rə(ʊ)'teɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/ro'teʃən/n. 旋转；循环，轮流2.4 cease英/siːs/ 美/sis/n. 停止vi. 停止；终了vt. 停止；结束3、Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a “Helix,” which could carry man straight up, but was only a design and was never tested.李奥纳多•达芬奇构想出首个名为“螺旋”（Helix）的机械装臵，它可以带人垂直上升，但这只是一种设计而从未进行测试。
3.1 apparatus英/ˌæpəˈreɪtəs/ 美/ˌæpəˈrætəs/n. 装臵，设备；仪器；器官3.2 mechanical英/mɪ'kænɪk(ə)l/ 美/mɪ'kænɪkəl/adj. 机械的；力学的；无意识的；手工操作的3.3 helix英/'hiːlɪks/ 美/'hilɪks/ n. 螺旋，螺旋状物；[解剖] 耳轮Paragraph 21、The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer pilot ed a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. 这一由来已久的梦想终于在1940年得以实现。
1994考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1994 Text 1Paragraph 11、The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 美国的经济体制是在基本上由私营企业组成并以市场为导向的经济基础上建立起来的。
在这个经济体制里，需要生产什么主要是由消费者在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的商品和服务决定的。
1.1 organize英/ˈɔ:gənaɪz/ 美/ɔrɡənˌaɪz/vi. 组织起来；成立组织vt. 组织；使有系统化；给予生机；组织成立工会等1.2 basically英/'beɪsɪk(ə)lɪ/ 美/'besɪkli/adv. 主要地，基本上1.3 oriented英/'ɔːrɪentɪd/ 美/'orɪɛntɪd/v. 调整；使朝向（orient的过去分词）；确定…的方位adj. 导向的；定向的；以…为方向的1.4 determine英/dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ 美/dɪ'tɝmɪn/v. （使）下决心，（使）做出决定vt. 决定，确定；判定，判决；限定vi. 确定；决定；判决，终止；[主用于法律]了结，终止，结束2、Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. 为了获取利润，私有企业主之间互相竞争，来生产这些产品和提供这些服务。
2023英语一阅读理解逐句译文
2023年英语一阅读理解逐句译文第一段：1. 阅读全文 - Read the passage2. 译文 - Translation第二段：1. 文章主题 - Topic of the passage2. 译文 - Translation第三段：1. 文章内容 - Content of the passage2. 译文 - Translation第四段：1. 文章段落解析 - Analysis of the passage2. 译文 - Translation第五段：1. 结论 - Conclusion2. 译文 - Translation第六段：1. 参考资料 - References2. 相关信息 - Related links在2023年的英语一考试中，阅读理解部分一直是备受考生关注的题型之一。
本文将针对2023年英语一阅读理解部分的一篇文章进行逐句译文，帮助考生更好地理解文章内容。
第一段：1. 阅读全文 - Read the passage2. 译文 - TranslationIn the following passage, some of the words, phrases, and expressions are underlined. Please translate the underlined parts into Chinese.在以下文章中，一些单词、短语和表达被划线了。
请将划线部分翻译成中文。
第二段：1. 文章主题 - Topic of the passage2. 译文 - TranslationThe passage is about the benefits of reading for children and how it can positively impact their development.本文主要关于阅读对儿童的好处以及它对他们发展的积极影响。
第三段：1. 文章内容 - Content of the passage2. 译文 - TranslationThe passage discusses how reading can improve children's language skills, cognitive abilities, and empathy. It also emphasizes the importance of cultivating a love for reading from a young age.本文讨论了阅读如何提高儿童的语言能力、认知能力和同理心。
1991考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1991 Text 1Paragraph 11、A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. 一位智者曾说过，邪恶的胜利就是善良之人无所作为。
所以，所为一名警察，我有一些话急需告诉善良的人们。
1.1 triumph英/'traɪʌmf/ 美/ˈtraɪəmf/n. 胜利，凯旋；欢欣vi. 获得胜利，成功1.2 officer英/'ɒfɪsə/ 美/'ɔfɪsɚ/n. 军官，警官；公务员，政府官员；船长vt. 指挥Paragraph 21、Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. 日复一日，我和我的同事尽力控制犯罪的蔓延。
我们曾经引以为荣的美国生活方式出现了可怕的问题。
这个问题出在我们的价值观方面。
一个关键的成分正在消失，我想，我知道它是什么——责任感。
