计算机英语 目录翻译
计算机专业英语教程(第5版)翻译完整版
计算机专业英语教程（第5版）翻译完整版1.1 A Closer Look at the Processor and PrimaryStorage仔细看看处理器和主存储器We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions, although some might be faster than others. We have also learned that a computer system has input, output, storage, and processing components; that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the computer system — the processor.我们已经知道，所有的计算机都具有相似的能力，并且在本质上执行相同的功能，尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。
我们也知道，一个计算机系统具有输入，输出，存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心，并且一个计算机系统可以有许多个处理器。
我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据，现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心，即处理器，的内在的工作方式。
计算机专业 英语第三单元翻译
第三章：Basic Application Softwareanalytical graph 分析图AutoContent wizard 自动制作内容向导basic application 基本应用bulleted list 项目符号列表business suite 商业组合button 按键cell 单元格character effect 角色效应chart 图表column 列computer trainer 计算机教师contextual tab 上下文件标签database 数据库database management system(DBMS) 数据库管理系统database manager 数据库管理器design template 设计模板dialog box 对话框editing 编辑field 字段find and replace 查找与替换font 字形font size 字体大小/尺码form 表单format 编排；格式化formula 公式function 函数galleries 图文集grammar checker 语法检查器home software 家庭软件home suite 家庭组合icons （计算机屏幕上表示命令、程序的)符号, 图像，图标integrated package 集成组件，完整的软件包label 标签master slide 母片menu 菜单menu bar 菜单栏numbered list 编号列表numeric entry 数字输入personal software 个人软件personal suite 个人软件组pointer 指针presentation graphics 演示图片；电子文稿程序productivity suite 生产组合query 查询range 范围recalculation 重算record 记录relational database 关系数据库report 报告ribbons 带状区row 行sheet 单层表单slide 幻灯片software suite 软件组sort 排序；分类specialized application 专业应用specialized suite 专业组件speech recognition 语音识别spelling checker 拼写检查器spreadsheet 电子制表软件table 表格text entry 文字输入thesaurus 同义词词典toolbar 工具栏utility suite 实用程序组what-if analysis 假定分析window 窗口word processor 文字处理器word wrap 自动换行workbook file 工作簿文件worksheet 工作表As we discussed in Chapter 1, t正如我们在第一章讨论的，有两种软件。
计算机与网络用语中英翻译（一）_计算机英语词汇
a and i 摘要和目录a and notb gate a及反b闸a drive a 磁盘驱动器a impliesb gate, negative a及非b闸；负a隐含b闸；负a蕴含b闸a implies,b gate b或非a闸a programming language, apl apl 语言a- conversion a-变换a-bus 主总线a-conversion a-变换a-light a缓存器控制灯a-type addrress constant a型地址常数a/d (analog-to-digital) 模拟对数字转换a/d converter 模拟至数字转换器a/d converter controller 模拟数字转换控制器a/d converter, counter type 计数式模拟数字转换器a/d converter, successive approximation 连续近似模拟数字转换器a/d converter, video 视讯模拟数字转换器a/d interface 模拟-数字接口a/dconverter, charge balancing 电荷平衡模拟数字转换器a/v ready 影音专用硬盘机aadjacent-channel selectivity 邻近道选择性aba 美国银行业协会aba number 美国银行协会数码abacus 算盘abandon 舍弃abbreviated address calling 缩写地址呼号abend dump 异常终止倾印abend exit 异常终止出口abend recovery program 异常终止恢复程序abend, unrecoverable 不可恢复异常终止aberration 像差abilene abileneabkhazian 亚布卡萨文abnormal 不正常abnormal end of task (abend) 异常终止abnormal end of task dump (abend dump) 异常终止倾印abnormal end of task exit (abend exit) 异常终止出口abnormal execution 异常性执行abnormal termination 异常终止abored cycle 中止周期abort 放弃abort function 中止函式abort timer 中断定时器aborted cycle 中止周期about 关于about box 「关于」对话框above 890 decision 高超890决议abrasiveness 研磨性absa, business software alliance 商业软件联盟absolute address 绝对地址absolute addressing 绝对寻址absolute assembler 绝对组合器absolute cell reference 绝对区段参考absolute code 绝对码absolute coding 绝对编码absolute command 绝对指令absolute coordinate 绝对坐标absolute data 绝对数据absolute error 绝对误差absolute expression 绝对表示法absolute instruction 绝对指令absolute loader (absldr) 绝对载入器absolute maximum rating 绝对最大定额absolute order 绝对命令absolute path 绝对路径absolute position 绝对地址absolute positioning 绝对位置absolute reference 绝对参考absolute term 绝对项absolute time 绝对时间absolute value 绝对值absolute value device 绝对值装置absolute value sign 绝对值符号absolute vector 绝对向量absolute-value device 绝对值装置absolute-valuesign 对值符号absorption 吸收absorption current 吸收电流abstract 摘录abstract base class 抽象基底类别abstract class 抽象类别abstract data type 抽象数据类型abstract declarator 抽象宣告子abstract file 摘要档案abstract symbol 摘录符号abstract syntax 抽象语法abstract syntax of sgml sgml的抽象语法abstracting service 摘录服务abstracting, automatic 自动化摘录abstraction 抽象性ac adapter 交流电转接器ac dump 交流电源切断ac erasing 交流抹除ac input module, controller 控制器交流输入模板ac output module, controller 控制器输出模块ac power cord 交流电电源线ac tesi 交流测试ac test 交流测试ac/dc ringing 交流/直流振铃acc area communication controller 区域网管中心accelerated graphic port(agp) 绘图加速连接端口accelerated graphics port (agp) 图形加速端口acceleration period 加速期acceleration time 加速时间accelerator board 加速板accelerator editor 加速键编辑器accelerator key 加速键accelerator mapping 加速键对映accelerator resource 加速键资源accelerator table 加速键对应表accent 重音；声调accent sensitive 区分腔调字accept 接受acceptance test 验收测试access 存取access arm 存取臂access arrangement 存取装置access authority 存取法则access button 存取键access charge 存取费用access code 存取密码access coding, minimal 存取编码access control 存取控制access control field 接达控制字段access date 存取日期access environment 存取设备access function 存取函式access hole 存取孔access key 便捷键access line 存取线access mask 存取屏蔽access mechanism 存取机制access method 存取方法access method routines 存取方法例程access mode 存取模式access path 接达路径access permission 存取许可access permition 存取许可access privileges 存取权限access rate 接取速率access right 存取权限access scan 存取扫瞄；存取搜索access server 存取服务器access site 存取位置access specifier 存取规范access speed 接取速度access time 存取时间access time, address 地址存取时间access time, memory 记忆存取时间access time, ram 随机存取内存存取时间access time, tape 磁带存取时间access will be granted 授与存取access, content-addressable memory 可寻址内容记忆存取access, direct 直接存取access, immediate 实时存取access, instantaneous 立即存取access, multiple 复存取access, parallel 并行存取access, random 随机存取access, remote batch 远距群组存取access, serial 串行存取access, zerc 零存取access-address, second-level address 存取地址；间接地址access-control entry 存取控件 (ace)accessarm 存取臂accessiblity domain 存取范围定义域accessor function 存取子函式accessor type 存取子类别accessories 附件accessory 附件according file 根据档案accordion 手风琴accordion coil 指状线圈account 账号account policy 账号政策account type 账号类型accounting 账号accounting check 账号检查accounting machine 会计机accounting(cama) 集中式自动化通话记帐制accounting-operator number identification(cama-oni)operator 集中式自动化通accumulate(acc) 累积accumulating reproducer 累积复制器accumulator 累加器accumulator (acc) 累积器accumulator (acc) (accum) 累积器 1.