1.1 hold back英/'həuldbæk/ 美/'həuldbæk/隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止1.2 tidal英/'taɪd(ə)l/ 美/'taɪdl/adj. 潮汐的；潮的，有关潮水的；定时涨落的1.3 ingredient英/ɪn'griːdɪənt/ 美/ɪn'ɡridɪənt/n. 原料；要素；组成部分1.4 accountability英/ə,kaʊntə'bɪlɪtɪ/ 美/ə,kaʊntə'bɪləti/n. 有义务；有责任；可说明性Paragraph 31、Accountability isn`t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. 责任感不难定义。
2021考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
20XX考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译20XX Text 1Prgrph 11、Hbits re funny thing. We rech for them mindlessly, setting our brins on uto-pilot nd relxing into the unconscious comfort of fmilir routine. 习惯是一种有趣的现象。
我们无意识地养成了一些习惯，将大脑设臵成自动驾驶仪，会不知不觉地在熟悉的日常事物中感到轻松舒适。
1.1 pilot英/'p?l?t/ 美/'p?l?t/n. 飞行员；领航员dj. 试点的v. 驾驶；领航；试用1.2 routine英/ru?'ti?n/ 美/r?'tin/n. [计] 程序；日常工作；例行公事dj. 日常的；例行的2、"Not choice, but hbit rules the unreflecting herd," Willim Wordsworth sid in the 19th century. In the ever-chnging 21st century, even the word "hbit" crries negtive impliction. "这并非选择，而是习惯会操纵那些没有思想的人"，这是威廉?华兹华斯于19世纪所说的话。
在现在这个千变万化的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。
2.1 unreflecting英/?nr?'flekt??/ 美/,?nri'flekti?/dj. 不反射的；不反省的；浅薄的；无思想的2.2 herd英/h??d/ 美/h?d/n. 兽群，畜群；放牧人vt. 放牧；使成群vi. 成群，聚在一起2.3 ever-chnging dj. 千变万化的；常变的Prgrph 21、So it seems prdoxicl to tlk bout hbits in the sme context s cretivity nd innovtion. 因此，在制造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。
1997考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1997考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译1997 Text 1Paragraph 11、It was 3: 45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken.（凌晨3：45终于进行了投票）1.1 take the vote=take votes投票vote for投票支持……tote against投票反对……vote for independence 投票支持独立rules and regulations 规矩,规章制度2、After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. （经过6个月争论和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论,澳大利亚北部地区（澳北州）成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局.）2.1 self-restraint自我约束territory ['ter?t(?)r?] 领土,领域；范围district区域；地方；行政区2.2 authority权威；权力；当局assumption/assume假设The Greeks assume that 希腊人认为……2.3 be to=be going to=be about to（将）要做某事incurably 难以治愈的terminal 终端的,期末的2.4 patient患者,病人1）the incurably ill patients绝症患者2）the terminally ill patients晚期患者3）the late stage patients 晚期患者stage阶段,舞台on and off stage舞台上下primary stage初期late stage晚期2.5安乐死euthanasia [,ju?θ?'ne?z??]=physician-assisted suicide=doctors take the lives of the incurably ill patients who wish to die2.6 Europe欧洲euro 欧元euro zone欧元区EU(European Union)欧盟2.7 physician医生physical身体的Physical Education 体育assist帮助suicide 自杀2.8 argue 主张,认为,争论,争吵debate辩论2.9 议会congress（美）国会National People's Congress全国人民代表大会parliament ['pɑ?l?m(?)nt]（英/澳大利亚）议会,国会assembly国会,装配,集会,集合assemble聚集3、The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET.（这一法案是以令人信服的15票对10票通过.几乎同时,该消息就出现在互联网上.身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利执行主席约翰·霍夫塞斯在收到该消息后便通过协会的在线服务死亡之网发了公告.）3.1 measure（上下文推断=law=bill法案）take effective measure to do sth.3.2 by the convincing vote of 15 to 103.3 举例子 A convincing illustration occurring to me goes to ＋人名（anacquaintance of mine）,who……我能想到的一个有说服力的例子是……3.4 occur to sb.某人想起be convince that相信,确信3.5Almost immediately几乎顷刻之间word（引申为消息）Word came that the Chinese team won the match.3.6A novel idea flashed through his mind.novel小说,新颖的pick up the wallet=purse钱包3.7 half a world away世界的另一端executive执行的,执行官CEO首席执行官(Chief Executive Officer) exe. 可执行程序的扩展名direction方向,指导in the direction of 朝着……的方向director导演,主任（行政）dean系主任3.8the Right to Die Society死亡权利协会clubs and society社团和协会Red Cross Society红十字会Cross十字架,跨越crossing十字路口right权利（法律上）rights and obligations权利和义务the right to appeal to the higher court向更高法院申诉3.9 via通过,经由fly to Taipei via HK经由香港飞往台北municipal government 市政府4、Says Hofsess: We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history.（他说：我们整天都在发布公告,因为这件事的意义不在于它是在澳大利亚发生的事情,而是因为这是世界历史的一件大事.）4.1 post bulletins发公告post张贴poster海报paste浆糊,膏状物,黏贴toothpaste牙膏China Post中国邮政post office邮局bulletin公告4.2 of courseParagraph 21、The full import may take a while to sink in. （这件事情的全部意义可能需要一段时间）1.1 important=significance=import重要意义It takes two or three years to get a master's degree.攻读硕士学位需要两三年.2、The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. （澳北州晚期病人权利法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都同样地力图从道义和实际意义两方面来对待这一问题）2.1 leave sb. 是某人处于……的境地moral道德implication意义,含义imply暗含,意味2.2 citizens alike民众alike之流的人们physicians and citizens alike医生和市民之类的人们3、Some have breathed sighs of relief；others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.（一些人如释重负,另一些人,包括教会,生命权利组织以及澳大利亚医学会成员都对这一决议及其仓促的通过进行了猛烈的抨击）3.1 breathe sighs [saiz] of relief松了口气breath呼吸（名词）breathe呼吸（动词）sigh叹息sign v.签字,n.迹象,符号A heavy snow is a good sign for a harvest year.瑞雪兆丰年snowstorm暴风雪rainstorm暴风雨relieve 减轻,缓解（动词）relief 减轻,缓解（名词）relieve the burden of pupils 减轻学生的负担relieve the pains and sufferings of the incurably ill patient.3.2to ones relief/anxiety/disappointment,＋句子令某人感到轻松/焦虑/失望的是……3.3 attack抨击,进攻ignorance无知ignore忽略church教会3.4 bill n.法案；广告；账单；[金融] 票据；钞票；清单,vt. 宣布；开账单；用海报宣传3.5 More haste, less speed.=Haste makes waste.欲速则不达proverb谚语,格言3.6 pass通过passage一段（文章）；走廊；通路,通过3.7 association协会CFA（Chinese Football Association）中国足球协会clubs and societies社团和协会4、But the tide is unlikely to turn back. （但这一潮流已无法逆转）4.1 tide潮流,趋势,潮汐follow the tide追随潮流likely=possible 可能的5、In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.（在澳大利亚,人口老龄化,延长寿命技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各自的作用.其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题）5.1 consider doing sth. 认真考虑……6、In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movementis gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.（在美国和加拿大,死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量.观察家们正在等待多米诺骨牌产生的效应）Paragraph 31、Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. （根据澳北州所通过的这项新法案,成年病人可以要求安乐死-可能是通过注射致死药剂或服用致死药片来结束痛苦）1.1 the effect taking process生效过程take effect= come into effect生效side-effect副作用1.2 share分享,共同的. We share one world；We share one dream. 同一个世界,同一个梦想.1.3 chief 主要地,首要的CEO 首席执行官；执行总裁（chief executive officer）1.4 adult成年人youngster年轻人Effective measures should be encouraged to put an end to such an upsetting phenomenon/trend/tide.