一种设计，其可决定一算数accumulator jump instruction 累积器跳越指令accumulator shift instruction 累积器位移指令accumulator, running 流动累积器accuracy 精确度accuracy control character 准确度控制字符accuracy control system 准确度控制系统accurately 准确地acd 自动呼叫分配器acdump 交流撤除acetate base 醋酸纤膜衬底achieved reliability 达成可靠度acia (asynchronous communications interface adapter) 异步通讯接口转接器acia interface signals 异步通讯界面配接器界面信号acia microcomputer control 异步通信接口配接器微算机控制ack n/aack/nak transmission 认可字符/不认可字符传输acknowledge 确认acknowledge character (ack) 认可字符acknowledgment(ack) 确认acl (audit command language) 审核指令语言acm 计算器组织协会acm (association for computing machinery) 计算器器协会acm committee on nomenlature 计算器器术语委员会acoustic coupler 声音耦合器acoustic coupler operation 声音耦合作业acoustic coupler, auto-answer modem 自答型调变解调声音耦合器acoustic coupling 声耦合acoustic delay line 音声延迟线acoustic fingerprinting 声纹辨识技术acoustic level 噪音位准acoustic memory 音响记忆器acoustic modem 音声调变解调器acoustic storage 音响储存体acpi 高等组态与能源界面acquire 取得acquire printer ports 取得打印机连接端口acquisition 收购acronym 首字缩action 作用action cycle 作用周期action line 作用线action message 作用讯息action period 作用周期action provider component 动作提供者组件action query 动作型查询action specification 作用说明action spot 作用点action table 动作表action/adventure 动作/冒险片activate (a block) 启动activate button 触动钮activate object 活化物件activate request 活化要求activate task list 活化工作清单activate this window 活化这个窗口activates 活化activates embedded or linked object 活化内嵌或连结的对象activation 启动activation key 活化金钥activator 活化子active 作用中active area 作用区域active break point 作用断点active card 主动式卡active cell 作用储存格active component 主动组件active content 主动式内容active context handle 主动式内容控制代码active desktop componnet 动态桌面组件active display 主动显示active document 作用中文件active document applications 主动式文件应用程序active document server 主动式文件伺服程序active document support 主动式文件支持active document type 现用的文件型别active document type declaration 现用的文件型别宣告active element 有效组件active file 执行中档案active html documents 主动式 html 文件active hub 主动集线器active line 现役传送线active link 现役无线电传送线路active link type 现用的链接型别active link type declaration 现用的链接型别宣告active master file 现役主档案active master item 现役主项目active matrix display 主动矩阵显示active navigation 主动式导览active program 现役程序active satellite 主动卫星active screen buffer 作用中屏幕缓冲区active server page (asp) 动态伺服页active state 作用状态active station 主动讯号台active terminator 主动式终端器active title bar 作用中窗口的标题列active title bar text 作用中窗口的标题列文字active transducer 主动转换器active window 作用中窗口active window caption color 作用中窗口的标题色彩activex activex技术activity 活性，活动率activity level 活动等级activity loading 活动馈入法activity network 活动网络activity ratio 活动性，活动比率activitylevel 活动位准activityloading 活动馈入法actual address 实际地址actual argument 实质自变量actual data transfer rate 实际数据转移率actual decimal point 实际十进制点actual key 实位键actual parameter list 实质参数清单actual time 实时actual transfer rate 实际传送率actual working time (awt) 实际工作时间actuating signal 动作信号acute 锐角acyclic feeding 非周期性馈送acyclic graph 非循环图ad banner 广告横幅ad impression 广告曝光ad request 广告索阅ad view 广告点选人数ada ada语言ada language structure ada语言结构adapso 美国加拿大数据运作服务协会adaptation layer, aal atm 调节层adapter 适配器adapter (interface card) 适配卡adapter plug 配接器插头adapter, channel 通道配接器adapter, gpib interface 一般用途界面总线配接器adapting, sell 自适态adaptive caching 自适式高速缓存adaptive channel allocation 自适通路分配adaptive control action 自适控制作用adaptive differential pulse code modulation, adpcm 可调式差动博码调变、可适性差分脉冲码调adaptive dithering 拟色adaptive palette 最适化色盘adaptive transversal equalizer 自适截面均衡器adbot software (adware) adwareadc 模拟至数字转换器adc interfacing, systems 系统模拟数字转换接口adc, flash or parallel type 闪电或并行式模拟数字转换器adc, integrating 积体模拟数字转换器adc/mps support hardware 连接adc (模拟数字转换器) 和mps (微处理器系adccp 高等数据通讯控制程序adcon (address constant) 地址常数add 加入add as 加入为add cut line 加入裁切行add device driver 加入驱动程序add existing item 加入现有项目add existing project 加入现有项目add file 附加档案add folder 加入数据夹add item 加入项目add mode 加格式add new 加入新的add new hardware 加入新的硬件add new item 加入新项目add new project 加入新的项目add new solution item 加入新的方案项目add on card 加置卡add operation 加法运算add personal mailbox 新增个人信箱add time 加运算耗时add to 加入到add to output 加入到输出add to solution 加入到解决方案add to storage 加入储存add, boolean 布尔加add, logical 逻辑加add, special 特级加add-in 增益功能add-in memory 添加内存add-ins 加载宏add-on 增添辅助物add-on card 附加卡add-on memories, lsi 大规模集成电路附加记忆add-on program 附加程序add-subtract time 加-减耗时add/remove 新增/移除add/remove program 新增/移除程序added entry 附加入口addend 加数adder 加法器adder (a)(addr) 加法器adder subtracter 加减器adder, analog 模拟加法器adder-accumulator 加法累积器addition 加法addition item 附加项addition operator 加法运算子addition record 增添纪录addition table 加法表addition time, microprocessor 微处理机加算时间addition, destructive 破坏性加法addition, nondestructive 非破坏性加法addition, serial 串行加法addition, zeroaccess 零出入加法additional 额外additional character 附加字符additional header data 额外的标头数据additional materials 额外材料additive attributes 增添属性additive color 投影色彩additive operator 加法类运算子additive process 添加处理address 地址address access time 地址存取时间address alignment 地址列线address book 通讯簿address bus 地址总线address code 地址代码address comparator 地址比较器address computation 地址计算address conflict 地址冲突address constant 地址常数address conversion 地址转换address effective 有效地址address error exception 地址错误例外address field 地址栏address field, dish 磁盘地址栏address format 地址格式address instruction, functional 函数指令地址；功能地址指令address instruction, immediate 实时指令地址address mapping 地址变换address mark 地址符号address marks, disk 磁盘地址符号address mode 地址模式address modes, microprocessor 微处理机地址模式address modification (adm) 地址修改address operand 操作数地址address part 地址部address path, microprocessor 微处理机地址路径address register 地址缓存器address restriction 地址限制address size 地址大小address source, instruction 指令地址源address space 地址空间address space identifier (asid) 地址空间识别符号address stop 地址停止符address storage, display lights 展示讯号地址储存器address system, one-over-one 一超一地址制address trace 地址轨address track 地址磁道address translation 地址转译address translator (at) 地址转译器address, absolute 绝对地址address, actual 实际地址address, arithmetic 算术地址address, base 基地址address, calculated 计算地址address, checking file program 检查档案程序地址address, direct 直接地址address, direct reference 直接参考地址address, dummy 虚假地址address, effective virtual 有效虚地址address, floating 浮动地址address, four 四址address, immediate 实时地址address, indexed 指针地址address, indirect 间接地址address, indirect reference 间接参考地址address, instruction 指令地址address, machine 机械地址address, memory 内存地址address, memory and i/o 内存和输出入地址address, microprocessor 微处理机地址address, multiple 多级地址address, nth-level n级地址address, one plus one 一加一地址address, operand effective 操作数有效地址address, p p地址address, page 页面地址address, presumptive 假定地址address, program counter 程序计算器地址address, q q地址address, reference 参考地址address, regional 区域地址address, register field 缓存器栏地址address, relative 相对地址address, result 结果地址address, second-level 第二级地址address, single 单址address, single-level 单级地址address, specific 特定地址address, symbolic 符号地址address, third-level 第三级地址address, three 三地址address, two 二址address, variable 可变地址address, zero-level 零级地址address-of operator 取址运算子addressability 地址度addressability measure 地址度量度addressable atorage 程控的可定地址储存计算器addressable horizontal position 水平可寻址位置addressable point 可寻址点addressable storage 键盘控制的可定地址储存计算器addressable vertical positions 垂直可寻址位置addressable-pollable terminal 录册地址性终端机addressed location, specific 特定寻址位置addressed memory 寻址记忆器addressee 受讯者addresses of address 地址之寻址addressing 寻址addressing (addr) 寻址addressing capabilities 寻址能力addressing capacity 寻址容量addressing capacity, microprocessor 微处理机寻址容量addressing characters 寻址字符addressing level 寻址等级addressing mode 寻址模式addressing modes 寻址模态addressing modes, instruction 指令寻址模态addressing modes, microprocessor 微处理机定型模态addressing modes, relocatable code 可重寻址码寻址模态addressing types 寻址型式addressing (addr) 寻址addressing, bit set/clear mode 单位元寻址；清除模态寻址addressing, common data bus 共数据总线寻址addressing, deferred 暂位寻址addressing, direct 直接寻址法addressing, disk file 磁盘档案寻址addressing, extended 扩展寻址addressing, file pockets 档案袋寻址addressing, fixed-position 固定位置寻址addressing, hash 初步寻址法addressing, immediate 实时寻址法addressing, indexed 指标寻址addressing, indirect 间接寻址法addressing, inherent 固有寻址；本质寻址addressing, relative 相对寻址addressing, repetitive 重复寻址addressing, self-relative 自我相对寻址addressing, specific 特定寻址addressing, symbolic 符号寻址addressing, three-level 三阶寻址addressing, two-level 二阶寻址addressing, types 寻址型式addressless