我们应该积极行动起来,采取有效措施来使这种现象不再发生.1.5 letter of request求助信letter of inquiry咨询信letter of complaint投诉信2、The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. （但此前病人必须由两名医生诊断其确实已病入膏肓,然后再经过7天的冷静思考期,方可签署一份申请证明）2.1 diagnose诊断（动词）diagnosis诊断（名词）dialogue对话2.2 certificate craze考证热3、After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. （48小时后,才可以满足其安乐死的愿望）3.1 meet the wish=meet one's wish（requirement/need/demand）满足某人的愿望4、For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident （who is）suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.（对于居住于达尔文现年54岁的肺癌患者利奥德·尼克森来说,这个法律意味着他可以平静地生活下去而无须整天惧怕即将来临的苦难：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中痛苦地死去）4.1calm平静be characteristic of ……所特有的experience 经历,经验expert 专家,熟练的4.2 intense competition/fear/pain激烈的竞争/极其害怕/剧痛4.3 undergo=experience=go through经历terrible=terrifying 可怕的die from/of 死于……4.4 haunting不易忘怀的,萦绕于心头的；给人以强烈感受的4.5 resident居民5、I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says.（从思想上说,我并不害怕死,但我怕的是怎样死,因为我在医院看到过病人在缺氧时苦苦挣扎,用手抓他们的面罩时的情景）5.1 from a spiritual point of view从精神的角度5.2主语1）从句2）动名词短语3）不定式短语4）It形式主语5）名词/代词5.3 what I am afraid of is……我所害怕的是……fight for为……而抗争oxygen 氧气claw抓mask面具,口罩Hallowmas万圣节treat or trick？款待或恶作剧？5.4 I will treat you我请客5.5 oppose→opposition反对suspect→suspicion怀疑approval赞同,批准,认可在作者态度题中,以下永远不选1）indifference= indifferent=carefree不关心,不在乎,冷漠2）puzzled=confused=perplexed困惑2）biased=prejudiced=subjective有偏见的,主观的1997 Text 2Paragraph 11、A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous['k??tj?s], and helpful most Americans were to them.（去美国访问的人经常带回报告说,大多数美国人对他们友善、好客、乐于助人）1.1 visitors to the US去美国的游客technique技巧,技术；手法1.2 mental illness=mental disorder精神病mentally ill精神病患者function功能1.3 consistent policy一贯的政策consistently=always=frequently常常,一直The scientists have put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that they believe themselves.1.4 convince sb. that 使……相信I am convinced that相信court 法庭,法院,球场courteous有礼貌的；谦恭的1.5 hostile敌对的,不友好的,敌对2、To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. （公正的说,人们对加拿大人也有这样的评论,因而,应当认为这是北美普遍的现象）2.1 to be brief简言之to be frank坦诚的讲2.2 consistently=always=frequently常常,一直2.3 make observation做评论observation=comment=remark=review评论2.4 arts review文艺评论peer review同行评议pair一对,一双,一把3、There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown inthe US. （当然也有例外.在美国,心胸狭隘的官员,举止粗鲁的招待和毫无礼貌的出租车司机也并非罕见）3.1 There are, of course, exceptions.当然也有例外exceptions can be found to any rule.任何规则都有例外.3.2 Small-minded小心眼的rude粗鲁的ill-mannered不礼貌的3.3 hardly=not 否定are hardly unknown并不少见It is well-known that……4、Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.（尽管有不如意的地方,但因为人们常常得出美国人好客的观察意见,因而也就值得议论一番了）4.1 deserve值得,应该得到You deserve it.你应得的.4.2 comment=review=remark评论Paragraph 21、For a long period of time and in many parts of the country,a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. （过去很长一段时间,在美国很多地方,旅行者的到来因暂时打破原本的单调生活而受人欢迎）1.1 otherwise否则/原来,本来otherwise+句子（翻译为否则）otherwise跟名词短语（翻译为原本、本来）1.2 dull无聊的existence存在,生活dull/busy existence 无聊的/忙碌的生活2、Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. （无聊、孤独是居住相对遥远的家庭的普遍问题）2.1common共同的Xi Jinping exchanged opinions with visiting Russian President Putin on issues of common interest.习近平与来访的俄罗斯总统普京在共同关心的问题上交换意见.2.2 distant 遥远的distance距离generally通常；普遍地,一般地3、Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.