instruction format 无地址指令格式addresstransiator (at) 地址转译器adi 美国文件协会adis 自动数据交换系统adjacency 字距adjacent 相邻adjacent channel 近信道adjacent domains 邻近区域adjacent link storage image 邻近连接储存映象adjacent nodes 邻近节点adjacent subareas 邻近次区域adjacent-channel interference 邻近通道干扰adjacent-channel selectivity 邻近通道选择性adjust (line end) 调准(行尾)adjust column 调整字段adjust text mode 调准文字模态adjustable extent 可调范围adjustment, character 字符调整administration 管理administration console 管理主控台administrative data processing 行政数据处理administrative operations 行政管理作业administrative support system 行政支持系统administrative system 行政系统administrator 系统管理员administrator account 系统管理员账号adp system 自动化数据处理系统adpe 自动数据处理设备adps 自动数据处理系统adsl 非对称式数字用户线路(asymmetric digital subscriber line) adsl asymmetrical digital subscriber line 非对称数字用户回路adult 成人片advance card technology canada (act canada) 加拿大卡片科技推广促进advance data link controller (adlc) 高等数据连接控制器advanced 进阶advanced communications service (acs) 高等通信服务advanced configuration & power interface(acpi) 高等组态与能源界面advanced configuration and power interface (acpi) 进阶组能与电源界面advanced encryption standard (aes) 高级加密标准advanced encryption standard, aes 先进加密标准advanced information systems (ais) 高等信息系统advanced intellgent network (ain) 高阶智能网络advanced intelligent tape 先进智能型磁带机系统advanced mobile phone service 高等移动电话服务advanced mobile phone service (amps) 先进行动电话服务advanced mobile phone system (amps) 模拟式行动电话系统advanced optical character reader (aocr) 高等感光文字阅读机advanced research projects agency (arpa) 高阶研究计划署advanced television system commission (atsc) 美国先进电视系统委员会advenced graphics port (agp) 加速影像处理端口adventure 冒险片advertising 广播advisory committee 中文界面谘询委员会advisory committee on code of practice for recognized certification authorities认advisory committee [gac] 互联网域名及规约编号指配组织辖adx 自动数据交换aed 自动工程设计系统aerial 天线aerial cable 架空电缆afar 阿法文afips 美国信息处理协会联盟afr 自动格式组织afrikaans 南非荷兰文after service 售后服务after-image 余像agenda 议程agent 代理程序aggregate 汇总aggregate expression 聚合表示aggregate field 汇总数据域位aggregate function 汇总函式aggregate object 汇总物件aggregate point of presence with gigabit capacity giga传输汇集点aggregate query 汇总查询aggregate type 汇总类型aggregation 汇总agument transfer instruction 参数转移指令ai 人工智能ai, artificial intelligence 人工智能,人工智能aida aida法则aifc 声音文件格式aiming circle 标的圈aiming field 标的场aiming symbol 标的符号airbrush 喷枪airbrushed strokes 喷枪笔画airline reservation system 航空订位系统ais n/aait﹒另类aix 高阶交谈式作业系列al 汇编语言alarm 警示alarm display 警报显示器alarm systems, microprocessor 微处理机警报系统alarm, audible 音响警报(器)alarm-repeated transmission 警报复送albanian 阿尔巴尼亚文album 相簿ald n/aalerting (alerting signal) 警示讯号alertor 警报器algebraic expression 代数表示algebraic expression manipulation statement 代数表示操作陈述algebraic language 代数语言algebraic manipulation 代数操作algebraic sign conventions 代数符号规则algol algol程序语言algol (algorithmic language) 奥高(算法语言)algol 10 奥高10语言algol 68 奥高68语言algorithm 算法algorithm convergence 算法收敛性algorithm, programming 程序设计算法algorithm, scheduing 排程算法algorithm, transfer 转移运算法algorithm, translation 翻译算法algorithmic 算法的algorithmic language 算法语言algorithmic routine 演算例程alias 别名alias name 别名aliasing 别名align 对齐align center 置中对齐align left 靠左对齐align right 靠右对齐align text 对齐文字align to grid 贴齐网格线alignment 排列alignment pin 调整脚alignmentpin 调整脚all 算术逻辑单位all files 所有档案all purpose computer 全能计算机；全方位计算机all types 所有类型all-number calling (anc) 全数目呼叫all-number calling(anc) 全数目呼叫all-source analysts 全资源分析师allocate 分派allocation unit 配置单位allocation, dynamic-storage 动态储存配置allocation, resource 资源配置allocation, storage 储存配置allocator 分派器allotting 取位选择allow 允许almador almador芯片组aln 高阶智能网络alpha αalpha channel alpha 色板alpha cpu alpha 微处理器alpha flux α通量。
计算机专业英语名词翻译
第一章（计算机系统概论）digital computer 数字计算机decimal digits 十进制数字binary 二进制bit 位ASCII 美国国家信息交换标准代码computer system 计算机系统hardware system 硬件系统software system 软件系统I/O devices 输入输出设备central processing unit(CPU) 中央处理器memory 存储器application software 应用软件video game 计算机游戏system software 系统软件register 寄存器floating point data浮点数据Boolean布尔值character data字符数据EBCDIC扩充的二十一进制交换代码punched cards穿孔卡片magnetic tape磁带main memory主存vacuum tubes电子管magnetic drum磁鼓transistors晶体管solid-state devices固体器件magnetic cores磁芯integrated circuit（IC）集成电路silicon chip硅芯片multiprogramming多道程序设计timessharing分时分时技术minicomputers小型计算机mainframe大型计算机large-scaleintegrated(LSI)大规模集成very-large-scale integrated(VLSI)超大规模集成word processing文字处理eletronic spreedsheets电子表格database management programs数据库管理程序desktop publishing桌面印刷personalcomputer(PC)个人计算机microcomputer微型计算机storage capacities存储容量stand-alone computer独立计算机local area network(LAN)局域网peripheral devices外部设备assembly line流水线supercomputer巨型计算机第二章（计算机系统结构）memmory subsystem存储子系统I/O subsystem输入输出子系统bus总线system bus系统总线chip 芯片address bus地址总线instructions指令memory location存储单元data bus数据总线control bus控制总线local bus 局部总线microprocessor微处理器register set寄存器组arithmetic logic unit(ALU)运算器clock cycle时钟周期control unit控制器computer architecture计算机体系结构introduction format指令格式addressing modes寻址方式introduction set指令集internal memory内存main memory主存Random Access Memory(RAM)随机存取存储器Read Only Memory (ROM)只读存储器secondary storage副主存储器vitual memory虚拟存储器Dynamic RAM(DRAM)动态存储器refresh circuitry刷新电路Static RAM(SRAM)静态RAMcache memory高速缓冲存储器masked ROM掩膜ROMPROM可编程RAMEPROM可擦写PROMultraviolet light紫外线EEPROM or EEPROM电擦写PROMbasic input/output system(BIOS)基本输入输出系统flash EEPROM 快闪存储器memory hierarchy 存储器体系结构auxiliary memory 辅助存储器storage memory 存储容量keyboard 键盘alphanumeric key字母数字键function key 功能键cursor key 光标键numeric keypad 数字键mouse 鼠标touch screen触屏infrared ray红外线monitor 监视器display screen显示屏laser printer激光打印机ink-jet printer喷墨打印机dot-matrix printer点针式打印机modem调制解调器input-output interface(I/O interface)输入输出接口peripheral外部设备，外设interrupt中断program counter程序计数器vectored interrupt向量中断nonvectored interrupt非向量中断interrupt vector中断向量Direct Memory Acess(DMA)直接存储器存取timeout超时第三单元（计算机体系结构）parallel processing 并行操作serial operations 串行操作instructions stream 指令流data dream 数据流SISD 单指令单数据流SIMD 单指令多数据流MISD 多指令单数据流MIMD 多指令多数据流pipeline processing 流水线处理combinational circuit 组合电路multiplier 乘法器adder 加法器clock pulse 时钟脉冲vector processing 向量处理one-dimensional array 一维数组scalar processer 标量处理器vector instructions 向量指令CISC 复杂指令集计算机decoder 译码器RISC 精简指令集计算机backward compatibility 向下兼容第四单元（算法与数据结构）algorithm 算法parallel algotithm 并行算法primitive 原语syntax 语法semantics 语义pseudocode 伪码exhaustive search 穷举搜索divide-and-conquer algorithm 分治算法dynamic programming 动态规划bottom-up 自上而下top-down 自下而上array 数组one-dimensional array 一维数组pointer 指针program counter 程序计数器instruction pointer 指令指针list 列表linked list 链表singly-linked list 单向链表double-linked list 双向链表circularly-linked list 循环链表FIFO 先进先出LIFO 后进先出stack 栈push 压栈pop 出栈stack pointer 栈指针queue 队列tree 树root 根level 层次degree of a node 结点的度depth of a tree树的深度binary tree 二叉树traversal 遍历M-way search tree M向搜索树第五章（编程语言）Program 程序Program language 程序设计语言Software engineering 软件工程Pseudocode 伪码Flowchart 流程图Coding 编码Program testing 程序测试Desk-checking 手工检查Documentation 文档User documentation 用户文档Operator documentation 操作员文档Programmer documentation 程序员文档Machine language 机器语言Assembly languages 汇编语言High-level languages 高级语言RAD(rapid application development) 快速应用开发Natural language 自然语言Artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能Compile 编译Assemble 汇编Source code 源代码Object code 目标代码Linker 连接器Executable