（陌生人和旅行者很受欢迎,他们带来了娱乐消遣,还带来了外面世界的消息）3.1 diversion娱乐diverse多样性的Paragraph 31、The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. （边境地区的严酷生活现实也促成了这一好客的传统）1.1 shape 塑造fat脂肪/胖的frontier边界.国境,边界的1.2 harsh realities严酷的现实harsh remarks严厉的评论harsh remarks against 对……严厉的评论1.3 machine 机器mechanistic机械论的,机械学2、Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. （一个独自旅行的人,如果挨饿、受伤或生病,通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助.）2.1 have nowhere to turn to无处求助settle down定居settlement住所settler定居者bay海湾,狗吠声3、It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. （对旅行者来说,这不是一个选择的问题；而对当地居民来说,这也并非是行善的一时冲动）3.1 merely仅仅charitable impulse慈善的冲动health impulse=Positive Energy正能量3.2 in my opinion（口语化）=on my part=on the part of me=for me我认为4、It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.（它反映了日常生活的严酷：如果你不收留他,那他便无处求助了.请记住,有一天你也可能处于相同的境遇）Paragraph 41、Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. （如今,有了很多的慈善组织专门帮助疲惫的旅行者）1.1 weary =exhausted=tired筋疲力尽的1.2 charitable organizations慈善组织2、Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. （不过,热情接待陌生人的传统在美国仍然很盛行,尤其是在远离旅游热线的小城镇）2.1 tourist=traveler=sightseer游客sightseeing观光、旅游2.2 tourist trails 旅游线路tourist stream客流3、I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing. (我只是路过,和这个美国人聊了聊,很快,他就请我到他家吃饭-这真令人惊奇)3.1 travel through路过walk through穿越pretty soon相当快take off起飞see sb. off送行set off 出发4、Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. （来美国的旅客谈论此类事件很普遍,但并非总能得到正确理解）4.1 proper正确的,有效的,适当的5、The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.（很多美国人不经意表现的友好不应被认为是表面或虚假的应酬,而应该看成是文化传统的历史发展结果）5.1 casual 随意的the casual friendliness of many American许多美国人随意表现出的友善5.2 artificial 假的,人造的Paragraph 51、As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies allsocial interrelationships. （同任何发达国家一样,一系列复杂的文化特征,信念和习俗构成了美国所有社会交往的基础）1.1 signal 信号assumption假设convention惯例,会议2、And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. （当然,会讲一种语言并不意味着就理解该语言的社会和文化模式.）3、Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. （不能正确诠释文化含义的旅行者往往得出错误的结论）3.1 interpret =translate翻译、解释4、For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may bequite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. （例如,美国人所说的朋友一词,其文化含义可能与旅行者语言和文化中的朋友大相径庭）4.1 cultural meanings=cultural implications文化含义5、It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. （要想正确区分礼貌是出于文化习俗还是个人兴趣,单凭一次公共汽车上的偶遇是不够的）5.1 encounter =come across偶遇、相逢6、Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.（不过,友好是很多美国人推崇的美德,同时希望邻居和陌生人也能如此）1997 Text 3Paragraph 11、Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. (从专业角度说,除食品外,任何能改变我们生理和心理机能的物质都是药物)1.1 technically从专业的角度来说/从专业技术的角度来说substance物质substantial大量的1.2drug药物drug store药店alter=change改变body身体bodily=physical身体的physician 医生mental心理的How to be mentally healthy 如何做到心理健康. Physically healthy身体健康mentally ill 心理疾病1.3 function功能alter改变shift改变2、Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. （很多人错误地认为药物这个词仅仅指某些药品或是吸毒者服用的违禁化学品）2.1 the term 这一术语sort =kind=type种类,类型chemistry化学chemical化学的2.2addict=drug addict吸毒的人,瘾君子It takes two or three generations to contract a new educational system.3、They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. （他们没有意识到诸如酒精、烟草这些我们熟悉的物质也是药物）3.1 take in excess过度服用smart phones=mobile phones=cell phones手机3.2 family家庭familiar 熟悉的,常见的,常客neutral中性的,中立的3.3 alcohol酒精tobacco烟草4、This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. （这也是现在许多内科医生和心理学家使用物质这个更加中性的词的原因）4.1 neutral['nju?tr(?)l]中性的,中立的5、The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.