file 可执行文件Object-oriented programming 面向对象的程序设计Object 对象Class 类ADT（abstract data type）抽象数据类型Member variable 成员变量Class variable 类变量Member function 成员函数Inheritance 继承Derived class 派生类Overload 超载Message 消息Static binding 静态绑定Dynamic binding 动态绑定Polymorphism 多态性Visual programming 可视化编程Markup language 标记语言HTML（hyper text markup language）超文本标记语言Hyperlink 超链接XML(extensible markup language) 可扩展标记语言Java virtual machine java虚拟机第六章（操作系统）Application software 应用软件System software 系统软件Utility software 实用软件Operating system（OS）操作系统Shell 操作系统的外壳程序Graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面Kernel 内核Serial processing 串行处理Job 作业Batch processing 批处理Simple batch systems 简单批处理系统Multiprogrammed batch systems 多道程序批处理系统Monitor 监控程序Scheduler 调度程序Multiprogramming 多道程序Multitasking 多任务Time-sharing systems 分时系统Uniprogramming 单道进程Process 进程Process management 进程管理Process control block 进程控制块Mutual exclusion 互斥Multiprocessing 多处理，多进程Distributed processing 分布式管理Concurrent processes 并发处理Deadlock 死锁Synchronize process同步处理Semaphore 信号量Reusable resource 可复用性资源I/O buffers 输入/输出缓冲区I/O channel 输入/输出通道Deadlock prevention 死锁预防Deadlock detection 死锁检测Deadlock avoidance 死锁避免Virtual memory 虚拟内存Logical reference 逻辑引用Real addresse 实地址Paging 分页Segmentation 分段Virtual address 虚拟地址Physical addresses 物理地址Real-time process 实时处理File management 文件管理Plug and play(PnP) 即插即用第七单元(应用软件)application software 应用软件word processing 字处理软件spreadsheet 电子表格personal finance 个人理财presentation graphic 演示图形database manager 数据库管理软件groupware 群件desktop accessory 桌面辅助工具browsers 浏览区desktop publishing 桌面印刷project management 项目管理CAD 计算机辅助设计CAM 计算机辅助制造multimedia authoring 多媒体发布animation 动画MIDI 乐器数字化接口speech synthesis 语音合成insertion point 插入点scroll bar 滚动条window 窗口menu bar 菜单栏pull-down menu 下拉式菜单Button 按钮toolbar 工具条dialog box 对话框default value 缺省值（默认值）macro 宏OLE 对象链接和嵌入clipboard 剪切板column 列row 行cell 单元格cell address 单元格地址cell pointer 单元格指针formula 公式function 函数bar chart 柱形图line chart 线图pie chart 圆饼图workflow software 工作流软件PIM 个人信息管理软件Web browser 浏览器World Wide Web 万维网home page 主页第八单元（数据库）DBMS 数据库管理系统instance 实例schema 模式physical schema 物理模式存储模式内模式logical schema 逻辑模式概念模式模式subschema 子模式外模式data independence 数据独立性physical data independence 物理数据独立性logical data independence 逻辑数据独立性data model 数据模型entity-relationship model 实体联系模型object-oriented model 面向对象模型semantic data model 语义数据类型functional data model 功能数据模型entity 实体entity set 实体集mapping cardinality 映射基数abstract data type 抽象数据类型attribute 属性relation 关系tuple 元组primary key 主键super key 超健candidate key 候选键foreign key 外键DDL 数据定义语言data dictionary 数据字典DML 数据操纵语言procedure DML 过程化DML nonprocedure DML 非过程化DMLSQL 结构化查询语言view 视图the relational algebra 关系代数the tuple relational calculus 元组关系演算atomicity 原子性consistency 一致性duration 持久性transaction 事物DBA 数据库管理员。
计算机英语(课文内容翻译15分)
计算机英语课文内容翻译( 15 分)CHAPTER 11.1We build computer to solve problems. Early computer solved mathematical and engineering problems ,and later computers emphasized information processing for business applications. Today, computers alsocontrol machines as diverse as automobile engines, robots, and microwave ovens. A computer system solves a problem from any of these domains by accepting input, processing it, and producing output. Figure 1-1illustrates the function of a computer system.Figure 1-2 shows these componentsin a block diagram. The lines between the blocks represent the flow of information flows from one component to another on the bus, which is simply a group of wires connecting the components. Processing occursin the CPU and main memory. The organization in Figure 1-2, with the components connectedto each other by the bus,is common. However, other configurations are possible as well.The classification just described is basedon physical size as opposed to storage size. A computer system user is generally more concerned with storage size, because thaist a more direct indication of the amount ofuseful work that the hardware can perform.Speed of computationis another characteristic that is important to the user. Generally speaking, users want a fast CPU and large amounts of storage, but a physically small machinefor the I/O devices and main memor.y1.2A processor is a functional unit that interprets and carries out instructions. Every processorcomes with a unique set of operations such as ADD, STORE, or LOAD that represent the processor set. Computers ins designers arefond of calling their computers machines, so theinstruction set is sometimes referred to asmachine instructions and the binary language in which they are written is called machine language! [1] You shouldn 'ctonfuse the processor 'in s truction set with the instructions found in high-level programming languages, such as BASIC or Pascal.The control unit is the functional unit that is responsible for supervising the operation of the entire computer system. In some ways, it is analogous to a telephoneswitch-board with intelligence becauseit makes the connections betweenvarious functional units of the computer system and calls into operation each unit that is required by the program currently in operationThe arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) is the functional unit that provides the computer with logical and computational capabilities. Data are brought into the ALU by the control unit, and the ALU performs whatever arithmetic or logic operations are required to help carry out the instruction1.3Below the L1 cache is the Level 2,or L2 cache. In today ' s P-ecnlatisusmprocessors ,the L2 cacheis usually on the processor chipitself .In fact ,If you could lift the lid of a Pentium or Athlon processor and look atthe silicon die itself under a microscope you might be surprised to find that the biggest percentage of chip areawas taken up by the cache memoriesBelow the L1 cache is the Level 2,or L2 cache. In today 's Pen-ticulamss processors ,the L2 cacheisusually on the processor chipitself .In fact ,If you could lift the lid of a Pentium or Athlon processor and look atthe silicon die itself under a microscope you might be surprised to find that the biggest percentage of chip area was taken up by the cache memorie[s.The virtual memory interface is shown in Fig.1-6. A real memory of 16M bytes and a virtual memory of 2G bytes are shown for illustration; many modern virtual memory systems are much larger than this. Virtual-memory space is divided into equal-sized groups called pages. A page in a modern computer is 1K, 2K, or 4K bytes. Real memory is also divided into the same equal-sizedgroups, called page frames. When information is moved between virtual-memory space and real-memory space, a complete page is moved.Section 3 discussed how virtual memory extends the address spaceof a processor. However, the latency of real memory is too long to support high-performance processors.Even with the high-speed DRAMs used today for real memory, something must be done to overcome this latency problem.CHAPTER 22.1Multiprogramming, which was developed to improve performance, also allows time sharing. Time shared operating systems allow many users (from one to several hundred) to use a computer system inter-leavingly at the same time. Other operating systems types include real time systems and multiprocessor systems.The management of resources in a computer system is another major concern of the operating system. Obviously, a program cannot use a device if that hardwareis unavailable. As we have seen, the operational software oversees the execution of all programs. It also monitors the devices being used. To accomplish this, it establishes a table in which programs are matched against the devices they are using or will use .The operating system checks this table to approve or deny use of a specific device.In effect , the program undergoing execution signals the operating system that an I/O operation is desired, using a specific I/O device. The controlling software calls on the IOCS software to actually complete the I/O operation. Considering the level of I/O activity in most programs, the IOCS instructions are extremely vital.CHAPTER 33.1Selecting a PC for home or business use must begin with the all-important question “What do I want the system to do?” Once you' ve determined what tasks the system will be used for, you must choose among the software and hardware alternatives available. If yo'ure not really sure what you want a system to do, you should think twice about buying one. Computer systems that are configured to match the requirements of certain applications (such as preparing a novel) often perform poorly at ot hers (playing power-hungry multimedia games, for example). You can easily make expensive mistakes if yo'u re uncertain about what you want a system to do.When you take possession of a new computer system, you should find that most of the hardware and software you need are alreadyin place. You' ll need to connect the components and start the systemup;then, you' ll be off and running. If your system does not include a piece of hardware or software that you want itto have, you can usually buy and install it yourself relatively easily.A final, but optional, step in setting up your new system is customizing the settings. Most PCs include options for background images, color schemes, themes, screen savers, screen resolution, the order of items on the menus, and soforth. In Windows, the desktop options are accessible through the Control Panel, as shown in Fig.3-1, You can also use the Control Panel to set up your network and Internet settings.3.2The Windows desktop appears on thescreen after a computerusing the Windows operating system has completed the boot process. The desktop is where documents, folders, programs, and other objects are displayed when they are being used, similar to the way documents and file folders are laid on a desk when they are being used. Thought the appearanceof the Windows desktop can be customized, all desktops contain common elements, such as desktop icons, the taskbar, the Start button, windows, and task buttons (see Fig.3-2).The principle component of the GUI is the window. As mentioned earlier, a window is a rectangular area of information that is displayed on the screen. These windows can contain programs and documents, as well as menus, dialog boxes,icons, and a variety of other types of data.A menu is a set of options--usually text based—from which the user can choose to initiate a desiredaction in a program. At the top of many windows is a menu bar showing the main menu categories (see Fig.3-2). Pull-down menus (also called drop--down menus) display on the screen when the user selects an item on the menu bar. As shown on the right-most screen in Fig.3-2, in some Microsoft programs (such as Windows and someversions of Microsoft Office) a feature called personalizedmenus can be used.CHAPTER 44.1The OSI model is shown in Fig.4-1 (minus the physical medium). This model is based on a proposal developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) as the first step toward international standardization of the protocols used in the various layers. The model is called the ISO OSI (Open System Interconnection) Reference Model because it deals with connecting open systems—that is, systems that are open for communication with other systems.There are two end-to-end protocols in the transport layer, one of which is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), another is UDP (User Datagram Protocol). TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that allows a byte stream originating on one machine to be delivered without error on any other machine in the internet.UDP is an unreliable, connectionless protocol for applications that do not want TCP ' s s of flow control and wish to provide their own.The network layer defines an official packet format and protocol called IP (Internet Protocol). The job of the network layer is to deliver IP packets where they are supposed to go.4.2The most widespread topology for LANs designed to function as data communication for theinterconnection of local computer-basedequipment is the star topology, in which the major equipments used to connect a variety of computer-based devices arehubs or switches. Typical LAN product of using the star topology is the most famous Ethernet, which dominates the LAN world toda.yThe 100Base-T Ethernet which is known as Fast Ethernet has the same topology as 10Base-T showing in Fig.4-3. Using this topology, we can build a fast Ethernet and need NICs of 100Mb/s and hub of 100Mb/s and don' t need cabling any more .Switches are basically multi-port bridges, but share some characteristics with routers.Like routers, switches work by dividing up the network into a number of segments, each of which can operate without interference from traffic local to any of the other segments.Switching is performed at layer 2 of the seven-layer model-the same as bridging. Since it is performed at layer 2, the MAC address is used, which is independent of protocol address. Like a bridge, a switch learns which address reside on each of its ports and then switches data appropriately. A switch can be designed using conventional microprocessors or dedicated ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) technology.CHAPTER 55.1ARPAnet is abbreviated from “ AdvancedResearch Projects Agency Network ” .Landmark packet-switching network established in 1969. ARPAnet was developed in the 197s0 by BBN and funded by ARPA.It eventually evolved into the Internet. The term ARPAnet was officially retired in 1990.There are two kinds of E-mail protocol used in the Internet. One is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) which accepts incoming connections and copies messagesfrom them into the appropriate mailboxes . Another is Post Office Protocol-3 (POP3) which fetches E-mail from the remote mailbox and stores it on the user ' s local machine to be read later.Telnet is used for remote terminal connection, enabling usersto log in to remote systems and use resources as if they were connected to a local system.5.2Mobile Web use-or wireless Web, as it is frequently referred to-is one of the fastest growing Web applications today. Notebook and handheld devicesfrequently use attached or built-in modems to access the Internet; most mobile phones