（他们常用物质滥用而不用药物滥用来清楚表明滥用酒精、烟草这样的物质如同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害）5.1 phrase短语word 单词idiom成语expression表达5.2 abuse 滥用,虐待abuse of power滥用权力abuse captives['k?ptiv]俘虏；专属公司（captive 的复数）5.3 minister牧师,部长,大臣father父亲,神父harmful=poisonous['p??z?n?s]（有毒的,有害的）Paragraph 21、We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. （我们生活在一个物质（药物）在医疗和社交方面的使用都很广泛的社会里：用来缓解头痛的阿斯匹林,用来应酬的酒,早晨用来提神的咖啡,还有定神用的香烟）1.1 substance物质medicine药物clinical临床的pervasive=prevalent=widespread普遍的,广泛的1.2 The given phenomenon is so pervasive that a great deal of attention should be paid to it.1.3 quiet安静的、使安静下来alcohol白酒beer啤酒wine葡萄酒nerve神经nervous紧张的1.4 cell phone=mobile phone=smart phone手机take some medicine and you will feel better.1.5 have breakfast/lunch/dinner吃饭take medicine吃药2、When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? （使用这些物质得到了社会认可,且显然具有积极的作用,但什么时候就变成滥用了呢）2.1 apparently=clearly=obviously=evidently=conspicuously 明显地,清楚地construct建设、建造、打造3、First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. （首先,大多数物质的过量使用都会产生负面影响,如中毒或严重的感知错乱）3.1 aspirin阿司匹林sleeping pills安眠药4、Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence.（反复使用一种物质可以导致成瘾或对该物质的依赖）4.15、Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.（依赖的最初表现是不断增长的耐药量,要产生预期的效果需要的药剂量越来越大,而一旦中断使用就会出现难受的停药症状）5.1Paragraph 31、Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.（影响中枢神经系统、改变感知觉和行为的药物（物质）属于对神经起显著作用的物质）1.1 affect=influence=impact影响（动词）effect=influence=impact影响（名词）1.2 central nervous system中枢神经系统perceive[p?'si?v]察觉,感觉；理解；认知perception 感觉,知觉,看法,洞察力alter=change 改变1.3 alter perception, mood, and behavior [b??he?vj?]改变认知、情绪和行为1.4 commonly=generally通常,总的来说2、Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens.（它们通常分为兴奋剂、镇静剂和幻觉剂）2.1 stimulate ['st?mj?le?t]刺激supply and demand需求stimulant兴奋剂depress使压抑depressant镇静剂hallucinogen致幻剂,迷幻剂illusion幻觉2.2 GDP国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product）2.3 other than 而不是3、Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. （兴奋剂主要起到加速或激活中枢神经系统的作用,而镇静剂则相反：减缓它的活动）3.1 activate刺激,激活,有活力host主办,主人host country主办国,东道主host city 东道主,主办城市3.2 initial 初步的,最初的His gift in the piano was initially manifested in the fact that3.3manifest=revealed=show=demonstrate=indicate=suggest显示,显现,表明4、Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. （幻觉剂主要影响人的感知,通过多种方式对感知加以扭曲或改变,其中包括产生幻觉）4.1 distort and alter扭曲和改变5、These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.（这些物质常被认为能引起幻觉（psychedelic一词源于希腊语,意为心灵显现）,因为它们似乎能改变人的意识状态）1997 Text 4Paragraph 11、No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. （没有一家公司乐意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏）1.1 moral decline道德衰退on the decline在衰退/走下坡路decline the invitation 婉拒邀请2、Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? （参议员罗伯特?