and pagers have Internet connectivity built in.Another type of dial-up connection is ADSL which is the most common way to access the Internet today. Sometimes ADSL is called as broadband accessing, because it provides more wide bandwidth than that the regular modem provides.Unlike satellite and fixed wireless connections, which use a cable to connect the modem to some type of fixed transceiver, mobile wireless connections allow the device to be moved from place to place. Consequently, most handheld PCs and othermobile devices (like Web-enable cell phones) use a mobile wireless connection and access the Internet through the same wireless network as cell phones and messaging devices.CHAPTER 66.1Until now there has always been a clear division between public and private networks. A public network,like the public telephone system and the Internet, is a large collection of unrelated peers that exchange information more or less freely with each other. The people with access to the public network may or may not have anything in common, and any given person on that network may only communicate with a small fraction of his potential users.Using the Internet for remote accesssaves a lot of money. You'll be able to dial in wherever your Internet service provider (ISP) has a point-of-presence (POP). If you choose an ISP with nationwide POPs, there's a good chance your LAN will be a local phone call away. Some ISPs have expanded internationally as well, or have alliances with ISPs overseas. Even many of the smaller ISPs have toll-free numbers for their roaming users. At the time of this writing, unlimited access dial-up PPP accounts, suitable for business use, are around $25 per month per user.At any rate, well-chosen ISP accounts should be cheaper than settingup a modem pool for remote users and paying thelong-distance bill for roaming users.Eventoll-free access from an ISP is typically cheaper than having your own toll-free number, because ISPs purchase hours in bulk from the long-distance companies.Using our previous example of the customer databasei,t 's easy to seehow a VPN could expand the Intranet application's functionality. Suppose most of your salespeople are on the road, or work from home. There's no reason why they shouldn't be able to use the Internet to access the Web server thahtouses the customer database application. oYu don't want just anyone to be able to access the information, however, and you're also worried about the information itself flowing unencrypted over the Internet. A VPN can provide a secure link between the salesperson's laptop and the Intranet web server running the database, and encrypt the data going between them. VPNsgive you flexibility, and allow practically any corporate network service to be used securely across the Internet.6.2For some time now, large business enterprises have used electronic commerce to conduct their business-to-businesstransactions. Electronic data interchange (EDI) on private networks began in the 1960s, and banks have been using dedicated networkfsor electronic funds transfer (EFT) almost aslong. Recently, however, with the increased awareness and popularity of the Internet, electronic commerce has come to encompass individual consumers as well as businesses of all sizes.To many, electronic commerce is defined as the buying and selling of products and services over the Internet, but there are many more aspects. From its inception, electronic commerce had included the handling of purchase transactions andfunds transfers over computernetworks. Its gr'own now to include the buying and selling of new commodities such as electronic information. And the opportunities for companies seeking to take advantage of thecapabilities of electronic commerce are greater than merely adopting our present view of commerce to performing those same transactions over electronic networks.Electronic commerce is a system that includes not only those transactions that center on buying and selling goods and servicesto directly generate revenue, but alsothose transactions that support revenue generation, such asgenerating demandfor those goods and services, offeringsales support and customer service (see Fig.6-1), or facilitating communications between business partners.。
计算机英语第四版课文翻译
《计算机英语》参考译文第一单元：计算机与计算机科学课文A：计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
要不是由于计算机的发展，现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。
不同类型和大小的计算机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据，从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。
计算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元，而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。
在几乎每一个研究和应用技术领域，从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告，计算机都是必要的工具，并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。
数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各样的信息源可供使用。
同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。
计算机犯罪已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。
二、历史第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯?帕斯卡于1642年设计的，它是数字计算机的先驱。
这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子，每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。
轮子互相连接，从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子，就可以将数字彼此相加。
17世纪70年代，德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德?威廉?莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良，设计了一台也能做乘法的机器。
法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽?雅卡尔，在设计自动织机时，使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复杂图案的编织。
在19世纪80年代期间，美国统计学家赫尔曼?何勒里斯，想出了使用类似雅卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。
通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的系统，他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。
1、分析机也是在19世纪，英国数学家和发明家查尔斯?巴比奇，提出了现代数字计算机的原理。
他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器，如差分机。
许多历史学家认为，巴比奇及其合伙人，数学家奥古斯塔?埃达?拜伦，是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。
巴比奇的设计之一，分析机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。
计算机专业课程名称英文翻译
计算机专业课程名称英文翻译（计算机科学与技术（教师教育）专业的课程名称和英文名称）4 中国现代史纲要 Outline of Moderm Chinese History5 大学英语 College English6 大学体育 College PE7 心理学 Psychology8 教育学 Pedagogy9 现代教育技术 Modern Technology10 教师口语 Teachers' Oral Skill11 形势与政策 Current Situation and Policy12 大学生就业与指导 Career Guidance13 学科教学法 Course Teaching Methodology14 生理与心理健康教育 Health and Physiology Education15 环境与可持续发展 Environment and Sustainable Development16 文献检索 Literature Retrieval17 大学体育 College PE18 大学语文 College Chinese19 高等数学 Higher Mathematics20 计算机导论 Introduction to ComputerScience21 程序设计基础 Programming Foundations22 程序设计基础实验 Experimentationof ProgrammingFoundations23 线性代数 Linear Algebra24 大学物理 College Physics25 大学物理实验 Experimentation of CollegePhysics26 电路与电子技术 Circuits and Electronics27 电工与电子技术实验 Experimentation of Circuits andElectronics28 数字逻辑电路 Digital Logic Circuit29 数字逻辑电路 Experimentation of DigitalLogic Circuit30 离散数学 Discrete Mathematics31 数据结构 Data Structures32 数据结构实验 Experimentation of DataStructures33 计算机组成与系统结构 Computer Organization and Architecture34 操作系统 Operating System35 操作系统实验 Experimentation of Operating System36 计算机网络 Computer Network37 计算机网络实验 