多尔上星期质问时代华纳公司高级人员时说：难道这就是你们要成就的事业吗？你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂,难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家,威胁我们的孩子不成？）2.1 senator参议院senior高级的,辈分高的junior初级的,辈分低的2.2 executive执行官,执行的sell卖（sold,sold）soul 灵魂serve the people with heart and soul全心全意为人民服务2.3 corrupt腐蚀,腐败的threaten=endanger威胁threat威胁danger危险2.4 what I intend to accomplish（with my career）is that……我职业生涯想要完成的是……3、At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It`s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.（不过,对于成立于1990年的时代华纳公司而言,这样的质问仅仅只是公司自我反思的最新表白,是在不同时期涉及责任、创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反省）3.1 manifestation显示、表明manifest清楚的、明显的,v.显示、表明latest最近的examine检查examination考试assist帮助assistance帮助assistant助手smog 烟雾haze 阴霾fog and haze 雾霾3.2 core核心、核心的debate争论,争议、争吵a hotly debated topic一个热议的话题Paragraph 21、At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.（于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫·罗斯的56岁的现任董事长杰拉德·莱文是争论的焦点人物）1.1 take over接替,接管hand over交出turn over移交the late Chinese leader已故的中国领导人2、On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company`s mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. （财政方面,他承受着抬高股价,减少公司巨额债务的压力,在两笔新的有线电视交易谈妥后,债务将达到173亿美元）2.1 frontier ['fr?nt??; fr?n't??]边界、国界,边界的、开拓的2.2 deal交易exchange交易,交换,交流cable电缆CNN美国有线电视新闻网络（Cable News Network）2.3 VOA美国之音(Voice Of America) BBC英国广播公司（British Broadcasting Corporation）3、He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.（他也答应出售部分财产并重组公司,但现在投资者们仍在焦急地等待着）3.1 property财产intellectual property知识产权；著作权private property私有财产；私有制3.2 restructure调整；重建structure结构patient有耐心的,患者the incurable ill patients绝症患者Paragraph 31、The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company`s rap music on the grounds of expression. （人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没使他的日子变得好过.莱文一向以它是一种富于表现力的演唱方式为理由来捍卫公司的说唱音乐）1.1 ×××is not making life any easier for him某事并没有使他的日子变得好过.1.2 rap 说唱rapid迅猛的make rapid progress取得迅速的进步rock and roll摇滚乐hip-hop街舞hip臀部hop跳job-hopping跳槽job-hippers跳槽者heap一堆,堆积hip臀部1.3defend=justify捍卫,保卫、辩护monitor班长,显示器critic 批评者criticism 评论,批评arts criticism=arts review艺术评论accuse/charge起诉attack抨击1.4 consistent policy一贯政策on the grounds of基于……的理由on the grounds that＋句子以……为根据2、In 1992,when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T`s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. （1992年公司因出品Ice-T乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》后备受谴责时,莱文说这是街头文化的合法表达方式,它应该有自己的宣泄途径）2.1legal=lawful=legitimate expression合法的表达deserve应该得到,值得You deserve it.你应该得到.2.2street culture街头文化outlet出口,发泄口,批发商店release [r?'li?s]发行release a song/movie发行音乐/电影2.3 bitterly attack 猛烈抨击under fire受到严厉批评；遭到攻击violent rap song 宣扬暴力的说唱歌曲2.4 violence暴力,暴乱violate ['va??le?t]违反,违犯violate the law违反法律2.5 cop=police警察copper n. 铜；铜币；警察adj. 铜制的3、The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, lies notin how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. （他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道：任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达,而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由,尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒）3.1 column专栏Wall Street Journal华尔街日报test测试,考试,检测democracy 民主democratic民主的science3.2 the Democratic Progressive Party民进党the liberal democratic party 自民党the Communist Party共产党3.3lie in 在于……longitude ['l?n(d)??tju?d; 'l??g?-]经度latitude 纬度,幅度give freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude给思想和表达自由尽可能广泛的空间3.4 however后跟有逗号,表示转折（然而,但是）. 没有逗号（无论多么,尽管）small-minded心胸狭窄的3.5 However powerful China become,it will never threaten other nation.无论中国多么强大,它永远不会威胁其他国家. threaten our nation威胁我们的国家corrupt our nation腐蚀我们的国家3.6 irritate ['?r?te?t]令人恼火的think tank智囊团disputable有讨论余地的；真假可疑的,有争议的4、We won`t retreat in the face of any threats.（我们不会在任何威胁面前退却）4.1retreat= withdraw撤退,后退threat威胁predominance [pr?'d?m?n?ns]优势,卓越achieve predominance达到辉煌the retreat from predominance从辉煌退下shrink收缩,畏缩Paragraph 41、Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month`s stockholders`meeting. （莱文不愿对上周的辩论做出评论,但有迹象表明这位董事长的强硬立场起码在一定程度上有所缓和.在上个月的股东会议上,大家就摇滚乐的歌词进行了讨论）1.1signs of recovery 复苏的迹象signs of the slowdown/slack经济放缓的迹象back off=retreat后退,撤退1.2 to some extend在某种程度上hard line stand强硬立场stockholder=shareholder股东stock=share股票1.3 stock market swings股市波动stock exchange股票交易2、Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society`s ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. （莱文宣称音乐不是社会问题的病因,他甚至还以自己为例.他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师,用说唱乐的表达方式与学生进行交流）2.1 assert维护,坚持；断言；主张；声称humanity人类；人道；仁慈；2.2 cure=treatment=therapy=remedy治愈,补救cite[sa?t]引用；传讯；想起；表彰3、But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. （但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要保持平衡的问题.他还宣布公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准）3.1 balance struggle between平衡……之间的斗争strive努力struggle斗争,奋斗3.2 initiate= launch发起,开始,发射launch a nationwide campaign to curb internet addiction发起全国范围的运动来控制网络成瘾launch a drive to发起一场运动,3.3 distribute分配；散布；分开；把…分类label标签distribution and labeling 发行和标识3.4 object to=oppose to反对objectionable讨厌的；会引起反对的；有异议的3.5 potential 潜在的potential customers潜在的客户potentialobjectionable music潜在的令人讨厌的音乐Paragraph 51、The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. （总的来说,时代华纳公司的15位董事是支持莱文和公司的经营策略的.）1.1 corporate strategy公司策略corporation 公司member会员,成员marketing strategy市场营销战略1.2 clubs and societies社团和协会member country会员国1.3 be supportive of=support支持in favor of=favor 支持object to=oppose to 反对2、But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited, says Luce. I think it is perhaps the case that some people （who are）associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.（但内部人士透露其中几位对此事表示担忧.我们中的一些人多年来就知道宪法第一修正案所说的自由并非毫无限制,鲁斯说,我想与公司有关系的一些人可能是最近才意识到这一点.）2.1 the First Amendment宪法第一修正案the Constitution宪法perhaps可能2.2 be associated with=be related to与…有关come to realize 认识到1997 Text 5Paragraph 11、Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes, makes itself sound like a precise science. （很多用来描述货币政策的词,如引导经济软着陆,触动经济刹车,听起来像是一门精确的科学.）1.1 Much of the language=much language许多语言many of。