Experimentation of Computer Network38 面向对象程序设计 Object-Oriented Programming39 面向对象程序设计实验 Experimentation of Object-Oriented Programming40 汇编语言程序设计 Assembly Language41 汇编语言程序设计实验 Experimentation of Assembly Language42 概率与数理统计 Probability and Statistics43 JAVA语言 Java Language45 JAVA语言实验 Experimentation of Java Language46 数据库原理 Databases Principles47 数据库原理实验 Experimentation of Databases Pninciples48 专业英语 Discipline English49 人工智能导论 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence50 算法设计与分析 Design and Analysis Of Algorithms51 微机系统与接口 Microcomputer System and Interface52 编译原理 Compiling Principles53 编译原理实验 Experimentation of Compiling54 数学建模 Mathematics Modeling55 软件工程 Software Engineering计算机专业课程名称英文翻译下（2）（计算机科学与技术（教师教育）专业的课程名称和英文名称）56 软件工程实验 Experimentation of Software Engineering57 嵌入式系统 Embedded System58 嵌入式系统实验 Experimentation of Embedded System59 多媒体技术 Multimedia Technology60 Experimentation of Multimedia Technology61 信息系统分析与设计 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design62 UNIX操作系统分析 UNIX System Analysis63 UNIX/Linux操作系统分析Experimentation of UNIX/Linux SystemAnalysis64 单片机原理 Principles of Single-ChipComputer65 信息安全与保密概论Introduction to Security andm Cryptography66 Web应用技术 Applications of Web67 高级数据库应用技术Advanced Application of Database Technology68 组网技术 Technology ofBuildingNetwork69 组网技术实验 Technology of Building Network70 计算机图形学 Computer Graphics71 嵌入式接口技术 Embedded Interface72 嵌入式接口技术实验Experimentation ofEmbedded Interface73 数字图像处理 Digital Images Processing74 数字图像处理实验 Digital Images Processing75 网络应用软件开发 Network Application Development76 XML原理与应用 XML Principle and Application77 XML原理与应用实验 ExperimentationofXML Principle andApplication78 计算机系统维护 Maintenance of Computer System79 计算机系统维护实验 Experimentation ofComputer Maintenance80 网络管理技术 Network Management Technology81 网络管理技术实验Experimentation of NetworkManagement82 数据仓库与数据挖掘 Data Storage and Data Digging83 项目管理 Project Management84 软件开发实例 Cases of Sotiware Development85 企业资源规划( ERP) Enterprise Resource Planning86 新技术 New Technology87 科研创作指导Supervision in Science ResearchCreation88 电子商务概论 Introduction of ElectronicBusiness89 计算机辅助教学 Computer Aided Teaching另：计算机导论 Introduction to ComputerScience程序设计基础 Foundations ofProgramming电路与电子技术 Circuits and Electronics数字逻辑电路 Digital Logic Circuit离散数学 Discrete Mathematics数据结构 Data Structures计算机组成与系统结构 Computer Organization and Architecture操作系统 Operating System计算机网络 Computer Network面向对象程序设计 Object-Oriented Progjamming数据库原理 Databases Principles。
编程术语英语翻译
编程术语英语翻译abstract['æbstrækt] 抽象的抽象的abstraction 抽象体、抽象物、抽象性抽象体、抽象物、抽象性access['ækses, ] 存取、取用存取、访问access level 存取级别访问级别access function['fʌŋkʃən]存取函式访问函数activate ['æktiveit]活化激活active 作用中的adapter [ə'dæptə]配接器适配器address 位址地址address space 位址空间，定址空间address－of operator ['ɔpəreitə]取址运算子取地址操作符aggregation [,æɡri'ɡeiʃən] 聚合algorithm ['ælɡəriðəm]演算法算法allocate ['æləukeit] 配置分配allocator （空间）配置器分配器application [,æpli'keiʃən]应用程式应用、应用程序application framework['freimwə:k] 应用程式框架、应用框架应用程序框架architecture ['ɑ:kitektʃə] 架构、系统架构体系结构argument ['ɑ:ɡjumənt]引数（传给函式的值）。
叁见parameter [pə'ræmitə]叁数、实质叁数、实叁、自变量array [ə'rei]阵列数组arrow operator arrow（箭头）运算子箭头操作符assembly 装配件assembly language 组合语言汇编语言assert(ion) 断言assign 指派、指定、设值、赋值赋值assignment 指派、指定赋值、分配assignment operator 指派（赋值）运算子= 赋值操作符associated [ə'səuʃi,eitid]相应的、相关的相关的、关联、相应的associative [ə'səuʃjətiv]container[kən'teinə] 关联式容器（对应sequential container）关联式容器atomic 不可分割的原子的attribute[ə'tribju:t] 属性属性、特性audio ['ɔ:diəu]音讯音频A.I. 人工智慧人工智能background 背景背景（用於图形着色）後台（用於行程）backward compatible [kəm'pætəbl] 回溯相容向下兼容bandwidth ['bændwidθ] 频宽带宽base class 基础类别基类base type 基础型别(等同於base class)batch [bætʃ] 批次（意思是整批作业）批处理benefit 利益收益best viable ['vaiəbl]function 最佳可行函式最佳可行函式（从viable functions 中挑出的最佳吻合者）binary ['bainəri] search 二分搜寻法二分查找binary tree 二元树二叉树binary function 二元函式双叁函数binary operator 二元运算子二元操作符binding['baindiŋ] 系结绑定bit 位元位bit field ['fi:ld]位元栏位域bitmap ['bit,mæp]位元图位图bitwise 以bit 为单元逐一┅bitwise copy 以bit 为单元进行复制；位元逐一复制位拷贝block [blɔk]区块,区段块、区块、语句块boolean ['bu:liən]布林值（真假值，true 或false）布尔值border ['bɔ:də] 边框、框线边框brace[breis](curly['kə:li] brace) 大括弧、大括号花括弧、花括号bracket ['brækit] (square [skwεə] brakcet) 中括弧、中括号方括弧、方括号breakpoint 中断点断点build 建造、构筑、建置（MS 用语）build－in 内建内置bus 汇流排总线business 商务,业务业务buttons 按钮按钮byte [bait]位元组（由8 bits 组成）字节cache[kæʃ] 快取高速缓存call 呼叫、叫用调用callback 回呼回调call operator call（函式呼叫）运算子调用操作符（同function call operator）candidate ['kændideit, -dət] function 候选函式候选函数（在函式多载决议程序中出现的候选函式）chain 串链（例chain of function calls）链character ['kærəktə字元字符check box 核取方块(i.e. check button) 复选框checked exception 可控式异常(Java)check button 方钮(i.e. check box) 复选按钮child class 子类别（或称为derived class, subtype）子类class 类别类class body 类别本体类体class declaration [,deklə'reiʃən] 类别宣告、类别宣告式类声明class definition[,defi'niʃən] 类别定义、类别定义式类定义class derivation[,deri'veiʃən] list [list] 类别衍化列类继承列表class head 类别表头类头class hierarchy['haiə,rɑ:ki] 类别继承体系, 类别阶层类层次体系class library 类别程式库、类别库类库class template ['templit] 类别模板、类别范本类模板class template partial ['pɑ:ʃəl] specializations[,speʃəlai'zeiʃən]类别模板偏特化类模板部分特化class template specializations类别模板特化类模板特化cleanup 清理、善後清理、清除client['klaiənt] 客端、客户端、客户客户client－server 主从架构客户/服务器clipboard['klipbɔ:d] 剪贴簿剪贴板clone 复制克隆collection 群集集合combo ['kɔmbəu] box 复合方块、复合框组合框command line 命令列命令行(系统文字模式下的整行执行命令)communication [kə,mju:ni'keiʃən] 通讯通讯compatible [kəm'pætəbl]相容兼容compile[kəm'pail] time 编译期编译期、编译时compiler[kəm'pailə] 编译器编译器component[kəm'pəunənt] 组件组件composition [,kɔmpə'ziʃən] 复合、合成、组合组合computer 电脑、计算机计算机、电脑concept ['kɔnsept] 概念概念concrete [kən'kri:t, 'kɔnkri:t]具象的实在的concurrent[kən'kʌrənt] 并行并发configuration[kən,fiɡju'reiʃən] 组态配置connection 连接，连线（网络,资料库）连接constraint [kən'streint] 约束（条件）construct [kən'strʌkt] 构件构件container[kən'teinə] 容器容器（存放资料的某种结构如list, vector...）containment [kən'teinmənt] 内含包容context['kɔntekst] 背景关系、周遭环境、上下脉络环境、上下文control 控制元件、控件控件console [kən'səul]主控台控制台const 常数（constant['kɔnstənt] 的缩写，C++ 关键字）constant 常数（相对於variable ['vεəriəbl] ）常量constructor（ctor）建构式构造函数（与class 同名的一种member functions）copy (v) 复制、拷贝拷贝copy (n) 复件, 副本cover 涵盖覆盖create 创建、建立、产生、生成创建creation 产生、生成创建cursor ['kə:sə] 游标光标custom 订制、自定定制data['deitə] 资料数据database 资料库数据库database schema ['ski:mə] 数据库结构纲目data member 资料成员、成员变数数据成员、成员变量data structure 资料结构数据结构datagram 资料元数据报文dead lock 死结死锁debug [di:'bʌɡ] 除错调试debugger [di:'bʌɡə]除错器调试器declaration[,deklə'reiʃən] 宣告、宣告式声明deduction[di'dʌkʃən] 推导（例：template ['templit] argument deduction）推导、推断default[di'fɔ:lt] 预设缺省、默认defer [di'fə:] 延缓推迟define[di'fain] 定义预定义definition[,defi'niʃən] 定义、定义区、定义式定义delegate'[deliɡeit] 委派、委托、委任委托delegation （同上）demarshal 反编列散集dereference 提领（取出指标所指物体的内容）解叁考dereference operator dereference（提领）运算子* 解叁考操作符derived[di'raivd] class 衍生类别派生类design by contract [ kən'trækt] 契约式设计design pattern ['pætən]设计范式、设计样式设计模式※最近我比较喜欢「设计范式」一词destroy [di'strɔi] 摧毁、销毁destructor[di'strʌktə] 解构式析构函数device[di'vais] 装置、设备设备dialog ['daiəlɔɡ] 对话窗、对话盒对话框directive [di'rektiv] 指令（例：using directive）(编译)指示符directory [di'rektəri] 目录目录disk [disk] 碟盘dispatch [dis'pætʃ] 分派分派distributed [di'stribjutid] computing[kəm'pju:tiŋ] 分布式计算(分布式电算) 分布式计算分散式计算(分散式电算)document [ dɔkjument] 文件文档dot [dɔt]基本翻译n. 点，圆点；嫁妆vi. 打上点vt. 加小点于dot [dɔt] operator dot（句点）运算子. (圆)点操作符driver [draivə] 驱动程式驱动（程序）dynamic [dai'næmik] binding ['baindiŋ] 动态系结动态绑定efficiency[i'fiʃənsi] 效率效率efficient [i'fiʃənt] 高效高效end user 终端用户entity['entəti] 物体实体、物体encapsulation [in,-kæpsə'leiʃən] 封装封装enclosing class 外围类别（与巢状类别nested class 有关）外围类enum (enumeration [i,nju:mə'reiʃən]) 列举（一种C++ 资料型别）枚举enumerators [i,nju:mə'reiʃən] 列举元（enum 型别中的成员）枚举成员、枚举器equal 相等相等equality[i:'kwɔləti] 相等性相等性equality operator equality（等号）运算子== 等号操作符equivalence [i'kwivələns] 等价性、等同性、对等性等价性equivalent 等价、等同、对等等价escape [i'skeip] code 转义码转义码evaluate [i'væljueit] 评估、求值、核定评估event 事件事件event driven 事件驱动的事件驱动的exception [ik'sepʃən] 异常情况异常exception declaration [,deklə'reiʃən] 异常宣告（ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 11.3）异常声明exception handling ['hændliŋ] 异常处理、异常处理机制异常处理、异常处理机制exception specification [,spesifi'keiʃən]异常规格（ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 11.4）异常规范exit 退离（指离开函式时的那一个执行点）退出explicit [ik'splisit] 明白的、明显的、显式显式export [ik'spɔ:t,] 汇出引出、导出expression [ik'spreʃən] 运算式、算式表达式facility [fə'siliti] 设施、设备设施、设备feature ['fi:tʃə] 特性field 栏位,资料栏（Java）字段, 值域（Java）file['fail] 档案文件firmware['fə:mwεə] 韧体固件flag[flæɡ] 旗标标记flash memory 快闪记忆体闪存flexibility [,fleksi'biliti] 弹性灵活性flush [flʌʃ] 清理、扫清刷新font [fɔnt] 字型字体form 表单（programming 用语）窗体formal ['fɔ:məl] parameter[pə'ræmitə] 形式叁数形式叁数forward declaration 前置宣告前置声明forwarding 转呼叫,转发转发forwarding function 转呼叫函式,转发函式转发函数fractal['fræktəl] 碎形分形framework 框架框架full specialization 全特化（ref. partial specialization）function 函式、函数函数function call operator 同call operatorfunction object 函式物件（ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 12.3）函数对象function overloaded resolution [,rezə'lu:ʃən]函式多载决议程序函数重载解决（方案）functionality [,fʌŋkʃə'næliti] 功能、机能功能function template 函式模板、函式范本函数模板functor ['fʌŋktə] 仿函式仿函式、函子game 游戏游戏generate ['fʌŋktə] 生成generic [dʒi'nerik] 泛型、一般化的一般化的、通用的、泛化generic algorithm ['ælɡəriðəm] 泛型演算法通用算法getter (相对於setter) 取值函式global 全域的（对应於local）全局的global object 全域物件全局对象global scope [skəup] resolution operator全域生存空间（范围决议）运算子:: 全局范围解析操作符group 群组group box 群组方块分组框guard [ɡɑ:d] clause [klɔ:z] 卫述句(Refactoring, p250) 卫语句GUI 图形介面图形界面hand shaking ['ʃeikiŋ] 握手协商handle['hændl] 识别码、识别号、号码牌、权柄句柄handler ['hændlə] 处理常式处理函数hard－coded 编死的硬编码的hard－copy 硬拷图屏幕截图hard disk 硬碟硬盘hardware ['hɑ:dwεə] 硬体硬件hash[hæʃ] table 杂凑表哈希表、散列表header file ['fail] 表头档、标头档头文件heap[hi:p] 堆积堆hierarchy ['haiə,rɑ:ki] 阶层体系层次结构（体系）hook [huk] 挂钩钩子hyperlink ['haipəliŋk] 超链结超链接icon['aikɔn] 图示、图标图标IDE 整合开发环境集成开发环境identifier [ai'dentifaiə] 识别字、识别符号标识符if and only if 若且唯若当且仅当Illinois 伊利诺伊利诺斯image 影像图象immediate base 直接的（紧临的）上层base class。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
单片机原理和应用第一章介绍微控制器1.1计算机的世界1.2计算机能力水平1.2.1超级计算机1.2.2电脑主机1.2.3小型机1.2.4微机1.2.5微处理器微控制器相对于1.2.61.3微处理器的两种应用1.4微处理器的演变1.4.1静态逻辑1.4.2时序逻辑3双向总线1.4.4可寻址内存1.4.5总线连接1.4.6存储程序控制1.5单片机的特点1.6单片机的历史1.6.1四位设备1.6.2八位设备1.6.3 16位和32位设备1.6.4一些流行的微控制器1.7微控制器在当今的应用1.8 Intel MCS-51设备的分类1.8.1 MCS-51系列1.8.2 8051 (ROM设备)1.8.3 8751 (EPROM设备)1.8.4 8951 (EEPROM设备) 1.8.5 8031(无ROMless设备) 1.9 MCS-51的特点1.9.1整合周边设备1.9.2特殊功能寄存器(SFRs) 1.9.3事件处理设施1.9.4布尔处理1.9.5系统设计注意事项1.10单片机的基本操作1.10.1指令的执行1. 10.2数值操作1.10.3逻辑运算1.11本章的练习1.12本章英汉词汇第二章是MCS-51单片机的硬件部分2.1 8051的内部结构2.2引脚连接及功能2.2.1基本包pinout2.2.2 pin功能明细2.2.3端口3引脚的交替功能2.3 8051的详细结构2.4组织记忆2.4.1存储器排列的类型2.4.2 8051存储器的排列2.4.3访问正确的内存类型2.4.4注册银行2.4.5堆栈在80512.4.6位可寻址RAM区域2.5时钟振荡电路2.6复位操作2.7平行inpL] t /输出2.8功率因素2.9最小微控制器系统第三章是MCS-51指令集和专用函数寄存器3.1教学格式.3.1.1 ASM 51语言3.1.2仪器的组成。
3.1.3在ASMS 1中表示数字31.4标签3.1.5循环的含义3.2寻址方式。
3.2.1基本概念3.2.2立即让步3.2.3直接合并3.2.4登记地址3.2.5间接寻址3.2.6内在地址3.2.7位寻址3.2.8蓄能器进逼3.2.9进入上层RAM和SFRS3.2.10寻址方式的综合3.3 MCS-51指令清单-.3.3.2算术指令-3.3.3逻辑指令3.3.4跳转和子例程呼叫3.4特别功能登记册(SFRS)3.4.1 SFRS的目的3.4.2 SFRS的地址3.4.3蓄能器(A或ACC)3.4.4登记册B3.4.5数据指针(DPTR)3.4.6程序计数器(PC)3.4.7堆栈指针(SP)3.4.8 Inputloutpu Pors3.4.9串行口缓冲区(SBUF)3.4.10程序状态字(PSW)3.4.11定时器0(To)和计时器1(TI)·3.4.12计时器管制(TCON)-3.4.13定时器模式CTMOD)3.4.14暂停启用(E)3.4.15中断优先级(IP)3.4.16功率控制(PCON)3.4.17串行控制(SCON)3.5关于本章的练习。
3.6本章中的英汉词汇。
第四章为MCS-51的汇编语言编程4.1汇编语言程序设计.4.2基本编程方法.4.22使用OFS作为标签4.23用软件停止微控制器4.3伪指令.4.3.1伪核的概念4.3.2 ORG起源4.3.3 EQU等价物4.3.4位等价物4.3.5 DB数据字节4.4数据维护的示例.4.4.1在内部内存中复制数据块4.4.2对数据块进行排序4.4.3将数据块复制到外部内存4.4.4在数据块中找到最大值4.5算术计算的例子.4.5.1使用堆栈进行算术评估4.5.2使用算术查表.4.5.3有符号的算术计算.4.5.4多字节无符号计算4.5.5生成伪随机数序列--4.6逻辑表达式求值示例4.6.1简单的逻辑计算4.6.2使用堆栈进行逻辑评估4.7时间延迟的例子4，7.1软件-产生短期延迟4 7.2产生长时间延迟4.73软件生成的时间延迟的缺点4.8文本操纵的例子.4.8.1从4位二进制数字到ASCII码的转换4.8.2从ASCII到二进制代码的转换4.8.3字符串存储和检索4.8.4文本-格式化字符4.8.5向打印机发送字符串4.9程序控制实例4.9.1 N-向分支4.9.2递归子程序4.10关于本章的练习4.11本章中的英汉词汇第5章在MCS-51上的中断处理5.1中断.5.2 MCS上的中断类型-51-.S.2.1可用中断5.2.2重置S.2.3外部中断5.2.4定时器爆发-5.2.S串行口Iterrupis5.3启用和禁用中断5.4中断Fla.5.5同时处理inrru-t-.s.s.5.1中断优先级5.5.2低优先级INTERrupt5.5.3高优先级INTEUPT对ISR的控制5.S.4更改ISRS在内存中的中断位置.5.65.7处理多源迭代腐蚀-.5.8水平书呆子使用锁存器-.5.9方案的例子与交错操作.5.9.1控制交通灯。
5.9.2带有开关中断的遥感器5.9.3通过中断·5.10本章的练习，在发光二极管之间进行切换。
5.11本章中的英汉词汇.第六章定时器/计数器和串口操作6.1使用计时器/计数器6.1.1计时器概念。
6.1.2计时器/计数器的硬件6.1.3计时器控制寄存器(SFRS)6.1.4定时器的设置和去处6.1.5计时器模式6.1.6对计时器溢出的操作6.1.7预紧值的计算6.1.8计数器和定时器操作前的切换6.1.9在定时器/计数器上使用门功能6.1.10使用计时器的示例程序6.2使用串行端口6.2.1串行和并行数据通信6.2.2 RS 232概念6.2.3 RS 232传输速度6.2.4在8051上引入串行POR6.2.5 8051上与模式0的串行通信6.2.6 8051上与模式1的串行通信6.2.7 8051上与模式2的串行通信6.2.8与模式3在8051上的串行通信.6.2.9 RS 232逻辑级6.2.10握手6.2.11处理串口接口6.3关于本章的练习6.4本章中的英汉词汇第七章内存和输入输出端口的扩展7.1 MCS--51芯片的限制7.2程序代码内存的扩展。
7.2.1 8751和8951的内部代码内存。
7.2.2添加外部代码存储芯片7.2.3扩展代码内存的电路7.2.4扩展代码内存的时序图7.3扩大RAM7.3.1提供额外内存7.3.2 RAM扩展电路7.3.3访问外部RAM的时序图7.3.4增加外部EPROM和RAM7.3.5的电路--使用8255 A PPI扩展存储器7.4并口扩展的电路设计和分析实例7.4.1可编程外围接口的使用7.4.2 8255 a的内部结构7.4.3 8255 A控制范围7.4.4 8255 A模式7.4.5 8255 A和8751之间的简单配置7.4.6控制和与8255 A通信的软件示例7.4.7 8255 A在特定存储器地址的连接7.4.8 FPGA在多外围系统中的使用7.5本章的练习.7.6本章中的中英文词汇第8章将MCS-51接口到电子设备8.1 8051并行端口的详细信息8.1.1 1I/0端口的变化8.1.2 0端口的详细情况8.1.3第一港详情8.1.4港口详情8.1.5港口详情8.2模拟-数字转换接口8.2.1 A-D转换的精度8.22逐次逼近转换器原8.2.3 ADC 0809集成电路8.2.4连接8051与ADC 08098.2.5从ADC到8051的数据传输时间.8.2.6 A-D转换软件示例8.3数字到模拟转换接口.8.3.1 DAC 0832集成电路8.3.2使用R-2R梯形8.3.3连接8051和DAC 0832的D-A转换原理8.3.4 D-A转换软件示例8.3.5控制8051.D8.4接口到EEPROMS的两个DACS的例子。
8.4.1 EEPROMS的基本特征8.4.2 EEPROMs的类型8.4.3用于将EEPROM接口到8051P8.5达拉斯iButton接口的连接电路。
8.5.1介绍达拉斯iButton8.5.2用单片机实现阅读器8.5.3读者软件8.5.4循环冗余检查(CRC)。
8.6关于本章的练习8.7本章中的英汉词汇第9章将MCS-51与机械和光学设备连接9.1界面加载的考虑因素9.2矩阵-键盘接口。
9.2.1键盘干扰电路9.2.2在阅读键盘时使用中断.9.2.3.键盘读数的例子.9.2.4键盘的弹跳.9.3 LED显示接口-9.3.1 7-增强型显示器的使用9.3.2 7段显示器的配置9.3.3 7段显示器与微控制装置的对比9.4与字母数字液晶显示器的接口-.9.4.1液晶显示器的基本原理9.4.2液晶显示器连接9.4.3 HD44780U接口说明9.4.4液晶显示器软件。
9.5步进电机接口9.5.1步进电机原理9.5.2齿形转子的使用9.5.3微控制器与步进电机的接口9.5.4步进电机控制软件9.5.5时间和速度方面的考虑9.6关于这一章的练习9.7本章中的中英词汇。
第10章用C语言编写微控制器10.1 C的历史10.2 C语言的特点10.3 C语言的使用10.4一个简短的C语言Prim-.10.4.1 C程序的形式和内容10.4.2 C中的职能10.4.3 C中的变量10.4.4 C语言说明10.4.5评论和标点符号10.5 C51语言10.5.1 C51的理由10.5.2 C51中的变量10.5.3 CSI和ASMS 1的比较1054个编程示例80S1Inc.10.6小型C-.10.7 SDCC-小型设备C编译器- 10.8关于这一章的练习10.9本章中的英汉词汇第十一章单片机系统的设计11.1基于单片机的系统设计原则11.1.1设计和开发过程11.1.2需求分析-11.1.3职能分工-.11.1.4限制11.1.5微控制器的选择11.1.6硬件设计11.1.7软件开发和测试11.1.8系统集成11.1.9文件11.1.10安装11.1.11客户评价11.2 MCS-51的开发工具.11.2.1 DIAS开发系统11.2.2读取开发系统11.3微控制器系统中的错误校正.11.3.1汇编语言语法错误检测11.3.2使用LED简单的运行时错误校正11.3.3通过写信给装甲运兵车更正运行时错误。
11.3.4在运行时使用跟踪过程11.4增强MCS-51设备11.4.1改进基本设计11.4.2模拟数字转换器(ADC)11.4.3闪存11.4.4 USB接口11.4.5以太网接口。
11.4.6 CAN控制器11.4.7 R.F.收发器11.4.8看门狗定时器(WDT)11.4.9 8051.11.5单片机系列增强版摘要11.5.1引入微微控制器11.5.2 PIC16C84的特点11.5.3 PIC16C84的硬件结构11.5.4编程语言11.5.5启用看门狗定时器11.5.6法典保护11.5.7在芯片中编写ID程序11.5.8 EEPROM中的非易失性数据存储11.5.9 PIC16F84的老大哥11.6关于本章的练习11.7本章中的英汉词汇.。